CN111921099A

CN111921099A - Radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism and manufacturing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111921099A
Application number: CN202010921667.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 涂文勇; 石慧烽; 毕帆; 徐璇丽; 劳峥; 樊文慧
Original assignee: Ninth Peoples Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
Current assignee: Ninth Peoples Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
Priority date: 2020-09-04
Filing date: 2020-09-04
Publication date: 2020-11-13

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of medical instruments and discloses a radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism comprises: the inner surface of the mask structure is matched and attached to the face of a human body; the blocking piece is detachably arranged on the outer surface of the mask structure and is positioned at a position corresponding to eyes of a person, and the blocking piece protrudes out of the surface of the mask structure. Compared with the prior art, the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism provided by the embodiment of the application forms effective blocking for the high-energy rays emitted by the radiation source by the blocking block, so that the satisfaction degree and comfort degree of a patient are obviously improved, and the prognosis of radiotherapy is better.

Description

Radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism and manufacturing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

Radiotherapy is a short term for radiotherapy, and is one of the main means for treating tumors, and it uses radiation to kill cancer cells and make the tumor shrink or disappear to treat the tumor. Radiotherapy destroys cells in the irradiated region (target region) by radiation, and stops these cells from dividing until they die.

Since the radiation does not selectively kill the cells, there is no difference in killing of normal cells or tumor cells. In particular, when radiation is irradiated to the eye and a tumor near the eye, the tissue of the eye is easily damaged.

The goal of radiation therapy is to maximize the effort to kill tumor cells while preserving normal tissue. To achieve this, it is necessary to reduce the dose of radiation to normal cells as much as possible while maintaining the dose of radiation to tumor cells. In certain cases, a blocking mechanism is required to protect normal tissue. However, no blocking mechanism suitable for protecting the eye has been found in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve or partially solve the technical problem, embodiments of the present application provide a radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism and a manufacturing method thereof.

Wherein, radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism includes:

the inner surface of the mask structure is matched and attached to the face of a human body;

the blocking piece is detachably arranged on the outer surface of the mask structure and is positioned at a position corresponding to eyes of a person, and the blocking piece protrudes out of the surface of the mask structure.

The manufacturing method of the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism comprises the following steps:

reversely pushing body surface information of the patient through the CT image obtained by the medical image processing program;

3D reconstruction is carried out on the body surface appearance of the patient by combining 3D printing software to obtain a three-dimensional model of the face of the patient;

determining a three-dimensional model of a mask structure according to the three-dimensional face graph, and determining the setting position of a barrier block on the mask structure;

manufacturing a mask structure through 3D printing;

and selecting or manufacturing a barrier block with proper thickness according to the used ray energy, and installing the barrier block on the mask structure.

In the prior art, there is a lack of suitable blocking mechanisms for protecting the eye, particularly the lens of the eye. Inevitably, the eyes of the patient are easily and continuously injured during the treatment.

Compared with the prior art, the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism provided by the embodiment of the application forms effective blocking for the high-energy rays emitted by the radiation source by the blocking block, so that the satisfaction degree and comfort degree of a patient are obviously improved, and the prognosis of radiotherapy is better.

In summary, the radiation therapy eye blocking mechanism provided by the embodiments of the present application enables radiation therapy to have better safety.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be clear that the drawings in the following description are only intended to illustrate some embodiments of the present application, and that for a person skilled in the art, it is possible to derive from these drawings, without inventive effort, technical features, connections or even method steps not mentioned in the other drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a radiation therapy eye blocking mechanism of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism of an embodiment of the present application when having a rail groove; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a radiation therapy eye blocking mechanism of an embodiment of the present application as installed on a person;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a stop block according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the stop block of the radiotherapy eye stop mechanism according to the embodiment of the present application when the stop block is disposed on the base.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a mask structure; 11. a track groove; 2. a blocking block; 21. a blocking portion; 22. a transmission section; 3. a radiation source; 4. a base; 41. a fixed part; 42. a movable portion.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The structure and the like of the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism are schematically and simply shown in the attached drawings.

Implementation mode one

As the background above shows, there is a lack of reliable and cost effective eye blocking mechanism for radiotherapy to protect normal tissues.

Among many cancers, ocular tumors are one of the most malignant tumors. Clinically, it is divided into inner eye tumor and outer eye tumor. The inner eye tumor is characterized by yellow and white reflex (commonly called cat eye) in the pupil, loss of vision, increased intraocular pressure, anterior chamber bleeding and the like. External eye tumors, which manifest as local induration in the early stage, may invade all eyelids, orbit and paranasal sinuses in the late stage, forming severe local tissue defects.

The present inventors have found that high-energy radioactive rays may have an adverse effect on ocular tissues in the case of ocular tumors, or other tumors located near the eye, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or systemic radiotherapy. These adverse effects include, but are not limited to, the following:

1. damage the anterior segment of the eye such as the crystalline lens.

High-energy radiation can directly cause denaturation of lens protein, so that the original closely-arranged and regularly-structured lens is disordered, and then cataract appears. Cataract induced by ionizing radiation appears at the earliest place where growth is most active, showing a punctate opacification under the capsular sac, and may progress to disk-like or even full opacification at the later stage, and thus the visual effect is not very significant at the early stage. Other radiation damage to the anterior segment of the eye includes keratoconjunctivitis, conjunctival edema, necrosis, uveitis, etc., and injury to the blood vessels in the anterior segment of the eye can cause iris ischemia, formation of necrotic foci of atrophy, etc.

2. Damage to the posterior structures of retina and optic nerve.

The clinical variation of the radiation retinopathy is large, but the onset of the radiation retinopathy is characterized by dose correlation. Early clinical features of mild radiation retinopathy can show scattered small capillary vessel occlusion foci in the posterior pole of the eye, irregular expansion of capillary vessels around the foci, extensive capillary vessel occlusion and retinal vessel abnormalities in severe fundus, which can lead to macular edema, exudation and visual deterioration.

The radioactive optic neuropathy is a delayed progressive disease with rapid and irreversible decline of vision, and is clinically manifested by optic nerve damage, decline of vision, and visual field defect, the type of visual field defect is determined by damage of different parts of optic nerve, and severe patients are completely blind. It is also an ischemic optic neuropathy in its nature.

3. Secondary changes of radioactive ocular vascular damage.

Most not negligible is the damage to the blood vessels, which, in addition to causing ischemic necrosis of the tissue, also induces the formation of new blood vessels. Neovascular vessels in the iris and the angle of the house shrink, causing the function of the angle to be reduced and even the angle to be closed, resulting in neovascular glaucoma. The new blood vessels of the fundus are very fragile, and secondary bleeding is very easy to occur once the new blood vessels of the fundus appear.

In view of the above, a first embodiment of the present application provides an eye blocking mechanism for radiotherapy, which is shown in fig. 1 and includes:

the mask structure 1 is characterized in that the inner surface of the mask structure 1 is matched and attached to the face of a human body;

the stop block 2 is detachably arranged on the outer surface of the mask structure 1 and is positioned at the position corresponding to the eyes of a person, and the stop block 2 protrudes out of the surface of the mask structure 1.

Wherein the mask structure 1 can be designed with a thickness to reduce dose build-up, more overall coverage of the target area close to the skin. The mask structure 1 covers both the nose and the ears of the human body, thereby providing more accurate radiotherapy positioning.

Optionally, the mask structure 1 is made of a polymer material by 3D printing; further, the mask structure 1 can be made of PLA or ABS material in a 3D printing mode, so that the mask structure can be well adapted to the face of a human body on the premise of low cost. The blocking piece 2 can be made of a material with good radiation blocking effect, for example, the blocking piece 2 can be a lead piece or an aluminum piece.

Alternatively, the stopper 2 may be made of a metal material by 3D printing.

Based on the structure, the embodiment of the application also discloses a manufacturing method of the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism, which comprises the following steps:

determining a three-dimensional model of the mask structure 1 according to the three-dimensional face graph, and determining the setting position of the barrier block 2 on the mask structure 1;

manufacturing a mask structure 1 by 3D printing;

according to the ray energy, a barrier block 2 with proper thickness is selected or manufactured and is arranged on the mask structure 1.

For example, the mim software and the mimics software can be combined to achieve the acquisition of the body surface information and the 3D reconstruction of the body surface morphology. Then, the three-dimensional model of the contact surface of the mask structure 1 and the face can be reversely pushed out by the reconstructed three-dimensional model of the face, and the mask structure 1 can be printed out.

Preferably, the position on the mask structure 1, and the orientation of the blocker 2, can be determined according to the treatment requirements before printing the mask structure 1. When the mask structure 1 and the barrier block 2 are manufactured by 3D printing, the barrier block 2 can be directly printed on the mask structure 1 by adopting a mixed printing mode. Alternatively, it is further preferable that a cylindrical groove is provided at a position of the outer surface of the mask structure 1 corresponding to the eyes, and the stopper 2 is inserted and fixed in the cylindrical groove. The use convenience can be improved by adopting a detachable design.

In addition, as shown in fig. 2, the position of the outer surface of the mask structure 1 corresponding to the eyes may be further provided with a track groove 11, and the stop block 2 is inserted and fixed in the track groove 11, and the stop block 2 can translate along the track groove 11.

Specifically, the stopper 2 may be engaged into the rail groove 11 in a snap-in manner, thereby achieving sliding in the rail groove 11. When the block 2 is slidably provided, the position of the block 2 can be easily finely adjusted according to the position of the patient's eye, and is also more suitable for position adjustment in the case of multiple radiation treatments.

Although the size of the stop block 2 can be selected by the person skilled in the art according to the actual requirements. The inventors of the present application have found that when the thickness of the blocking piece 2 and the radiation energy have the following relationship, the efficiency can be improved on the premise of achieving a good blocking effect:

the thickness of the stop block 2 is: (0.7+ radiation energy/MeV/2) mm to (2+ radiation energy/MeV/2) mm.

Wherein the unit of ray energy is MeV. After removing the units and adding the coefficients 0.7 to 2, the resulting value can be counted as the thickness of the stop 2. When selecting for use coefficient 0.7 within this thickness interval, the thickness is thinner, is fit for the situation that needs quick 3D to print, and when selecting for use coefficient 2, thickness is thicker, thereby leaves more allowances and can prevent better that the ray from penetrating stopper 2. In general, the most preferred coefficient is 1.

Due to the fact that the time consumed by metal 3D printing is long, the time for designing and manufacturing the barrier block 2 can be greatly saved by adopting the experimental conversion mode, and the efficiency is improved.

Based on the above structure, the embodiment of the present application further provides a workflow of a radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism, which specifically includes the following steps:

1. customizing the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism for the patient. By adopting the manufacturing method of the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism and the 3D printing technology, the mask structure 1 and the blocking block 2 matched with the face of the patient can be manufactured.

2. Referring to fig. 3, after the patient is correctly positioned, the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism is mounted on the face of the human body, and the radiation source 3 is aligned with the target part, thereby completing the preparation for radiotherapy.

3. The radiotherapy operation is performed and the radiation source 3 is turned off.

4. And (5) taking down the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism, and finishing the radiotherapy treatment course.

Compared with the prior art, the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism provided by the embodiment of the application forms effective blocking for the high-energy rays emitted by the radiation source 3 by the blocking block 2, so that the satisfaction degree and comfort degree of a patient are obviously improved, and the prognosis of radiotherapy is better.

Second embodiment

For tumors that grow on the eye, it is sometimes inevitable that direct irradiation of the eye is required.

In view of this, the second embodiment of the present application provides a radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism, and the second embodiment is a further improvement of the first embodiment, and the main improvement is that, referring to fig. 4, the blocking block 2 comprises a blocking part 21 and a penetrating part 22 which are spliced with each other.

Wherein, the blocking portion 21 and the transmitting portion 22 may respectively adopt different materials to respectively block and transmit the ray. For example, the blocking portion 21 may be made of metal lead or aluminum, and the transmissive portion 22 may be made of transparent material or polymer material, or even directly hollowed out.

The barrier portion 21 and the transmissive portion 22 may be separately manufactured and joined, or may be directly formed by hybrid 3D printing.

Accordingly, the method for manufacturing a radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application may further include, in the step of selecting or manufacturing the blocking block 2 with an appropriate thickness according to the radiation energy, the following steps:

designing the blocking part 21 and the penetrating part 22 of the blocking block 2 according to the treatment part of the patient;

the stopper 2 is manufactured by 3D printing.

When the radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism provided by the embodiment of the application is adopted, the tumor directly growing on the eye can be irradiated by radiotherapy through the transmission part 22, and the normal tissue beside the tumor is protected by the blocking part 21. Therefore, the safety of radiation treatment can be further improved, and the prognosis is improved.

Third embodiment

In the course of performing radiotherapy, it is sometimes necessary to adjust the irradiation angle of the radiation several times.

In view of the above, the third embodiment of the present application provides an eye blocking mechanism for radiotherapy, which is a further improvement of the first or second embodiment, and is mainly characterized in that the blocking block 2 is detachably mounted on the mask structure 1 through a base 4;

wherein, base 4 includes:

a fixing part 41 fixed to the mask structure 1;

and a movable portion 42 respectively connected to the fixed portion 41 and the stopper 2 to mount the stopper 2, the movable portion 42 being movable with respect to the fixed portion 41 to change the orientation of the stopper 2.

Wherein the movable portion 42 can move in various ways relative to the fixed portion 41 to change the orientation of the blocking piece 2. For example, a dial may be provided on the fixed portion 41 so that the movable portion 42 can be rotated by the dial. Based on the turntable structure, a hinge shaft is further provided on the movable portion 42, so that the movable portion 42 can obtain an omnidirectional movement characteristic. In addition, the basic technical object of the present application can be achieved based on a plastic elastic structure or a hydraulic structure.

Further, in order to simplify the structure of the base 4 as much as possible and make the radiation dose more controllable, optionally, referring to fig. 5, a spherical groove is provided on the fixed portion 41, and a spherical protrusion is correspondingly provided on the movable portion 42, and the spherical protrusion is inserted into the spherical groove to connect the movable portion 42 and the fixed portion 41.

By means of the friction of the spherical projection in the spherical recess, a relative fixing of the position of the blocking piece 2 can be achieved. In fig. 5, the movement of the blocking piece 2 in relation to the seat 4 is shown by means of a broken line. It will be appreciated that the spherical projection itself may be formed as part of the stop 2, while the spherical recess may be separate from the two.

When the spherical connection is adopted, the blocking block 2 can have rich orientation change and has better adaptability. Meanwhile, the spherical connection has a simple structure, can be expected for calculating the radiation dose, and has great advantages.

Further alternatively, if the angle and energy of the ray are temporarily adjusted, the blocking piece 2 can be designed to be separated from the spherical bulge. At this time, the movable portion 42 may further be provided with a cylindrical groove, and the blocking block 2 is screwed with the cylindrical groove.

Alternatively, the fixing portion 41 of the base 4 may be detachably fixed to the mask structure 1. In this way, the base 4 and the conventional stop blocks 2 of several sizes can be combined into a replaceable kit. In this way, the mask structure 1 need only be customized for each different patient, without having to re-fabricate the stop block 2 and base 4 for each new patient, which can greatly reduce cost and be more environmentally friendly.

Wherein, the material of the base 4 can be consistent with that of the stop block 2. When the two materials are the same, the fixed thickness of the base 4 can be subtracted when the thickness of the stop block 2 is calculated

When the base 4 is provided, if the barrier block 2 includes both the barrier section 21 and the transmission section 22 which are joined to each other, the radiation passing through the transmission section 22 may be blocked by the base 4.

In view of this, the portion of the movable portion 42 corresponding to the transmissive portion 22 and the transmissive portion 22 may be made of the same material.

Since the movable portion 42 moves along with the stopper 2, and may be manufactured by 3D printing even integrally with the stopper 2, when the material of the corresponding portion is the same as that of the stopper 2, it is easier to manufacture and calculate the thickness of the stopper 2.

The entire fixing portion 41 may be made of the same material as the transmissive portion 22, or may be made of a different material having a high transmittance. The material of the fixing portion 41 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application, and even if the fixing portion 41 is also made of lead, it is possible to use a lead having a thickness much lower than the thickness required for blocking the radiation. It should be noted that, when the fixing portion 41 is made of different materials, the influence of the fixing portion 41 needs to be considered when calculating the blocking thickness of the eye blocking mechanism for radiotherapy.

It is to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the specification of the present application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and "a" and "an" generally include at least two, but do not exclude at least one, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the embodiments of the present application to describe certain components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another. For example, a first certain component may also be referred to as a second certain component, and similarly, a second certain component may also be referred to as a first certain component, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system that includes the element.

In the various embodiments described above, while, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein or not shown and described herein, as may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Finally, it should be noted that those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present application present many technical details for the purpose of enabling the reader to better understand the present application. However, the technical solutions claimed in the claims of the present application can be basically implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the above-described embodiments. Accordingly, in actual practice, various changes in form and detail may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A radiation therapy eye blocking mechanism, comprising:

the mask structure (1), the inner surface of the mask structure (1) is used for matching and jointing with the face of a human body;

the blocking piece (2), blocking piece (2) detachably sets up the surface of face guard structure (1) to be located the position corresponding with people's eye, blocking piece (2) protrusion the surface of face guard structure (1).

2. Radiotherapy eye stop according to claim 1, characterized in that the stop block (2) comprises a stop part (21) and a penetrating part (22) that are fitted to each other.

3. Radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that the position of the outer surface of the mask structure (1) corresponding to the eye is provided with a track groove, the blocking block (2) is inserted and fixed in the track groove, and the blocking block (2) can translate along the track groove.

4. Radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that the blocking block (2) is detachably mounted on the mask structure (1) by means of a base (4);

wherein the base (4) comprises:

a fixing portion (41) fixed to the mask structure (1);

the movable part (42) is respectively connected with the fixed part (41) and the blocking block (2) to install the blocking block (2), and the movable part (42) can move relative to the fixed part (41) to change the orientation of the blocking block (2).

5. Radiotherapy eye stop according to claim 4, characterized in that the fixed part (41) is provided with a spherical recess and the mobile part (42) is correspondingly provided with a spherical projection, which engages in the spherical recess to connect the mobile part (42) and the fixed part (41).

6. Radiotherapy eye stop according to claim 4, characterized in that the stop block (2) comprises a stop part (21) and a through part (22) that are fitted to each other;

the part of the movable part (42) corresponding to the transmission part (22) and the transmission part (22) are made of the same material.

7. Radiotherapy eye stop according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the stop block (2) is: (0.7+ radiation energy/MeV) mm to (2+ radiation energy/MeV) mm.

8. Radiotherapy eye-blocking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the mask structure (1) is made of polymer material by 3D printing;

the blocking block (2) is a lead block or an aluminum block; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the blocking block (2) is made of a metal material through 3D printing.

9. A method for manufacturing a radiotherapy eye blocking mechanism is characterized by comprising the following steps:

determining a three-dimensional model of the mask structure (1) according to the three-dimensional figure of the face, and determining the setting position of the barrier block (2) on the mask structure (1);

manufacturing a mask structure (1) by 3D printing;

according to the ray energy, a barrier block (2) with proper thickness is selected or manufactured and is arranged on the mask structure (1).

10. The method for manufacturing the eye blocking mechanism for radiotherapy according to claim 9, wherein the step of selecting or manufacturing the blocking block (2) with a proper thickness according to the ray energy further comprises the following steps:

designing a blocking part (21) and a penetrating part (22) of the blocking block (2) according to the treatment part of the patient;

-making said stop block (2) by 3D printing.