CN111937226A - Power supply device, electric vehicle provided with same, and power storage device - Google Patents

Power supply device, electric vehicle provided with same, and power storage device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111937226A
CN111937226A CN201880092111.6A CN201880092111A CN111937226A CN 111937226 A CN111937226 A CN 111937226A CN 201880092111 A CN201880092111 A CN 201880092111A CN 111937226 A CN111937226 A CN 111937226A
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China
Prior art keywords
power supply
supply device
sheet
heat insulating
inorganic
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CN201880092111.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
内藤公计
吉田直刚
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Publication of CN111937226A publication Critical patent/CN111937226A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

In order to effectively prevent the chain reaction of thermal runaway of battery cells with a simple structure, a power supply device is provided with a plurality of battery cells (1) in a square shape, a fixing member for fixing the plurality of battery cells (1) in a laminated state, and a heat insulating sheet (2) which is sandwiched by the laminated surfaces (11A) of the battery cells (1) and insulates heat between adjacent battery cells (1), wherein the heat insulating sheet (2) is formed into an inorganic fiber sheet (2X) which is formed by three-dimensionally and nondirectionally gathering inorganic fibers and providing fine gaps between the inorganic fibers.

Description

Power supply device, electric vehicle provided with same, and power storage device
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a power supply device in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked, and more particularly to a power supply device for a motor mounted on an electric vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, an electric vehicle, or an electric motorcycle to run the vehicle, or a power supply device for a large current used for power storage applications for home use or factory use, and an electric vehicle and a power storage device having the power supply device.
Background
In a power supply device requiring a large output, a large number of batteries are connected in series and in parallel. For example, a plurality of battery cells are stacked to form a battery block in a power supply device such as an electric vehicle that runs by a motor, a hybrid vehicle that runs by both a motor and an engine, a power storage device that is charged by natural energy, and a power supply device used as a backup power supply for power failure. The battery cells are stacked in the battery block so as to be insulated from each other. This is because a potential difference is generated in the battery cells connected in series. The battery cells are covered with an insulating film in order to insulate the battery cells from each other, and an insulating separator is disposed between the battery cells. (see patent document 1)
In this power supply device, the battery cells are covered with an insulating film to insulate the adjacent battery cells, and an insulating separator is disposed between the batteries to insulate the adjacent battery cells. The power supply device having this structure can insulate the battery cells, but has a disadvantage that the battery cells cannot be insulated effectively. In a power supply device in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked, heat insulation characteristics are extremely important in addition to insulation characteristics between the battery cells. In particular, in recent years, the importance of a technology for preventing a chain reaction of thermal runaway has been increasing because the capacity of a battery cell has been increasing and the energy possessed by the battery cell has been increasing.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2013-33668
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a technique capable of effectively preventing a chain reaction of thermal runaway of a battery cell with a simple structure.
Means for solving the problems
A power supply device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of rectangular battery cells, a fixing member that fixes the plurality of battery cells in a stacked state, and a heat insulating sheet that is sandwiched between stacked surfaces of the battery cells and insulates between adjacent battery cells, and is characterized in that the heat insulating sheet is an inorganic fiber sheet in which inorganic fibers are three-dimensionally and nondirectionally aggregated and fine voids are provided between the inorganic fibers.
An electrically powered vehicle having a power supply device including the components of the above-described embodiment includes the power supply device, a motor for traveling to which electric power is supplied from the power supply device, a vehicle main body on which the power supply device and the motor are mounted, and wheels that are driven by the motor to travel on the vehicle main body.
The power storage device having the power supply device including the components of the above-described embodiment includes the power supply device and a power supply controller that controls charging and discharging of the power supply device, and the power supply controller controls the square battery cell so that the battery cell can be charged by electric power from outside.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
The power supply device of the present invention has a feature that a chain reaction of thermal runaway of a battery cell can be effectively prevented with a simple configuration. This is because, in the above power supply device, the heat insulating sheet laminated between the battery cells is an inorganic fiber sheet in which inorganic fibers are three-dimensionally and nondirectionally aggregated and fine voids are provided between the inorganic fibers, so that the heat insulating property between the battery cells can be remarkably improved, and the heat energy of the battery cell that generates heat due to thermal runaway can be effectively blocked, thereby blocking the conduction of the heat energy to the adjacent battery cells. In particular, in the power supply device of the present invention, the inorganic fibers having extremely excellent heat resistance are three-dimensionally and nondirectionally gathered to provide numerous gaps between the inorganic fibers, and the heat resistance corresponding to the air layer is also achieved by providing numerous gaps between the fibers in addition to the heat insulation property achieved by the inorganic fibers. Further, in the above power supply device, since the inorganic fibers are three-dimensionally aggregated and the air layer is provided by providing fine voids between the fibers, even in a state where thermal runaway occurs in any of the battery cells and the battery cells are heated to an abnormally high temperature of, for example, more than 400 ℃, the inorganic fibers having extremely excellent heat resistance can maintain the voids, thereby effectively insulating the battery cells from each other and reliably preventing the chain reaction of the thermal runaway. In particular, in the inorganic fiber sheet in which the inorganic fiber sheets are three-dimensionally and nondirectionally aggregated, the inorganic fiber sheet has fine voids between fibers therein and thus has low thermal conductivity, and the inorganic fibers having excellent heat resistance do not soften or melt, so that the inorganic fiber sheet has excellent compressive strength, and even in a state in which any one of the battery cells is heated to a high temperature due to thermal runaway and the battery cell expands to pressurize the heat insulating sheet, the inorganic fiber sheet does not lose excellent heat insulating properties, but can extremely effectively block conduction of thermal energy of the battery cell having thermal runaway to an adjacent battery cell, thereby effectively preventing induction of thermal runaway.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the power supply device of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing a stacked structure of a battery cell and a heat insulating sheet.
Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing another example of the heat insulating sheet.
Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing another example of the heat insulating sheet.
Fig. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing another example of the heat insulating sheet.
Fig. 7 is a development view showing another example of the heat insulating sheet.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a process of covering the battery cell with the heat insulating sheet shown in fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing a process of covering a battery cell with the heat insulating sheet shown in fig. 7.
Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of a power supply device mounted on a hybrid vehicle that travels via an engine and a motor.
Fig. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of a power supply device mounted on an electric vehicle that travels only by a motor.
Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing an example in which a power supply device is used in a power storage device.
Detailed Description
The power supply device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be particularly limited by the following configuration. The power supply device includes a plurality of rectangular battery cells 1, a fixing member 6 for fixing the plurality of battery cells 1 in a stacked state, and a heat insulating sheet 2 sandwiched by the stacked surfaces 11A of the battery cells 1 to insulate the adjacent battery cells 1 from heat, and the heat insulating sheet 2 is an inorganic fiber sheet 2X in which inorganic fibers are three-dimensionally and nondirectionally aggregated and fine voids are provided between the inorganic fibers.
The heat insulating sheet 2 may be an inorganic fiber sheet 2X containing a thermoplastic resin in the gaps between inorganic fibers. In the above power supply device, since the inorganic fiber sheet serving as the heat insulating sheet contains the thermoplastic resin, when the battery cell generates heat due to thermal runaway, the heat generation temperature of the battery becomes higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin, and the thermoplastic resin is melted. The melted thermoplastic resin absorbs the heat of fusion to improve the substantial heat resistance of the heat insulating sheet. The absorption of heat energy by the heat of fusion further improves the heat insulating property of the inorganic fiber sheet exhibiting excellent heat insulating properties, and the induction of thermal runaway can be more effectively prevented.
The heat insulating sheet 2 may be an inorganic fiber sheet 2X in which inorganic particles are filled in gaps between inorganic fibers. The above power supply device has a feature that since the compressive strength can be increased by the inorganic particles filled in the gaps of the inorganic fibers, the power supply device can maintain excellent heat insulating properties even in a state where the battery cell expands due to thermal runaway, thereby preventing the induction of thermal runaway. This is because the inorganic particles filled in the gaps of the inorganic fibers can secure the gaps of the fibers and prevent the fine air from being crushed. This characteristic is particularly important for the induction of thermal runaway. This is because the battery cell in which thermal runaway has occurred expands to strongly press the heat insulating sheet, and thus if the battery cell is crushed in this state, the amount of air in the void decreases, resulting in a decrease in heat insulating properties.
The inorganic particles may also be inorganic hollow particles or inorganic foam particles. The above power supply device is characterized in that the inorganic hollow particles and the inorganic foam particles filled in the gaps of the inorganic fibers can increase the compressive strength, and therefore, the thermal insulation properties can be prevented from being lowered by the pressurization of the battery cell expanded by thermal runaway, and in addition, the inorganic particles are in a hollow or foamed state, and therefore, the thermal insulation properties can be further improved by the air contained in the inorganic particles themselves, and the induction of thermal runaway can be more effectively prevented.
The heat insulating sheet 2 may be a laminated sheet 5 in which a protective sheet 4 is laminated on the surface of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X. In the above power supply device, since the protective sheet is laminated on the surface, the surface can be made smoother by the protective sheet than by the sheet in which the fibers are gathered, and therefore the heat insulating sheet can be reliably adhered to the surface of the battery cell by the protective sheet, and the relative positional displacement between the heat insulating sheet and the battery cell can be prevented. In particular, by laminating protective sheets on both surfaces, the feature of preventing the inorganic fibers, inorganic particles, and the like from falling off can be realized.
The protective sheet 4 may also be a thermoplastic resin. In the above power supply device, since the protective sheet of thermoplastic resin is laminated on the surface, the surface can be made smooth by the protective sheet, and in addition, the protective sheet of thermoplastic resin is melted by heat generated from the battery cell that has undergone thermal runaway, and the heat of melting is utilized to absorb the heat energy of the battery cell, thereby improving the heat resistance substantially. Therefore, the heat insulating sheet can realize particularly excellent heat insulating characteristics, and can more effectively prevent the induction of thermal runaway of the battery.
The protective sheet 4 may be a plastic sheet, woven fabric, or nonwoven fabric. The protective sheet 4 may be bonded to the lamination surface 11A of the battery cell 1 via the double-sided adhesive tape 3. In the present specification, the term "bonding" is used in a broad sense including adhesion.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments described below are examples for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention is not particularly limited to the embodiments described below. In addition, the members described in the claims are not limited to the members of the embodiments in any way. In particular, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements of the constituent members described in the embodiments, and the like are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to these examples unless otherwise specified, but are merely illustrative examples. In addition, the sizes, positional relationships, and the like of the members shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity of description. In the following description, the same names and reference numerals denote the same or substantially the same members, and detailed description thereof is appropriately omitted. In addition, each element constituting the present invention may be configured such that a plurality of elements are constituted by the same member and one member is used as a plurality of elements, or conversely, a function of one member may be shared by a plurality of members.
Fig. 1 to 3 show a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Among these drawings, fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the power supply device, fig. 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the power supply device of fig. 1, and fig. 3 shows an exploded perspective view showing a laminated structure of a battery cell and a heat insulating sheet. This power supply device 100 is mainly used for a power supply that is mounted in an electric vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle and supplies electric power to a traveling motor of the vehicle to travel the vehicle. However, the power supply device of the present invention can be used for electric vehicles other than hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, and can also be used for applications requiring a large output other than electric vehicles, for example, as a power supply for an electric storage device.
The power supply device 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3 includes a plurality of rectangular battery cells 1, a fixing member 6 that fixes a battery stack 9 in which the plurality of battery cells 1 are stacked in a stacked state, and a heat insulating sheet 2 that insulates adjacent battery cells 1 with heat interposed between stacked surfaces 11A of the battery cells 1. In the power supply device 100 shown in the figure, a battery stack 9 is formed by stacking adjacent battery cells 1 with a heat insulating sheet 2 interposed therebetween, and the battery stack 9 is fastened with a fixing member 6 to form a battery block 10. In the power supply device 100, the battery block 10 is mounted on a cooling plate, not shown, so that each battery cell 1 can be forcibly cooled by the cooling plate.
(Battery cell 1)
As shown in fig. 3, the outer case 11 constituting the outer shape of the battery cell 1 is formed in a rectangular shape having a width larger than a thickness thereof, that is, a thickness smaller than the width thereof. In the rectangular battery cell 1, the opening of the bottomed outer can 11x of the outer case 11 is closed with a sealing plate 11 a. Here, the battery cell 1 in which the outer shape of the exterior case 11 is formed in a rectangular shape includes: a bottom surface 11D which is a bottom surface of the outer can 11x having a bottom; a laminated surface 11A which is an opposing surface of the battery cells 1 laminated to each other and which extends in the width direction; side surfaces 11B which constitute both side surfaces of the battery stack 9 and extend in the thickness direction of the battery cell 1; and a top surface 11C formed by a sealing plate 11a that seals the opening of the outer can 11 x. A plurality of prismatic battery cells 1 are stacked in the thickness direction to constitute a battery stack 9.
In the present specification, the vertical direction of the battery cell 1 is the direction shown in the drawings, that is, the bottom side of the outer can 11x is the downward direction, and the sealing plate 11a side is the upward direction.
The battery cell 1 is a lithium ion battery. However, the battery cell 1 may be a rechargeable secondary battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a nickel cadmium battery. A power supply device using a lithium ion secondary battery for the battery cell 1 has an advantage that a charge capacity can be increased with respect to the volume and mass of the entire battery cell.
The battery cell 1 is provided with positive and negative electrode terminals 11b at both ends of a sealing plate 11a that seals the outer can 11x, and a safety valve 11c between the pair of electrode terminals 11 b. The safety valve 11c is configured to be opened when the internal pressure of the outer tank 11x increases to a predetermined value or more, and to be able to release the gas inside. In the battery cell 1, the internal pressure of the outer can 11x can be stopped from increasing by opening the safety valve 11 c.
Here, the outer can of the battery cell 1 is made of metal. Therefore, in order to prevent short circuits caused by contact between the outer cases of the adjacent battery cells 1, the insulating sheet 2 having insulating properties is interposed between the lamination surfaces 11A of the battery cells 1. In this manner, the outer can of the battery cell 1 in which the insulating heat insulating sheet 2 is laminated so as to insulate can be made of metal such as aluminum.
(fixing member 6)
A battery stack 9 in which a plurality of battery cells 1 are stacked is fastened in the stacking direction via a fastening member 6 to form a battery block 10. In the example of the battery block 10 of fig. 1, 18 battery cells 1 are stacked. The fixing member 6 has a pair of end plates 7 sandwiching the cell laminate 9 from both end surfaces, and a tightening strip 8 connected to the end plates 7. As shown in the exploded perspective view of fig. 2, the battery stack 9 is stacked with the heat insulating sheet 2 interposed between the stacking surfaces 11A of the adjacent battery cells 1. However, the fixing member is not necessarily limited to the end plate 7 and the tightening strip 8. The fixing member may employ any other configuration capable of fastening the cell stack in the stacking direction.
(end plate 7)
As shown in fig. 2, the end plates 7 are disposed at both ends of the cell block 10 and outside the end separators 14. The end plates 7 are formed in a rectangular shape having substantially the same shape and size as the outer shape of the battery cell 1, and sandwich the stacked battery stack 9 from both end surfaces. The end plate 7 is made entirely of metal. The end plate 7 made of metal can achieve excellent strength and durability. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pair of end plates 7 disposed at both ends of the cell block 10 are fastened by the pair of tie-down bars 8 disposed on both side surfaces of the cell laminate 9.
(tightening strip 8)
The tightening bars 8 are fixed to the end plates 7 disposed on both end surfaces of the cell stack 9, and the cell stack 9 is tightened in the stacking direction by the end plates 7. The tightening strip 8 is a metal plate having a predetermined width and a predetermined thickness along the surface of the cell stack 9. The tightening strip 8 may be made of a metal plate such as iron, and is preferably made of a steel plate. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a binding bar 8 made of a metal plate is disposed along a side surface of the cell stack 9, and both ends thereof are fixed to the pair of end plates 7 to fasten the cell stack 9 in the stacking direction.
(Heat insulation sheet 2)
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the heat insulating sheet 2 is sandwiched between the lamination surfaces 11A of the battery cells 1 to insulate the adjacent battery cells 1 from heat. The heat insulating sheet 2 is an inorganic fiber sheet 2X in which inorganic fibers are three-dimensionally and nondirectionally gathered and fine voids are provided between the inorganic fibers. The inorganic fibers are fibers made of inorganic materials and have excellent heat insulating properties. For example, magnesium silicate (sepiolite), rock wool, ceramic fiber, glass fiber, potassium titanate fiber, calcium silicate, or the like can be used alone or in combination with a plurality of types of fibers. Magnesium silicate (sepiolite) is a magnesium silicate having the same component as talc, but has a molecular structure different from talc, has extremely small fine pores, and exhibits excellent heat insulation properties, and has countless fine fibers on the surface, such as beaten pulp, and therefore can be wet-kneaded without using a binder to form a sheet, and magnesium silicate is suitable for use as an inorganic fiber. In addition, since rockwool is a non-combustible material that contains silica and calcium oxide as main components and exhibits excellent heat insulation and heat insulation properties, and is mass-produced at low cost, the raw material cost can be reduced.
The heat insulating sheet 2 is formed into a sheet-like inorganic fiber sheet 2X by three-dimensionally and nondirectionally aggregating inorganic fibers by a wet mixing method. The heat insulating sheet 2 is preferably produced by adding a thermoplastic resin, inorganic particles, or the like to inorganic fibers. As the thermoplastic resin to be added to the inorganic fiber sheet 2X, a plastic having a heat-resistant temperature of 200 ℃ or higher can be used, but an aramid resin having a high heat-resistant temperature is preferable, and other most thermoplastic resins can be used. Since the battery cell having thermal runaway generates heat to a high temperature of 400 ℃ or higher, most of the thermoplastic resin added to the inorganic fiber sheet 2X is melted, and the heat insulating sheet 2 is forcibly cooled by the heat of melting. Since the thermoplastic resin added to the inorganic fiber sheet 2X is melted by the battery cell 1 which is thermally runaway and generates heat to an abnormally high temperature and the heat insulation property of the heat insulation sheet 2 can be improved by forced cooling by the heat of melting, the amount of addition can be increased to improve the cooling effect by the heat of melting, but the porosity of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X is decreased and the heat insulation property by air is decreased when the amount of addition is increased, and therefore, the amount of addition of the thermoplastic resin is 30% by weight or less, preferably 20% by weight or less, and more preferably about 10% by weight.
As the inorganic particles to be added to the inorganic fiber sheet 2X, particles of an inorganic material such as silica or alumina can be used, but inorganic hollow particles such as volcanic ash balls or fine particles obtained by pulverizing inorganic foams into particles are preferable. The heat insulating sheet 2 in which porous silica particles such as volcanic ash balls are used as the inorganic hollow particles and the gaps between the inorganic fibers are filled with the inorganic hollow particles can realize particularly excellent heat insulating characteristics. In the heat insulating sheet 2, pozzolan balls having a particle size of several μm to several hundred μm are used for the porous silica particles. The volcanic ash ball is made of silicon dioxide (SiO)2) The volcanic ash balls, which are mainly composed of volcanic ash, are produced by rapidly heating the volcanic ash at 1000 ℃ to foam the volcanic ash, and thus have extremely excellent heat resistance, and are fine particles having air bubbles, and exhibit excellent heat insulation characteristics having a thermal conductivity of about 0.06W/mk to 0.08W/mk.Therefore, the heat insulating sheet 2 containing the volcanic ash balls can maintain excellent heat insulating characteristics even when the battery cell 1 is heated to a high temperature due to the excellent heat resistance of the volcanic ash balls contained therein, and can effectively block the thermal energy of the battery cell 1 that generates heat to a high temperature due to thermal runaway, thereby effectively preventing the induction of thermal runaway in the adjacent battery cells 1. The heat insulating sheet 2 is produced by filling the gaps between porous substrates in which inorganic fibers are three-dimensionally aggregated with porous silica particles. The inorganic fiber sheet 2X can improve the heat insulating property by adding inorganic hollow particles or the like, but if it is too large, the strength is lowered, and therefore the amount of addition is, for example, 30% by weight or less, preferably 20% by weight or less, and more preferably about 10% by weight or less.
The thermoplastic resin and the inorganic particles are added to the mixed pulp in the step of producing the inorganic fiber sheet 2X by the wet mixing method. The thermoplastic resin is added to the slurry for papermaking in the state of fibers. The thermoplastic resin added to the slurry for papermaking in the form of fibers can be processed into a sheet form by wet-type papermaking, and then heated and pressurized to be melted, thereby bonding the inorganic fibers at the intersections.
The inorganic fiber sheet 2X is produced by a wet mixing method, in which inorganic fibers are three-dimensionally and nondirectionally aggregated and additives such as inorganic particles are filled in gaps between the fibers to be processed into a sheet shape. In the slurry for papermaking, inorganic fibers, additives and the like are uniformly dispersed in a liquid, and then the final concentration is adjusted to 0.01 to 0.5% by mass by a step such as screen filtration (removal of foreign matter, lumps and the like). The slurry for mixing and papermaking in which the additive is suspended in the inorganic fiber is processed into a sheet form by wet mixing and papermaking, and then dried, and then hot pressed to form the inorganic fiber sheet 2X having a predetermined thickness.
The inorganic fiber sheet 2X produced into a sheet shape by wet mixing and then hot pressing is preferably used by laminating a protective sheet 4 on the surface. The protective sheet 4 is made of a plastic sheet made of a thermoplastic resin, or woven or nonwoven fabric, preferably a plastic sheet. The protective sheet 4 is bonded to the surface of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X with an adhesive. However, the inorganic fiber sheet 2X produced by adding a thermoplastic resin and wet-blending may be produced by laminating a thermoplastic resin plastic sheet, woven fabric, or nonwoven fabric on the surface thereof and heat-fusing the protective sheet 4 to the inorganic fiber sheet 2X by applying heat and pressure from both sides.
The heat insulating sheet 2 having the protective sheet 4 joined to the surface thereof can reinforce the surface of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X with the protective sheet 4. Therefore, the inorganic fiber sheet 2X can be produced by wet mixing without adding a thermoplastic resin for binding the inorganic fibers, and the heat insulating sheet 2 having sufficient strength can be formed by bonding the protective sheet 4 to the surface of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X. In addition, the inorganic fiber sheet 2X in which inorganic particles, granular thermoplastic resin, or the like are added to the gaps between the inorganic fibers can be manufactured without using a binder or with a reduced amount of the binder, and the protective sheet 4 is bonded to the surface thereof to prevent the additives such as the inorganic particles from leaking to the outside. However, by manufacturing the inorganic fiber sheet 2X by bonding the intersections of the inorganic fibers with a thermoplastic resin and bonding the protective sheet 4 to the surface of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X, a stronger heat insulating sheet 2 can be formed.
The heat insulating sheet 2 shown in fig. 3 is a laminated sheet 5 in which protective sheets 4 are laminated and bonded to both surfaces of an inorganic fiber sheet 2X. The protective sheet 4 is a plastic sheet, woven fabric, or nonwoven fabric of thermoplastic resin. The heat insulating sheet 2 can prevent leakage of the inorganic hollow particles by the protective sheets 4 bonded to both surfaces, and the heat insulating sheet 2 can be brought into close contact with the battery cell 1 by bonding the protective sheets 4 to the lamination surface 11A of the battery cell 1 with the double-sided adhesive tape 3 or the like. The protective sheet 4 may be bonded to the stacking surface 11A of the battery cell 1 not by the double-sided adhesive tape 3 but by an adhesive or a bonding agent.
In the battery block 10 in which the protective sheets 4 are bonded to both surfaces of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X and the protective sheets 4 are bonded to the lamination surfaces 11A of the adjacent battery cells 1, it is possible to suppress relative positional displacement of the adjacent battery cells 1 via the heat insulating sheet 2, that is, to suppress displacement of the battery cells 1, and to improve rigidity as the battery block 10. In particular, since the inorganic fiber sheet 2X in which the intersections of the inorganic fibers are not bonded with the thermoplastic resin does not have sufficient strength and is a material having high brittleness, it is difficult to restrict the displacement of the battery cell 1, but the protective sheets 4 can be bonded to both surfaces thereof to prevent this problem.
When the heat insulating sheet 2, which has low rigidity and is held in a flat shape and weak in shape retention, is used while being sandwiched between the battery cells 1, there is a possibility that a positional shift or wrinkles may occur, resulting in a significant reduction in operability, but in the heat insulating sheet 2, the problem can be solved by providing a shape retaining sheet having shape retention higher in rigidity than the inorganic fiber sheet 2X as the protective sheet 4 laminated and bonded to the surface of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X. The heat insulating sheet obtained by bonding the shape retaining sheet to the surface of the inorganic fiber sheet has a high shape retaining force, and the shape retaining sheet is bonded to the laminated surface of the battery cell and assembled to the laminated surface of the battery cell, thereby making it possible to increase the rigidity of the battery block. In addition, by assembling the heat insulating sheet after the heat insulating sheet is attached to the battery cells, it is possible to prevent the heat insulating sheet from being positionally displaced or wrinkled with respect to the battery cells when the plurality of battery cells are assembled to form the battery block. In addition, in the heat insulating sheet 2, since the shape retaining sheets having higher rigidity than the inorganic fiber sheets and having shape retaining property are laminated to form the laminated sheet, the rigidity can be improved without impairing the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating sheet, and thus the workability can be further improved.
The shape retaining sheet is, for example, a plastic sheet of thermoplastic resin. Since the shape retaining property of the plastic sheet can be adjusted based on the thickness, a rigid plastic sheet having a thickness of, for example, 0.1mm is used as the shape retaining sheet. In the heat insulating sheet 2, the shape retaining sheets can be bonded to both surfaces of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X to improve the shape retaining property. However, the shape-retaining sheet may be bonded to only one side of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X.
Further, the shape-retaining sheet does not need to have shape-retaining properties higher in rigidity than the inorganic fiber sheet. The shape retaining sheet of the above embodiment also has a function of flattening the surface of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X. In the case of using a suction type robot, although it is difficult to perform suction, the inorganic fiber sheet alone can be used as a suction type robot by improving the smoothness of the surface thereof with the shape retaining sheet. Further, since the shape retaining sheet prevents the dust of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X from falling off, the cleaning frequency of the robot can be suppressed. The above can be achieved by a structure in which the shape retaining sheet is bonded to only one side surface of the inorganic fiber sheet 2X.
Further, the heat insulating sheet 2 has a surface that is subjected to water repellent treatment to reduce moisture absorption, thereby preventing a problem such as leakage of electricity caused by adhesion of condensed water to the surface. The heat insulating sheet 2 is provided with a bent groove along the ridge line 11r of the outer case 11 of the battery cell 1, and can be bent along the ridge line 11r of the battery cell 1 to be reliably brought into close contact with the battery cell. The heat insulating sheet 2 also has a feature that a plurality of inorganic fiber sheets 2X can be stacked and thickened to further improve the heat insulating property. The plurality of inorganic fiber sheets 2X may be bonded by an adhesive or a binder, or may be bonded by partially melting fibers of the porous base material.
The heat insulating sheet 2 may have a structure shown in fig. 4 and 5. The heat insulating sheet 2 shown in these figures is provided with openings 2a in an inorganic fiber sheet 2X. The inorganic fiber sheet 2X shown in fig. 4 has openings 2a in 4 regions divided vertically and horizontally when viewed from the front. The entire inorganic fiber sheet 2X is held in a sheet shape by the outer peripheral edge portion 2b of a quadrangular shape and the connecting portions 2c extending vertically and horizontally at the central portion, and 4 openings 2a are provided in the inorganic fiber sheet 2X. The inorganic fiber sheet 2X shown in fig. 5 has a large number of openings 2a throughout the entire surface. The inorganic fiber sheet 2X is held in a sheet shape as a whole by a quadrangular outer peripheral edge portion 2b and a plurality of rows of connecting portions 2c extending in a grid shape in a longitudinal and transverse direction at a central portion, and a plurality of openings 2a are provided in the inorganic fiber sheet 2X in a state of being uniformly dispersed in a longitudinal and transverse direction. However, the number, shape, size, arrangement, and the like of the openings 2a provided in the inorganic fiber sheet 2X in the heat insulating sheet 2 are not limited to the above, and various modifications are possible.
In the heat insulating sheet 2 of fig. 4 and 5, protective sheets 4 are laminated on both surfaces of an inorganic fiber sheet 2X having openings 2a to form a laminated sheet 5, and an air layer is formed inside the laminated sheet by the openings 2 a. As described above, the heat insulating sheet 2 having the openings 2a in the inorganic fiber sheet 2X has a feature that an air layer formed by the openings 2a can be formed between the stacked battery cells 1 and that the heat insulating property can be exhibited by the air layer. Further, the openings 2a are provided in the inorganic fiber sheet 2X, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced and the weight can be reduced. In particular, since the heat insulating sheet is laminated between the plurality of battery cells 1 laminated with each other, the number of sheets used in the power supply device in which the plurality of battery cells 1 are laminated is large. Therefore, by providing the openings 2a in the respective inorganic fiber sheets 2X, the manufacturing cost and weight of the entire power supply device can be effectively reduced.
In the heat insulating sheet 2 shown in fig. 6, the inorganic fiber sheet 2X is divided into a plurality of divided sheets 2X and 2 y. The inorganic fiber sheet 2X shown in the figure is cut in the vertical direction in the figure, and is divided into 3 divided sheets 2X and 2y including divided sheets 2X at both side portions and divided sheet 2y at the central portion. In the heat insulating sheet 2 in the figure, protective sheets 4 are laminated on both surfaces in a state where the divided sheets are separated from each other so that the divided sheets 2x on both sides face both sides of the laminated surface 11A of the battery cell 1 and the divided sheet 2y in the center part faces the left and right center of the battery cell 1, thereby forming a laminated sheet 5. In the heat insulating sheet 2, the plurality of divided sheets 2x and 2y are arranged to be separated from each other, whereby an air layer is formed between the adjacent divided sheets 2x and 2y, and the battery cells 1 can be insulated from each other by the air layer. Further, the use of a small number of inorganic fiber sheets 2X also has a feature that the manufacturing cost and weight of the entire power supply device can be reduced. Further, in the heat insulating sheet 2, since the air layer formed between the divided sheets 2x and 2y forms the ventilation gaps penetrating vertically between the stacked battery cells 1, the battery cells 1 can be cooled by natural convection by passing air vertically between the battery cells 1 through the ventilation gaps.
The above-described heat insulating sheet 2 is sandwiched between the stacked surfaces 11A of the stacked battery cells 1 in the following structure to insulate the adjacent battery cells 1 from heat. The heat insulating sheet 2 shown in fig. 3 to 6 is a plate-shaped laminated sheet 5 in which protective sheets 4 are laminated on both surfaces of an inorganic fiber sheet 2X. The overall outer shape of the heat insulating sheet 2 is a quadrangular shape substantially equal to or slightly smaller than the outer shape of the stacking surface 11A of the quadrangular battery cell 1. The heat insulating sheet 2 of this shape is sandwiched between the adjacent battery cells 1 to insulate the adjacent battery cells 1 from each other.
The heat insulating sheet 2 disposed between the adjacent battery cells 1 is disposed at a fixed position on the lamination surface 11A of the battery cells 1 via the double-sided adhesive tape 3. The heat insulating sheet 2 shown in fig. 3 is bonded to the lamination surface 11A of the battery cell 1 via two rows of double-sided adhesive tapes 3. In fig. 3, two rows of double-sided adhesive tapes 3 are arranged so as to be separated in the lateral width direction of the lamination surface 11A of the battery cell 1. However, the two rows of double-sided adhesive tapes 3 may be disposed apart from each other in the vertical direction of the lamination surface 11A. In the structure in which the heat insulating sheet 2 is bonded by the two rows of the double-sided adhesive tapes 3 in this manner, the heat insulating sheet 2 is bonded in a stretched state, so that the heat insulating sheet 2 can be arranged on the lamination surface 11A of the battery cell 1 in a tightly contacted state while preventing wrinkles from being generated in the heat insulating sheet 2. The heat insulating sheet 2 may be bonded to the lamination surface 11A of the battery cell 1 with 3 rows or more of the double-sided adhesive tape 3. However, the heat insulating sheet 2 may be bonded not by the double-sided adhesive tape 3 but by an adhesive or a bonding agent.
Fig. 7 to 9 show an example of the heat insulating sheet 2 covering the outer peripheral surface of the outer case 11 of the battery cell 1. The heat insulating sheet 2 covers the surface of the outer case 11 of the battery cell 1 other than the top surface 11C to insulate heat. The heat insulating sheet 2 preferably covers the entire surfaces of the stacked surface 11A, the side surface 11B, and the bottom surface 11D. However, the heat insulating sheet 2 may cover the entire bottom surface 11D, the entire stacked surface 11A, or the entire stacked surfaces 11A and side surfaces 11B.
The heat insulating sheet 2 shown in the expanded view of fig. 7 is folded along the ridge line 11r of the outer case 11 of the battery cell 1 to cover the outer case 11. In fig. 7, the boundary lines L1, L2, L3 and the bend line S1 which are bend lines to be folded inward are shown by a one-dot chain line, the boundary line L4 which is a bend line to be folded outward is shown by a two-dot chain line, and the cut line C1 which is cut is shown by a solid line. The bending line of the inward or outward fold is provided with a bending groove for easy bending. Although not shown, the folded groove is provided at the folded portion folded along the ridge line 11r of the outer shell 11 so as to have a triangular shape when viewed in cross section, whereby the heat insulating sheet 2 can be folded at a right angle at the folded portion to be covered with a good appearance. The heat insulating sheet 2 bent along the outer case 11 of the battery cell 1 is formed into a bag shape by bonding the overlapping portion so as to cover the surface of the outer case 11.
The overall external shape of the heat insulating sheet 2 shown in the expanded view of fig. 7 is a rectangular shape, and is divided into a plurality of regions by a plurality of intersecting boundary lines L1, L2, and L3. The heat insulating sheet 2 shown in fig. 7 is divided into a laminated surface coating portion 21 that coats the laminated surface 11A of the outer can 11x, a bottom surface coating portion 22 that coats the bottom surface 11D of the outer can 11x, and a side surface coating portion 23 that coats the side surface 11B of the outer can 11 x. The heat insulating sheet 2 has a shape in which the bottom surface covering portion 22 is provided between the pair of laminated surface covering portions 21 and the side surface covering portions 23 protrude from both sides of the continuous laminated surface covering portion 21 and bottom surface covering portion 22. The side surface covering portion 23 includes a 1 st side surface covering portion 23A provided on both sides of the laminated surface covering portion 21 and protruding outward from the side edge of the laminated surface covering portion 21, and a 2 nd side surface covering portion 23B provided on both sides of the bottom surface covering portion 22 and protruding outward from the side edge of the bottom surface covering portion 22.
As shown in the developed view of fig. 7, the 1 st side cover 23A and the 2 nd side cover 23B are not cut apart at their boundaries but are continuous. In the heat insulating sheet 2 shown in the figure, the 2 nd side surface covering portion 23B is provided with a bend line S1 extending obliquely from the intersection K of the dividing line L4 and the dividing line L2, and a cut line C1 is provided in the outward direction from the middle portion of the bend line S1, the dividing line L4 is the dividing line between the 1 st side surface covering portion 23A and the 2 nd side surface covering portion 23B, and the dividing line L2 is the dividing line between the bottom surface covering portion 22 and the 2 nd side surface covering portion 23B. The angle of the bend line S1 extending from the intersection point K in the thermal insulating sheet 2 shown in the figure is about 45 degrees.
In the heat insulating sheet 2 of fig. 7, as shown in fig. 8, the bottom surface 11D of the battery cell 1 is placed on the bottom surface covering portion 22, and as shown in fig. 9, the boundary L1 between the bottom surface covering portion 22 and the stacked surface covering portion 21 is folded inward, so that the bottom surface 11D of the outer can 11x is covered with the bottom surface covering portion 22 and the stacked surface 11A of the outer can 11x is covered with the stacked surface covering portion 21. Furthermore, a boundary line L3 between the 1 st side surface covering portion 23A and the laminated surface covering portion 21 is folded inward, a boundary line L4 between the 1 st side surface covering portion 23A and the 2 nd side surface covering portion 23B is folded outward, and a folding line S1 is folded inward in the 2 nd side surface covering portion 23B, so that one 1 st side surface covering portion 23A is folded onto the side surface 11B of the outer can 11 x. Similarly, adjacent 1 st side surface covering portions 23A are folded over side surface 11B of outer can 11x, and adjacent 1 st side surface covering portions 23A are overlapped and bonded to each other at side surface 11B of outer can 11 x. Further, the coupling portion 24 formed by folding the 2 nd side surface covering portion 23B and the bottom surface covering portion 22 at the boundary L2 therebetween and folding the 2 nd side surface covering portion 23B is bonded in a laminated state to the 1 st side surface covering portion 23A to be joined, and the entire surface of the side surface 11B of the outer can 11x is covered with the 1 st side surface covering portion 23A and the 2 nd side surface covering portion 23B.
As described above, the outer peripheral surface of the exterior case 11 other than the top surface 11C is covered with the laminated surface covering portion 21, the bottom surface covering portion 22, and the side surface covering portion 23 of the heat insulating sheet 2. The laminated surface covering portion 21, the bottom surface covering portion 22, and the side surface covering portion 23 are bonded to the surface of the outer case of the battery cell by a double-sided adhesive tape or by an adhesive or a bonding agent. The laminated surface covering portion 21, the bottom surface covering portion 22, and the side surface covering portion 23 may all be bonded to the outer case 11 of the battery cell 1 with respect to the heat insulating sheet 2, but may be partially bonded within a range in which the heat insulating sheet 2 covering the outer case 11 does not come off.
The above power supply device is most suitable for a power supply device for a vehicle that supplies electric power to a motor that runs an electric vehicle. As an electric vehicle equipped with a power supply device, an electric vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle that runs by both an engine and a motor, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, or an electric vehicle that runs by only a motor can be used, and the power supply device can be used as a power supply of the electric vehicle.
(Power supply device for hybrid vehicle)
Fig. 10 shows an example of a power supply device mounted on a hybrid vehicle that travels by both an engine and a motor. The vehicle HV having the power supply device mounted thereon shown in this figure includes a vehicle main body 90, an engine 96 and a traveling motor 93 for causing the vehicle main body 90 to travel, a power supply device 100 for supplying electric power to the motor 93, a generator 94 for charging a battery of the power supply device 100, and wheels 97 driven by the motor 93 and the engine 96 to cause the vehicle main body 90 to travel. The power supply device 100 is connected to the motor 93 and the generator 94 via a DC/AC inverter 95. The vehicle HV travels by both the motor 93 and the engine 96 while charging and discharging the battery of the power supply device 100. The electric motor 93 is driven to run the vehicle in a region where the engine efficiency is low, for example, at the time of acceleration or at the time of low-speed running. The motor 93 is driven by electric power supplied from the power supply device 100. The generator 94 is driven by the engine 96 or by regenerative braking when braking the vehicle, thereby charging the battery of the power supply device 100.
(Power supply device for electric vehicle)
Fig. 11 shows an example of a power supply device mounted on an electric vehicle that travels only by a motor. A vehicle EV having a power supply device mounted thereon shown in this figure includes a vehicle main body 90, a traveling motor 93 for traveling the vehicle main body 90, a power supply device 100 for supplying electric power to the motor 93, a generator 94 for charging a battery of the power supply device 100, and wheels 97 driven by the motor 93 to travel the vehicle main body 90. The motor 93 is driven by electric power supplied from the power supply device 100. The generator 94 is driven by energy at the time of regenerative braking of the vehicle EV to charge the battery of the power supply device 100.
(Power supply device for electric storage)
The present invention is not particularly limited to the use of the power supply device mounted on the electric vehicle, and can be used for all purposes such as a power supply device for a power storage device that stores natural energy such as solar power generation and wind power generation, or a power supply device for a power storage device that stores midnight electric power. For example, the present invention can be used as a power supply for home use and factory use, for example, a power supply system that is charged by solar energy, midnight power, or the like and discharges power when necessary, a power supply for a street lamp that charges solar energy in the daytime and discharges power at night, a backup power supply for a traffic signal lamp that is driven when power is off, or the like. Fig. 12 shows such an example. In addition, an example of using the power storage device shown in fig. 12 as the power storage device is described, in which the power storage device 80 is constructed as a large-capacity and high-output power storage device in which a large number of power supply devices are connected in series or in parallel and a necessary control circuit is added to obtain desired electric power.
In power storage device 80 shown in fig. 12, a plurality of power supply devices 100 are connected in a cell shape to constitute a power supply unit 82. In each power supply device 100, a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and/or in parallel. Each power supply device 100 is controlled by the power supply controller 84. In power storage device 80, load LD is driven after power supply unit 82 is charged by charging power supply CP. The electrical storage device 80 thus has a charge mode and a discharge mode. Load LD and charging power supply CP are connected to power storage device 80 via discharge switch DS and charging switch CS, respectively. The on/off of the discharge switch DS and the charge switch CS is switched by the power controller 84 of the electrical storage device 80. In the charging mode, power supply controller 84 switches charging switch CS ON (ON) and discharging switch DS OFF (OFF), and allows charging of power storage device 80 from charging power supply CP. When the charging is completed and the battery becomes full or in a state where the capacity is charged to a predetermined value or more, the power supply controller 84 switches the charging switch CS to OFF (OFF) and the discharging switch DS to ON (ON) in response to a request from the load LD to switch to the discharging mode, and allows the discharging from the power storage device 80 to the load LD. If necessary, power supply to load LD and charging to power storage device 80 may be performed simultaneously with charging switch CS being turned ON (ON) and discharging switch DS being turned ON (ON).
A load LD driven by power storage device 80 is connected to power storage device 80 via a discharge switch DS. In the discharge mode of power storage device 80, power supply controller 84 switches discharge switch DS ON (ON), connects power storage device 80 to load LD, and drives load LD with electric power from power storage device 80. The discharge switch DS can use a switching element such as an FET. The ON/OFF (ON/OFF) of the discharge switch DS is controlled by the power supply controller 84 of the electrical storage device 80. In addition, the power controller 84 has a communication interface for communicating with an external device. In the example of fig. 12, the host device HT is connected to the UART, RS-232C, or other existing communication protocol. In addition, a user interface for a user to operate may be provided in the power supply system as needed.
Each power supply device 100 has a signal terminal and a power supply terminal. The signal terminals include an input-output terminal DI, an abnormal-output terminal DA, and a connection terminal DO. The input/output terminal DI is a terminal for inputting/outputting signals from the other power supply device 100 and the power supply controller 84, and the connection terminal DO is a terminal for inputting/outputting signals to/from the other power supply device 100. The abnormal output terminal DA is a terminal for outputting an abnormal condition of the power supply device 100 to the outside. The power supply terminal is a terminal for connecting the power supply devices 100 in series and parallel with each other. In addition, the power supply units 82 are connected to the output line OL via the parallel connection switch 85 so as to be connected in parallel with each other.
Example 1
The heat insulating sheet 2 used in the above power supply device was produced as follows.
A heat insulating sheet 2 was produced by suspending 10% by weight of glass fibers and 10% by weight of nylon fibers in 80% by weight of magnesium silicate (sepiolite) and dispersing the same to form a slurry for mixing, wet mixing and forming the slurry into a sheet, drying the sheet, and then hot pressing the dried sheet to produce an inorganic fiber sheet 2X having a thickness of 0.7mm and a weight of 5g, and attaching polyethylene films having a thickness of 50 μm to both surfaces of the obtained inorganic fiber sheet 2X.
The power supply device in which the heat insulating sheet 2 is cut into the outer shape of the lamination surface 11A of the battery cell 1 and sandwiched between the lamination surfaces 11A of the adjacent battery cells 1 to be a battery block 10 was manufactured in a trial manner, and whether or not the adjacent battery cells 1 are thermally runaway was tested by forcibly causing the thermal runaway of one battery cell 1, and it was found that the thermal runaway of the adjacent battery cells in which the thermal runaway was caused was prevented by the battery block 10 in which the heat insulating sheet 2 is sandwiched between the lamination surfaces 11A.
The battery cell 1 used herein was a prismatic battery cell having a lamination surface 11A with an outer shape of 9.0cm × 15.0cm and a thickness of 2.6 cm.
Example 2
A heat insulating sheet was produced by the method of example 1 except that the plastic sheets were not laminated on both surfaces. In the same test method as in example 1, the heat insulating sheet 2 also prevented thermal runaway of the adjacent battery cell in which thermal runaway occurred.
Comparative example
In a battery block using a polyethylene heat insulating sheet having a thickness of 1mm, when a specific battery cell is thermally runaway, adjacent battery cells are thermally runaway.
Industrial applicability
The power supply device of the present invention can be suitably used as a power supply device for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, an electric vehicle, or the like, which can switch between an EV running mode and an HEV running mode. Further, the present invention can be suitably used for applications such as a backup power supply which can be mounted on a rack of a computer server, a backup power supply for a wireless base station such as a mobile phone, a power storage power supply for home use and factory use, a power storage device in which a solar cell is combined with a power supply for a street lamp, a backup power supply for a traffic light, and the like.
Description of the reference numerals
100. A power supply device; 1. a battery cell; 2. a heat insulating sheet; 2X, inorganic fiber pieces; 2a, an opening; 2b, an outer peripheral edge portion; 2c, a connecting part; 2x, 2y, dividing into pieces; 3. a double-sided adhesive tape; 4. a protective sheet; 5. a laminate sheet; 6. a fixing member; 7. an end plate; 8. tightening the strip; 9. a battery laminate; 10. a battery block; 11. an outer shell; 11A, a lamination surface; 11B, side faces; 11C, a top surface; 11D, a bottom surface; 11a, a sealing plate; 11b, electrode terminals; 11c, a safety valve; 11r, ridge; 11x, outer can; 21. a laminated surface covering part; 22. a bottom surface coating part; 23. a side coating part; 23A, a 1 st side surface coating part; 23B, a 2 nd side coating part; 24. a connecting portion; 80. an electrical storage device; 82. a power supply unit; 84. a power supply controller; 85. a parallel connection switch; 90. a vehicle main body; 93. an electric motor; 94. a generator; 95. a DC/AC inverter; 96. an engine; 97. a wheel; HV, vehicle; EV, vehicle; LD, load; CP, power supply for charging; DS, discharge switch; CS, a charge switch; OL, output line; HT, a host device; DI. An input/output terminal; DA. An abnormal output terminal; DO, connecting terminal; l1, boundary line; l2, boundary line; l3, boundary line; l4, boundary line; s1, bending the line; c1, cutting line; K. the intersection point.

Claims (10)

1. A power supply device having a plurality of rectangular battery cells, a fixing member for fixing the plurality of battery cells in a stacked state, and a heat insulating sheet sandwiched between the stacked surfaces of the battery cells for insulating heat between the adjacent battery cells,
the heat insulating sheet is an inorganic fiber sheet in which inorganic fibers are three-dimensionally and nondirectionally gathered and fine voids are provided between the inorganic fibers.
2. The power supply device according to claim 1,
the heat insulating sheet is an inorganic fiber sheet containing a thermoplastic resin in the gaps between inorganic fibers.
3. The power supply device according to claim 1 or 2,
the heat insulating sheet is an inorganic fiber sheet in which inorganic particles are filled in gaps between inorganic fibers.
4. The power supply device according to claim 3,
the inorganic particles are inorganic hollow particles or inorganic foam particles.
5. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the heat insulating sheet is a laminated sheet in which a protective sheet is laminated on the surface of an inorganic fiber sheet.
6. The power supply device according to claim 5,
the protective sheet is a thermoplastic resin.
7. The power supply device according to claim 5,
the protective sheet is a plastic sheet, woven fabric or non-woven fabric.
8. The power supply device according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
the protective sheet is bonded to the lamination surface of the battery cell by means of a double-sided adhesive tape.
9. An electric vehicle having a power supply device, the electric vehicle having the power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
the vehicle includes the power supply device, a motor for traveling to which electric power is supplied from the power supply device, a vehicle body on which the power supply device and the motor are mounted, and wheels that are driven by the motor to travel on the vehicle body.
10. An electrical storage device having the power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
the power storage device includes the power supply device and a power supply controller that controls charging and discharging of the power supply device,
the control is performed by the power supply controller so that the charging of the battery cell and the charging of the battery cell can be performed by electric power from the outside.
CN201880092111.6A 2018-03-30 2018-11-16 Power supply device, electric vehicle provided with same, and power storage device Pending CN111937226A (en)

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PCT/JP2018/042377 WO2019187313A1 (en) 2018-03-30 2018-11-16 Power supply device, electric vehicle provided with said power supply device, and electricity-storage device

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