CN111917361B - IGBT temperature control method and device for motor controller of electric vehicle - Google Patents

IGBT temperature control method and device for motor controller of electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111917361B
CN111917361B CN202010764530.9A CN202010764530A CN111917361B CN 111917361 B CN111917361 B CN 111917361B CN 202010764530 A CN202010764530 A CN 202010764530A CN 111917361 B CN111917361 B CN 111917361B
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temperature
temperature control
igbt
control unit
igbt module
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CN111917361A (en
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郝刘丹
尹欣欣
范浩
茹强
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Xian Fast Auto Drive Co Ltd
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Xian Fast Auto Drive Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
    • H02P29/68—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive based on the temperature of a drive component or a semiconductor component
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Abstract

The invention relates to a temperature control method of an electric automobile, in particular to a method and a device for controlling the temperature of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) of a motor controller of the electric automobile, and solves the technical problems that the IGBT module of the motor controller is not cooled sufficiently, the heat dissipation performance is poor, and the temperature of the IGBT module is difficult to control in the prior art. According to the invention, comprehensive parameters of IGBT temperature, motor controller output current, IGBT enabling, gradient, motor target torque, motor rotating speed and gearbox gear are calculated and set, the temperature control target temperature is calculated and set, the temperature of the IGBT module is effectively controlled and kept in the optimal working temperature range, different temperature control target temperatures are set in different power sections, and the radial basis function neural network algorithm and the fuzzy PID control method are adopted to improve the temperature control accuracy and keep the temperature in the optimal working temperature range. Meanwhile, the invention also provides an IGBT temperature control device of the motor controller of the electric automobile based on the method, which comprises a semiconductor refrigeration sheet, a radiator and a temperature control unit.

Description

IGBT temperature control method and device for motor controller of electric vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to a temperature control method of an electric automobile, in particular to a method and a device for controlling the temperature of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) of a motor controller of the electric automobile.
Background
With the gradual depletion of petroleum resources and the continuous aggravation of environmental hazards, the new energy pure electric of fuel automobiles becomes a necessary trend for development. The motor controller is a main control unit of the power system of the electric automobile, can effectively realize the function strategy of the whole automobile, controls the safe and reliable operation of the motor system and ensures the safe running of the automobile. In short, the motor controller is an electric energy conversion unit for connecting a battery and a motor in an electric vehicle, is a heart of a driving system and a control system, and is a key for ensuring safe and reliable operation of the whole vehicle in normal and stable operation. The IGBT module is widely used in a motor controller due to its characteristics of high switching speed, large current, high frequency, small on-resistance, and the like.
The IGBT module is a core power element of a motor controller, under the complex motion working condition of the electric automobile, the IGBT module can generate a large amount of heat loss due to long-time operation and frequent switching, if heat cannot be taken away in time and is accumulated in the controller, the working efficiency of the IGBT module is reduced when the temperature rise exceeds an allowable temperature range, the endurance mileage of the electric automobile is influenced, the output characteristic of a motor and the reliability and stability of the operation of an electric drive system are influenced, even a packaging layer of the IGBT module can crack or burn through under severe conditions, and the IGBT module is irreversibly damaged, so that a special radiator needs to be designed for the IGBT module to ensure that the temperature rise is in the allowable temperature range when the IGBT module normally works. In addition, the automobile can also appear cooling circuit and reveal and lead to the coolant liquid not enough in the driving, and the coolant water has foreign matter or rotten messenger cooling capacity to discount greatly, has abnormal conditions such as motor appearance locked rotor simultaneously, and these states all can lead to the IGBT module to appear overtemperature and even burn out, seriously influence the performance and the life of IGBT module.
At present, the cooling mode of the motor controller of the electric automobile mainly comprises forced air cooling and liquid cooling. The air cooling heat dissipation cost is low, but the heat dissipation capacity is limited; liquid cooling is the present main cooling mode, through set up the water course in machine controller bottom side, can give the coolant liquid with heat transfer after letting in circulating cooling liquid to reduce machine controller's temperature. Usually, the IGBT module is installed on the upper side of the water channel shell, heat is transferred to the water channel shell through the heat conduction silicone grease, and the water channel shell carries out heat exchange through cooling water, but the cooling capacity of the cooling mode is weak, particularly, the cooling of the IGBT module of the high-power electric appliance of the motor controller is not enough, and the IGBT module cannot be at the optimal working temperature. In order to improve the heat dissipation performance of the IGBT module, a water channel structure is improved at home and abroad or a liquid cooling radiator is additionally arranged on the lower side of the IGBT module, and the temperature of the IGBT module is reduced by increasing the heat dissipation area. For example, condenser tube fracture, there are a large amount of foreign matters and impurity in the cooling water, when abnormal conditions such as locked rotor appeared in the motor, the IGBT module is too warm, only relies on the liquid cooling to have can't reduce IGBT module temperature fast, seriously influences the performance and the life of IGBT module, can cause the IGBT module to burn out even. Moreover, the increasing power and the improving control precision of the motor controller also put higher demands on the heat dissipation of the IGBT module.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for controlling the temperature of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) of a motor controller of an electric vehicle, which are used for solving the technical problems of insufficient cooling of the IGBT module of the motor controller, poor heat dissipation and difficulty in controlling the temperature of the IGBT module in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an IGBT temperature control method of an electric vehicle motor controller is characterized in that:
step 1, detecting the open-tube state of the IGBT, and when detecting an open-tube signal of the IGBT, starting the operation of a temperature control unit; otherwise, the temperature control unit does not work;
step 2, when the electric automobile is detected to be in a starting gear, a climbing gear or a reverse gear, and the electric automobile is in a parking state or in a hill-holding state, executing step 3; if the vehicle is driven in the climbing gear, executing the step 4; if the vehicle is a forward gear or reverse gear vehicle, executing the step 5;
step 3, in order to prevent the temperature of the IGBT module from rapidly increasing, the temperature control unit reduces the temperature of the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration piece in advance:
3.1) temperature control Unit target temperature is set to TminDetermining the refrigerating current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet; t isminThe lowest temperature for the IGBT module is known under the condition that the service performance and the service life of the IGBT module are not influenced;
3.2) collecting the temperature Ts of the IGBT module in real time;
3.3) the temperature control unit keeps the refrigerating current unchanged until Ts is equal to Tmin；
Step 4, the temperature of the IGBT module continuously and rapidly increases, and the temperature control unit rapidly reduces the temperature of the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration piece:
4.1) temperature control Unit target temperature setting TaAnd determining the refrigerating current, T, of the semiconductor refrigerating chipaIs Ta＝a+bT
The values a and b are the optimal values obtained after actual calibration test when the electric automobile climbs a slope, and the parameters of the electric automobile used under the specific working condition can be solidified after actual calibration; t is a variable temperature value positively correlated with the output power of the motor, and different power sections take different T values;
4.2) collecting the temperature Ts of the IGBT module in real time;
4.3) adopting a fuzzy PID control method to control the temperature of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet until Ts is equal to Ta；
Step 5, the temperature control unit keeps the refrigeration current of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, reduces the cold surface temperature of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, or reduces the refrigeration current, slowly reduces the cold surface temperature of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, or increases the refrigeration current, and reduces the cold surface temperature of the semiconductor refrigeration piece in an accelerating way:
5.1) obtaining the target temperature T of the temperature control unit through a radial basis function neural networkbDetermining the refrigerating current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet;
5.2) collecting the temperature Ts of the IGBT module in real time;
5.3) when the temperature Ts of the IGBT module is at T1～T2The temperature control unit keeps the refrigerating current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet unchanged; wherein, T1～T2The known optimum operating temperature range for the IGBT module;
when the temperature Ts of the IGBT module is lower than T1The temperature and temperature control unit reduces the refrigerating current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet to ensure that the temperature Ts of the IGBT module is at T1～T2Within the range, the temperature control unit keeps the refrigeration current unchanged;
when the temperature Ts of the IGBT module is higher than T2Temperature controlThe temperature unit increases the refrigerating current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet to make the temperature Ts of the IGBT module at T1～T2Within range, the temperature control unit then keeps the cooling current constant.
Further, in step 4.3, the fuzzy PID control method includes the steps of:
a) the temperature acquisition data and the target temperature TaComparing to obtain the deviation of the temperature and the change rate of the temperature;
b) the temperature deviation and the temperature change rate are used as input quantity of a fuzzy controller, the fuzzy controller carries out fuzzy reasoning by using a fuzzy rule, and a fuzzy matrix table is inquired to adjust parameters of the PID controller; the fuzzy controller outputs the correction parameters of the pre-setting parameters, thereby obtaining three control parameters K of the PID controllerP、KI、KD：
Figure BDA0002610628140000041
In the formula, KP0、KI0、KD0The parameter is a pre-setting parameter which is an initial value of a parameter solidified after the test and calibration of the actual working condition of the electric automobile; Δ KP、ΔKI、ΔKDFor pre-setting parameter KP0、KI0、KD0The correction parameter of (1);
c) the PID controller controls the parameter K according to the set control parameterP、KI、KDAnd adjusting the PWM pulse width, controlling the input current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet and further controlling the temperature of the IGBT module.
Further, in step 5.1, the temperature control unit target temperature TbThe generation steps are as follows:
A) acquiring the gear n, the gradient alpha, the power P, the IGBT module temperature Ts and the corresponding temperature control unit target temperature T of the current electric automobilebTest sample data [ n α P Ts T [ ]b]；
B) An initial radial basis function neural network is created according to a formula,
Figure BDA0002610628140000042
where x is the input vector, x ═ n α P Ts]T；
Figure BDA0002610628140000043
For a target temperature T of a semiconductor temperature control unitbThe network output of (2);
Figure BDA0002610628140000044
as weights:
m is the number of hidden layer neurons;
Figure BDA0002610628140000045
is a central vector;
Figure BDA0002610628140000046
is the distance of the input vector to the center vector;
phi is a radial basis function;
C) according to the test sample data [ n alpha P Ts Tb]Training the initial radial basis function neural network to obtain a radial basis function neural network;
D) obtaining the target temperature T of the temperature control unit through a radial basis function neural network according to the current gear n, the gradient alpha, the power P and the temperature Ts of the IGBT moduleb。
Meanwhile, the invention also provides an IGBT temperature control device of the electric vehicle motor controller based on the method, which is characterized in that: comprises a semiconductor refrigerating sheet 4, a radiator 7 and a temperature control unit;
the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 4 is in parallel contact with the mounting surface of the IGBT module 1 to be controlled in temperature through the heat-conducting silicone grease 3; the hot surface of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 4 is in parallel contact with the mounting surface of the radiator 7 through the heat-conducting silicone grease 3;
the radiator 7 is hermetically arranged on the water channel shell 9 of the motor controller, and fins of the radiator 7 are positioned in the water channel;
the temperature control unit is connected with the anode 5 of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet and the cathode 2 of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet to control the input current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 4.
Further, in order to achieve a good heat conduction effect, the space between the heat sink 7 and the IGBT module 1 is filled with a heat insulation pad 6.
Further, radiator 7 passes through sealing washer 8 to be installed on motor controller water course casing 9, makes cooling water course and IGBT module separate completely, guarantees the drying of IGBT module.
Further, in order to ensure good contact of the working surfaces, the thickness of the heat conductive silicone grease 3 is 0.03 mm.
Further, the temperature control unit is integrated in the motor controller.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, by resolving the comprehensive parameters of IGBT temperature, motor controller output current, IGBT enable, gradient, motor target torque, motor rotating speed and gearbox gear, the temperature of the IGBT module is effectively controlled, so that the IGBT module is kept in the optimal working temperature range, the working performance and stability of the IGBT module are improved, and the service life of the IGBT module is prolonged;
2) in order to avoid the continuous change of the input current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet caused by the continuous change of the temperature set value of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet, different temperature values are taken at different power sections when the temperature control target temperature is set, so that the working efficiency and the service life of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet are ensured;
3) when the electric automobile is in a parking state or in a hill-holding state, the temperature control unit reduces the temperature of the semiconductor cold surface in advance, so that the temperature of an IGBT module is prevented from being increased sharply when the electric automobile is started, the stability of the IGBT is improved, and the service life of the IGBT is prolonged;
4) the climbing torque of the electric automobile is increased sharply, the power is constant, in order to achieve quick response and enable the measured temperature to reach the set temperature, the temperature control of the semiconductor refrigeration piece adopts fuzzy PID control, and the temperature of the IGBT module is effectively controlled;
5) the target temperature T of the temperature control unit is obtained through the radial basis function neural network by taking the gear n, the gradient alpha, the power P and the IGBT module temperature Ts of the electric automobile as inputbThe temperature control precision of the temperature control unit is improved; and the target temperature T of the temperature control unitbAnd the sectional value taking ensures the working efficiency and the service life of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat dissipation structure of an IGBT module according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the operation of the temperature control unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an IGBT temperature control method of the electric vehicle motor controller of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the fuzzy PID control in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an architecture diagram of a radial basis function neural network in accordance with the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
the water channel control device comprises a 1-IGBT module, 2-semiconductor refrigeration piece cathode, 3-heat conduction silicone grease, 4-semiconductor refrigeration piece, 5-semiconductor refrigeration piece anode, 6-heat insulation pad, 7-radiator, 8-sealing ring and 9-motor controller water channel shell.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
In order to control the temperature of the IGBT module, the invention adopts the semiconductor refrigerating sheet. The semiconductor refrigerating plate is also called as thermoelectric refrigeration and is formed by connecting an N-type element and a P-type element in series, when direct current passes through a loop of the N-type element and the P-type element, energy transfer can be generated, and the current flows to a joint of the P-type element from the N-type element to absorb heat to form a cold end; the junction from the P-type element to the N-type element releases heat to become the hot end. The magnitude of the heat absorption and release is determined by the magnitude of the current and the logarithm of the elements of semiconductor material P, N, and the thermoelectric effects of thermoelectric cooling include the seebeck effect, the peltier effect, and the thompson effect. The semiconductor refrigerating sheet assembly does not need any refrigerant, can continuously work, has no pollution source and no moving part, does not have vibration and noise during working, has long service life and easy installation, can realize high-precision temperature control through input current and is convenient to form an automatic control system. The semiconductor refrigerating assembly has very small thermal inertia, the refrigerating and heating time is fast, the conventional product can be realized from 150 ℃ to minus 90 ℃, and the service life is as long as 30 ten thousand hours.
According to the invention, the used semiconductor refrigeration piece is selected according to the heat dissipation capacity of the IGBT module of the motor controller, the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration piece is contacted with the IGBT module, the hot surface is contacted with the radiator, the fins of the radiator are positioned in the cooling water channel and are fully contacted with cooling water for heat exchange, and the temperature of the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration piece is ensured. The control of the temperature of the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigerating piece can be realized through the control of the temperature control unit of the semiconductor refrigerating piece, and the temperature of the IGBT module is effectively reduced.
In the figure 1, a layer of heat-conducting silicone grease 3 with the thickness of about 0.03mm is uniformly coated on each mounting surface of an IGBT module 1, a semiconductor refrigerating sheet 4 and a radiator 7, then the hot surface of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 4 is in parallel contact with the mounting surface of the radiator 7 and the cold surface of the IGBT module 1, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 4 is slightly rotated to extrude excessive heat-conducting silicone grease 3 to ensure good contact of each working surface, and the IGBT module 1, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 4 and the radiator 7 are fastened by bolts. For optimal cooling, the space between the IGBT module 1 and the radiator 7 is filled with a heat insulating mat 6. The radiator 7 is installed on a water channel shell 9 of the motor controller, and a sealing ring 8 is installed on a contact surface, so that the cooling water channel is completely separated from the IGBT module, and the drying of the IGBT module is guaranteed. The fins of the radiator 7 are in the water passages and directly exchange heat with the cooling water. The positive pole of the power supply is connected with the positive pole 5 of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet to form a refrigerating mode, and the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is converted into a heating mode by changing the current direction.
The semiconductor refrigeration chip can be controlled in temperature by a temperature control unit, and the temperature control unit can be integrated in the motor controller. As shown in fig. 2, the temperature control unit controls the input current of the semiconductor chilling plate according to the collected IGBT temperature, the output current of the motor controller, the IGBT enable, the gradient, the target torque of the motor, the motor speed and the transmission gear, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling the IGBT module, so that the IGBT module is in the optimal working temperature range required by the performance parameters of the IGBT module, and the IGBT module is prevented from being over-heated and burnt out.
In the running process of the electric automobile, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet temperature control unit controls the IGBT module to be at the optimal working temperature according to the temperature; the trend and the amplitude of temperature change can be pre-judged in advance according to the trends of the rotating speed and the torque, and the temperature of the cold surface can be reduced in advance, so that the temperature of the IGBT module is rapidly reduced, and the IGBT module is in the optimal working temperature range. When some abnormal conditions lead to heat dissipation abnormal, the IGBT temperature rises sharply, and the semiconductor refrigeration piece temperature control unit can reduce the cold face temperature of the semiconductor refrigeration piece according to the input signal that detects fast, reduces the temperature of IGBT module fast to the warning is fed back to vehicle control unit, avoids the IGBT module to burn out, improves the life of IGBT module.
When the electric automobile runs, particularly when the electric automobile is started and stopped frequently under congested road conditions, the working current of the IGBT module of the controller can correspondingly and frequently rise and fall, so that the junction temperature of the IGBT can rapidly change, and the service life of the IGBT module is greatly tested; when the vehicle climbs a slope, the output torque of the motor is large, the IGBT working current is large, and the heat is serious; when the vehicle is parked on a slope, the motor works under an approximate locked-rotor working condition, and the IGBT module continuously bears large current at the moment, so that the module is locally overheated, and the design of a heat dissipation system is challenged. The control strategy of the temperature control unit of the cooling device of the IGBT module is shown in FIG. 3, wherein T isminThe lowest temperature (T) of the IGBT module without affecting the service performance and the service life1,T2) Is the optimum operating temperature range of the IGBT, and Tmin、T1、T2All are known IGBT module temperature parameters. When the electric automobile is detected to be in a starting gear, a climbing gear or a reverse gear, and the electric automobile is in a parking state or in a hill-holding state, the temperature control unit reduces the temperature of the semiconductor cold surface in advance to prevent the temperature of the IGBT module from being increased sharply when the automobile is started, the stability and the service life of the IGBT are improved, and meanwhile, the target temperature of the temperature control unit is set as the lowest temperature T of the IGBT module without influencing the service performance and the service life of the IGBT modulemin. When the electric automobile is driven in a climbing gear, the temperature control sheetThe meta target temperature is TaThe value a and the value b are the optimal values obtained after the actual calibration test when the electric automobile climbs a slope, and the electric automobile used under the specific working condition can be actually calibrated to obtain the post-curing parameters; the T value is related to the torque and the rotating speed of the motor, namely is positively related to the power of the motor, and in order to avoid the situation that the input current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is continuously changed due to the continuous change of the temperature set value of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet, the working efficiency and the service life of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet are influenced, different T values are taken in different power sections, the power sections are not too many easily, and T is 0 in a smaller power range. When the vehicle is in forward gear or reverse gear, the target temperature of the temperature control unit is TbIf the temperature of the IGBT module is detected to be (T)1,T2) The output current of the temperature control unit is kept unchanged within the range, and if the temperature of the IGBT module is detected to be higher than T2Increasing the current to make the temperature of the IGBT module be (T)1,T2) Within the range.
The vehicle climbing torque is increased sharply and the power is constant, and in order to quickly respond and enable the measured temperature to reach the set temperature, the temperature control of the semiconductor refrigeration piece adopts fuzzy PID control. The input to the fuzzy controller is the deviation of the temperature and the rate of change of the temperature. The temperature difference e is the difference between the current measured temperature and the set temperature, and the temperature change rate ec is the temperature difference in unit time (i.e. one sampling period). The fuzzy controller utilizes the fuzzy rule to carry out fuzzy reasoning and queries the fuzzy matrix table to adjust the parameters of the PID controller. Fuzzy controller outputs three pre-setting parameters of PID controller, namely KP0、KI0、KD0The pre-setting parameter is a parameter initial value solidified after the test and calibration of the actual working condition of the electric automobile, and the correction parameter is added with the original PID control parameter (the pre-setting parameter) to obtain a control parameter KP、KI、KD：
Figure BDA0002610628140000081
And completing the online setting process of the PID controller parameters, so as to adjust the PWM pulse signal and control the temperature of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, wherein the control principle is shown in figure 4.
Temperature control unit target temperature T when vehicle is in forward and reversebThe generating step comprises: acquiring the gear n, the gradient alpha, the power P, the IGBT module temperature Ts and the corresponding temperature control unit target temperature T of the electric automobilebTest sample data [ n α P Ts T [ ]b]And creating a radial basis function neural network.
According to the formula
Figure BDA0002610628140000091
Creating an initial radial basis function neural network:
x is an input vector, x ═ n α P Ts]T；
Figure BDA0002610628140000092
For a target temperature T of a semiconductor temperature control unitbThe network output of (2);
Figure BDA0002610628140000093
is a weight;
m is the number of hidden layer neurons, and preferably, M is 6; (ii) a
Figure BDA0002610628140000094
Is a central vector;
Figure BDA0002610628140000095
is the distance of the input vector to the center vector;
phi is the radial basis function.
According to the test sample data [ n alpha P Ts Tb]And training the initial radial basis function neural network to obtain the radial basis function neural network. As shown in the structural diagram of the radial basis function neural network in FIG. 5, the gear n, the gradient alpha and the work of the electric automobile are calculatedThe rate P and the IGBT module temperature Ts are used as input, and the target temperature T of the temperature control unit is obtained through the radial basis function neural networkb. To prevent the generation of a target temperature TbThe continuous change of the input current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet caused by the continuous change of the temperature influences the working efficiency and the service life of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet, so that the target temperature T of the temperature control unitbAnd taking values in a segmented manner, and taking the input current of the semiconductor refrigeration chip corresponding to the lowest temperature value as the input current of the temperature segment in the same temperature segment.

Claims (8)

1. The IGBT temperature control method of the electric vehicle motor controller is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, detecting the open-tube state of the IGBT, and when detecting an open-tube signal of the IGBT, starting the operation of a temperature control unit; otherwise, the temperature control unit does not work;
step 2, when the electric automobile is detected to be in a starting gear, a climbing gear or a reverse gear and the electric automobile is in a parking state or in a hill-holding state, executing step 3; if the vehicle is driven in the climbing gear, executing the step 4; if the vehicle is a forward gear or reverse gear vehicle, executing the step 5;
step 3, in order to prevent the temperature of the IGBT module from rapidly increasing, the temperature control unit reduces the temperature of the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration piece in advance:
3.1) temperature control Unit target temperature is set to TminDetermining the refrigerating current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet; t isminThe lowest temperature for the IGBT module is known under the condition that the service performance and the service life of the IGBT module are not influenced;
3.2) collecting the temperature Ts of the IGBT module in real time;
3.3) the temperature control unit keeps the refrigerating current unchanged until Ts is equal to Tmin；
Step 4, the temperature of the IGBT module continuously and rapidly increases, and the temperature control unit rapidly reduces the temperature of the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration piece:
4.1) temperature control Unit target temperature setting TaAnd determining the refrigerating current, T, of the semiconductor refrigerating chipaIs Ta＝a+bT
The values a and b are the optimal values obtained after actual calibration test when the electric automobile climbs a slope, and the parameters of the electric automobile used under the specific working condition can be solidified after actual calibration; t is a variable temperature value positively correlated with the output power of the motor, and different power sections take different T values;
4.2) collecting the temperature Ts of the IGBT module in real time;
4.3) adopting a fuzzy PID control method to control the temperature of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet until Ts is equal to Ta；
Step 5, the temperature control unit keeps the refrigeration current of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, reduces the temperature of the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, or reduces the refrigeration current, slowly reduces the temperature of the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, or increases the refrigeration current, and reduces the temperature of the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration piece in an accelerating way:
5.1) obtaining the target temperature T of the temperature control unit through a radial basis function neural networkbDetermining the refrigerating current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet;
5.2) collecting the temperature Ts of the IGBT module in real time;
5.3) when the temperature Ts of the IGBT module is at T1～T2The temperature control unit keeps the refrigerating current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet unchanged; wherein, T1～T2The known optimum operating temperature range for the IGBT module;
when the temperature Ts of the IGBT module is lower than T1The temperature and temperature control unit reduces the refrigerating current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet to ensure that the temperature Ts of the IGBT module is at T1～T2Within the range, the temperature control unit keeps the refrigeration current unchanged;
when the temperature Ts of the IGBT module is higher than T2The temperature control unit increases the refrigerating current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet to ensure that the temperature Ts of the IGBT module is at T1～T2Within range, the temperature control unit then keeps the cooling current constant.
2. The IGBT temperature control method of the electric vehicle motor controller according to claim 1, wherein in step 4.3, the fuzzy PID control method comprises the following steps:
a) the temperature acquisition data and the target temperature TaComparing to obtain temperature deviation and temperature changeRate;
b) the temperature deviation and the temperature change rate are used as input quantity of a fuzzy controller, the fuzzy controller carries out fuzzy reasoning by using a fuzzy rule, and a fuzzy matrix table is inquired to adjust parameters of the PID controller; the fuzzy controller outputs the correction parameters of the pre-setting parameters, thereby obtaining three control parameters K of the PID controllerP、KI、KD：
Figure FDA0003243520810000021
In the formula, KP0、KI0、KD0The parameter is a pre-setting parameter which is an initial value of a parameter solidified after the test and calibration of the actual working condition of the electric automobile; Δ KP、ΔKI、ΔKDFor pre-setting parameter KP0、KI0、KD0The correction parameter of (1);
c) the PID controller controls the parameter K according to the set control parameterP、KI、KDAnd adjusting the PWM pulse width, controlling the input current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet and further controlling the temperature of the IGBT module.
3. The IGBT temperature control method of the electric vehicle motor controller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step 5.1, the target temperature T of the temperature control unitbThe generation steps are as follows:
A) acquiring the gear n, the gradient alpha, the power P, the IGBT module temperature Ts and the corresponding temperature control unit target temperature T of the current electric automobilebTest sample data [ n α P Ts T [ ]b]；
B) An initial radial basis function neural network is created according to a formula,
Figure FDA0003243520810000022
where x is the input vector, x ═ n α P Ts]T；
Figure FDA0003243520810000031
For a target temperature T of a semiconductor temperature control unitbThe network output of (2);
Figure FDA0003243520810000032
as weights:
m is the number of hidden layer neurons;
Figure FDA0003243520810000033
is a central vector;
Figure FDA0003243520810000034
is the distance of the input vector to the center vector;
Figure FDA0003243520810000035
is a radial basis function;
C) according to the test sample data [ n alpha P Ts Tb]Training the initial radial basis function neural network to obtain a radial basis function neural network;
D) obtaining the target temperature T of the temperature control unit through a radial basis function neural network according to the current gear n, the gradient alpha, the power P and the temperature Ts of the IGBT moduleb。
4. An IGBT temperature control device of an electric vehicle motor controller, which is used for realizing the IGBT temperature control method of the electric vehicle motor controller according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and is characterized in that: comprises a semiconductor refrigerating sheet (4), a radiator (7) and a temperature control unit;
the cold surface of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (4) is in parallel contact with the mounting surface of the IGBT module (1) to be controlled in temperature through the heat-conducting silicone grease (3); the hot surface of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (4) is in parallel contact with the mounting surface of the radiator (7) through the heat-conducting silicone grease (3);
the radiator (7) is hermetically arranged on the water channel shell (9) of the motor controller, and fins of the radiator (7) are positioned in the water channel;
the temperature control unit is connected with the anode (5) of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet and the cathode (2) of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet to control the input current of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet (4).
5. The IGBT temperature control device of the electric vehicle motor controller according to claim 4, characterized in that: and a heat insulation pad (6) is filled between the radiator (7) and the IGBT module (1).
6. The IGBT temperature control device of the electric vehicle motor controller according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the radiator (7) is installed on the water channel shell (9) of the motor controller through a sealing ring (8).
7. The IGBT temperature control device of the electric vehicle motor controller according to claim 6, characterized in that: the thickness of the heat-conducting silicone grease (3) is 0.03 mm.
8. The IGBT temperature control device of the electric vehicle motor controller according to claim 7, characterized in that: the temperature control unit is integrated in the motor controller.
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