CN111922631B - Steering knuckle bushing push-free process - Google Patents
Steering knuckle bushing push-free process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111922631B CN111922631B CN202010599304.XA CN202010599304A CN111922631B CN 111922631 B CN111922631 B CN 111922631B CN 202010599304 A CN202010599304 A CN 202010599304A CN 111922631 B CN111922631 B CN 111922631B
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- bushing
- press
- steering knuckle
- fitting
- main pin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P13/02—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass in which only the machining operations are important
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for
- B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
- B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/02—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for connecting objects by press fit or for detaching same
Abstract
The invention provides a steering knuckle bushing push-free process, which comprises the following steps: step S1: placing the bushing in a numerical control lathe, and turning and forming an excircle guide angle at the bottom of the bushing; step S2: fixing the steering knuckle in a vertical machining center, and boring and forming main pin holes of an upper lug and a lower lug of the steering knuckle through rough boring, chamfering and fine boring by adopting a fine machining process; step S3: pretreatment before pressing in: placing the lining in a liquid nitrogen environment for treatment for 2-3 h; step S4: and (3) bush press fitting: and respectively pressing the bushing into the main pin holes on two sides by adopting a press-fitting machine. The invention adopts the improvement of the bushing, the steering knuckle processing technology, the structure and the installation operation, is different from the prior art that the ironing rod needs to iron and push the inside of the bushing, realizes the pushing-free technology of the steering knuckle bushing, ensures that the bushing has small deformation after being pressed in, does not generate bulge, has good coaxiality and complete and beautiful inner hole surface of the bushing, and finally realizes the purpose of prolonging the service life of the steering knuckle, the bushing, the kingpin and even the whole front axle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steering knuckle processing and installation, in particular to a steering knuckle bushing push-free process.
Background
The steering knuckle is also called as a cleat, is one of important parts in an automobile steering axle, and can enable an automobile to stably run and sensitively transmit the running direction. The knuckle is a hinge for steering the wheel, and is generally fork-shaped. The upper fork and the lower fork are provided with two coaxial holes for mounting the main pin, and the steering knuckle journal is used for mounting a wheel. Two ears of a pin hole on the steering knuckle are connected with the fist-shaped parts at two ends of the front shaft through the main pin, so that the front wheel can deflect a certain angle around the main pin to steer the automobile. In order to reduce the abrasion, a bronze bushing is pressed into a pin hole of the steering knuckle, and the lubrication of the bushing is lubricated by injecting lubricating grease by a lubricating nipple arranged on the steering knuckle.
In the prior art, in order to ensure that a steering knuckle bushing of a vehicle does not loosen during driving, when the bushing is pressed into a main pin hole of a steering knuckle, the outer diameter of the bushing is in interference fit with the main pin hole, so that the outer edge of the bushing is extruded and deformed to arch, a silt edge is generated in a gap between the bushing and the steering knuckle when the bushing is pressed in, the extruded and arched part ejects the bushing from outside to inside, an inner hole of the bushing is bulged, the inner diameter of the bushing is reduced, and the subsequent steering knuckle and a main pin are difficult to assemble. In addition, in the prior art, the bushing is pressed into the knuckle and is manually aligned with the main pin hole, then the bushing is pressed by the pressing device, and during pressing, the alignment accuracy of the bushing is low, the bushing is easy to incline, the bushing inclines in the knuckle, the deformation and abrasion probability is increased, and the service life of the bushing is shortened.
The existing notice number CN106392989A is named as: the invention discloses a steering knuckle nondestructive bushing pressing process, which is characterized in that after a bushing is installed in an interference fit mode with a main pin hole, an ironing rod is needed to shape and iron the bushing, the installation precision of the bushing is guaranteed, the extrusion damage to the bushing is reduced, and after the ironing rod shapes and presses, the inner diameter of the bushing is increased to meet the assembly requirement. However, the inner hole of the bushing extruded in the mode can rebound under the action of residual stress, the inner hole becomes small after rebound, the main pin is difficult to assemble, and smooth assembly of the bushing and the main pin is finally influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention adopts the improvement of three aspects of processing technology, structure and installation operation of the bushing and the steering knuckle, and is different from the prior art that the ironing rod or the pushing rod needs to be ironed and pushed inside the bushing, thereby realizing the pushing-free technology of the steering knuckle bushing, ensuring small deformation after the bushing is pressed in, no protrusion, good coaxiality, good wear resistance of the bushing and complete and beautiful inner hole surface of the bushing, and finally realizing the purpose of prolonging the service life of the steering knuckle, the bushing, the kingpin and even the whole front axle.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the steering knuckle bushing push-free process comprises the following steps:
step S1: processing an excircle guide angle of the bushing: placing the bushing in a numerical control lathe, and turning and forming an excircle guide angle at the bottom of the bushing;
step S2: finish machining of a main pin hole of the steering knuckle: fixing the steering knuckle in a vertical machining center, and boring and forming main pin holes of an upper lug and a lower lug of the steering knuckle through rough boring, chamfering and fine boring by adopting a fine machining process;
step S3: pretreatment before pressing in: placing the lining in a liquid nitrogen environment for treatment for 2-3 h;
step S4: and (3) bush press fitting: and respectively pressing the bushings into the main pin holes of the upper lug and the lower lug by adopting a press-fitting machine.
As a further configuration of the present invention, in step S1, the finishing process is: the main pin holes of the upper lug and the lower lug of the steering knuckle are firstly bored roughly by a rough boring cutter to form holes, then chamfers are machined by a chamfer cutter from outside to inside, then the steering knuckle is rotated by 180 degrees to machine the chamfers on the other side of the main pin holes, and finally the main pin holes of the upper lug and the lower lug are finely bored and formed by a long rod fine boring cutter.
As a further arrangement of the present invention, in step S4, the present invention further includes a press-fitting positioning device, fixing the knuckle on the press-fitting machine, fixing the press-fitting positioning device on the outer side surface of the upper lug of the knuckle, fixing the bushing in the press-fitting positioning device, pressing the bushing into the king pin hole of the upper lug, rotating the knuckle 180 °, fixing the press-fitting positioning device on the outer side surface of the lower lug of the knuckle, fixing the bushing in the press-fitting positioning device, and pressing the bushing into the king pin hole of the lower lug, thereby completing the press-fitting of the bushing of the knuckle.
As a further configuration of the present invention, step S5 is further included after step S4: and (3) re-expanding the lining sleeve: and placing the installed steering knuckle in a normal temperature environment for 1-3 h.
As a further arrangement of the invention, in step S1, the orifice chamfers of the master pin holes of the upper lug and the lower lug are a fillet structure with a radius R of 2mm and a chamfer width dimension of 2mm, wherein the chamfer angle is 25-35 degrees.
As a further arrangement of the invention, in step S2, the guide fillet structure with the guide angle of 15-18 degrees on the excircle of the bush has the radius R of 2mm, and the width dimension of the guide angle is 2 mm.
The press-fitting positioning device comprises a press-fitting positioning body, wherein the press-fitting positioning body is a hollow ring, and the inner diameter of the hollow ring is larger than the aperture of the main pin hole.
As a further arrangement of the invention, one end of the press-fitting positioning body in the radial direction also comprises a positioning ring, the positioning ring is provided with a positioning guide angle, and the positioning guide angle is matched with the position and the shape of the orifice chamfer of the main pin hole.
As a further arrangement of the invention, the inner diameter of the positioning ring is larger than or equal to that of the press-fitting positioning body, the positioning guide angle is 25-35 degrees, the radius R of the positioning guide angle structure is 2mm, and the width dimension of the guide angle is 2 mm.
As a further arrangement of the invention, the orifice chamfers of the main pin holes of the upper lug and the lower lug are in a 30-degree chamfer angle structure, the guide fillet structure with the guide angle of the excircle of the bushing being 15 degrees, and the positioning guide angle being 30 degrees.
The beneficial effect of this scheme is:
1. according to the invention, the excircle guide angle of the bush is set to be 2mm multiplied by 15 degrees, the chamfer angle of the main pin hole of the steering knuckle is changed into 2mm multiplied by 30 degrees, the resistance received when the bush is pressed in is reduced, so that the stress deformation probability of the inner hole of the bush is reduced, and the integrity of the bush is improved.
2. In the processing steps of the main pin holes of the upper lug and the lower lug, the process of respectively boring the holes by using a butt boring machine is different from the transmission process of simultaneously boring the holes by using a rough boring cutter and a long rod fine boring cutter on a vertical processing center, so that the coaxiality of the main pin hole of the steering knuckle can be greatly improved while the aperture precision of the main pin hole is effectively improved, the coaxiality of the main pin hole after the bushing is pressed in is further ensured, the abrasion of the bushing due to the coaxiality of the main pin is reduced, and the service life of the bushing is prolonged.
3. The machining method is different from the machining mode of firstly carrying out fine boring and then carrying out chamfering in the traditional process, the burrs and the silted edges formed by the chamfering are removed, the smoothness degree of the inner surface of the main pin hole is ensured, and the probability of deformation of the bushing is reduced.
4. According to the invention, before the bushing is pressed into the main pin hole of the steering knuckle, liquid nitrogen cooling treatment is carried out on the bushing, so that the outer diameter of the bushing is temporarily reduced, the bushing and the main pin hole are in a clearance fit state when pressed into the main pin hole, the bushing can be conveniently pressed into the main pin hole without damage, the bushing recovers to normal temperature after a certain time, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bushing are expanded back to the initial state, the bushing and the main pin hole are in interference fit, the diameters of the inner hole and the outer circle of the bushing are the same as the original design size, the probability of stress deformation of the inner hole of the bushing is reduced, and meanwhile, smooth installation of a subsequent main pin is facilitated.
5. The invention also provides a press-fitting positioning device which is used for aligning the main pin hole in the press-fitting process and is convenient for leading in the bushing, the bottom of the press-fitting positioning device is provided with a positioning ring matched with the position and the shape of the orifice chamfer of the main pin hole, when in press-fitting, the bushing is firstly placed in the press-fitting positioning device, then the positioning ring of the press-fitting positioning device is clamped into the chamfer of the main pin hole, and then the press-fitting operation is carried out on the bushing by a pressure head of the press-fitting machine, the press-fitting positioning device improves the press-fitting accuracy of the bushing, simultaneously improves the coaxiality of the bushing and the main pin hole, reduces the abrasion degree of the bushing and prolongs the service life of the bushing.
6. According to the invention, through changing the guide angle of the excircle of the bushing and the structure of the chamfer angle of the main pin hole of the steering knuckle, the bushing is subjected to liquid nitrogen cooling treatment before the bushing is pressed in, then when the bushing is pressed by a press-fitting device, the main pin hole is aligned and positioned by the press-fitting positioning device, the bushing is accurately guided into the main pin hole, the structures of all parts and all steps interact with each other, the pushing and shaping process after the press-fitting process in the prior art is omitted, the bushing which is coaxial with the main pin hole and free of deformation and protrusion after the bushing is pressed in and has a complete and attractive inner hole surface is obtained, and the service life of the bushing is finally prolonged.
7. The invention keeps a certain clearance at the joint closing position when manufacturing the bushing, so that the impact force borne by the bushing during pressing in is slowly released at the joint closing position, the clearance of the table seam is eliminated, the diameters of the inner circle and the outer circle of the bushing are correspondingly adjusted, the diameters of the inner circle and the outer circle of the bushing are ensured to be the same as the original design size after the bushing is pressed in and the clearance is eliminated, and the stress deformation degree of the bushing after pressing in can be greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a knuckle bushing of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the knuckle bushing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional structural view of a kingpin hole of the knuckle of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the press-fitting positioning device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the press-fitting positioning device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the press head, bushing, press fitting locator and knuckle king pin hole prior to press fitting of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the press-fitting indenter, the bushing, the press-fitting positioning device, and the knuckle king pin hole of the present invention after press-fitting.
In the figure, the press-fitting positioning device comprises a bushing 1, a main pin hole 2, a main pin hole 3, an outer circle guide angle 4, a chamfer 5, a press-fitting positioning device 6, a press-fitting positioning body 7, a positioning ring 8, a positioning guide angle 9 and a pressure head.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the push-free process for the knuckle bushing of the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: machining an excircle guide angle 3 of the bushing: placing the bush 1 in a numerical control lathe, and turning and forming an outer circle guide angle 3 at the bottom of the bush 1;
step S2: finish machining of a main pin hole of the steering knuckle: fixing the steering knuckle in a vertical machining center, and boring and forming the main pin hole 2 of the upper lug and the lower lug of the steering knuckle through rough boring, chamfering 4 and fine boring by adopting a fine machining process;
step S3: pretreatment before pressing in: the lining 1 is placed in a liquid nitrogen environment for treatment for 2-3 h;
step S4: and (3) bush press fitting: and respectively pressing the bush 1 into the main pin hole 2 of the upper lug and the lower lug by adopting a press-fitting machine.
Specifically, in step S1, the finishing process includes: the method comprises the steps of firstly roughly boring main pin holes 2 of an upper lug and a lower lug of a steering knuckle in sequence by using a rough boring cutter to form the main pin holes 2 into holes, then machining chamfers 4 from outside to inside by using a chamfer cutter, then rotating the steering knuckle by 180 degrees to machine the chamfers 4 on the other side of the main pin holes 2, and finally finely boring and forming the main pin holes 2 of the upper lug and the lower lug by using a long rod fine boring cutter.
Specifically, in step S4, the method further includes a press-fitting positioning device 5, fixing the knuckle on a press-fitting machine, fixing the press-fitting positioning device 5 on the outer side surface of the upper lug of the knuckle, fixing the bushing 1 in the press-fitting positioning device 5, pressing the bushing 1 into the king pin hole 2 of the upper lug, rotating the knuckle 180 °, fixing the press-fitting positioning device 5 on the outer side surface of the lower lug of the knuckle, fixing the bushing 1 in the press-fitting positioning device 5, and pressing the bushing 1 into the king pin hole 2 of the lower lug, thereby completing press-fitting of the knuckle bushing 1.
Specifically, the method further includes, after the step S4, a step S5: the bushing 1 expands back: and placing the installed steering knuckle in a normal temperature environment for 1-3 h.
Specifically, in step S1, the orifice chamfers 4 of the king pin holes 2 of the upper lug and the lower lug are in a fillet structure of 25 to 35 degrees, the radius R of the fillet structure is 2mm, and the width of the chamfer 4 is 2 mm.
Specifically, in step S2, the guide angle 3 of the outer circle of the bushing is a guide fillet structure of 15 ° to 18 °, the radius R of the guide fillet structure is 2mm, and the width of the guide angle is 2 mm.
Specifically, the press-fitting positioning device 5 comprises a press-fitting positioning body 6, wherein the press-fitting positioning body 6 is a hollow ring, and the inner diameter of the hollow ring is larger than the aperture of the main pin hole 2.
Specifically, one end of the press-fitting positioning body 6 in the radial direction further comprises a positioning ring 7, the positioning ring 7 is provided with a positioning guide angle 8, and the positioning guide angle 8 is matched with the position and the shape of the orifice chamfer 4 of the main pin hole 2.
Specifically, the inner diameter of the positioning ring 7 is larger than or equal to that of the press-fitting positioning body 6, the positioning guide angle 8 ranges from 25 degrees to 35 degrees, the radius R of the positioning guide angle 8 structure is 2mm, and the width dimension of the guide angle is 2 mm.
Specifically, the orifice chamfers 4 of the main pin holes 2 of the upper lug and the lower lug are of 30-degree fillet structures, the guide angle 3 of the excircle of the bushing is of 15-degree guide fillet structures, and the positioning guide angle 8 is of 30 degrees.
Operation of the retaining ring see fig. 6 and 7: during press fitting, the bushing 1 is placed in the press fitting positioning device 5, then the positioning ring 7 of the press fitting positioning device 5 is clamped into the chamfer 4 of the main pin hole 2, then the press fitting operation is carried out on the bushing 1 through the pressure head 9 of the press fitting machine, the press fitting positioning device 5 improves the press fitting accuracy of the bushing, the coaxiality of the bushing 1 and the main pin hole 2 is improved, the abrasion degree of the bushing 1 is reduced, and the service life of the bushing 1 is prolonged.
The steering knuckle bushing push-free process provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are set forth only to help understand the method and its core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The steering knuckle bushing push-free process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: machining an excircle guide angle (3) of the bushing: placing the bushing (1) in a numerical control lathe, and turning and forming an excircle guide angle (3) at the bottom of the bushing (1);
step S2: finish machining of a main pin hole of the steering knuckle: fixing the steering knuckle in a vertical machining center, and boring and forming the main pin hole (2) of the upper lug and the lower lug of the steering knuckle through rough boring, chamfering (4) and fine boring by adopting a fine machining process;
step S3: pretreatment before pressing in: the lining (1) is placed in a liquid nitrogen environment for treatment for 2-3 h;
step S4: and (3) bush press fitting: pressing the bushing (1) into the main pin holes (2) of the upper lug and the lower lug respectively by adopting a press-fitting machine;
in step S2, the finishing process includes: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, roughly boring main pin holes (2) of an upper lug and a lower lug of a steering knuckle in sequence by using a rough boring cutter to form the holes, then machining chamfers (4) from outside to inside by using a chamfer cutter, then machining the chamfers (4) on the other side of the main pin holes (2) by rotating the steering knuckle by 180 degrees, and finally finely boring the main pin holes (2) of the upper lug and the lower lug by using a long rod fine boring cutter to form the steering knuckle;
in the step S4, the mounting and installing device further comprises a press-fitting positioning device (5), the steering knuckle is fixed on the press-fitting machine, the press-fitting positioning device (5) is fixed on the outer side face of an upper lug of the steering knuckle, the bushing (1) is fixed in the press-fitting positioning device (5), the bushing (1) is pressed into a main pin hole (2) of the upper lug, the steering knuckle is rotated 180 degrees, the press-fitting positioning device (5) is fixed on the outer side face of a lower lug of the steering knuckle, the bushing (1) is fixed in the press-fitting positioning device (5), and the bushing (1) is pressed into the main pin hole (2) of the lower lug to complete press-fitting and installation of the steering knuckle bushing (1);
the press-fitting positioning device (5) comprises a press-fitting positioning body (6), the press-fitting positioning body (6) is a hollow circular ring, and the inner diameter of the hollow circular ring is larger than the aperture of the main pin hole (2);
one end of the press-fitting positioning body (6) in the radial direction further comprises a positioning ring (7), the positioning ring (7) is provided with a positioning guide angle (8), and the positioning guide angle (8) is matched with the position and the shape of the orifice chamfer (4) of the main pin hole (2);
bushing (1) is impressed in king pin hole (2) through pressure head (9), pressure head (9) are the echelonment, the upper end diameter of pressure head (9) is greater than the lower extreme diameter, the lower extreme embedding of pressure head (9) is in the hole of bushing (1), the mesa that the upper end and the lower extreme of pressure head (9) are connected supports the upper end at bushing (1), the height of bushing (1) is greater than the height of pressure equipment location body (6), and the pressure equipment in-process, pressure head (9), bushing (1), king pin hole (2) three are coaxial setting all the time.
2. The knuckle bushing push-free process according to claim 1, further comprising step S5 after step S4: the bushing (1) expands back: and placing the installed steering knuckle in a normal temperature environment for 1-3 h.
3. The knuckle bushing push-free process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the orifice chamfers (4) of the kingpin holes (2) of the upper and lower lugs are in a rounded configuration of 25 ° -35 °, the radius R of the rounded configuration is 2mm, and the width dimension of the chamfers (4) is 2 mm.
4. The knuckle bushing push-free process according to claim 3, wherein in the step S1, the guide angle (3) of the outer circle of the bushing is a guide fillet structure with a radius R of 2mm and a width dimension of 2mm, and the guide angle is 15-18 °.
5. The knuckle bushing push-free process according to claim 4, wherein the inner diameter of the positioning ring (7) is greater than or equal to that of the press-fitting positioning body (6), the positioning guide angle (8) is 25-35 degrees, the radius R of the structure of the positioning guide angle (8) is 2mm, and the width dimension of the guide angle is 2 mm.
6. The knuckle bushing thrust-free process according to claim 5, wherein the orifice chamfers (4) of the kingpin holes (2) of the upper and lower lugs are in a 30 ° rounded configuration, the bushing outer circle guide angle (3) is in a 15 ° guide rounded configuration, and the locating guide angle (8) is 30 °.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010599304.XA CN111922631B (en) | 2020-06-28 | 2020-06-28 | Steering knuckle bushing push-free process |
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| CN202010599304.XA CN111922631B (en) | 2020-06-28 | 2020-06-28 | Steering knuckle bushing push-free process |
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| CN111922631B true CN111922631B (en) | 2021-10-15 |
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| CN113733011B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2023-01-20 | 湖北三环锻造有限公司 | Press fitting process for steering knuckle bushing |
| CN114934937A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-23 | 成都四威高科技产业园有限公司 | Mounting method of lifting lug bushing |
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| CN111922631A (en) | 2020-11-13 |
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