CN111928215A - High-efficient compact steam generator - Google Patents
High-efficient compact steam generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111928215A CN111928215A CN202010633489.1A CN202010633489A CN111928215A CN 111928215 A CN111928215 A CN 111928215A CN 202010633489 A CN202010633489 A CN 202010633489A CN 111928215 A CN111928215 A CN 111928215A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/023—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes, for nuclear reactors as far as they are not classified, according to a specified heating fluid, in another group
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
- F22B37/268—Steam-separating arrangements specially adapted for steam generators of nuclear power plants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange of nuclear power stations, in particular to a high-efficiency compact steam generating device. The device comprises a heat exchange part and a separation part, wherein the heat exchange part and the separation part are integrally arranged in a shell and are used for heat exchange to generate steam, the heat exchange part comprises a tubular heat exchange core body formed by spirally rising and winding a heat exchange tube bundle and a jacket structure arranged on the outer side of the heat exchange core body in a sleeved mode, and the separation part comprises a steam-water separation structure and a shell side water supply structure for supplying secondary side water. Compared with the conventional nuclear power station steam generator, on one hand, the device adopts the winding heat exchange core body, and compared with the common U-shaped tubular heat exchange core body, the heat exchange area per unit volume is obviously increased, the heat exchange efficiency is obviously improved, the overall structure size is reduced, and the weight of metal materials is obviously reduced; on the other hand, the tube pass can simultaneously heat the feed water by multiple strands of hot fluid, so that the waste heat of the power station is fully utilized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchange of nuclear power stations, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency compact steam generating device.
Technical Field
The nuclear power has the characteristics of cleanness, high efficiency, safety, stability, good economy and the like, and is a high-quality clean energy capable of bearing the basic load of a power grid. Nuclear power plants generate electricity from the energy released by nuclear fission in nuclear reactors. At present, the third generation pressurized water reactor nuclear power technology has the characteristics of high reactor core power, high safety level and long service life, is the mainstream in China and is the most international competitive advanced nuclear power technology. The steam generator is one of key devices of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power station, transfers reactor core heat carried by reactor coolant on the primary side to feed water on the secondary side through the heat exchange tube, and generates steam for a steam turbine set to generate electricity. Steam generators of domestic large and medium-sized pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants, such as 55/19B-type SG of a Bay nuclear power plant and a Ling-Australian nuclear power plant, 60F-type SG of a Qin mountain second-stage nuclear power plant, ZH-65-type SG of a Fuqing nuclear power plant No. 5 unit and the like all adopt a U-shaped tubular heat exchange structure, the structure is a conventional tubular heat exchanger, cold and hot side fluid is subjected to non-pure countercurrent heat exchange, the heat exchange efficiency is not high, the required equipment investment is large, the occupied installation space is large, and the problems of energy and resource waste exist; the heat exchanger cannot heat feed water by a plurality of strands of fluid at the same time, and different strands of heat sources of the nuclear power station cannot be jointly utilized; in addition, the U-shaped tubular heat exchanger has weak vibration resistance due to its own structural characteristics, and particularly, the tail vibration-proof structure has poor effect and poor resistance performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a highly efficient compact steam generator.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency compact steam generating device comprises a heat exchanging part for exchanging heat to generate steam and a separating part for steam-water separation, wherein the heat exchanging part and the separating part are arranged in a shell to form an integral structure;
the heat exchange part comprises a tubular heat exchange core body formed by spirally winding a heat exchange tube bundle and a jacket structure sleeved on the outer side of the heat exchange core body, the diameter of the jacket structure is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell, the outline of the jacket structure is matched with the shell, the top of the jacket structure is closed, and the bottom of the jacket structure is provided with an opening; one end of the heat exchange core is connected with the at least one tube pass inlet tube box, hot fluid is introduced from the tube pass inlet tube box, the other end of the heat exchange core is connected with the at least one tube pass outlet tube box, and the hot fluid flows out from the tube pass outlet tube box after flowing through the heat exchange core.
Preferably, the shell is a non-constant diameter shell, the jacket structure is a variable cross-section jacket structure which is adapted to the shell profile, the non-constant diameter shell comprises a large diameter section, a transition section and a small diameter section from top to bottom, and the transition section is connected with the large diameter section and the small diameter section; the separation part is arranged in the separation cavity, the heat exchange part extends from the separation cavity to the small-diameter section of the shell, and the top of the seal head is provided with a shell pass outlet for steam to flow out;
and a shell side water supply structure for introducing secondary side water is also arranged in the separation cavity, the shell side water supply structure consists of an inlet straight pipe section and an annular distribution pipe section, the lower part of the annular distribution pipe section is provided with a water supply hole matched with an annular gap formed between the jacket structure and the shell, the water supply hole is convenient for the secondary side water to enter the annular gap, and the secondary side water enters the jacket structure from bottom to top through the annular gap.
Preferably, the heat exchange core body is an inner-layer heat exchange structure and an outer-layer heat exchange structure which are formed by tightly winding heat exchange tube bundles around the periphery of the middle support rod and are arranged along the radial direction, each heat exchange tube bundle is tightly wound to form a layer of the heat exchange core body which is arranged along the radial direction, and the winding directions of adjacent layers of the heat exchange structure are opposite; each tube pass inlet tube box is connected with at least one bundle of heat exchange tube bundles to form a heat exchange tube bundle set, the heat exchange tube bundle sets connected with the same tube pass inlet tube box are adjacently arranged on the heat exchange structure along the radial direction, and each heat exchange tube bundle set is correspondingly connected with one tube pass outlet tube box.
Preferably, the number of the heat exchange tube bundles contained in each heat exchange tube bundle set is configured according to the size of the hot fluid flow of the heat source connected to the corresponding tube pass inlet tube box, and the number of the heat exchange tubes contained in each heat exchange tube bundle is determined by the hot fluid flow passing through the heat exchange tube bundle, the winding radius on the middle support rod and the winding angle.
Preferably, at least one of the hot fluids is provided as a primary coolant.
Preferably, the tube pass inlet tube box penetrates through the shell, an outlet end of the tube pass inlet tube box extends into the jacket structure, the tube pass inlet tube box and the shell are fixedly connected, and a contact part between the tube pass inlet tube box and the shell is in a closed shape; a supporting connecting pipe which is used for connecting the shell and the jacket structure and is convenient for the tube pass inlet tube box to penetrate through is arranged between the shell and the jacket structure, and a gap is arranged between the tube pass inlet tube box and the jacket structure.
Preferably, one end of each tube pass inlet tube box, which is far away from the shell, is an inlet end, the inlet end is respectively connected with a heat source of the nuclear power plant for introducing hot fluid, a cavity for accommodating the hot fluid is arranged in the tube pass inlet tube box, the outlet end of the tube pass inlet tube box is arranged in the jacket structure to form a tube plate with at least one group of round holes, and each heat exchange tube bundle contained in the heat exchange tube bundle set corresponding to the tube pass inlet tube box corresponds to and is communicated with each group of round holes formed in the tube plate one by one for receiving the hot fluid in the tube pass inlet tube box.
Preferably, the bottom end of the shell is an integral tube plate, hole groups penetrating through the integral tube plate are symmetrically arranged on the integral tube plate around the circle center of the integral tube plate, the number of the hole groups is the same as that of the heat exchange tube bundle sets, each heat exchange tube bundle set corresponds to one group of the hole groups, and each heat exchange tube contained in each heat exchange tube bundle set corresponds to each round hole in the corresponding hole group one by one; and the periphery of each hole group is fixedly connected with a tube pass outlet tube box, a cavity of each tube pass outlet tube box is connected with the hole group so as to receive hot fluid flowing out of the heat exchange tube bundle, and the hot fluid is discharged from one end, far away from the integral tube plate, of each tube pass outlet tube box.
Preferably, the separation part comprises a primary steam-water separation structure arranged on the end plate and a secondary steam-water separation structure arranged on the seal head; the primary steam-water separation structure is detachably connected with the end plate through a countersunk head screw structure, and the secondary steam-water separation structure is detachably connected with the seal head through a countersunk head screw structure.
Preferably, the secondary steam-water separation structure is formed by overlapping corrugated plates or wire meshes, and the corrugated plates or the wire meshes are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the shell pass outlet to form an annular steam-water separation channel; the center of the annular steam-water separation channel is provided with a funnel-shaped metal sheet, the bottom edge of the metal sheet is fixedly connected to the outermost side edge of the annular steam-water separation channel, which is far away from the shell pass outlet, the lowest center point of the metal sheet is provided with an opening and fixedly connected with a drainage tubule, the drainage tubule is vertically suspended right above the end plate, so that steam is discharged onto the end plate from the central drainage tubule of the metal sheet after passing through the secondary steam-water separation structure, and then flows into the annular gap between the jacket structure and the shell for cyclic utilization.
Preferably, the middle support rod is of a sleeve structure, the upper end of the middle support rod is fixedly connected with the lower surface center of the inner tube and the lower surface center of the end plate, the lower end of the middle support rod is fixedly connected with the upper surface center of the integral tube plate, the top end of the outer tube at least reaches the height of the lower edge of the tube pass inlet tube box on the jacket structure, a through hole is formed in the overlapping position of the inner tube and the outer tube of the middle support rod, the through hole is a vertical hole formed in the axial direction of the support rod, a limiting rod penetrating through the inner tube and the outer tube is arranged in the vertical hole, arc-shaped hooks or nuts for preventing the limiting rod from falling are arranged at two ends of the limiting rod, and the limiting rod can move.
Preferably, a guide plate is arranged at the bottom end of the jacket structure, the guide plate is perpendicular to the inner wall of the jacket structure and forms an annular pore with the middle support rod, a through hole corresponding to the hole group formed on the integral tube plate in the vertical direction is formed in the guide plate, and the through hole is used for the heat exchange tube bundle to pass through in a gathering manner; the annular hole enables secondary side water supply to conveniently enter a gap of a heat exchange tube core arranged in the jacket structure, and secondary side water supply is prevented from flowing only along the outer side of the heat exchange tube core due to resistance influence.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the tube pass inlet tube boxes are of a multi-tube plate structure, each tube pass inlet tube box corresponds to one tube plate, a plurality of tube pass inlet tube boxes can be arranged and used, the upper limit is determined by the diameter of the tube pass inlet tube box and the perimeter of a shell, each tube pass inlet tube box is connected with one heat source in the nuclear power station, heating of secondary side feed water by a plurality of hot fluids can be achieved, and the problem that heat of the residual heat source is wasted because the secondary side feed water is heated only by primary side reactor coolant in a conventional nuclear power station is solved. Meanwhile, the combined heat exchange of different heat sources is realized by jointly utilizing the multiple heat sources of the power station, and the utilization rate of the heat sources is improved.
(2) Compared with the traditional U-shaped tubular heat exchange core body, on one hand, the spiral-rising winding-shaped heat exchange core body is arranged in the shell, so that the effective heat exchange area in unit volume is increased, the overall structure size is reduced, the weight of metal materials is obviously reduced, and the equipment investment and the installation space are greatly saved; on the other hand, the pure countercurrent heat exchange of the rotational flow reinforcement is carried out between the hot fluid and the feed water, the heat transfer efficiency is obviously improved, the energy waste is reduced, and the equipment investment can be further saved; the spiral winding's heat exchange tube closely twines along the middle part bracing piece to it is fixed through spacing and ferrule, form spiral heat exchange tube bank overall structure, when realizing that the heat exchange tube is spacing and supporting, can effectively prevent heat exchange tube bank's vibration, guarantee safety.
(3) The pipe pass inlet pipe box enters the steam generating device through the shell and the pipe orifice formed in the jacket structure, a support connecting pipe is arranged at the pipe orifice of the jacket structure, the support connecting pipe is convenient to introduce the pipe pass inlet pipe box, and the part of the jacket structure on the pipe pass inlet pipe box can be fixedly connected with the shell through the support connecting pipe; because the tube pass inlet tube box is not directly welded with the jacket structure, the tube pass inlet tube box is not limited by two welding parts in the using process, and the welding point is broken due to stress deterioration when the tube pass inlet tube box is expanded due to the cold and hot unbalance of the front end and the rear end of the tube pass inlet tube box.
(4) The upper part of the shell is connected with the end socket through a flange, the primary steam-water separation structure and the secondary steam-water separation structure are connected with the steam generation device through countersunk head screw structures, and the replacement of the primary steam-water separation structure and the secondary steam-water separation structure can be realized, so that the device meets the requirements of resistance and steam-water separation efficiency under different working conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a shell-side water supply structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the tube side inlet header and the support connection tube to the housing and the jacket structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection between the primary steam-water separation structure and the jacket structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection between the secondary steam-water separation structure and the head of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a center support rod in a jacket structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic tube sheet of the tube side inlet header of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the integral tube sheet construction of the shell of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a 3-stream high-efficiency compact steam generator according to example 2;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a bundle winding arrangement of the heat exchange tubes of the heat exchange core in example 2.
The notations in the figures have the following meanings:
10-shell 11-end enclosure 12-flange 13-integral tube plate 131-hole group
20-heat exchange core body 21-heat exchange tube bundle 211-heat exchange tube 22-middle support rod
221-inner tube 222-outer tube 223-limiting rod 30-tube pass inlet tube box
31-tube box cavity 32-tube plate 40-tube pass outlet tube box 50-jacket structure
51-end plate 52-guide plate 60-support connecting pipe 70-shell pass water supply structure
71-straight pipe section 72 of water supply inlet, annular distribution pipe section 73-water supply hole
80-primary steam-water separation structure 81-steam-water separation structure connecting plate 82-end plate connecting plate
83-countersunk head screw 84-gasket 90-secondary steam-water separation structure 92-seal head connecting plate
95-metal sheet 96-drainage thin tube 100-shell pass outlet
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is more specifically explained by combining the following embodiments and comparative examples:
example 1:
this embodiment is a 2-stream high efficiency compact steam generator.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a high-efficiency compact steam generator includes a heat exchanging portion disposed in a casing 10 for exchanging heat to generate steam and a separating portion for steam-water separation, wherein the casing 10 includes, from top to bottom, a large-diameter section, a transition section, and a small-diameter section, and the transition section connects the large-diameter section and the small-diameter section; the inside of the large-diameter section is a separation cavity formed by the shell 10, the seal head 11 and an end plate 51 at the top of the jacket structure 50, the separation part is arranged in the separation cavity, and the heat exchange part extends from the separation cavity to the small-diameter section of the shell 10; the shell is a non-isodiametric shell, and the jacket structure is a variable cross-section jacket structure with the contour adapting to the shell; the shell 10 is connected with the end socket 11 through a flange, the end socket 11 is semi-ellipsoidal, the diameter of the long shaft is the same as that of the wide diameter section of the shell 10, and the top of the end socket 11 is provided with a shell side outlet 100 for steam to flow out.
The heat exchange part comprises a tubular heat exchange core body formed by spirally winding a heat exchange tube bundle 21 and a jacket structure 50 sleeved outside the heat exchange core body 20, the diameter of the jacket structure 50 is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell 10, the outline of the jacket structure 50 is matched with the shell 10, the top of the jacket structure 50 is closed, and the bottom of the jacket structure is provided with an opening; one end of the heat exchange core 20 is connected to at least one tube pass inlet tube box 30, and hot fluid is introduced from the tube pass inlet tube box 30, and the other end is connected to at least one tube pass outlet tube box 40, and the hot fluid flows through the heat exchange core 20 and then flows out from the tube pass outlet tube box 40.
The heat exchange core body 20 is an inner-layer heat exchange structure and an outer-layer heat exchange structure which are formed by tightly winding heat exchange tube bundles 21 around a middle support rod 22 and are arranged along the radial direction, each heat exchange tube bundle 21 is tightly wound to form a layer of the heat exchange core body which is arranged along the radial direction, and the winding directions of the adjacent layers of the heat exchange structure are opposite; each tube pass inlet header box 30 is connected with at least one heat exchange tube bundle 21 to form a heat exchange tube bundle set, the heat exchange tube bundle sets connected with the same tube pass inlet header box 30 are arranged adjacently in the radial direction on a heat exchange structure, and each heat exchange tube bundle set is correspondingly connected with one tube pass outlet header box 40. The number of the heat exchange tube bundles 21 included in each heat exchange tube bundle set is configured according to the size of the hot fluid flow of the heat source connected to the corresponding tube pass inlet header 30, and the number of the heat exchange tubes 211 included in each heat exchange tube bundle 21 is determined by the hot fluid flow passing through the heat exchange tube bundle 21, the winding radius and the winding angle on the middle support rod 22.
In this embodiment, the winding heat exchange core 20 is an inner and outer 10-layer heat exchange tube bundle structure formed by two heat exchange tube bundle assemblies in radial arrangement, wherein the first heat exchange tube bundle assembly includes five heat exchange tube bundles 21, which form the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th layers from inside to outside of the heat exchange core 20; the second set of heat exchange tube bundles comprises five heat exchange tube bundles 21 forming the 6 th, 7 th, 8 th, 9 th, 10 th layers from the inside to the outside of the heat exchange core 20. The 1 st layer of heat exchange tube bundle is closely twined the forward by 8 heat exchange tubes 211 simultaneously along middle part bracing piece 22 spirals upward right, the 2 nd layer of heat exchange tube bundle is closely twined the reversal by 10 heat exchange tubes 211 simultaneously along first layer of heat exchange tube bundle spirals upward left, the 3 rd layer of heat exchange tube bundle is closely twined forward … … by 8 heat exchange tubes simultaneously along 2 nd layer of heat exchange tube spirals upward right and so on, the winding direction of adjacent two-layer heat exchange tube bundle 21 on middle part bracing piece 22 is opposite in the same heat exchange tube bundle set, the winding direction of adjacent two-layer heat exchange tube bundle 21 on middle part bracing piece 22 of two heat exchange tube bundle sets is also opposite.
In this embodiment, spacing is used for separating adjacent two-layer heat exchanger tube bank in order to form the clearance, and the most inboard spacing is connected fixedly with middle part bracing piece, and the ferrule is fixed the heat exchange tube on spacing, and the ferrule welds with spacing.
A shell side water supply structure 70 for introducing secondary side water supply is further arranged in the separation cavity in the large-diameter section, the shell side water supply structure 70 is composed of an inlet straight pipe section 71 and an annular distribution pipe section 72, the annular distribution pipe section 72 is an annular water pipe which is horizontally arranged, the diameter of the ring of the annular water pipe is matched with the annular gap formed between the jacket structure 50 and the shell 10, water supply holes 73 are uniformly formed in the lower part of the annular distribution pipe section 72, and the water supply holes 73 are opposite to the annular gap, so that secondary side water supply can directly enter the annular gap;
in an operating state, the secondary side feedwater flows downward from an annular gap formed between the shell 10 and the jacket structure 50, enters the inside of the jacket structure 50 through a lower inlet of the jacket structure 50, flows from bottom to top in the jacket structure 50, contacts the heat exchange core 20 to exchange heat, and is vaporized into steam. The water level of secondary side feed water in the jacket structure is controlled by a water level control device commonly used by a nuclear power station steam generating device in the prior art.
In this embodiment, the two tube pass inlet tube boxes 30 are respectively arranged to penetrate through the shell 10 at the same height on both sides of the shell 10, the outlet ends of the tube pass inlet tube boxes 30 extend into the jacket structure 50, the tube pass inlet tube boxes 30 and the shell 10 form a fixed connection, and a seal is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the tube pass inlet tube box 30 and the shell 10; a support connecting pipe 60 is further arranged between the jacket structure 50 and the shell 10 to connect the jacket structure 50 and the shell 10, the support connecting pipe 60 forms a channel outside the tube side inlet tube box, so that the tube side inlet tube box 30 is arranged between the jacket structure 50 and the shell 10 in a penetrating manner, and a gap is reserved between the jacket structure 50 and the tube side inlet tube box 30 and is not in direct contact with the gap.
The ends, far away from the shell 10, of the two tube side inlet tube boxes 30 are inlet ends, the inlet ends are respectively connected with a heat source of the nuclear power station and used for introducing hot fluid, a cavity 31 for accommodating the hot fluid is arranged inside the tube side inlet tube box 30, the outlet ends of the tube side inlet tube boxes 30 are arranged inside the jacket structure 50 to be tube plates 32 provided with at least one group of round holes, a heat exchange tube bundle set corresponding to each tube side inlet tube box 30 is arranged in a penetrating mode or connected to the tube plates 32 through a connector, each heat exchange tube bundle 21 contained in the heat exchange tube bundle set corresponds to one group of round holes, each heat exchange tube 211 contained in each heat exchange tube bundle 21 corresponds to each round hole in the tube plates 32 one to one and is used.
The bottom end of the shell 10 is an integral tube plate 13, hole groups 131 penetrating the integral tube plate 13 are symmetrically arranged on the integral tube plate 13 around the center of the integral tube plate, the number of the hole groups is the same as that of the heat exchange tube bundle sets, each heat exchange tube bundle set corresponds to one group of the hole groups 131, and each heat exchange tube 211 contained in each heat exchange tube bundle set corresponds to each round hole in the corresponding hole group 131 one by one; the periphery of each hole group 131 is fixedly connected with a tube pass outlet tube box 40, the cavity of the tube pass outlet tube box 40 faces the hole group 131, so that the hot fluid flowing out of the heat exchange tube bundle 21 can be conveniently received, and the hot fluid is discharged from one end, far away from the integral tube plate 13, of the tube pass outlet tube box 40.
In this embodiment, two heat exchange tube bundle sets respectively correspond to a hot fluid, each of the two heat exchange tube bundle sets is composed of 5 sets of heat exchange tube bundles 21, wherein the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd layers of heat exchange tube bundles 21 of one heat exchange tube bundle set respectively comprise 8, 10 and 8 heat exchange tubes, each set of heat exchange tube bundle 21 at least comprises one heat exchange tube 211, so that the number of round holes formed in the tube sheet 32 corresponding to the tube side inlet header 30 of the heat exchange tube bundle set is at least 28, and the number of round holes formed in the corresponding hole group 131 formed in the integral tube sheet 13 is also at least 28; the other heat exchange tube bundle is gathered in the same way.
The upper part for steam-water separation comprises a primary steam-water separation structure 80 arranged on an end plate 51 of the jacket structure 50 and a secondary steam-water separation structure 90 arranged on the seal head 11 and annularly arranged along a shell side outlet 100;
the primary steam-water separation structure 80 is detachably connected with the end plate 51 through a countersunk head screw structure, and the secondary steam-water separation structure 90 is detachably connected with the seal head 11 through a countersunk head screw structure. The countersunk head screw structure comprises a steam-water separation structure connecting plate 81, an end plate connecting plate 82 or an end enclosure connecting plate 92, countersunk head screws 83 and gaskets 84, wherein the end plate connecting plate 82 is fixedly connected to an end plate 51 of the jacket structure 50, the end enclosure connecting plate 92 is fixedly connected to an end enclosure 11, and the steam-water separation structure connecting plate 81 is fixedly arranged on the primary steam-water separation structure 80 and the secondary steam-water separation structure 90 and respectively corresponds to the end plate connecting plate 82 or the end enclosure connecting plate 92; the steam-water separation structure connecting plate 81 is provided with an internal thread through hole penetrating through the steam-water separation structure connecting plate 81, the end plate connecting plate 82 and the head connecting plate 92 are both concavely provided with internal thread holes, and the countersunk head screw 83 penetrates through the internal thread through hole to be connected with the internal thread holes and tightly presses a gasket positioned between the end plate connecting plate 82 or the head connecting plate 92 and the steam-water separation structure connecting plate 81.
The primary steam-water separation structure 80 adopts a commercially available rotary vane type steam-water separator, and the secondary steam-water separation structure 90 consists of corrugated plate groups which are closely arranged in parallel with the tangent line of the end enclosure 11 and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of a shell pass outlet 100 to form an annular steam-water separation channel; the center of the annular steam-water separation channel is provided with a funnel-shaped metal sheet 95 for preventing steam from passing through, the bottom edge of the metal sheet 95 is fixedly connected to the outermost side edge of the annular steam-water separation channel far away from the shell side outlet 100, the lowest point of the center of the metal sheet 95 is provided with an opening and fixedly connected with a drainage tubule 96, the drainage tubule 96 is vertically suspended right above the end plate 51 of the jacket structure 50, so that condensed water collected when steam passes through the secondary separation steam-water structure 90 is discharged from the central drainage tubule 96 of the metal sheet 95 to the end plate and then flows into an annular gap between the jacket structure and the shell for recycling.
During operation, water vapor generated by secondary side water supply realizes primary steam-water separation through a primary steam-water separation structure on the upper part of the jacket structure, and then secondary steam-water separation is carried out through the secondary steam-water separation structure-corrugated plate group so as to meet the requirement of water content of outlet steam and finally flows out from a shell side outlet.
Middle part bracing piece 22 is the bushing structure, the upper end of middle part bracing piece is inner tube 221 and end plate 51's lower surface center fixed connection promptly, the lower extreme is the upper surface center fixed connection of outer tube 222 and whole tube sheet 13, the top of outer tube 222 arrives at tube side inlet tube case 30 down along the height on jacket structure 50 at least, the through-hole has been seted up with outer tube 222 overlapping department to the inner tube 221 of middle part bracing piece 22, the through-hole is the vertical hole of seting up along the bracing piece axial, be provided with the gag lever post 223 of lining up inner tube 221 and outer tube 222 in the vertical hole, the gag lever post 223 both ends are provided with the arc hook and the nut that prevent that gag lever post 223 from falling, gag lever post 223 can reciprocate in the vertical hole.
The bottom end of the jacket structure 50 is provided with a guide plate 52, the guide plate 52 is perpendicular to the inner wall of the jacket structure 50 and forms an annular gap with the middle support rod 22, the annular gap enables secondary side feed water to conveniently enter a gap of a heat exchange tube core 20 arranged in the jacket structure 50, and the secondary side feed water is prevented from flowing only along the outer side of the heat exchange tube core 20 due to resistance influence.
Example 2:
this embodiment is a 3-stream high efficiency compact steam generator.
As shown in fig. 9, a high-efficiency compact steam generator includes a heat exchanging portion disposed in a casing 10 for exchanging heat to generate steam and a separating portion for steam-water separation, the casing 10 includes, from top to bottom, a large-diameter section, a transition section, and a small-diameter section, the transition section connects the large-diameter section and the small-diameter section; the inside of the large-diameter section is a separation cavity formed by the shell 10, the seal head 11 and an end plate 51 at the top of the jacket structure 50, the separation part is arranged in the separation cavity, and the heat exchange part extends from the separation cavity to the small-diameter section of the shell 10; the shell 10 is connected with the end socket 11 through a flange, the end socket 11 is semi-ellipsoidal, the diameter of the long shaft is the same as that of the wide diameter section of the shell 10, and the top of the end socket 11 is provided with a shell side outlet 100 for steam to flow out.
The heat exchange part comprises a tubular heat exchange core body 20 formed by spirally winding a heat exchange tube bundle 21 and a jacket structure 50 sleeved outside the heat exchange core body 20, the diameter of the jacket structure 50 is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell 10, the outline of the jacket structure 50 is matched with that of the shell 10, the top of the jacket structure 50 is closed, and the bottom of the jacket structure is provided with an opening; one end of the heat exchange core 20 is connected to at least one tube pass inlet tube box 30, and hot fluid is introduced from the tube pass inlet tube box 30, and the other end is connected to at least one tube pass outlet tube box 40, and the hot fluid flows through the heat exchange core 20 and then flows out from the tube pass outlet tube box 40.
The heat exchange core body 20 is an inner-layer heat exchange structure and an outer-layer heat exchange structure which are formed by tightly winding heat exchange tube bundles 21 around a middle support rod 22 and are arranged along the radial direction, each heat exchange tube bundle 21 is tightly wound to form a layer of the heat exchange core body which is arranged along the radial direction, and the winding directions of the adjacent layers of the heat exchange structure are opposite; each tube pass inlet header box 30 is connected with at least one heat exchange tube bundle 21 to form a heat exchange tube bundle set, the heat exchange tube bundle sets connected with the same tube pass inlet header box 30 are arranged adjacently in the radial direction on a heat exchange structure, and each heat exchange tube bundle set is correspondingly connected with one tube pass outlet header box 40. The number of the heat exchange tube bundles 21 included in each heat exchange tube bundle set is configured according to the size of the hot fluid flow of the heat source connected to the corresponding tube pass inlet header 30, and the number of the heat exchange tubes 211 included in each heat exchange tube bundle 21 is determined by the hot fluid flow passing through the heat exchange tube bundle 21, the winding radius and the winding angle on the middle support rod 22.
In this embodiment, the three tube pass inlet tube boxes 30 are respectively and uniformly distributed on the same height of the shell 10 and are arranged to penetrate through the shell 10, and three hot fluids from three heat sources respectively flow into the heat exchange tube bundles of the heat exchange core through the tube pass inlet tube boxes. A first strand of thermal fluid is called tube pass fluid a, flows into a first tube pass through a tube pass inlet tube box 30A, spirally flows from top to bottom through a first heat exchange tube bundle assembly 21A, and flows out through a tube pass outlet tube box 40A; a second strand of hot fluid is called tube pass fluid B to flow into a second tube pass through a tube pass inlet tube box 30B, passes through a second heat exchange tube bundle assembly 21B, flows spirally from top to bottom, and then flows out through a tube pass outlet tube box 40B; the third hot fluid, called tube pass fluid C, flows into the third tube pass through the tube pass inlet header 30C, passes through the third heat exchange tube bundle assembly 21C, flows spirally from top to bottom, and flows out through the tube pass outlet header 40C.
In this embodiment, the winding manner of the heat exchange tube bundles 21 in the tubular heat exchange core 20 is as shown in fig. 10, the heat exchange core 20 includes 9 heat exchange tube bundles 21 from inside to outside, wherein the 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd heat exchange tube bundles form a first heat exchange tube bundle set 21A, the 4 th, 5 th, 6 th, and 7 th heat exchange tube bundles form a second heat exchange tube bundle set 21B, and the 8 th and 9 th heat exchange tube bundles form a third heat exchange tube bundle set 21C. Specifically, the heat exchange tube bundle of the layer 1 is formed by spirally winding 5 heat exchange tubes 211 along the middle support rod 22 in the forward direction towards the right and upwards; the 2 nd layer heat exchange tube bundle is closely twined the reversal to the upper left simultaneously along the 1 st layer heat exchange tube bundle spiral by 6 heat exchange tubes 211, and the 3 rd layer heat exchange tube is closely twined forward … … and so on along the 2 nd layer heat exchange tube spiral to the upper right simultaneously by 6 heat exchange tubes, and the winding direction of adjacent two-layer heat exchange tube bundle 21 on middle part bracing piece 22 is opposite in same heat exchange tube bundle set, and the winding direction of adjacent two-layer heat exchange tube bundle 21 on middle part bracing piece 22 of two heat exchange tube bundle sets is also opposite. Thus, the three tube pass fluids a, b and c in the tube pass inlet tube box 30 perform the counter-flow heat exchange enhanced by the rotational flow through the heat exchange core 20 and the secondary side water supply flowing from bottom to top in the jacket structure 50, fully heat the secondary side water supply, greatly improve the heat exchange efficiency, save the equipment investment, and fully utilize different heat sources of the power plant and perform combined heat exchange.
The three heat exchange tube bundle assemblies respectively comprise 3 groups of heat exchange tube bundles 21, 4 groups of heat exchange tube bundles 21 and 2 groups of heat exchange tube bundles 21, wherein the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd layers of heat exchange tube bundles 21 of the first heat exchange tube bundle assembly 21A respectively comprise 5, 6 and 6 heat exchange tubes, so that 17 round holes are formed in the tube plate 32 of the corresponding tube side inlet tube box 30 of the heat exchange tube bundle assembly, and 17 round holes are formed in the corresponding hole groups 131 formed in the integral tube plate 13; the rest heat exchange tube bundles are gathered in the same way.
The efficient compact steam generator in this embodiment 2 is different from that in embodiment 1 in that embodiment 1 uses 2 hot fluids, embodiment 2 uses 3 hot fluids, and 3 hot fluids simultaneously heat shell-side feed water, and this embodiment 2 is compared with embodiment 1, and the structures of parts which are not mentioned are the same, and are not described again.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-efficiency compact steam generating device comprises a heat exchanging part for exchanging heat to generate steam and a separating part for steam-water separation; the method is characterized in that: the heat exchanging part and the separating part are integrated structures arranged in the shell (10);
the heat exchange part comprises a tubular heat exchange core body (20) formed by spirally winding a heat exchange tube bundle (21) and a jacket structure (50) sleeved on the outer side of the heat exchange core body (20), the diameter of the jacket structure (50) is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell (10), the outline of the jacket structure (50) is matched with the shell (10), the top of the jacket structure (50) is closed, and the bottom of the jacket structure (50) is provided with an opening; one end of the heat exchange core body (20) is connected with at least one tube pass inlet tube box (30) and hot fluid is introduced from the tube pass inlet tube box (30), the other end of the heat exchange core body is connected with at least one tube pass outlet tube box (40), and the hot fluid flows out from the tube pass outlet tube box (40) after flowing through the heat exchange core body (20).
2. A high efficiency compact steam generator as recited in claim 1, wherein: the shell (10) is a non-constant diameter shell and is sealed by an end socket (11), the jacket structure (50) is a variable cross-section jacket structure which is suitable for the profile of the shell (10), the shell (10) comprises a large-diameter section, a transition section and a small-diameter section from top to bottom, and the transition section is connected with the large-diameter section and the small-diameter section; the separation part is arranged in the separation cavity, the heat exchange part extends from the separation cavity to the small-diameter section of the shell (10), and a shell pass outlet (100) for steam to flow out is formed in the top of the seal head (11);
and a shell side water supply structure (70) for introducing secondary side water supply is further arranged in the separation cavity, the shell side water supply structure (70) is composed of an inlet straight pipe section (71) and an annular distribution pipe section (72), a water supply hole (73) matched with an annular gap formed between the jacket structure (50) and the shell (10) is formed in the lower portion of the annular distribution pipe section (72), the water supply hole (73) is convenient for the secondary side water supply to enter the annular gap, and the secondary side water supply enters the jacket structure (50) from bottom to top through the annular gap.
3. A high efficiency compact steam generator as recited in claim 1, wherein: the heat exchange core body (20) is an inner-layer heat exchange structure and an outer-layer heat exchange structure which are formed by tightly winding heat exchange tube bundles (21) on the periphery of a middle support rod (22) and are arranged along the radial direction, each heat exchange tube bundle (21) is tightly wound to form a layer of the heat exchange core body which is arranged along the radial direction, and the winding directions of adjacent layers of the heat exchange structure are opposite; each tube pass inlet tube box (30) is connected with at least one heat exchange tube bundle (21) to form a heat exchange tube bundle set, the heat exchange tube bundle sets connected with the same tube pass inlet tube box (30) are arranged adjacently in the radial direction on the heat exchange structure, and each heat exchange tube bundle set is correspondingly connected with one tube pass outlet tube box (40).
4. A high efficiency compact steam generator as recited in claim 3, wherein: the tube side inlet tube box (30) penetrates through the shell (10), the outlet end of the tube side inlet tube box (30) extends into the jacket structure (50), the tube side inlet tube box (30) is fixedly connected with the shell (10), and the contact part between the tube side inlet tube box (30) and the shell (10) is closed; a supporting connecting pipe (60) which is used for connecting the shell (10) and the jacket structure (50) and is convenient for the tube side inlet tube box (30) to penetrate through is arranged between the shell (10) and the jacket structure (50), and a gap is arranged between the tube side inlet tube box (30) and the jacket structure (50).
5. A high efficiency compact steam generator as recited in claim 4, wherein: one end, far away from the shell (10), of each tube side inlet tube box (30) is an inlet end, the inlet end is connected with a heat source of the nuclear power station and used for introducing hot fluid, a cavity (31) for containing the hot fluid is arranged inside each tube side inlet tube box (30), an outlet end of each tube side inlet tube box (30) is arranged inside the jacket structure (50) to form a tube plate (32) with at least one group of round holes, and each heat exchange tube bundle (21) contained in a heat exchange tube bundle set corresponding to each tube side inlet tube box (30) corresponds to and is communicated with each group of round holes formed in the tube plate (32) one by one and is used for receiving the hot fluid in the tube side inlet tube boxes (30).
6. A high efficiency compact steam generator as recited in claim 3, wherein: the bottom end of the shell (10) is provided with an integral tube plate (13), hole groups (131) penetrating through the integral tube plate (13) are symmetrically arranged on the integral tube plate (13) around the circle center of the integral tube plate, the number of the hole groups is the same as that of the heat exchange tube bundle sets, each heat exchange tube bundle set corresponds to one group of the hole groups (131), and each heat exchange tube (211) contained in each heat exchange tube bundle set corresponds to each round hole in the corresponding hole group (131) one by one; the periphery of each hole group (131) is fixedly connected with a tube pass outlet tube box (40), a cavity of each tube pass outlet tube box (40) is connected with the hole group (131) so as to receive hot fluid flowing out of the heat exchange tube bundle (21), and the hot fluid is discharged from one end, far away from the integral tube plate (13), of each tube pass outlet tube box (40).
7. A high efficiency compact steam generator as recited in claim 2, wherein: the separation part comprises a primary steam-water separation structure (80) arranged on the end plate (51) and a secondary steam-water separation structure (90) arranged on the seal head (11); the primary steam-water separation structure (80) is detachably connected with the end plate (51) through a countersunk head screw structure, and the secondary steam-water separation structure (90) is detachably connected with the seal head (11) through a countersunk head screw structure.
8. A high efficiency compact steam generator as recited in claim 7, wherein: the secondary steam-water separation structure (90) is formed by overlapping corrugated plates or wire meshes, and the corrugated plates or the wire meshes are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the shell pass outlet (100) to form an annular steam-water separation channel; the center of annular catch water passageway is provided with funnel shaped metal sheet (95), metal sheet (95) base rigid coupling in annular catch water passageway keeps away from the outside border of shell side export (100), the central minimum trompil of metal sheet (95) and rigid coupling drainage tubule (96), drainage tubule (96) hang perpendicularly and establish directly over end plate (51), make steam pass through the comdenstion water that collects when secondary separation catch water structure (90) is followed metal sheet (95) center drainage tubule (96) are discharged to end plate (51) and are flowed in again in the annular gap between jacket structure (50) and casing (10), cyclic utilization.
9. A high efficiency compact steam generator as recited in claim 6, wherein: the middle supporting rod (22) is of a sleeve structure, the upper end of the middle supporting rod, namely an inner tube (221), is fixedly connected with the center of the lower surface of the end plate (51), the lower end of the middle supporting rod, namely an outer tube (222), is fixedly connected with the center of the upper surface of the integral tube plate (13), the top end of the outer pipe (222) at least reaches the height of the lower edge of the tube side inlet tube box (30) on the jacket structure (50), a through hole is arranged at the overlapping part of the inner pipe (221) and the outer pipe (222) of the middle supporting rod (22), the through hole is a vertical hole which is arranged along the axial direction of the support rod, a limit rod (223) which penetrates through the inner pipe (221) and the outer pipe (222) is arranged in the vertical hole, the two ends of the limiting rod (223) are provided with arc-shaped hooks or nuts for preventing the limiting rod (223) from falling, the limiting rod (223) can move up and down in the vertical hole and is used for achieving limited expansion when the middle supporting rod (22) expands with heat.
10. A high efficiency compact steam generator as claimed in claim 3 or 6 wherein: a guide plate (52) is arranged at the bottom end of the jacket structure (50), the guide plate (52) is perpendicular to the inner wall of the jacket structure (50) and forms an annular pore with the middle support rod (22), a through hole corresponding to the hole group (131) formed on the integral tube plate (13) in the vertical direction is formed in the guide plate (52), and the through hole is used for the heat exchange tube bundle to pass through in a gathering manner; the annular hole enables secondary side feed water to conveniently enter a gap of a heat exchange tube core (20) arranged in the jacket structure (50), and secondary side feed water is prevented from flowing only along the outer side of the heat exchange tube core (20) due to resistance influence.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114109533A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-03-01 | 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 | Efficient gas turbine rotor air cooler and leakage-proof control method |
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