CN111933970A - Long-endurance industrial vehicle and fuel cell power system thereof - Google Patents
Long-endurance industrial vehicle and fuel cell power system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a long-endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system, which comprises a control module, a fuel cell module, a hydrogen storage module, an electrical module and an energy storage module, wherein the hydrogen storage module is used for providing hydrogen for the fuel cell module; the hydrogen storage module comprises a hydrogen filling device, a metal hydrogen storage device and a pressure regulating device, wherein the metal hydrogen storage device is an array device consisting of metal hydride hydrogen storage containers, and the metal hydride is an alloy formed by combining hydrogen and metal under the pressure of 3-6 MPa. The hydrogen storage module provided by the invention occupies a small space of an industrial vehicle, can simultaneously realize the functions of hydrogen storage and industrial vehicle counterweight, and does not need additional pressurizing equipment when hydrogen is filled. In addition, the invention also discloses a long-endurance industrial vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a long-endurance industrial vehicle and a fuel cell power system thereof.
Background
Compared with an internal combustion industrial vehicle, the industrial vehicle adopting the fuel cell power system is clean and environment-friendly, does not discharge harmful gas and particles, and has more flexible and stable operation and lower noise; compared with the lead-acid battery industrial vehicle, the vehicle has the advantages of constant output power, better working performance, quick energy charging and higher efficiency. Due to the natural defects of the lead-acid battery, the output power and the power performance of the forklift using the lead-acid battery as power are rapidly reduced along with the consumption of electric energy in operation, so that great operation difficulty is brought to operators, and the working efficiency is reduced to a great extent. When the fuel cell is used for driving, the industrial vehicle can keep constant output power, can continuously run and carry at full speed, and always provides strong power before the industrial vehicle needs to be charged with gas.
Industrial vehicles are used as transportation tools for main material handling in storage logistics and processing and manufacturing industries, generally, the transportation tools are used for storage transportation in indoor logistics, the working radius is usually limited to the interior of a storage base, the operation range is small, and compared with other application fields such as passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles, the industrial vehicles have the inherent characteristics of light body weight, low technical requirements on fuel cell systems and the like, so that the application of the fuel cells on the industrial vehicles becomes the leading-edge field.
The existing fuel cell vehicles mostly adopt high-pressure hydrogen, mainly use a large-capacity light high-pressure gas tank or a traditional steel cylinder to store gaseous hydrogen, have low volume hydrogen storage density and high pressure (the general pressure is over 20 MPa), have potential safety hazards and occupy large structural space of a vehicle body. Meanwhile, the compressed hydrogen also needs to use a pressurizing device, so that the cost and the energy consumption are increased, and the safety risk is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a fuel cell power system of a long-endurance industrial vehicle, and aims to solve the technical problems that an existing fuel cell power system occupies a large vehicle body space and is high in safety risk.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a long-endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system, which includes a control module, a fuel cell module, a hydrogen storage module for providing hydrogen to the fuel cell module, an electrical module for converting an output voltage of the fuel cell module, and an energy storage module for storing electric energy generated by the fuel cell module, wherein the electrical module is further configured to convert the output voltage of the energy storage module; the hydrogen storage module comprises a hydrogen filling device, a metal hydrogen storage device and a pressure regulating device, wherein the metal hydrogen storage device is an array device consisting of metal hydride hydrogen storage containers, and the metal hydride is an alloy formed by combining hydrogen and metal under the pressure of 3-6 MPa.
Preferably, the hydrogen storage module further comprises a water circulation device for dissipating and heating the metal hydrogen storage device.
Preferably, the water circuit circulating device is connected with the heat sink of the fuel cell module through a heat exchanger.
Preferably, the hydrogen filling device comprises a hydrogenation interface, a first filter and a first one-way valve which are connected in sequence, wherein the first filter is used for filtering externally injected hydrogen;
the metal hydrogen storage device comprises at least one hydrogen storage container, a cylinder valve arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the hydrogen storage container and a first pressure sensor arranged on the cylinder valve, wherein the gas inlet of the cylinder valve is connected with the gas outlet of the first one-way valve;
the pressure regulating device comprises a second filter, a second one-way valve, a needle valve and a pressure regulating valve block which are sequentially connected, wherein the air inlet of the second filter is connected with the air outlet of the cylinder valve, and the second filter is used for filtering the hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage container.
Preferably, the hydrogen storage module further comprises a hydrogen gas leakage means for reducing the internal pressure thereof, wherein:
the hydrogen leakage device comprises a first safety valve and a second safety valve, the first safety valve is connected between the cylinder valve and the second filter, and the second safety valve is connected between the pressure regulating valve block and the fuel cell module;
the hydrogen leakage device also comprises flame arresters respectively connected with the gas outlets of the first safety valve and the second safety valve.
Preferably, the fuel cell module includes a fuel cell stack, and an air supply device and a heat dissipation device respectively connected to the fuel cell stack, wherein:
the air supply device comprises an air injection unit and an air discharge unit, the air injection unit comprises a third filter, a flow sensor, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier which are sequentially connected, and the air discharge subunit comprises an electronic back pressure valve connected with an air outlet of the humidifier and a silencer connected with an air outlet of the electronic back pressure valve;
the air supply device further comprises a first temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor arranged at the air inlet end of the fuel cell stack, and a second temperature sensor and a third pressure sensor arranged at the air outlet end of the fuel cell stack;
the heat dissipation device comprises a water pump connected to the liquid outlet end of the fuel cell stack and a radiator connected to the outlet end of the water pump, and the outlet end of the radiator is connected with the liquid inlet end of the fuel cell stack; the heat sink also includes a third temperature sensor and a fourth pressure sensor disposed at a fluid inlet end of the fuel cell stack, and a fourth temperature sensor and a fifth pressure sensor disposed at a fluid outlet end of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the heat sink further comprises a heater connected with the radiator in parallel at the outlet end of the water pump, and the outlet end of the heater is connected with the liquid inlet end of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the fuel cell module further comprises a hydrogen supply device including a purge valve connected to a fuel outlet of the fuel cell stack, a sixth pressure sensor provided at a fuel inlet of the fuel cell stack, and a seventh pressure sensor provided at a fuel outlet of the fuel cell stack;
the fuel cell module also comprises a circulating pump which forms a fuel circulating loop with the fuel cell stack, the air inlet end of the circulating pump is connected with the fuel outlet end of the fuel cell stack, and the outlet end of the circulating pump is connected with the fuel inlet end of the fuel cell stack.
The invention also provides a long-endurance industrial vehicle, which comprises the fuel cell power system described in each embodiment, wherein the fuel cell power system comprises a control module, a fuel cell module, a hydrogen storage module for providing hydrogen to the fuel cell module, an electrical module for converting the output voltage of the fuel cell module, and an energy storage module for storing the electric energy generated by the fuel cell module, and the electrical module is also used for converting the output voltage of the energy storage module; the hydrogen storage module comprises a hydrogen filling device, a metal hydrogen storage device and a pressure regulating device, wherein the metal hydrogen storage device is an array device consisting of metal hydride hydrogen storage containers, and the metal hydride is an alloy formed by combining hydrogen and metal under the pressure of 3-6 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the fuel cell power system provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts metal hydrogen storage, the hydrogen storage density of the metal hydrogen storage per unit volume is very high, but the mass hydrogen storage density is very low, and a hydrogen storage container can be made very small under the same hydrogen storage mass, thereby effectively solving the problem of insufficient use space of fuel cell industrial vehicles. Moreover, because the mass of the metal hydride is large, the volume and the number of the hydrogen storage containers can be flexibly configured according to the counterweight requirement, the cruising requirement and the structural design requirement of the industrial vehicle, so that the hydrogen storage module can simultaneously realize the functions of counterweight and hydrogen storage, and an additional counterweight module does not need to be added to the industrial vehicle. The metal hydride is formed by combining hydrogen and metal under the pressure of 3-6 MPa to form an alloy, the process is a hydrogen filling process, the filling pressure is low, a common industrial hydrogen bottle group can meet the filling requirement, additional pressurizing equipment is not needed, and the cost is reduced. The fuel cell power system provided by the embodiment of the invention solves the problems that the volume of the hydrogen storage module of the fuel cell industrial vehicle is too large, the endurance time is short and an additional balancing weight is needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a long endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power train of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage module of the long endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell module of the long endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system of the present invention;
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and all other embodiments that can be obtained by one skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The traditional fuel cell system for the industrial vehicle mainly uses a high-capacity light high-pressure gas tank or a traditional steel cylinder to store gaseous hydrogen, and has higher mass hydrogen storage density, but the volume hydrogen storage density is low, the occupied space is large, and the arrangement space of other mechanisms of the industrial vehicle is difficult to ensure. Meanwhile, the high-pressure compressed hydrogen gas needs additional pressurizing equipment, so that the cost and the energy consumption are increased, and the compression of the pure hydrogen can also cause the purity of the pure hydrogen to be reduced, so that the service life of the fuel cell stack can be influenced.
Based on this, the present invention proposes a long-endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system, which in one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, comprises a control module 10, a fuel cell module 20, a hydrogen storage module 30 for providing hydrogen to the fuel cell module 20, an electrical module 40 for converting an output voltage of the fuel cell module 20, and an energy storage module 50 for storing electrical energy generated by the fuel cell module 20, the electrical module 40 further being used for converting the output voltage of the energy storage module 50; the hydrogen storage module 30 comprises a hydrogen filling device 31, a metal hydrogen storage device 32 and a pressure regulating device 33, wherein the metal hydrogen storage device 32 is an array device composed of metal hydride hydrogen storage containers, and the metal hydride is an alloy formed by bonding hydrogen and metal under the pressure of 3-6 MPa.
The metal hydrogen storage device may be in the form of a bottle-shaped container, a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped container, or a sphere-shaped container, but the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can design the metal hydrogen storage device differently depending on the weight module.
The control module 10 is electrically connected to the hydrogen storage module 30, the fuel cell module 20, the electrical module 40 and the energy storage module 50 by using a communication interface, so as to control other functional modules by the control module 10, such as RS232, RS485, GPIB, USB and wireless interfaces, including but not limited thereto.
It should be noted that the control module 10 is mainly used for controlling and interacting with a fuel cell power system, and includes an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a remote communication subsystem (RDU), a field data storage subsystem, a human-computer interface, and the like, where the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is composed of integrated circuits such as a Microprocessor (MCU), a memory (ROM, RAM), an input/output interface (I/O), and an analog-to-digital converter (a/D). The Microprocessor (MCU) is a core part of the electronic control unit, and has operation and control functions, that is, in the operation process of the industrial vehicle, the Microprocessor (MCU) collects signals of the sensors and performs operation on the signals, and converts the operation result into corresponding control signals to control the operation of the hydrogen storage module 30, the fuel cell module 20, the electrical module 40 and the energy storage module 50.
It will be appreciated that the hydrogen storage module 30 stores a sufficient amount of fuel gas therein to supply the fuel cell module 20 upon startup of the hydrogen fuel cell power system. The fuel gas stored in the hydrogen storage module 30 may be previously injected into the hydrogen storage module 30 by an external hydrogenation device, for example, the fuel gas may be injected into the hydrogen storage module 30 through a hydrogenation gun at a hydrogenation station.
Since the variation range of the voltage value output by the fuel cell module 20 is large, the electric module 40 is required to stabilize the output voltage, for example, the voltage output from the fuel cell module 20 to the electric module 40 is 25 to 150V, and the voltage output from the electric module 40 after being processed by the electric module 40 is 43 to 59V; at the same time, dynamic control of the output power of the fuel cell module 20 can also be achieved with the electrical module 40.
During a start-up phase of the industrial vehicle, the energy storage module 50 provides electrical energy to the fuel cell module 20 to operate the fuel cell module 20 so as to supply the electrical energy generated by the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell module 20 to the industrial vehicle, and during this phase, the energy storage module 50 is in an energy loss state. During the initial operation stage of the industrial vehicle, the electric energy output by the fuel cell module 20 is not enough to meet the electric energy requirement of the industrial vehicle, so the energy storage module 50 also needs to output the electric energy to the industrial vehicle to meet the electric energy requirement, i.e., output power, of the industrial vehicle.
After the industrial vehicle normally runs, the output electric energy of the fuel cell module 20 is gradually increased, which is enough to meet the electric energy demand of the industrial vehicle, at this time, the energy storage module 50 stops outputting the electric energy outwards, and utilizes the redundant electric energy generated by the fuel cell module 20 to supplement the electric energy, at this time, the energy storage module 50 is in an energy supplement state, and the cycle is repeated, so that not only can starting energy be provided for the hydrogen fuel cell power system, but also the dynamic response capability of the hydrogen fuel cell power system is ensured.
At present, fuel cell industrial vehicles are basically refitted from pure electric industrial vehicles, in order to pursue cost performance and improve universality, the appearance and weight requirements of the fuel cell industrial vehicle system product are consistent with the quality of the traditional lead-acid or lithium battery, so that the fuel cell industrial vehicle system needs to realize higher power, longer endurance and higher quality in a limited space, and according to the product requirements of the industrial vehicles, such as the requirements of driving power, peak power, endurance time, rated load, power system quality and the like, a fuel cell industrial vehicle system with proper power is selected and a hydrogen storage module 30 meeting the requirements, and the advantages and disadvantages of high-pressure hydrogen storage and metal hydrogen storage are configured, as described in tables 1, 2 and 3.
Table 1: a hydrogen storage module: hydrogen storage capacity of various hydrogen storage metals
Table 2: high pressure gas cylinder hydrogen storage capacity III/IV type hydrogen storage container hydrogen storage capacity
Table 3: comparison of the hydrogen storage capacities of high-pressure gas cylinders and metal hydrides
| Type (B) | 35Mpa high-pressure gas cylinder | Metal hydrogen storage |
| Hydrogen storage capacity | 1750g | 1750g |
| Quality of hydrogen storage tank | 73kg | 126.9kg |
| Volume of hydrogen storage tank | 50L | 40L |
Note: the calculation of the hydrogen storage amount of the metal is to take the minimum weight density and the minimum volume density of all metal hydrides, and materials can be selected according to practical application, so that the mass is larger, and the occupied volume is smaller.
As can be seen from table 3 above, the metal hydrogen storage can increase the hydrogen storage amount by at least 25%, the mass by at least 116%, and the electricity storage amount by at least 5.8kw.h compared with the high-pressure hydrogen storage under the same volume condition.
Meanwhile, high-pressure hydrogen storage needs a series of high-pressure regulating components such as a large additional cylinder valve, a primary pressure reducer and the like, so that more additional space is occupied, metal hydrogen storage does not need a high-pressure component due to low hydrogen storage pressure, and a medium-pressure component and a high-pressure hydrogen storage scheme are universal, so that about 10% of space can be saved at the place;
secondly, the structure adopted by the high-pressure hydrogen storage is cylindrical, the space utilization rate is low when the high-pressure hydrogen storage is arranged in the industrial vehicle, the metal hydrogen storage pressure is low, the appearance can be customized according to the application requirement, about 10% of space can be saved, the mass center is easy to arrange, and the requirement of the industrial vehicle can be met;
finally, because the whole fuel cell power system does not need an additional counterweight module, 20-30% of additional space is added to the hydrogen storage system, and the hydrogen storage quantity and mass are increased, so that the requirement of the industrial vehicle on the fuel cell power system can be met, and the performance of the industrial vehicle is greatly improved.
Table 4: additional increase of metal hydrogen storage
Table 5: same volume weight comparison of industrial vehicles for two hydrogen storage schemes
| Parameter(s) | 35Mpa high-pressure gas cylinder | Metal hydrogen storage |
| |
300kg | 300kg |
| Mass required of vehicle | 600kg | 600kg |
| Mass of hydrogen storage module | 73kg | 220kg |
| Fuel cell system quality | 373kg | 520kg |
In conclusion, under the same volume condition, the metal hydrogen storage can increase the hydrogen storage amount by at least 73 percent compared with the high-pressure hydrogen storage, the mass of a hydrogen storage system by at least 200 percent, the mass of a fuel cell system by at least 40 percent, the electricity storage amount by at least 17kW.h and the cruising time of an industrial vehicle by at least 57 percent.
The fuel cell power system provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts metal hydrogen storage, the hydrogen storage density of the metal hydrogen storage per unit volume is very high, but the mass hydrogen storage density is very low, and the volume can be very small under the same hydrogen storage mass, thereby effectively solving the problem of insufficient use space of fuel cell industrial vehicles. Moreover, the mass of the metal hydride is large, so that the counterweight requirement and the cruising requirement of the industrial vehicle can be met, and the hydrogen storage module 30 can simultaneously realize the functions of counterweight and hydrogen storage, so that an additional counterweight module does not need to be added to the industrial vehicle. The metal hydride is formed by combining hydrogen and metal under the pressure of 3-6 MPa to form an alloy, the process is a hydrogen filling process, the filling pressure is low, a common industrial hydrogen bottle group can meet the filling requirement, additional pressurizing equipment is not needed, and the cost is reduced. The fuel cell power system provided by the embodiment of the invention solves the problems that the volume of the hydrogen storage module 30 of the fuel cell industrial vehicle is too large, the endurance time is short and an additional balancing weight is needed, and the hydrogen storage module 30 in the embodiment of the invention occupies a small space, and can reduce the balancing weight module of the industrial vehicle, increase the weight of the stored hydrogen and improve the endurance capacity.
In one embodiment, the hydrogen storage module 30 of the present invention further includes a heating module for heating the metal hydrogen storage device 32. In this embodiment, when the fuel cell module 20 is started, the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell is limited, carbon corrosion is prevented, the service life of the fuel cell module 20 is prolonged, the temperature of the metal hydrogen storage device 32 is also increased, and the hydrogen discharge rate is increased, so that the response speed of the fuel cell module 20 is increased.
In another embodiment, the hydrogen storage module 30 of the present invention further includes a heat dissipation device for dissipating heat of the metal hydrogen storage device 32. In this embodiment, since the metal hydrogen storage module 30 releases heat during hydrogenation and absorbs heat during hydrogen discharge, the heat dissipation device is configured for the metal hydrogen storage device 32 in the embodiment of the present invention, and the nature of the heat dissipation device is a heat dissipation module of a common fuel cell module, and the heat is taken away by the heat exchanger, which has a bidirectional function, and can provide heat for the metal hydrogen storage device at different times, and also can take away heat when the metal hydrogen storage device needs to dissipate heat.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the water circulation device of the hydrogen storage module 30 and the heat sink of the fuel cell module 20 exchange heat through a heat exchanger 60. In this embodiment, the water path circulating device of the metal hydrogen storage module 30 is associated with the heat dissipation device 23 of the fuel cell through the heat exchanger 60, so that the industrial vehicle can stabilize the working temperature of the metal hydrogen storage module 30 and keep the hydrogen release rate constant (the fuel cell generates heat when working, and the metal hydrogen storage module 30 needs to absorb heat when working), and at the same time, the heat dissipation effect is achieved for the fuel cell module 20; when the metal hydrogen storage module 30 is filled with hydrogen, the effect of controlling the temperature of the hydrogen storage module 30 can be achieved by opening the heat dissipation system of the hydrogen storage module 30 and the fuel cell heat dissipation device 23, the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the starting speed of the fuel cell stack can also be improved, the control strategy for starting the fuel cell system is simplified, and the efficiency of the fuel cell power system is also improved.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the hydrogen storage module 30 includes a hydrogen filling device 31, a metal hydrogen storage device 32, and a pressure regulating device 33.
The hydrogen filling device 31 includes a hydrogenation interface 311, a first filter 312, and a first check valve 313 connected in sequence. The hydrogenation interface 311 comprises a hydrogen filling port arranged at one end, and the hydrogen filling port is exposed outside the vehicle for filling external hydrogen; the other end of the hydrogen filling port is provided with a gas flow pipe, a first filter 312 and a first check valve 313 are sequentially arranged on the gas flow pipe, and the first filter 312 is used for filtering other impurities in the hydrogen.
The externally-injected hydrogen gas is filtered by the first filter 312 and then flows into the metal hydrogen storage device 32 through a gas pipe to be stored and supplied to the fuel cell module 20 for an electrochemical reaction. The metal hydrogen storage device 32 comprises at least one hydrogen storage container 321, a cylinder valve 322 arranged at the inlet and outlet of the hydrogen storage container 321, and a first pressure sensor 323 arranged on the cylinder valve 322. Since the density of hydrogen is less than that of air, a cylinder valve 322 integrally provided with the hydrogen storage container 321 is provided at an inlet and an outlet of the hydrogen storage container 321 to prevent hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container 321 from being discharged. The first pressure sensor 323 is used for monitoring the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage container 321, and if the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage container 321 exceeds a preset pressure value, the fuel cell power system can send an alarm to remind a user, so that the user can take corresponding measures in time, and accidents are avoided.
When the fuel cell module 20 is in operation, it has certain requirements for the pressure parameters of the input hydrogen gas, so after the hydrogen gas is discharged from the metal hydrogen storage device 32, the pressure of the hydrogen gas needs to be adjusted by the pressure adjusting device 33. Specifically, the pressure adjusting device 33 includes a second filter 331, a second check valve 332, a needle valve 333, and a pressure adjusting valve block 334 connected in sequence. Since the hydrogen discharged from the metal hydrogen storage device 32 cannot be pure hydrogen, it is filtered to prevent particulate impurities from entering the metal hydrogen storage device 32, thereby increasing the service life of the fuel cell module 20 to a certain extent. In this embodiment, the pressure regulating valve block 334 is an integrated valve block, and a proportional valve and a hydrogen supply solenoid valve are integrated on the valve block, and even a pressure sensor and a safety valve can be integrated according to application requirements.
In the above embodiment, the hydrogen storage module 30 provided by the present invention further includes a hydrogen gas leakage device 34 for reducing the internal pressure thereof, and when the pressure of the hydrogen gas is abnormal (the pressure value exceeds the preset upper pressure limit), the hydrogen gas leakage device 34 can discharge the gas in the hydrogen storage module 30 properly, so as to perform the function of pressure relief. Specifically, the hydrogen gas leakage device 34 includes a first relief valve 341 and a second relief valve 342; the first relief valve 341 is connected between the cylinder valve 322 and the second filter 331, and the second relief valve 342 is connected between the pressure regulating valve block and the fuel cell module.
Further, if the flame generated by burning the hydrogen gas after being discharged is spread into the hydrogen storage module 30, the fuel cell module 20 will be in failure, even a safety risk exists. Therefore, in order to prevent the flame generated by the combustion of hydrogen from spreading into the hydrogen storage module 30, the technical solution of the present invention is provided with a flame arrester 343 for isolating the flame generated by the combustion of hydrogen. Flame arrestor 343, also known as a fire arrestor, utilizes the "wall effect" to prevent external flames from channeling into fuel cell power systems where flammable and explosive gases are present.
Referring to fig. 3, a fuel cell module 20 according to the present invention includes a fuel cell stack 21, and an air supply device 22 and a heat sink 23 respectively connected to the fuel cell stack 21.
The fuel cell stack 21 includes a first carbon paper, a first membrane electrode, a proton exchange membrane, a second membrane electrode, a catalyst disposed on the first membrane electrode and the second membrane electrode, and a second carbon paper. Specifically, oxygen diffuses to the second membrane electrode through the second carbon paper, and electrons are obtained under the action of the catalyst to form oxygen ions; meanwhile, hydrogen diffuses to the first membrane electrode through the first carbon paper, electrons are lost under the action of the catalyst, hydrogen ions are formed, the hydrogen ions penetrate through the proton exchange membrane and diffuse to the second membrane electrode, and the hydrogen ions and oxygen ions are combined to form water.
In the above embodiment, the oxygen required by the fuel cell stack 21 is supplied by the air supply device 22, specifically, the air supply device 22 includes an air injection unit and an air exhaust unit, the air injection unit includes the third filter 221, the flow sensor 222, the air compressor 223, the intercooler 224 and the humidifier 225 which are connected in sequence, and the air exhaust unit includes the electronic backpressure valve 226 connected to the air outlet of the humidifier 225 and the muffler 227 connected to the air outlet of the electronic backpressure valve 226. Since the air inputted from the outside is inevitably mixed with impurities, the air is filtered by the third filter 221 to improve the air purity, thereby extending the life span of the fuel cell stack 21. In addition, the fuel cell stack 21 has certain parameter requirements for the volume, pressure, temperature, humidity, and the like of the input air, and therefore, the input air amount needs to be controlled by monitoring the speed of the input air through the flow sensor 222 sequentially provided; meanwhile, the pressure, temperature and humidity of the input air are processed by the air compressor 223, the intercooler 224 and the humidifier 225 so as to meet the preset parameter requirements.
In addition, since the input air does not completely react with the hydrogen, the excess air is discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 21, and noise is generated during the air discharging process, so that the input air needs to be eliminated by the silencer 227, thereby avoiding sound pollution to the environment.
It is understood that the air pressure and temperature at the air inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack 21 should be stable within a certain range of values, and if the air temperature and pressure at the inlet and outlet are abnormal, it indicates a fault in the fuel cell stack 21. Therefore, a first temperature sensor 228, a second pressure sensor 229, a second temperature sensor 22a and a third pressure sensor 22b are respectively disposed at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack 21, so that the temperature and the pressure of the air at the air inlet and the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 21 can be monitored and fed back in real time through the disposed temperature sensors and pressure sensors, and dynamic control of the temperature and the pressure of the input and output air can be realized.
During the operation of the fuel cell stack 21, a cooling process, such as water cooling, is performed on the fuel cell stack 21 by a cooling fluid to take out the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 21 through the cooling fluid, i.e., to exchange the heat. In order to recycle the coolant, the coolant with heat is subjected to heat dissipation treatment by the heat dissipation device 23, specifically, the heat dissipation device 23 includes a water pump 231 connected to a liquid outlet end of the fuel cell stack 21, and a heat sink 232 connected to an outlet end of the water pump 231, and an outlet end of the heat sink 232 is connected to a liquid inlet end of the fuel cell stack 21; the heat sink 23 further includes a third temperature sensor 233 and a fourth pressure sensor 234 provided at the fluid inlet end of the fuel cell stack 21, and a fourth temperature sensor 235 and a fifth pressure sensor 236 provided at the fluid outlet end of the fuel cell stack 21.
It is understood that the water pump 231 mainly functions to take out the heat-exchanged coolant through a pipe and to press the coolant cooled by the heat exchanger 60 and the radiator 232 into the fuel cell stack 21 to cool the fuel cell stack 21. Similarly, the temperature and pressure of the coolant at the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack 21 should be stable within a certain range of values, indicating a failure in the fuel cell stack 21 if there is an abnormality in the temperature and pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the third temperature sensor 233, the fourth pressure sensor 234, the fourth temperature sensor 235, and the fifth pressure sensor 236 at the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack 21 to achieve real-time monitoring and feedback of the coolant temperature.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the heat sink 23 further includes a heater 237 connected to the radiator 232 in parallel at an outlet end of the water pump 231, and an outlet end of the heater 237 is connected to a liquid inlet end of the fuel cell stack 21. In some severe cold regions, the heater 237 can heat the coolant, and the water pump 231 brings the heated coolant into the fuel cell stack 21 to heat the fuel cell stack 21 to the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack 21.
Referring to fig. 2, the fuel cell module 20 of the present invention further includes a hydrogen supply device 24, which specifically includes a purge valve 241 connected to the fuel outlet of the fuel cell stack 21, a sixth pressure sensor 242 disposed at the fuel inlet of the fuel cell stack 21, and a seventh pressure sensor 243 disposed at the fuel outlet of the fuel cell stack 21. Since the purity of the hydrogen gas input to the fuel cell stack 21 cannot reach 100%, a large amount of impurities accumulate in the anode flow channel after a long time of operation, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration, which in turn causes fuel starvation, carbon corrosion, and finally, a sharp drop in the performance of the fuel cell stack 21. Therefore, it is necessary to discharge the impurities accumulated in the anode flow channel through the purge valve 241 while taking out the water generated in the fuel cell stack 21 to prevent the fuel cell stack 21 from malfunctioning.
Further, the fuel cell module 20 of the present invention further includes a circulation pump 244 forming a fuel circulation loop with the fuel cell stack 21, an inlet end of the circulation pump 244 is connected to a fuel outlet end of the fuel cell stack 21, and an outlet end of the circulation pump 244 is connected to a fuel inlet end of the fuel cell stack 21.
It is understood that the temperature, pressure and flow rate of the hydrogen gas input to the fuel cell stack 21 are constantly changed according to the power of the fuel cell stack 21, and therefore, the pressure of the fuel intake port of the fuel cell stack 21 needs to be monitored by the sixth pressure sensor 242. In addition, in order to monitor the state of the internal flow channels of the fuel cell stack 21, the gas pressure at the outlet needs to be monitored by the seventh pressure sensor 243.
The specific structure of the fuel cell power system refers to the above embodiments, and since the long-endurance industrial vehicle adopts all technical solutions of all the above embodiments, the long-endurance industrial vehicle at least has all the technical effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, and details are not repeated herein.
The above description is only a part of or preferred embodiments of the present invention, and neither the text nor the drawings should be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or any other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A long-endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system is characterized by comprising a control module, a fuel cell module, a hydrogen storage module for providing hydrogen for the fuel cell module, an electric module for converting the output voltage of the fuel cell module and an energy storage module for storing electric energy generated by the fuel cell module, wherein the electric module is also used for converting the output voltage of the energy storage module; the hydrogen storage module comprises a hydrogen filling device, a metal hydrogen storage device and a pressure regulating device, wherein the metal hydrogen storage device is an array device consisting of metal hydride hydrogen storage containers, and the metal hydride is an alloy formed by combining hydrogen and metal under the pressure of 3-6 MPa.
2. The long endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage module further comprises a water circulation device for heat dissipation and heating of the metal hydrogen storage device.
3. The long-endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system of claim 2, wherein the water circulation device is connected to the heat sink of the fuel cell module through a heat exchanger.
4. The long-endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen filling device comprises a hydrogenation interface, a first filter and a first one-way valve which are connected in sequence, wherein the first filter is used for filtering externally-injected hydrogen;
the metal hydrogen storage device comprises at least one hydrogen storage container, a cylinder valve arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the hydrogen storage container and a first pressure sensor arranged on the cylinder valve, wherein the gas inlet of the cylinder valve is connected with the gas outlet of the first one-way valve;
pressure regulating device is including the second filter, second check valve, needle valve and the pressure regulating valve piece that connect gradually, the air inlet of second filter with the gas outlet of cylinder valve is connected, the second filter is used for right exhaust hydrogen carries out particulate matter impurity and filters in the hydrogen storage container.
5. The long endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system of claim 4, wherein the hydrogen storage module further comprises a hydrogen gas leakage device for reducing an internal pressure thereof, wherein:
the hydrogen leakage device comprises a first safety valve and a second safety valve, the first safety valve is connected between the cylinder valve and the second filter, and the second safety valve is connected between the pressure regulating valve block and the fuel cell module;
the hydrogen leakage device also comprises flame arresters respectively connected with the gas outlets of the first safety valve and the second safety valve.
6. The long-endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell module includes a fuel cell stack, and an air supply device and a heat sink device respectively connected to the fuel cell stack, wherein:
the air supply device comprises an air injection unit and an air discharge unit, the air injection unit comprises a third filter, a flow sensor, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier which are sequentially connected, and the air discharge subunit comprises an electronic back pressure valve connected with an air outlet of the humidifier and a silencer connected with an air outlet of the electronic back pressure valve;
the air supply device further comprises a first temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor arranged at the air inlet end of the fuel cell stack, and a second temperature sensor and a third pressure sensor arranged at the air outlet end of the fuel cell stack;
the heat dissipation device comprises a water pump connected to the liquid outlet end of the fuel cell stack and a radiator connected to the outlet end of the water pump, and the outlet end of the radiator is connected with the liquid inlet end of the fuel cell stack; the heat sink also includes a third temperature sensor and a fourth pressure sensor disposed at a fluid inlet end of the fuel cell stack, and a fourth temperature sensor and a fifth pressure sensor disposed at a fluid outlet end of the fuel cell stack.
7. The long endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system of claim 6, wherein the heat sink further comprises a heater connected in parallel with the heat sink at an outlet end of the water pump, an outlet end of the heater being connected to a liquid inlet end of the fuel cell stack.
8. The long-endurance industrial vehicle fuel cell power system according to claim 6, wherein the fuel cell module further comprises a hydrogen supply device including a purge valve connected to a fuel outlet of the fuel cell stack, a sixth pressure sensor disposed at a fuel inlet end of the fuel cell stack, and a seventh pressure sensor disposed at a fuel outlet end of the fuel cell stack;
the fuel cell module also comprises a circulating pump which forms a fuel circulating loop with the fuel cell stack, the air inlet end of the circulating pump is connected with the fuel outlet end of the fuel cell stack, and the outlet end of the circulating pump is connected with the fuel inlet end of the fuel cell stack.
9. A long-endurance industrial vehicle comprising the fuel cell power system of any one of claims 1-8.
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