CN111919619A - Novel grape is handled device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting tools, in particular to a novel grape treatment device which comprises a base, wherein the base is integrally flat and cuboid, universal wheels are respectively arranged at four corners of the bottom of the base, a vertical upright post is fixedly arranged on the upper side of the left end part of the base, the upright post is integrally cylindrical, a medicine dipping mechanism capable of sliding up and down is arranged on the upright post, and a driving mechanism matched with the medicine dipping mechanism is arranged on the right side of the upright post. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device can assist the staff to dip in the medicine and cover the bag and handle, effectively solves in the past and need frequently climb the ladder, and problem that staff intensity of labour is big improves work efficiency, its easy operation, convenient to use.

Description

Novel grape is handled device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of grape processing tools, in particular to a novel grape processing device.

Background

With the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the agricultural planting technology in China is rapidly developed, and the rapid development of the grape planting technology follows. In the grape planting management process, the seedless and swelling treatment of grapes needs to be dipped with the pesticide, generally, the grapes are stood on a ladder and dragged by a sprite bottle, so that the grape inflorescences are completely soaked in the regulator, and the grapes need to be treated one by one and frequently climb the ladder; in addition, after the grapes are set, the whole bunch of grapes need to be covered with one paper bag and the paper bags need to be fixed on the grapes, the bagging work still needs to be carried out by climbing the grapes and one bagging is carried out, and then the grapes are tightly tied by winding iron wires or by rubber bands. Above two kinds of operations all need frequently to climb the ladder, and staff intensity of labour is big, and work efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel grape processing device which can assist workers in dipping medicine and bagging, and effectively solves the problems that in the prior art, the workers need to frequently climb ladders, the labor intensity of the workers is high, and the working efficiency is low.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a novel grape processing device, includes the base, the base whole be flat cuboid form, the bottom four corners is equipped with the universal wheel respectively, the fixed vertical stand that is equipped with of base left end portion upside, the stand whole be cylindrically, the stand on be equipped with gliding medicine mechanism that dips in from top to bottom, the stand right side be equipped with dip in medicine mechanism complex actuating mechanism.

Preferably, the rubber band sleeving mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the medicine dipping mechanism.

Preferably, dip in medicine mechanism arrange first lantern ring A and first lantern ring B on the stand including arranging the slip cap from top to bottom, first lantern ring A is at first lantern ring B downside, first lantern ring A and first lantern ring B between first branch of fixedly connected with, first lantern ring B left and right sides top surface is fixed respectively and is equipped with vertical second branch, second branch top all with first ring bottom surface fixed connection, first ring in shelve the staving that stores the liquid medicine, the staving be little big-end-up's toper platform structure, the upper shed department of staving outer edge fixedly be equipped with first ring upper surface shelve complex annular boss.

Preferably, actuating mechanism including being fixed in the swivel nut on first lantern ring A right side, the swivel nut in the cover be equipped with vertical screw shaft, screw shaft bottom be connected with driving motor's motor shaft through the shaft coupling, driving motor be fixed in the stand right flank, the base of driving motor below on fixedly be equipped with the battery, the stand of first lantern ring A downside is fixed respectively to be equipped with the stopper around the both sides face, the fixed control switch that is equipped with the control motor just reversing on the stand of front side stopper below, the battery be connected with control switch through the circuit, control switch is connected with driving motor through the circuit.

Preferably, rubber band cover put mechanism include four articulated seats of equipartition in first ring outer peripheral face, articulated seat outer tip be connected with articulated shaft fixed part respectively, articulated shaft rotating part upper end be connected with curved hangers bottom, the hangers top is the arc structure of outwards buckling, articulated shaft rotating part bottom leans out and is equipped with connecting portion, the connecting portion bottom is articulated with vertical push rod top respectively, the push rod bottom all slides downwards and passes the second lantern ring, and all be connected with second ring upper surface fixed surface in the bottom, and the spring has been put to the cover on the push rod between second ring and the second lantern ring, the spring both ends respectively with second ring and second lantern ring fixed connection.

Preferably, the base upper surface on stand right side fixed be equipped with the rubber seat, the rubber seat be the cuboid, affiliated rubber seat is hollow structure, hollow structure is cylindrical.

Preferably, the left side surface of the rubber seat is fixedly provided with a first box body with an upper opening, and the upper end part of the right side surface of the rubber seat is fixedly provided with a second box body with an upper opening.

Preferably, the right end of the base is fixedly provided with a pair of outward-inclined third supporting rods, the third supporting rods are longitudinally arranged front and back, and the upper ends of the third supporting rods are fixedly connected with the push handle.

The push handle is integrally cylindrical.

Preferably, the limiting blocks are respectively in a cuboid shape, and the upper surfaces of the limiting blocks are bonded with rubber layers.

Preferably, the barrel body and the annular boss are made of PVC materials.

Preferably, the first box body and the second box body are respectively made of PVC materials. .

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a novel grape treatment device, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the grape seed soaking device, the whole base is in a flat cuboid shape, the four corners of the bottom of the base are respectively provided with the universal wheels, the upper side of the left end portion of the base is fixedly provided with the vertical upright post, the whole upright post is in a cylindrical shape, the upright post is provided with the medicine dipping mechanism capable of sliding up and down, the right side of the upright post is provided with the driving mechanism matched with the medicine dipping structure, the outer side of the medicine dipping mechanism is provided with the rubber band sheathing mechanism, when the grape seed soaking device is used, the universal wheels are used for facilitating the movement and the direction change of the device, the medicine dipping mechanism can slide up and down to prepare for medicine dipping and bagging of later grapevine inflorescences, the rubber band sheathing mechanism is convenient for sheathing the grape seed bags and fastening the upper openings, and the driving mechanism can drive the medicine dipping mechanism and the rubber band sheathing mechanism to slide up.

2. According to the invention, the first support rod is fixedly connected between the first lantern ring A and the first lantern ring B, the top surfaces of the left side and the right side of the first lantern ring B are respectively and fixedly provided with the vertical second support rod, the top of each second support rod is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the first circular ring, the first circular ring is internally provided with the barrel body for storing liquid medicine, the barrel body is in a conical table structure with a small lower part and a large upper part, the outer edge of the upper opening of the barrel body is fixedly provided with the annular boss which is matched with the upper surface of the first circular ring in a laying mode, when the device is used, the liquid medicine is poured into the barrel body, the device is pushed to the bottom of a grapevine needing to be dipped with the liquid medicine, the barrel body is driven by the driving mechanism to move upwards, the grapevine falls into the barrel body for 2-3 seconds, and then the barrel body falls down.

3. The invention uses the driving mechanism to comprise a threaded sleeve fixed on the right side of a first sleeve ring A, a vertical threaded shaft is sleeved in the threaded sleeve, the bottom of the threaded shaft is connected with a motor shaft of a driving motor through a coupler, the driving motor is fixed on the right side of an upright post, a storage battery is fixedly arranged on a base below the driving motor, the front side surface and the back side surface of the upright post on the lower side of the first sleeve ring A are respectively fixedly provided with a limit block, a control switch for controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor is fixedly arranged on the upright post below the limit block on the front side, the storage battery is connected with the control switch through a circuit, the control switch is connected with the driving motor through a circuit, when in use, the forward and reverse rotation of the driving motor can be controlled through the control switch, so as to further control the ascending and descending of a first circular ring on the top, the use is more convenient.

4. In the invention, the top of the hanging lug is of an arc structure which is bent outwards, the bottom of the rotating part of the articulated shaft is obliquely provided with the connecting part outwards, the bottom of the connecting part is respectively articulated with the top of the vertical push rod, the bottoms of the push rods all downwards slide to pass through the second lantern ring, the bottom of the barrel body is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the second circular ring, the push rod between the second circular ring and the second sleeve ring is sleeved with a spring, two end parts of the spring are respectively and fixedly connected with the second circular ring and the second sleeve ring, when in use, the barrel body is empty in the first circular ring, then placing the grape bagging in the barrel body, then placing the annular rubber band on the four hanging lugs in a sleeving manner, pushing the device to the position below the grapes, driving the first circular ring to ascend through the driving mechanism, after the grape is completely wrapped by the bag, the second circular ring is lifted upwards at the bottom, the upper hanging lug rotates inwards, and then the annular rubber band slides off from the hanging lug and quickly ties up the bag opening.

5. According to the invention, the rubber seat is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the base on the right side of the upright post, the rubber seat is cuboid, the rubber seat is of a hollow structure, the hollow structure is cylindrical, and when the medical liquid storage device is used, the rubber seat is used for placing the medical liquid storage barrel and can prevent the medical liquid storage barrel from tilting.

6. According to the grape storage box, the first box body with the upper opening is fixedly arranged on the left side face of the rubber seat, the second box body with the upper opening is fixedly arranged at the upper end part of the right side face of the rubber seat, when the grape storage box is used, the first box body is used for storing a bag sleeved with grapes, and the second box body is used for storing the annular rubber band, so that the grape storage box is convenient to use.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic structural view of the rubber band sheathing mechanism of FIG. 1 in cooperation with an upright post;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the barrel;

fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the driving structure of fig. 1.

The following are marked in the figure: 1. a base; 11. a universal wheel; 12. a column; 121. a limiting block; 13. a rubber seat; 131. a first case; 132. a second box body; 14. a third support bar; 141. a push handle; 2. a medicine dipping mechanism; 21. a first collar A; 22. a first support bar; 23. a second support bar; 24. a first circular ring; 25. a barrel body; 251. an annular boss; a first collar B; 3. a drive mechanism; 31. a threaded sleeve; 32. a threaded shaft; 321. a limit nut; 33. a coupling; 34. a drive motor; 35. a storage battery; 36. a control switch; 4. a medicine storage barrel; 5. a rubber band sleeving mechanism; a hinged seat 51; 52. hinging a shaft; 53. hanging a lug; 54. a connecting portion; 55. a push rod; 56. a second collar; 57. a second circular ring; 58. a spring.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in fig. 1, which is only for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g. as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 6 and fig. 7, a novel grape processing device comprises a base 1, wherein the base 1 is integrally flat and cuboid, four corners of the bottom are respectively provided with universal wheels 11 (provided with a limiting mechanism and the prior art), a vertical upright post 12 is fixedly arranged on the upper side of the left end part of the base 11, the upright post 12 is integrally cylindrical, a medicine dipping mechanism 2 capable of sliding up and down is arranged on the upright post 12, and a driving mechanism 3 matched with the medicine dipping mechanism 2 is arranged on the right side of the upright post 12.

Medicine dipping mechanism 2 includes that the sliding sleeve of arranging from top to bottom arranges first lantern ring A21 and first lantern ring B26 on stand 12 in, first lantern ring A21 is at first lantern ring B26 downside, fixedly connected with first branch 22 between first lantern ring A21 and first lantern ring B26, first lantern ring B26 left and right sides top surface is fixed respectively is equipped with vertical second branch 23, second branch 23 top all with first ring 24 bottom surface fixed connection, the staving 25 of storing the liquid medicine has been shelved in first ring 24, staving 25 is the little cone table structure of big end up, outer edge fixed being equipped with of the upper opening part of staving 25 shelves complex annular boss 251 with first ring 24 upper surface.

The driving mechanism 3 comprises a threaded sleeve 31 fixed on the right side of the first collar a21, a vertical threaded shaft 32 (a limit nut 321 is arranged at the top) is sleeved in the threaded sleeve 31, the bottom of the threaded shaft 32 is connected with a motor shaft of a driving motor 34 through a coupler 33, the driving motor 34 is fixed on the right side surface of the upright post 12, a storage battery 35 is fixedly arranged on the base 1 below the driving motor 34, limit blocks 121 are respectively fixedly arranged on the front side surface and the rear side surface of the upright post 12 below the first collar a21, a control switch 36 for controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor 34 is fixedly arranged on the upright post 12 below the front limit block 121, the storage battery 35 is connected with the control switch 36 through a circuit (not shown in the figure), and the control switch 36 is.

When the medicine dipping mechanism is used, the universal wheels are convenient for the device to move and change directions, the medicine dipping mechanism can slide up and down to prepare for dipping of the following grapevine inflorescences, and the driving mechanism can drive the medicine dipping mechanism to avoid frequent crawling of workers; pouring liquid medicine into the barrel body, pushing the device to the bottom of the grapevine inflorescence needing to be dipped with the medicine, driving the barrel body to move upwards through a driving mechanism, enabling the grapevine inflorescence to fall into the barrel body for 2-3 seconds, and then dropping the barrel body, so that the medicine dipping operation of the grapevine inflorescences is completed; can control driving motor's positive and negative rotation through control switch to the rising and the decline of the first ring in further control top, and driving motor passes through the battery power supply, saves external power supply's trouble, and it is more convenient to use.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, on the basis of embodiment 1, the difference from embodiment 1 is that a rubber band sleeving mechanism 5 is arranged outside the medicine dipping mechanism 2, the rubber band sleeving mechanism 5 includes four hinge seats 51 uniformly distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the first ring 24, outer ends of the hinge seats 51 are respectively connected with fixed parts of hinge shafts 52, upper ends of rotating parts of the hinge shafts 52 are connected with bottoms of arc-shaped lugs 53, tops of the lugs 53 are in an arc-shaped structure bent outwards, bottoms of the rotating parts of the hinge shafts 52 are provided with connecting parts 54 obliquely outwards, bottoms of the connecting parts 54 are respectively hinged with tops of vertical push rods 55, bottoms of the push rods 55 are respectively downwards slid to pass through second ring 56, and the bottom of the second ring 57 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the second ring 57, a spring 58 is sleeved on the push rod 55 between the second ring 57 and the second sleeve ring 56, and two ends of the spring 58 are respectively fixedly connected with the second ring 57 and the second sleeve ring 56.

During the use, with staving empty and put in first ring, then arrange grape cover bag in the staving, grape cover bag has quarter height at least and exceeds staving upper end, then arrange annular rubber band cover in four hangers, go on the device to the grape below, rise through the first ring of actuating mechanism drive, treat the sack and wrap up the grape completely after, push up (can directly push up with the hand according to the height, also can push up with appurtenance) the second ring in the bottom, the top hangers is rotatory inwards, then annular rubber band will follow the rapid sack of tying up of slippage on the hangers. The weight or number of the second collar 56 can be adjusted depending on the tightness of the band.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 1, in embodiment 2, different from embodiment 2, a rubber seat 13 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of a base 1 on the right side of a column 12, the rubber seat 13 is a cuboid, and the rubber seat 13 has a hollow structure, and the hollow structure is a cylinder.

When the medicine storage barrel is used, the rubber seat is used for placing the medicine storage barrel for storing medicine liquid, and the medicine storage barrel can be prevented from tilting.

Example 4

As shown in fig. 1, in example 3, a first case 131 having an upper opening is fixed to the left side surface of the rubber holder 13, and a second case 132 having an upper opening is fixed to the upper end portion of the right side surface of the rubber holder 13, which is different from example 3.

During the use, first box body is used for storing the sack that the grape was put to the cover, and the second box body is used for storing annular rubber band, convenient to use.

Example 5

As shown in fig. 1, in embodiment 4, different from embodiment 4, a pair of outward-inclined third struts 14 is fixedly provided at the right end portion of the base 1, the third struts 14 are longitudinally arranged in the front-rear direction, and the upper end portions thereof are fixedly connected to the push handle 141 (longitudinally in the front-rear direction), and the push handle 141 is cylindrical as a whole. When in use, the utility model is convenient to be pushed.

Example 6

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in embodiment 4, the stopper 121 is in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a rubber layer (not shown) is bonded to the upper surface, unlike in embodiment 4.

The rubber layer protects the lower first collar 21.

Example 7

As shown in fig. 1, on the basis of embodiment 4, the difference from embodiment 4 is that the barrel 25 and the annular boss 251 are made of PVC material; the first case 131 and the second case 132 are made of PVC material, respectively.

The plastic has low manufacturing cost, light weight and convenient promotion.

The working principle is as follows: through the removal and the diversion of the device of being convenient for of universal wheel 11, dip in medicine mechanism 2 and can slide from top to bottom, for what the grape inflorescence at the back dips in the medicine and set bag makes preparation, and rubber band cover puts 5 and is convenient for to the grape cover bag and tighten the operation to the upper shed, and actuating mechanism 3 can drive dip in medicine mechanism 2 and rubber band cover puts 5 and slide from top to bottom, avoids the frequent cat ladder of staff. Pour into the liquid medicine in staving 25, then carry on the device to the grape inflorescence bottom that needs to dip in the medicine, make staving 25 rebound through the drive of actuating mechanism 3 drive for the grape inflorescence falls into staving 25, lasts 2-3 seconds, then falls staving 25, thereby accomplishes the operation of dipping in the medicine to the grape inflorescence. The positive and negative rotation of the driving motor 34 can be controlled by the control switch 36, so that the ascending and descending of the top first circular ring 24 are further controlled, and the driving motor 34 is powered by the storage battery 35, so that the trouble of an external power supply is eliminated. Bagging operation: the barrel body 25 is empty in the first circular ring 24, then a grape bagging bag (not shown in the figure) is placed in the barrel body 25, then an annular rubber band (not shown in the figure) is sleeved on the four hanging lugs 53, the device is pushed to the position below grapes, the first circular ring is driven to ascend through the driving mechanism 3, after the grape is completely wrapped by the bag, the second circular ring 57 is upwards pushed at the bottom, the hanging lugs 53 on the upper portion rotate inwards, and then the annular rubber band slides off from the hanging lugs 53 to quickly tighten the bag opening. The rubber seat 13 is used for placing the medicine storage barrel 4 for storing the medicine liquid and can avoid the medicine storage barrel 4 from tilting. The first box 131 is used for storing a bag for placing grapes, and the second box 132 is used for storing a ring-shaped rubber band.

The components used in the present invention are all common standard components or components known to those skilled in the art, and the structure and principle thereof are well known to those skilled in the art.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A novel grape processing device is characterized in that: the automatic medicine dipping machine comprises a base, the whole flat cuboid form that is of base, the bottom four corners is equipped with the universal wheel respectively, the fixed vertical stand that is equipped with of base left end portion upside, the whole column that is cylindrical, the stand on be equipped with gliding medicine mechanism that dips in from top to bottom, the stand right side be equipped with dip in medicine mechanism complex actuating mechanism.

2. A novel grape treatment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer side of the medicine dipping mechanism is provided with a rubber band sleeving mechanism.

3. A novel grape treatment device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: dip in medicine mechanism including arranging first lantern ring A and first lantern ring B of sliding sleeve on arranging the stand from top to bottom, first lantern ring A is at first lantern ring B downside, first lantern ring A and first lantern ring B between the first branch of fixedly connected with, first lantern ring B left and right sides top surface is fixed respectively and is equipped with vertical second branch, second branch top all with first ring bottom surface fixed connection, first ring in shelve the staving that stores the liquid medicine, the staving be little big-end-up's toper platform structure, the upper shed department of staving outer edge fixedly be equipped with first ring upper surface shelve complex annular boss.

4. A novel grape treatment device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: actuating mechanism including being fixed in the swivel nut on first lantern ring A right side, the swivel nut in the cover be equipped with vertical screw shaft, screw shaft bottom be connected with driving motor's motor shaft through the shaft coupling, driving motor be fixed in the stand right flank, the base of driving motor below on fixedly be equipped with the battery, the stand of first lantern ring A downside is fixed respectively to be equipped with the stopper around the both sides face, the fixed control switch who is equipped with the control motor just reversing on the stand of front side stopper below, the battery be connected with control switch through the circuit, control switch is connected with driving motor through the circuit.

5. A novel grape treatment device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: rubber band cover put mechanism include four articulated seats of equipartition in first ring outer peripheral face, articulated seat outer tip be connected with articulated shaft fixed part respectively, articulated shaft rotating part upper end be connected with curved hangers bottom, the hangers top is the arc structure of outwards buckling, articulated shaft rotating part bottom is equipped with connecting portion to lean out, the connecting portion bottom is articulated with vertical push rod top respectively, the push rod bottom all slides down and passes the second lantern ring, and all be connected with second ring upper surface fixed surface in the bottom, and the spring has been put to the cover on the push rod between second ring and the second lantern ring, the spring both ends respectively with second ring and second lantern ring fixed connection.

6. A novel grape treatment device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the base upper surface fixed on stand right side be equipped with the rubber seat, the rubber seat be the cuboid, affiliated rubber seat is hollow structure, hollow structure is cylindrical.

7. A novel grape treatment device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the rubber seat left surface fixed be equipped with the first box body of upper shed, rubber seat right flank upper end fixed be equipped with the second box body of upper shed.

8. A novel grape treatment device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the base right-hand member portion fix be equipped with a pair of third branch that leans out, third branch longitudinal arrangement around, and the upper end all with push away handle fixed connection.

9. A novel grape treatment device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the limiting blocks are respectively in a cuboid shape, and a rubber layer is bonded on the upper surface of each limiting block.

10. A novel grape treatment device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the barrel body and the annular boss are made of PVC materials;

or the first box body and the second box body are respectively made of PVC materials.

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