CN111924967B - Method for quickly starting anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly starting an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction, which comprises the following steps: inoculating black and odorous bottom mud of the river channel in the reactor; then taking calcium nitrate as the only water inlet substrate, and feeding water into the starting device for the first stage to perform reaction; after a period of time, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are taken as water inlet substrates, water is fed into the starting device at the second stage, and then reaction is carried out. In the invention, water distribution only containing calcium nitrate is taken as inlet water in the first stage, water distribution containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is taken as inlet water in the second stage, and the start of anaerobic ammonia oxidation is completed by continuously increasing the load of inlet water nitrogen. The invention can lead the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, TOC and AVS in the bottom sediment to be more than 90 percent through the operation of the first stage; through the initial operation of the second stage, the removal rates of the ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen in the effluent can be respectively stabilized to be more than 80.0 percent and 90.0 percent. The invention uses the black and odorous bottom sludge of the river as the inoculation sludge and the calcium nitrate as the early-stage water inlet matrix, and can quickly start the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water environment treatment and restoration, and particularly relates to a method for quickly starting an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction of black and odorous bottom mud of an urban river, in particular to a domestication and cultivation method of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge.
Background
After the project of treating the urban river channels by covering water and black and odorous water is completed, the river channels present a high-nitrogen nutrient salt and lower C/N ratio habitat which is favorable for inducing anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction, and accumulation of nutrient elements such as nitrogen in the water body can cause eutrophication of the water body, so that the phenomenon of black and odorous water in the river channels is changed into the phenomenon of water bloom, and the ecological system of the water body is seriously damaged.
After the black and odorous river channel remediation project is completed, the phenomenon of water covering and black and odorous river channels is eliminated, but the phenomenon of black and odorous river channel bottom mud is still not solved, the river channel black and odorous bottom mud is in a reducing state such as high ammonia nitrogen and high AVS, the primary idea for treating the black and odorous bottom mud is to add substances for strengthening oxidation states, the addition of calcium nitrate into the bottom mud is a mature black and odorous bottom mud in-situ treatment technology at present, documents show that after the addition of the calcium nitrate into the black and odorous bottom mud, the abundance of denitrifying microorganisms is greatly increased, wherein the abundance of anammox functional gene hydrazine synthase (HZS) is remarkably increased, and the problem that the anaerobic ammoxidation reaction is started by taking the river channel black and odorous bottom mud as inoculation sludge and adding the calcium nitrate becomes a subject worthy of deep research is solved.
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction refers to that anaerobic nitrogen oxide bacteria react with NH in an anaerobic environment4 +As electron donors with NO2 -As an electron acceptor, directly converts ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen into nitrogen gas simultaneously. Compared with the traditional nitrification and denitrification biological denitrification process, the technology can realize denitrification without adding an organic carbon source, alkalinity or oxygen supply, has low operation cost and is the most potential denitrification process in the future. However, the production rate of the anammox bacteria is very slow, the maximum specific growth rate is 0.0027/h, and the doubling time is 11d, so that the culture enrichment is difficult and takes at least several months. The problem of too long start-up period of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process has become a major bottleneck preventing the process from being applied to the denitrification treatment of municipal sewage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly starting anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction by taking black and odorous bottom sludge of an urban river as inoculated sludge. According to the characteristics of the black and odorous bottom mud of the urban river, calcium nitrate is added into the early-stage inlet water as a water inlet substrate, so that the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process can be stimulated, and the starting of anaerobic ammonia oxidation is accelerated. The method for quickly starting the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction comprises the steps of inoculating black and odorous bottom mud of an urban river into a reactor, and adding calcium nitrate Ca (NO) into water in the first stage3)2·4H2And O, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction can be quickly started, and the application of the reaction in actual sewage treatment is facilitated.
In the prior art, the sludge of a municipal sewage plant or mixed sludge containing mature anaerobic ammonium oxidation sludge is taken as inoculation sludge to start the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction (namely, how to quickly start the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction is researched, and the starting time is shortened), and the research on black and odorous bottom sludge in the special environment of the municipal black and odorous river is fresh and smelly. The anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction is mainly applied to the denitrification link of a sewage treatment plant, so the research on starting the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction by using sludge in the sewage treatment plant is more, the previous research on black and odorous watercourses mostly adopts the step of adding calcium nitrate and utilizing an in-situ remediation technology to carry out in-situ treatment, and the pollutants in the black and odorous watercourses are removed to restore the water body, and the attention on the biological processes in the black and odorous bottom sludge including the anaerobic ammonium oxidation process is less, so the research on using the black and odorous bottom sludge as the inoculated sludge of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction is fresh.
The invention takes black and odorous bottom mud as reactor inoculation sludge, calcium nitrate as water inlet substrate, and the actual condition is reactor technology.
The invention provides a method for quickly starting an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction, which comprises a water inlet configuration method, an inoculation sludge selection and inoculation method, and a reactor constant-temperature light-shading protection and operation method.
The method for rapidly starting the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction comprises the following steps: firstly, inoculating sludge is loaded into a starting device, then water is fed into the starting device for the first stage, and reaction is carried out under the conditions of light resistance, constant temperature and sealing; after a period of time, the second stage of water feeding is carried out, and the reaction is carried out under the conditions of light protection, constant temperature and sealing.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) loading the inoculated sludge into a starting device;
(2) then taking calcium nitrate as the only water inlet substrate, feeding water into a starting device at the first stage, and reacting under the conditions of light resistance, constant temperature and sealing.
(3) After a period of time, with ammonia nitrogen (ammonium chloride NH)4Cl) and nitrous nitrogen (sodium nitrite, NaNO)2) And (3) feeding water into the starting device for the second stage as a water feeding matrix, and reacting under the conditions of light resistance, constant temperature and sealing.
The second stage of the present invention is used to verify whether the anammox reaction is initiated in the first stage.
In the step (1), the inoculated sludge is urban river black and odorous bottom sludge, in particular urban river black and odorous bottom sludge with higher ammonia nitrogen, TOC and AVS concentrations.
Wherein the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen is 400-500 mg/kg; the concentration of TOC is 4000-5000 mg/kg; the concentration of AVS is 4000-5000 mg/kg.
In the step (1), simple dehydration and impurity removal steps are required before the inoculated sludge is loaded into the starting device, namely, after static precipitation and pouring out of the overlying water, the obtained bottom sludge at the bottom is screened to remove impurities such as branches and stone particles, and then the bottom sludge is dehydrated by gauze to obtain the agglomerated bottom sludge.
In the step (1), the starting device is an ASBR reactor, a UASB reactor, an AnMBR reactor, an EGSB reactor and the like; preferably an ASBR reactor.
The invention takes simulated wastewater as inflow water and carries out two-stage inflow, wherein the simulated inflow water specifically means that laboratory water distribution is used for replacing actual sewage.
Water is fed in the first stage:
the matrix component in the first stage inlet water is calcium nitrate Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O。
The volume ratio of the inflow water to the inoculated sludge in the first stage is (1-3): (1-3); preferably, 1: 1.
the optimal concentration of the substrate calcium nitrate in the inlet water of the first stage is selected by experimental groups 1 (1g/L), 2(2g/L), 3(3g/L) and 4(4g/L) with different concentrations, the optimal concentration is 3g/L (the volume ratio of the inlet water to the inoculated sludge is 1: 1 at the moment), and the concentration of the inlet water calcium nitrate of the experimental group 3(3g/L) is gradually reduced to 0 in the later stage of inlet water of the first stage so as to start the operation of the second stage.
The first stage of the invention, the later stage of water inlet, specifically refers to: in the stage after the concentration of the sulfate in the effluent of the reactor reaches the maximum value, the concentration of the calcium nitrate in the influent is gradually reduced according to the change of the nitrate removal rate (namely: 3g/L → 2g/L → 1g/L → 0), namely when the nitrate removal rate is obviously reduced (for example, from 3g/L to 2g/L), the concentration of the calcium nitrate as the substrate can be reduced in the next influent. The operation time of the later stage of water inlet can be adjusted according to the removal rate conditions of ammonia nitrogen, TOC and AVS in the bottom sludge.
The conditions for carrying out the reaction in the first-stage starting device are as follows: keeping the temperature at 35 + -1 deg.C, operating period at 2-48h, controlling dissolved oxygen at 0-0.3mg/L, wrapping the outer wall of the reaction device with heat insulating material, and sealing the acclimation system.
Preferably, the temperature is kept at 35 +/-1 ℃, the operation period is 48h (water inlet is 0.5h, reaction and precipitation are 47h, water outlet is 0.5h), the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be below 0.2mg/L, the outer wall of the reaction device is wrapped by black heat insulation cotton material, and the domestication system is closed.
Water inflow in the second stage:
the volume ratio of the second stage inlet water to the inoculated sludge is (1-3): (1-3); preferably, 1: 1.
the substrate component in the second stage inlet water is ammonia nitrogen NH4Cl and nitrous nitrogen NaNO2。
The substrate ammonia nitrogen NH in the second stage of water inflow4The concentration of Cl is 6-8 mM; preferably, it is 6 mM.
The substrate ammonia nitrogen NH in the second stage water inlet4Cl and nitrous nitrogen NaNO2In a molar ratio of 1: 1.32.
the conditions for carrying out the reaction in the second stage starting device are as follows: keeping the temperature at 35 + -1 deg.C, operating period at 2-48h, controlling dissolved oxygen at 0-0.3mg/L, wrapping the outer wall of the reaction device with heat insulating material, and sealing the acclimation system.
Preferably, the temperature is kept at 35 +/-1 ℃, the operation period is 48 hours, the dissolved oxygen is controlled below 0.2mg/L, the outer wall of the reaction device is wrapped by black heat-insulating cotton materials, and the domestication system is closed.
The optimal concentration of calcium nitrate in the first stage and the optimal concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the second stage of the invention are both obtained by experiments.
Before water enters the two stages, nitrogen is introduced to remove oxygen, and if nitrogen is blown for 5-10min, the oxygen in the water can be removed (the water distribution volume of the invention is small, and a pipe for introducing the nitrogen is thick, so the flow rate/flow rate is proper when the nitrogen is blown).
In a specific embodiment, the method specifically comprises the steps of:
(1) taking black and odorous bottom mud of the urban river as inoculation sludge;
(2) the ASBR is used as a starting device, calcium nitrate is used as the only water inlet substrate in the first stage, the inlet water is added into the ASBR through a peristaltic pump for reaction, and the first stage is operated for about 60 days under the conditions of light resistance, constant temperature and sealing;
(3) starting second-stage water inflow, taking ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen as water inflow matrixes, wherein the molar ratio of the ammonia nitrogen to the nitrite nitrogen is 1: 1.32, adding the inlet water into an ASBR reactor through a peristaltic pump for reaction, and running for about 14 days in the second stage under the conditions of light resistance, constant temperature and sealing (wherein the ammonia nitrogen removal rate can reach 80%, the nitrite nitrogen removal rate is close to 100% and the total nitrogen removal rate can reach 90% in the 14 th day of the second stage), which indicates that the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction is successfully started in the first stage.
The second stage of the present invention is run over a period of time (e.g., about 14 days) to verify that the first stage has successfully initiated the anammox reaction because: ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen of the water inlet substrate in the second stage are mixed according to a molar ratio of 1: 1.32, because the activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation after calcium nitrate is added in the first stage is not clear in the initial stage of an experiment, the concentration of substrate ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the inlet water in the second stage is increased in a gradient manner from low to high, and the nitrite nitrogen in the initial stage of the second stage is simultaneously utilized by the anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification processes, so that the nitrite nitrogen is insufficient, and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is low, but the condition does not indicate that the anaerobic ammonia oxidation is not started successfully. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is increased, sufficient nitrite nitrogen can be utilized by the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, so that the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is increased. Therefore, a period of time is needed to study the optimal influent concentration of the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrite nitrogen in the second stage at the initial stage, and the second stage experiment of the invention also shows that the optimal influent concentration of the substrate ammonia nitrogen in the second stage is 6 mM.
The 'first-stage operation time' of the invention takes the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, TOC and AVS in the bottom sediment as the standard, and if the removal rates are more than 90%, the first-stage operation is considered to be finished.
Wherein, the calculation of the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, TOC and AVS in the sediment is carried out by the following modes: and (3) periodically (for example, measuring once in 3-4 periods) taking bottom sludge from the reactor to measure the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, TOC and AVS after the sulfate concentration and the nitrate and nitrogen removal rate in the effluent of the reactor reach the maximum values, and further calculating the removal rate.
The period of the present invention is 48 hours.
The reason why the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, TOC and AVS are measured by taking the bottom sludge from the reactor periodically only when the concentration of the sulfate and the removal rate of the nitrate and the nitrogen in the effluent reach the maximum values is selected as follows: when the sulfate concentration and the nitrate and nitrogen removal rate in the effluent of the reactor reach the maximum values, the removal rate of AVS and organic matters (taking TOC as a standard) in the bottom sludge reaches the peak value, and after the stage, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, TOC and AVS in the bottom sludge is closer to the standard (the removal rate is more than 90%) of the end of the first stage operation, so that the ammonia nitrogen in the bottom sludge is regularly measured after the stage, and the removal rate of the TOC and AVS is more reasonable.
The second stage operation time of the invention takes the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent of the reactor as a standard, and if the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent is stabilized to be more than 80%, the start of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction is considered to be successful, namely the second stage operation is finished.
The measuring time points in the two stages of the invention are based on the operation period of the reactor, the water inlet of the ASBR reactor is intermittent water inlet, and if the operation period is 48 hours, the measuring period in each stage is once for 48 hours.
The invention screens out the optimum concentration of the calcium nitrate of the ASBR reactor in the first stage when Ca (NO) is fed3)2·4H2When the O concentration is 3g/L (the volume ratio of the inlet water to the inoculated sludge is 1: 1) (day 27), the sulfate concentration (350mg/L) in the outlet water of the reactor is the highest, and the nitrate and nitrogen removal rate (45.3%) is the highest.
According to the rapid starting method for anaerobic ammonia oxidation, an ASBR (anaerobic sequencing batch reactor) is adopted to inoculate black and odorous bottom mud of a river channel, in the first stage, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation ANAMMOX reaction is started under the condition that calcium nitrate is used as a unique water inlet substrate, and Total Organic Carbon (TOC), ammonia nitrogen and acid volatile sulfur (AV) of the bottom mud are inoculated after about 60 days of operationS) removal rates of 91.3%, 92.4% and 96.6% respectively, fluorescent quantitative PCR results show that the number of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria is increased by about 21 times,15the N isotope results indicate that the denitrification contribution of anammox increases from 3.07% to 27.6%. In the second stage, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are used as water inflow substrates, when the concentrations of the initial ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are 14mg/L and 18.5mg/L respectively, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate can reach 32.0%, and the total nitrogen removal rate can reach 67.8%; when the operation is carried out for 74 days (ammonia nitrogen: 112 mg/L; nitrite nitrogen: 148mg/L), the removal rates of the ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen are respectively 80.1 percent and 90.0 percent. The results all show that calcium nitrate is beneficial to starting anaerobic ammonium oxidation.
In addition, the second stage of the method is used for verifying whether the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process of the first stage is started successfully, and the experimental data show that the second stage realizes efficient and stable removal of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in a short time and with a high water inlet concentration. Thus, the calcium nitrate is used as the only water inlet matrix in the first stage of the method, and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction can be successfully started. Namely, the object of the present invention is achieved: calcium nitrate may accelerate the start of anammox.
The mechanism of starting the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction is that the strong oxidizing property of calcium nitrate stimulates the biological denitrification processes such as heterotrophic denitrification, sulfur autotrophic denitrification and the like in the bottom sludge, so that the pollutants such as TOC, AVS and the like in the black and odorous bottom sludge are greatly reduced, and a good environment is created for the generation of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process; wherein nitrite nitrogen generated by partial denitrification provides a reaction substrate for anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and a large amount of ammonia nitrogen in the bottom sediment can also provide a reaction substrate for anaerobic ammonia oxidation. Thus, calcium nitrate stimulates the coupling reaction of Partial denitrification with anammox (PDA). In addition, calcium nitrate can also induce the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate in the sediment into ammonium (DNRA), which can also provide a reaction substrate for anammox (DNRA-anammox), so that calcium nitrate can promote the coupling of denitrification, anammox and DNRA, so that the anammox reaction can be started quickly.
The uniqueness of the mechanism for initiating anammox reactions of the present invention is: black and odorous substrate sludge is used as inoculated sludge, high-concentration AVS and TOC existing in the sludge are used as electron donors, a carbon source and a sulfur source do not need to be added manually, a proper amount of calcium nitrate is used as a water inlet substrate, and the processes of heterotrophic denitrification, sulfur autotrophic denitrification and the like are stimulated to the greatest extent, so that the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria is indirectly stimulated, and the rapid start of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction is realized.
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation quick start method has the beneficial effects that: (1) utilizing black and odorous bottom mud of the urban river as the only inoculated sludge; (2) the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction is successfully and rapidly started by adopting the ASBR for the first time in a mode that the river black and odorous bottom sludge is used as the only inoculated sludge and the influent water is used as the only influent substrate, so that the starting time of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor is greatly shortened, and the ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen are stably and efficiently removed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of parametric indicators of anaerobic ammonia oxidation performance of the reactor after 60 days of treatment with calcium nitrate addition.
FIG. 2 shows the results of parametric indicators of anaerobic ammonia oxidation performance of the reactor 60 days before the addition of calcium nitrate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
Example 1
(1) An ASBR reactor with an effective volume of 5L is adopted to inoculate 2.5L of black and odorous bottom mud collected from an industrial river. The heat-insulating layer of the reactor is maintained at 35 +/-1 ℃ by a constant-temperature water bath kettle, and is operated in a dark place with the operation period of 48 hours.
(2) Water is fed in the first stage: pumping feed water containing calcium nitrate into the reactor, wherein the feed water comprises the following components: ca (NO)3)2·4H2O3 g/L, and the water inlet volume is 2.5L.
By day 19, the sulfate concentration (594.3mg/L) and nitrate removal (65.2%) in the reactor effluent reached a maximum.
After about 30 days of operation, ammonia nitrogen NH is added into the inlet water4Cl(NH4 +-N) (the embodiment is a subsequent verification experiment of the invention, ammonia nitrogen is not added in the first stage of the early stage experiment, so ammonia nitrogen is added in two continuous periods on the 30 th day of the first stage operation of the embodiment to determine the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen in the stage, so as to indicate the activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the first stage), the concentration is 14mg/L, and the average removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen after two periods of operation is 45.7%.
After running for about 60 days, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are used for replacing calcium nitrate as water fed in the second stage, and the average removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen is 57.8 percent (the ammonia nitrogen is 14 mg/L; the nitrite nitrogen is 18.5mg/L) after continuous running for two periods; the water inlet in the second stage comprises the following components: NH (NH)4Cl 14-112mg/L、NaNO218.5-148mg/L、KHCO3 0.5g/L、MgCl2·6H20.43g/L of O and 1ml/L of trace element stock solution;
wherein, the microelement stock solution (g/L) comprises the following components: h3BO40.014，ZnSO4·7H2O 0.43，CuSO4·5H2O 0.25，NaMoO4·2H2O 0.22，CoCl2·6H2O 0.24，MnCl2·4H2O 0.19， NiCl2·6H2O 0.19，Na2WO4·2H2O 0.05。
And continuously running for about 67 days (ammonia nitrogen: 56 mg/L; nitrite nitrogen: 74mg/L), wherein the removal rates of the ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen are 82.4% and 93.3% respectively, which proves that the anaerobic ammonia oxidation starting is completed (the starting time is shortened compared with the expected experiment because the calcium nitrate concentration in the inlet water at the first stage is the optimal inlet water calcium nitrate concentration, and the removal rates of the ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen both meet the requirements of the application). In addition, when the reactor is operated for 74 days (ammonia nitrogen: 112 mg/L; nitrite nitrogen: 148mg/L), the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen are 93.3 percent and 96.1 percent respectively.
In another control group without adding calcium nitrate, only ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are taken as inflow water (ammonia nitrogen: 14 mg/L; nitrite nitrogen: 18.5mg/L), the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is 0% when the control group runs for 60 days, the total nitrogen removal rate is only 48.8%, and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate and the total nitrogen removal rate are respectively 38.9% and 78.8% when the control group runs for 74 days.
Thus, the experimental results further indicate that calcium nitrate favors the initiation of anammox.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (4)
1. A method for rapidly starting an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) loading the inoculated sludge into a starting device; the inoculation sludge is urban river black and odorous bottom sludge, and the urban river black and odorous bottom sludge is the urban river black and odorous bottom sludge with ammonia nitrogen concentration of 400-5000 mg/kg, TOC concentration of 4000-5000mg/kg and AVS concentration of 4000-5000 mg/kg;
(2) then taking calcium nitrate as the only water inlet substrate, feeding water into a starting device at the first stage, and reacting under the conditions of light resistance, constant temperature and sealing; the concentration of calcium nitrate in the inlet water of the first stage is 3 g/L; the volume ratio of the inflow water to the inoculated sludge in the first stage is (1-3): (1-3);
(3) after a period of time, taking ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen as water inflow substrates, performing second-stage water inflow in a starting device, and reacting under the conditions of light resistance, constant temperature and sealing; the volume ratio of the second stage inlet water to the inoculated sludge is (1-3): (1-3); ammonia nitrogen NH in the second stage inlet water4The Cl concentration was 6-8 mM.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the start-up device is an ASBR reactor, a UASB reactor, an AnMBR reactor, an EGSB reactor.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second stage feed water comprises ammonia nitrogen, NH4Cl and nitrous nitrogen NaNO21: 1.32.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of protection from light, constant temperature and containment are in particular: keeping the temperature at 35 +/-1 ℃, operating period at 2-48h, blowing water in for 5-10min by nitrogen to control the dissolved oxygen at 0-0.3mg/L, wrapping the outer wall of the reactor by a heat insulating material, and sealing the acclimation system.
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| 《ASBR型厌氧氨氧化反应器启动及污泥颗粒化研究》;林剑波;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》;20110315(第3期);论文第3-18页 * |
| 《In-situ remediation of sediment by calcium nitrate combined with;Weiping Li;《Science of the Total Environment》;20190826;论文第1、2、5、9页 * |
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