CN111917387A - High-speed acquisition system of neutron detector signal - Google Patents
High-speed acquisition system of neutron detector signal Download PDFInfo
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- CN111917387A CN111917387A CN202010812489.8A CN202010812489A CN111917387A CN 111917387 A CN111917387 A CN 111917387A CN 202010812489 A CN202010812489 A CN 202010812489A CN 111917387 A CN111917387 A CN 111917387A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed acquisition system of neutron detector signals, which comprises a broadband low-noise amplifier, a high-insulation weak current amplifier, a high-speed digital acquisition processor, a high-voltage power supply, a power supply module and a control terminal, wherein the broadband low-noise amplifier is connected with the high-insulation weak current amplifier; the broadband low-noise amplifier is used for pre-amplifying the output signal of the counting tube; the high-insulation weak current amplifier is used for pre-amplifying an output signal of the ionization chamber; the high-speed digital acquisition processor is used for acquiring an output signal of the broadband low-noise amplifier or an output signal of the high-insulation weak-current amplifier; the high-voltage power supply is used for supplying power to the ionization chamber or the broadband low-noise amplifier; and the control terminal performs data interaction with the high-speed digital acquisition processor to realize the control of the system and the acquisition and processing of data. The high-speed acquisition system provided by the invention can realize high-speed acquisition, processing, storage, analysis and display of wide-range and low-noise signals output by the neutron detector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of signal processing of neutron detectors, in particular to a high-speed acquisition system of neutron detector signals, which is used for realizing the integrated design of acquisition, processing, analysis and display of wide-range and low-noise signals output by pulse type, fluctuation type and current type neutron detectors.
Background
The neutron detector signal has the characteristics of multiple signal types (pulse and current), small signal amplitude and high signal speed.
In the existing domestic acquisition and processing systems, a signal processing system capable of meeting the requirements of high-speed acquisition, storage, processing and analysis of high-frequency pulse, low-frequency pulse, high-frequency continuous and low-frequency continuous signals is constructed, and different acquisition and recording modes are adopted for different types of source signals. The system also has the advantages that the highest 100MSPS discretization operation of the nuclear signals is realized by using a high-speed ADC (analog-to-digital conversion), the FPGA (field programmable logic array) processes the digital nuclear signals to realize the high-speed receiving and storing of the digital nuclear signals, and responds to the operation command of an upper computer to realize the operations of sending nuclear data and the like, and the acquisition system has the high-speed acquisition capability of real-time nuclear signals and can be applied to high-precision energy spectrum measurement occasions.
The FPGA-based high-speed digitizer is available abroad, a multichannel high-speed data acquisition technology and a special detector high-voltage power supply are integrated, a complete solution scheme is provided for the fast neutron scintillator detector, and a large amount of information acquired from a plurality of detectors can be analyzed within a relatively short acquisition time.
However, the signal acquisition methods at home and abroad are not compatible with various neutron detector signals, and the equipment can not realize the processing, acquisition, analysis and display integration of the signals with wide range and low noise.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-speed acquisition system of neutron detector signals. The invention realizes the integration of the acquisition, processing, analysis and display system which is compatible with the wide-range and low-noise signals output by various neutron detectors.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-speed acquisition system for neutron detector signals comprises a broadband low-noise amplifier, a high-insulation weak current amplifier, a high-speed digital acquisition processor, a high-voltage power supply, a power supply module and a control terminal;
the signal input end of the broadband low-noise amplifier is connected with a counting tube and used for pre-amplifying the output signal of the counting tube;
the signal input end of the high-insulation weak current amplifier is connected with the ionization chamber and is used for pre-amplifying an output signal of the ionization chamber;
the high-speed digital acquisition processor is used for acquiring an output signal of a broadband low-noise amplifier or an output signal of a high-insulation weak current amplifier; the high-speed digital acquisition processor is also used for controlling the range switching of the high-insulation weak current amplifier and the output control of the high-voltage power supply;
the high-voltage power supply is used for supplying power to the ionization chamber or the broadband low-noise amplifier;
the control terminal performs data interaction with the high-speed digital acquisition processor to realize system control and data acquisition and processing;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the broadband low-noise amplifier, the high-insulation weak current amplifier, the high-speed digital acquisition processor, the high-voltage power supply and the control terminal.
Preferably, the output signal of the counting tube is a pulse signal, and the pulse signal enters a broadband low-noise amplifier and then is subjected to three-stage processing, wherein the first stage is a charge sensitive amplification stage, the second stage is extremely zero cancellation, and the third stage is secondary amplification.
Preferably, the output signal of the ionization chamber is a direct current signal, the direct current signal enters a high-insulation weak current amplifier for bipolar processing, the first stage is used for current and voltage change, and the second stage is used for amplification and filtering.
Preferably, the high-speed digital acquisition processor comprises a signal modulation module, a high-speed ADC, a range switching module, an FPGA, a high-voltage control module and a communication module;
the signal modulation module is used for receiving and modulating an output signal of a broadband low-noise amplifier or an output signal of a high-insulation weak-current amplifier, converting the processed signal into a digital signal through a high-speed ADC (analog to digital converter) and transmitting the digital signal to the FPGA;
the FPGA transmits control signals to the range switching module and the high-voltage control module respectively;
the range switching module is used for controlling the range switching of the high-insulation weak current amplifier;
the high-voltage control module is used for controlling the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply;
and the FPGA is in communication connection with the control terminal through the communication module.
Preferably, the high-speed digital acquisition processor further comprises a DDR, and the DDR is connected with the FPGA and used for storing data.
Preferably, the power supply module of the present invention includes a first power supply module, a second power supply module and a third power supply module;
the first power supply module supplies power to a high-voltage power supply, a broadband low-noise amplifier and a high-insulation weak-current amplifier at the same time;
the second power supply module supplies power to the high-speed digital acquisition processor;
the third power supply module supplies power to the control terminal;
the first power supply module, the second power supply module and the third power supply module are all powered by 220V alternating current.
Preferably, the first power module of the present invention employs a low-noise linear power supply, which provides +24V power for the high-voltage power supply, and provides ± 5V power for both the broadband low-noise amplifier and the high-insulation weak-current amplifier.
Preferably, the second power supply module of the present invention employs a low noise switching power supply that provides a ± 5V power supply for the high speed digital acquisition processor.
Preferably, the third power supply module of the present invention employs a switching power supply, which provides +12V power to the control terminal.
Preferably, the control terminal of the invention comprises an industrial personal computer, a display and an input device.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the high-speed acquisition system provided by the invention can realize high-speed acquisition, processing, storage, analysis and display of wide-range and low-noise signals output by the neutron detector; the high-speed acquisition system is suitable for acquiring output signals of multi-type and multi-band neutron detectors, and has a wide application range.
2. The high-speed acquisition system adopts an integrated chassis structure, and has the advantages of compact and small structure and portability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a high-speed acquisition system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the high speed digital acquisition processor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a power distribution block diagram of the power supply module of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the integrated structure of the high-speed acquisition system of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the data analysis and processing software flow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the term "comprising" or "may include" used in various embodiments of the present invention indicates the presence of the invented function, operation or element, and does not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations or elements. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" and their derivatives are intended to mean that the specified features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, are only meant to indicate that a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as first excluding the existence of, or adding to the possibility of, one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.
In various embodiments of the invention, the expression "or" at least one of a or/and B "includes any or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "a or B" or "at least one of a or/and B" may include a, may include B, or may include both a and B.
Expressions (such as "first", "second", and the like) used in various embodiments of the present invention may modify various constituent elements in various embodiments, but may not limit the respective constituent elements. For example, the above description does not limit the order and/or importance of the elements described. The foregoing description is for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another. For example, the first user device and the second user device indicate different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that: if it is described that one constituent element is "connected" to another constituent element, the first constituent element may be directly connected to the second constituent element, and a third constituent element may be "connected" between the first constituent element and the second constituent element. In contrast, when one constituent element is "directly connected" to another constituent element, it is understood that there is no third constituent element between the first constituent element and the second constituent element.
The terminology used in the various embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the various embodiments of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments of the present invention belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their contextual meaning in the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in various embodiments of the present invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Examples
The embodiment provides a high-speed acquisition system of neutron detector signals. The high-speed acquisition system of the embodiment is used for realizing high-speed acquisition, processing, storage, analysis and display of wide-range and low-noise signals output by the neutron detector, and is suitable for acquisition of output signals of multi-type and multi-band neutron detectors.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-speed acquisition system of the present embodiment includes: PA (broadband low noise amplifier), IA (high insulation weak current amplifier), HDSP (high speed digital acquisition processor), high voltage power supply, 1# AC-DC (alternating current-direct current converter) power supply, 2# AC-DC power supply, 3# AC-DC power supply, industrial control host, display screen and the like, wherein the whole acquisition system is integrated in an integrated case.
The PA of the embodiment pre-amplifies the signal of the counting tube; the IA pre-amplifies the ionization chamber signal; the HDSP collects output signals of the PA and the IA, and simultaneously, the range numerical control switching of the IA and the output control of the high-voltage power supply are completed.
The 1# AC-DC power supply module, the 2# AC-DC power supply and the 3# AC-DC power supply form a power supply module which is used for supplying power to other module units in the system.
The industrial personal computer, the display and the input device form a user control terminal. On the control terminal, parameters of HDSP working mode, data acquisition, various data acquisition, processing and storage can be set.
In particular in the present embodiment of the present invention,
(1) IA (high insulation weak current amplifier)
The performance parameters of IA (high isolation weak current amplifier) are as follows:
measuring range: 1 pA-100 muA;
output signal characteristics: the amplitude amplification is consistent with the input range of the high-speed signal acquisition processor;
noise level: noise peak value less than or equal to 20mVpp；
Insulation resistance: greater than 1015Ω。
The input end of the IA signal is connected with the ionization chamber, the output signal of the ionization chamber is a direct current signal, the input signal is divided into two stages after entering the IA, the first stage carries out current-voltage conversion, the second stage carries out amplification and filtering, the signal output by the IA after amplification is also a direct current signal, and the amplitude range is 2 mV-200 mV. The current-voltage conversion part also comprises a range switching circuit for measuring different current ranges.
(2) PA (Wide band low noise amplifier)
The performance parameters of a PA (wide band low noise amplifier) are as follows:
output impedance: 50 omega;
input impedance: 50 omega;
noise level: noise peak value less than or equal to 20mVpp；
Output model characteristics: the time characteristic of an output signal is kept, and the output signal is about 200 mV;
input signal characteristics: the random pulse signal has typical pulse amplitude of 200 micron V, pulse rising time less than or equal to 10ns and pulse falling time of 100-10 micron s.
The input signal end of the PA is connected with a counting tube, the output signal of the counting tube is a pulse signal, the typical pulse amplitude is 200 muV, the pulse rise time is about 10ns, and the pulse fall time is about 100 ns-10 mus. The circuit adopts a classical charge sensitive-current sensitive circuit. After entering the PA, the counting tube signals are divided into three stages and processed, wherein the first stage is a charge sensitive amplification stage, the second stage is extremely zero cancellation, and the third stage is secondary amplification.
(3) HDSP (high speed digital acquisition processor)
The performance parameters of HDSP (high speed digital acquisition processor) are as follows:
output impedance: 50 omega;
input signal range: -200mV to +200 mV;
bandwidth: more than or equal to 350 MHz;
the highest sampling rate: more than or equal to 1 GSa/s;
storage depth: is more than or equal to 32 Mbits.
As shown in fig. 2, the HDSP includes a signal modulation module, a high-speed ADC, a range switching module, an FPGA, a high-voltage control module, a DDR and a communication module;
the signal modulation module is used for receiving and modulating an output signal of the broadband low-noise amplifier or an output signal of the high-insulation weak-current amplifier, converting the processed signal into a digital signal through the high-speed ADC and transmitting the digital signal to the FPGA;
the FPGA transmits the control signal to the range switching module and the high-voltage control module respectively;
the range switching module is used for controlling the range switching of the high-insulation weak current amplifier;
the high-voltage control module is used for controlling the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply;
the FPGA is in communication connection with the control terminal through the communication module.
And the DDR is connected with the FPGA and used for storing data.
The HDSP needs to realize 5 functions, collects signals from IA or PA, controls the range switching of IA, controls the output voltage of a high-voltage power supply, processes data on a chip on line, and interacts with an industrial personal computer for instructions.
(4) High voltage power supply
The performance parameters of the high voltage power supply are as follows:
high voltage output range: 0V to + 1500V;
high-voltage output current: not less than 4 mA;
high-voltage ripple peak-to-peak value: less than or equal to 10 mVpp.
The power input of the high-voltage power supply is a low-noise linear power supply with +/-24V; the control input adopts an RS-232 interface.
(5) Power supply module
The power supply module of the system consists of a 1# AC-DC power supply, a 2# AC-DC power supply and a 3# AC-DC power supply, the whole system adopts 220V alternating current power supply, the 1# AC-DC power supply module is a low-noise linear power supply and provides +24V power supply for a high-voltage power supply and +/-5V power supply for PA and IA; the 2# AC-DC power supply is a low-noise switching power supply and provides a +/-5V power supply for HDSP; the 3# AC-DC power supply is a switching power supply and provides +12V power supply for equipment such as an industrial control host, a display screen, a fan and the like in the integrated case. The power distribution block diagram is shown in fig. 3.
(6) Control terminal
The control terminal comprises an industrial personal computer, a display and input equipment (a keyboard, a mouse and a touch screen), and the industrial personal computer (an industrial control computer) is integrated in the case and comprises a mainboard, a hard disk, a CPU, an internal memory, a display and the like. The computer is provided with data analysis and processing software, and can realize the control of the system and the acquisition and processing of data through operating the software. The data analysis and processing software operation flow is shown in figure 5.
The whole system is integrated in a cover-lifting industrial personal computer box, and the structure diagram of the whole appearance of the instrument is shown in figure 4. The industrial control case is provided with a weighing handle and used for moving the position of the case. The left side of fig. 4 contains the input of the detector signal and the output of the high voltage, and the rear side of the housing contains an external data interface. After the case cover is lifted, a keyboard and a touch screen are arranged, so that the host can be conveniently controlled.
The high-speed acquisition system provided by the embodiment is suitable for output signals of pulse type, fluctuation type and current type neutron detectors. The bandwidth of the collected signal is more than or equal to 350MHz, the highest sampling rate reaches l GSa/s, and the sampling depth is more than 10 bit; the peak value of the noise peak of the broadband low-noise amplifying circuit is less than or equal to 12 mV; the input current range of the high-insulation weak-current pre-stage amplifying circuit is lpA-200 mu A. Input isolation>1013Omega, and the peak value of the noise peak is less than or equal to 12 mV. The integration of the processing, acquisition, storage, analysis and display system of the neutron detector signal is realized.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-speed acquisition system for neutron detector signals is characterized by comprising a broadband low-noise amplifier, a high-insulation weak current amplifier, a high-speed digital acquisition processor, a high-voltage power supply, a power supply module and a control terminal;
the signal input end of the broadband low-noise amplifier is connected with a counting tube and used for pre-amplifying the output signal of the counting tube;
the signal input end of the high-insulation weak current amplifier is connected with the ionization chamber and is used for pre-amplifying an output signal of the ionization chamber;
the high-speed digital acquisition processor is used for acquiring an output signal of a broadband low-noise amplifier or an output signal of a high-insulation weak current amplifier; the high-speed digital acquisition processor is also used for controlling the range switching of the high-insulation weak current amplifier and the output control of the high-voltage power supply;
the high-voltage power supply is used for supplying power to the ionization chamber or the broadband low-noise amplifier;
the control terminal performs data interaction with the high-speed digital acquisition processor to realize system control and data acquisition and processing;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the broadband low-noise amplifier, the high-insulation weak current amplifier, the high-speed digital acquisition processor, the high-voltage power supply and the control terminal.
2. The high-speed neutron detector signal acquisition system of claim 1, wherein the counting tube output signal is a pulse signal, which enters a broadband low noise amplifier and is subjected to three-stage processing, the first stage being a charge sensitive amplification stage, the second stage being a zero-order cancellation stage, and the third stage being a secondary amplification stage.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the ionization chamber output signal is a dc signal that is passed to a high isolation weak current amplifier for bipolar processing, the first stage for current to voltage variation and the second stage for amplification and filtering.
4. The high-speed acquisition system of neutron detector signals according to claim 1, wherein the high-speed digital acquisition processor comprises a signal modulation module, a high-speed ADC, a range switching module, an FPGA, a high-voltage control module and a communication module;
the signal modulation module is used for receiving and modulating an output signal of a broadband low-noise amplifier or an output signal of a high-insulation weak-current amplifier, converting the processed signal into a digital signal through a high-speed ADC (analog to digital converter) and transmitting the digital signal to the FPGA;
the FPGA transmits control signals to the range switching module and the high-voltage control module respectively;
the range switching module is used for controlling the range switching of the high-insulation weak current amplifier;
the high-voltage control module is used for controlling the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply;
and the FPGA is in communication connection with the control terminal through the communication module.
5. The high-speed acquisition system of neutron detector signals according to claim 4, wherein the high-speed digital acquisition processor further comprises a DDR, and the DDR is connected with the FPGA and used for storing data.
6. The system for high-speed acquisition of neutron detector signals according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the power module comprises a first power module, a second power module and a third power module;
the first power supply module supplies power to a high-voltage power supply, a broadband low-noise amplifier and a high-insulation weak-current amplifier at the same time;
the second power supply module supplies power to the high-speed digital acquisition processor;
the third power supply module supplies power to the control terminal;
the first power supply module, the second power supply module and the third power supply module are all powered by 220V alternating current.
7. The system for high-speed acquisition of neutron detector signals according to claim 6, wherein the first power module employs a low-noise linear power supply, which provides +24V power for a high-voltage power supply, and provides + -5V power for both a broadband low-noise amplifier and a high-isolation weak-current amplifier.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the second power module uses a low noise switching power supply that provides ± 5V power to the high speed digital acquisition processor.
9. The high-speed acquisition system of neutron detector signals according to claim 1, wherein the third power supply module employs a switching power supply, which provides +12V power to the control terminal.
10. The high-speed acquisition system of neutron detector signals according to claim 1, wherein the control terminal comprises an industrial personal computer, a display and an input device.
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