CN111928816B - Monitoring method and monitoring system for running safety of underground engineering - Google Patents
Monitoring method and monitoring system for running safety of underground engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN111928816B CN111928816B CN202010829020.5A CN202010829020A CN111928816B CN 111928816 B CN111928816 B CN 111928816B CN 202010829020 A CN202010829020 A CN 202010829020A CN 111928816 B CN111928816 B CN 111928816B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention provides a monitoring method and a monitoring system for the running safety of underground engineering, which comprise a displacement sensor, wherein the displacement sensor comprises a positioning shell, a monitoring body is arranged in the positioning shell, the monitoring body comprises a pressure bearing mechanism and an expansion releasing mechanism, and the number of the pressure bearing mechanisms is at least two, so that the technical problem of judging soil layer settlement by using the pressure sensor is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a monitoring method and a monitoring system for the running safety of underground engineering.
Background
One of the conditions for safe operation of the tunnel is to avoid collapse, and one of the reasons for collapse is collapse caused by excessive pressure applied to the top of the tunnel due to settlement of soil layers above the tunnel, so that the possibility of collapse at the top of the tunnel can be effectively predicted by detecting the settlement degree of the soil layers above the tunnel, advance prediction is provided for collapse at the top of the tunnel, and sufficient time is provided for pretreatment of dangerous cases.
In the prior art, displacement sensors for measuring displacement generally use the offset distance of a laser beam to measure the offset of the top surface of the tunnel, however, once the top surface of the tunnel is offset, a collapse accident is likely to happen, namely, the time interval between the offset and the collapse of the top surface of the tunnel is small, and sufficient time cannot be provided for emergency repair.
The prior art discloses an alarm system for monitoring tunnel rock mass collapse, which comprises a displacement sensor, a display unit, a processing unit, a data storage unit, a voice output unit and a warning lamp output unit; the displacement sensor transmits the surrounding rock displacement information to the processing unit for analysis and prediction processing, and then the predicted surrounding rock displacement information is compared with surrounding rock state judgment information; the processing unit converts different surrounding rock state information into control signals of different lights and sends the control signals to the warning light output unit to display the lights of the surrounding rock states
Shown in the specification; when the predicted surrounding rock displacement information exceeds a set warning value, the processing unit sends a control instruction to the voice output unit to perform voice alarm; and a time series model of a differential evolution support vector machine is adopted to analyze and predict data in time. The technical scheme does not disclose a settlement detection mode for detecting the soil layer above the tunnel, so that the possibility of collapse at the top of the tunnel cannot be effectively predicted by detecting the settlement degree of the soil layer above the tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a monitoring method and a monitoring system for the running safety of underground engineering, which aim to solve the technical problem of judging soil layer settlement by using a pressure sensor.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a monitoring system for operation safety of underground engineering comprises a displacement sensor, wherein the displacement sensor comprises a positioning shell, a monitoring body for monitoring soil layer settlement is arranged in the positioning shell, the monitoring body comprises a pressure bearing mechanism and an unfolding release mechanism, and the number of the pressure bearing mechanisms is at least two; the pressure bearing mechanism comprises a sleeve, a limiting groove is formed in the circumference of the sleeve, a supporting plate is rotationally clamped in the limiting groove, a driving gear is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the sleeve, a rotating shaft is arranged on the supporting plate and perpendicular to the upper surface of the supporting plate, a driven gear is rotationally arranged on the rotating shaft, the driven gear is provided with a bearing plate so as to enable the bearing plate to extend out of the positioning shell when the driven gear rotates, the positioning shell is provided with an avoidance hole used for avoiding the extension of the bearing plate, the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear, a pressure sensor is arranged between the supporting plate and the driven gear, the supporting plate is provided with a rotation stopping protrusion, and the inner wall of the positioning shell is provided with a rotation stopping groove matched with the rotation stopping protrusion; the unfolding release mechanism comprises a transmission shaft for driving the sleeve to rotate, one end of the transmission shaft is provided with a power device for driving the transmission shaft to rotate, and the power device is fixedly connected with the positioning shell.
Further, the transmission shaft is equipped with the transmission seat, the transmission seat is equipped with the uide bushing, the uide bushing slides along the extending direction of transmission shaft and is equipped with the ejector pin, be equipped with first elastic component between ejector pin and the uide bushing, the ejector pin is connected with main joint ring, main joint ring is equipped with main joint tooth, sleeve periphery cover is equipped with vice joint ring, vice joint ring is equipped with vice joint tooth, main joint tooth, vice joint tooth slope set up and both incline direction are opposite in order to mutually support the joint transmission, the sleeve is equipped with the internal thread, the transmission shaft is equipped with the external screw thread with interior screw-thread fit.
Furthermore, a second elastic piece is arranged between the driven gear and the pressure sensor.
Furthermore, the transmission seat is provided with a locking bolt to limit the relative rotation of the transmission seat and the transmission shaft.
Further, the first elastic piece and the second elastic piece are both helical compression springs.
Furthermore, one end of the positioning shell is provided with a pointed end which is convenient to penetrate into a soil layer, and the other end of the positioning shell is provided with a fixing hole which is used for penetrating a bolt to fix the positioning shell.
Further, the positioning shell is cylindrical.
Further, the bearing plate is arc-shaped plate-shaped, and the power device is a motor.
A monitoring method for underground engineering operation safety adopts any one of the monitoring systems for underground engineering operation safety, and comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-punching at the position where the displacement sensor is pre-placed, wherein the aperture of the pre-punching is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the positioning shell so that the pre-punching can have a certain clamping force on the positioning shell;
(2) the displacement sensor is nailed into the pre-punched hole, the motor is started to rotate clockwise, the motor drives the transmission shaft, the main clamping ring to rotate, the auxiliary clamping ring and the sleeve to rotate in sequence, the driving gear and the sleeve rotate synchronously and drive the driven gear to rotate so that the bearing plate rotates and extends out of the outer side of the positioning shell, and the bearing plate is unfolded;
(3) the motor is started to rotate anticlockwise, the motor enables the transmission shaft and the sleeve to rotate reversely relatively, and the transmission shaft and the sleeve are in threaded connection, so that the transmission shaft pushes the sleeve to move upwards, and the bearing plate is pressed against the soil layer above the bearing plate more tightly to complete the installation of the displacement sensor;
(4) and determining the settlement displacement of the soil layer above the bearing plate according to the pressure change of the pressure sensor.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: after the soil layer above the tunnel is settled, the pressure borne by the bearing plate is increased rapidly, and the pressure borne by the pressure sensor is increased synchronously, so that whether settlement or collapse is judged by outputting pressure data through the pressure sensor.
Furthermore, the pressure bearing mechanism of the monitoring system for the running safety of the underground engineering is provided with the extensible bearing plate, and the extensible bearing plate can be extended only when the displacement sensor reaches a specified position, so that the obstruction in the installation process of the displacement sensor is avoided, and the installation efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring body according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the pressure bearing mechanism of the monitor body according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view taken at I in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view taken at II in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a pressure bearing mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of another angle of the pressure bearing mechanism of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a front view of the pressure bearing mechanism of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
An embodiment 1 of a monitoring system for the operation safety of underground engineering is shown in fig. 1-8, and comprises a displacement sensor, wherein the displacement sensor comprises a positioning shell 1, a monitoring body 2 for monitoring soil layer settlement is arranged in the positioning shell, the monitoring body comprises a pressure bearing mechanism 3 and an unfolding release mechanism 4, and the number of the pressure bearing mechanisms is at least two; the pressure bearing mechanism comprises a sleeve 5, a limiting groove 6 is arranged in the circumferential direction of the sleeve, a supporting plate 7 is rotationally clamped in the limiting groove, a driving gear 8 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the sleeve, a rotating shaft 9 is arranged on the upper surface of the supporting plate in a perpendicular mode, a driven gear 10 is rotationally arranged on the rotating shaft, a bearing plate 11 is arranged on the driven gear so that the bearing plate can extend out of the positioning shell when the driven gear rotates, an avoiding hole 12 used for avoiding the bearing plate extending out is formed in the positioning shell, the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear, a pressure sensor 13 is arranged between the supporting plate and the driven gear, a rotation stopping protrusion 14 is arranged on the supporting plate, and a rotation stopping groove (not shown) matched with the rotation stopping protrusion is formed in the inner wall of the positioning shell; the unfolding releasing mechanism comprises a transmission shaft 15 for driving the sleeve to rotate, one end of the transmission shaft is provided with a power device 16 for driving the transmission shaft to rotate, and the power device is fixedly connected with the positioning shell.
An embodiment 2 of a monitoring system for the operation safety of underground engineering is shown in fig. 1-8, and comprises a displacement sensor, wherein the displacement sensor comprises a positioning shell 1, a monitoring body 2 for monitoring soil layer settlement is arranged in the positioning shell, the monitoring body comprises a pressure bearing mechanism 3 and an unfolding release mechanism 4, and the number of the pressure bearing mechanisms is at least two; the pressure bearing mechanism comprises a sleeve 5, a limiting groove 6 is arranged in the circumferential direction of the sleeve, a supporting plate 7 is rotationally clamped in the limiting groove, a driving gear 8 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the sleeve, a rotating shaft 9 is arranged on the upper surface of the supporting plate in a perpendicular mode, a driven gear 10 is rotationally arranged on the rotating shaft, a bearing plate 11 is arranged on the driven gear so that the bearing plate can extend out of the positioning shell when the driven gear rotates, an avoiding hole 12 used for avoiding the bearing plate extending out is formed in the positioning shell, the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear, a pressure sensor 13 is arranged between the supporting plate and the driven gear, a rotation stopping protrusion 14 is arranged on the supporting plate, and a rotation stopping groove (not shown) matched with the rotation stopping protrusion is formed in the inner wall of the positioning shell; the unfolding releasing mechanism comprises a transmission shaft 15 used for driving the sleeve to rotate, one end of the transmission shaft is provided with a power device 16 used for driving the transmission shaft to rotate, the power device is fixedly connected with the positioning shell, the transmission shaft is provided with a transmission seat 17, the transmission seat is provided with a guide sleeve 18, the guide sleeve is provided with a push rod (not shown in the figure) in a sliding mode along the extending direction of the transmission shaft, a first elastic piece 20 is arranged between the push rod and the guide sleeve, the periphery of the push rod is sleeved with the first elastic piece 20, the periphery of the push rod is connected with a main clamping ring 21, the main clamping ring is provided with main clamping teeth 22, the periphery of the sleeve is sleeved with an auxiliary clamping ring 23, the auxiliary clamping ring is provided with auxiliary clamping teeth 24, the main clamping teeth and the auxiliary clamping teeth are obliquely arranged, the inclination directions of the main clamping teeth and the auxiliary clamping teeth are opposite to each other, the sleeve is provided with internal threads 25, and the transmission shaft is provided with external threads 26 matched with the internal threads. When the main clamping tooth rotates anticlockwise relative to the auxiliary clamping tooth, the main clamping tooth moves downwards under the pushing of the inclined plane of the auxiliary clamping tooth so that the main clamping tooth is disengaged from the auxiliary clamping tooth, and the push rod capable of sliding on the guide sleeve descends to provide a vertical yielding space for the disengagement of the main clamping tooth and the auxiliary clamping tooth. The multiple pressure bearing mechanisms 3 can measure the settlement degree of soil layers with different depths so as to obtain the overall degree of soil layer settlement above the tunnel.
An embodiment 3 of the monitoring system for the running safety of underground engineering is different from the embodiment 1-2 in that a second elastic part 27 is arranged between a driven gear and a pressure sensor, and a locking bolt 28 is arranged on a transmission seat to limit the relative rotation of the transmission seat and a transmission shaft.
The embodiment 4 of the monitoring system for the operation safety of the underground engineering is different from the embodiments 1 to 3 in that a first elastic part and a second elastic part are both helical compression springs, one end of a positioning shell is provided with a pointed end 28 which is convenient to pierce into a soil layer, the other end of the positioning shell is provided with a fixing hole 29 for penetrating a bolt to fix the positioning shell, the positioning shell is cylindrical, a bearing plate is arc-shaped plate-shaped, and a power device is a motor.
An embodiment of a monitoring method for the running safety of underground engineering, which adopts any one of the above monitoring systems for the running safety of underground engineering, comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-punching at the position where the displacement sensor is pre-placed, wherein the aperture of the pre-punching is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the positioning shell so that the pre-punching can have a certain clamping force on the positioning shell;
(2) the displacement sensor is nailed into the pre-punched hole, the motor is started to rotate clockwise, the motor drives the transmission shaft, the main clamping ring to rotate, the auxiliary clamping ring and the sleeve to rotate in sequence, the driving gear and the sleeve rotate synchronously and drive the driven gear to rotate so that the bearing plate rotates and extends out of the outer side of the positioning shell, and the bearing plate is unfolded;
(3) the motor is started to rotate anticlockwise, the motor enables the transmission shaft and the sleeve to rotate reversely relatively, and the transmission shaft and the sleeve are in threaded connection, so that the transmission shaft pushes the sleeve to move upwards, and the bearing plate is pressed against the soil layer above the bearing plate more tightly to complete the installation of the displacement sensor;
(4) and determining the settlement displacement of the soil layer above the bearing plate according to the pressure change of the pressure sensor.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The monitoring system for the running safety of the underground engineering comprises a displacement sensor and is characterized in that the displacement sensor comprises a positioning shell, a monitoring body for monitoring the soil layer settlement is arranged in the positioning shell, the monitoring body comprises a pressure bearing mechanism and an unfolding release mechanism, and the number of the pressure bearing mechanisms is at least two; the pressure bearing mechanism comprises a sleeve, a limiting groove is formed in the circumference of the sleeve, a supporting plate is rotationally clamped in the limiting groove, a driving gear is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the sleeve, a rotating shaft is arranged on the supporting plate and perpendicular to the upper surface of the supporting plate, a driven gear is rotationally arranged on the rotating shaft, the driven gear is provided with a bearing plate so as to enable the bearing plate to extend out of the positioning shell when the driven gear rotates, the positioning shell is provided with an avoidance hole used for avoiding the extension of the bearing plate, the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear, a pressure sensor is arranged between the supporting plate and the driven gear, the supporting plate is provided with a rotation stopping protrusion, and the inner wall of the positioning shell is provided with a rotation stopping groove matched with the rotation stopping protrusion; the unfolding release mechanism comprises a transmission shaft for driving the sleeve to rotate, one end of the transmission shaft is provided with a power device for driving the transmission shaft to rotate, and the power device is fixedly connected with the positioning shell.
2. The underground works operation safety's monitored control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the transmission shaft is equipped with the transmission seat, the transmission seat is equipped with the uide bushing, the uide bushing slides along the extending direction of transmission shaft and is equipped with the ejector pin, be equipped with first elastic component between ejector pin and the uide bushing, the ejector pin is connected with main joint ring, main joint ring is equipped with main joint tooth, sleeve periphery cover is equipped with vice joint ring, vice joint ring is equipped with vice joint tooth, main joint tooth, vice joint tooth slope set up and both incline directions are opposite in order to mutually support the joint transmission, the sleeve is equipped with the internal thread, the transmission shaft is equipped with the external screw thread with internal thread screw-thread fit, the layer board is located the top of vice joint ring, vice joint ring is located the top of main joint ring.
3. A monitoring system for the operational safety of underground works according to claim 2, wherein a second elastic member is provided between the driven gear and the pressure sensor.
4. A monitoring system for the operational safety of underground works according to claim 3, wherein the driving seat is provided with a locking bolt to limit the relative rotation of the driving seat and the driving shaft.
5. A monitoring system for underground works operational safety according to claim 4, wherein the first and second elastic members are helical compression springs.
6. A monitoring system for underground works operational safety according to claim 5, wherein the positioning shell has a pointed end at one end for penetrating into the soil layer and a fixing hole at the other end for passing a bolt to fix it.
7. A monitoring system for the operational safety of underground works according to claim 6, characterized in that the positioning housing is cylindrical.
8. A monitoring system for underground works operational safety according to claim 7, wherein the loading plate is arc-shaped plate and the power device is a motor.
9. A monitoring method of the operation safety of an underground engineering, which adopts the monitoring system of the operation safety of the underground engineering according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) pre-punching at the position where the displacement sensor is pre-placed, wherein the aperture of the pre-punching is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the positioning shell so that the pre-punching can have a certain clamping force on the positioning shell;
(2) the displacement sensor is nailed into the pre-punched hole, the motor is started to rotate clockwise, the motor drives the transmission shaft, the main clamping ring to rotate, the auxiliary clamping ring and the sleeve to rotate in sequence, the driving gear and the sleeve rotate synchronously and drive the driven gear to rotate so that the bearing plate rotates and extends out of the outer side of the positioning shell, and the bearing plate is unfolded;
(3) the motor is started to rotate anticlockwise, the motor enables the transmission shaft and the sleeve to rotate reversely relatively, and the transmission shaft and the sleeve are in threaded connection, so that the transmission shaft pushes the sleeve to move upwards, and the bearing plate is pressed against the soil layer above the bearing plate more tightly to complete the installation of the displacement sensor;
(4) and determining the settlement displacement of the soil layer above the bearing plate according to the pressure change of the pressure sensor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010829020.5A CN111928816B (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Monitoring method and monitoring system for running safety of underground engineering |
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| CN202010829020.5A CN111928816B (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Monitoring method and monitoring system for running safety of underground engineering |
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| CN111928816A CN111928816A (en) | 2020-11-13 |
| CN111928816B true CN111928816B (en) | 2021-08-20 |
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| CN115248027B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2023-07-21 | 深圳大学 | Optical fiber sensing monitoring device for soil settlement and settlement measuring method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08219823A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-08-30 | Touyoko Erumesu:Kk | Settlement gauge |
| JP2011102786A (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-26 | Advanced Technology:Kk | Optical fiber settlement gauge |
| CN108283482A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-17 | 上海交通大学 | Radial dilatation device for gastrointestinal tract microrobot |
| CN109798868B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-11-15 | 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 | Delta deposits consolidation settlement original position observation device and method |
| CN210603281U (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-05-22 | 合肥工业大学 | Soil body settlement circulation monitoring device |
| CN111006637B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-12-07 | 淮南创大实业有限责任公司 | Subsidence area earth's surface settlement monitoring facilities |
| CN211178454U (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-08-04 | 中交三公局（北京）工程试验检测有限公司 | High formwork intelligent security monitoring device |
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