CN111916877A - 电动汽车常规电源和动力电源互补储热蓄电装置 - Google Patents
电动汽车常规电源和动力电源互补储热蓄电装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明将钠镍熔盐电池或低温特性优异的锂电池作为电动汽车常规电器的供电电源配置,与高密度动力锂电池形成互补供能,其目的是防范常规用电故障导致动力电池性能下降或损坏,同时利用高温钠镍熔盐电池充放电产生的化学热及储热环境为汽车空调及动力电池热管理系统提供电力或热源,在提高电动汽车安全性能基础上延长动力电池使用寿命。该发明属汽车和化学蓄电池技术领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明将钠镍熔盐电池或低温特性优异的锂电池作为电动汽车常规电器的供电电源配置,与高密度动力锂电池形成互补供能,其目的是防范常规用电故障导致动力电池性能下降或损坏,同时利用高温钠镍熔盐电池充放电产生的化学热及储热环境为汽车空调及动力电池热管理系统提供电力或热源,在提高电动汽车安全性能基础上延长动力电池使用寿命。该发明属汽车和化学蓄电池技术领域。
背景技术
随着电动汽车的普及和应用,逐渐暴露出与燃油汽车相比存在的几个关键问题,一是行车里程受制于电池密度和容量;二是空调、照明等常规电力消耗严重影响行车里程且缩短动力电池使用寿命;三是锂电池较差的低温特性作为动力电源使用直接限制汽车使用性,即低温环境下动力电池容量明显降低,放电电流减小,导致车辆无法启动和行驶,因此必须为动力电池配备预热装置;四是常规电力系统一旦出现故障极易波及动力电池,导致性能降低甚至热失控,引发自燃事故等。为解决这些问题,汽车企业在电动汽车中引入储热技术,例如中国专利文献201810127170.4和201811517159.5在电动汽车中加入储能装置,以实现电动汽车的余热储存和再利用,专利201710762612.8则是增加储热系统为动力电池低温预热,专利201811516249.2则专门配置蓄热换热器,在电动汽车锂电池包中增加低温预热系统,以替代PTC电加热对电池包进行低温预热。其实,钠镍熔盐电池最早应用于电动汽车,而且通过有关国家严格考核,只是在高容量高密度三元锂电池出现后,钠镍熔盐电池在民用乘用车辆上的优势逐渐丧失,但是不可否定,钠镍熔盐电池的安全特性是三元锂电池无法比拟的,而且钠镍熔盐电池本身具有储热环境,可以设想,如果将钠镍熔盐电池作为独立的常规电力供电装置配属民用乘用车辆,与高密度动力锂电池形成互补,一可通过建立常规用电和动力用电两个供电系统来提高动力电池的安全性,二可利用其储热功能为动力电池提供低温环境保障,三可发挥动力电池高密度高容量优势保障汽车行车里程。近年来钠镍熔盐电池重回储能市场,技术性能有了大幅提高,因此作为常规电源配属民用乘用车是完全可能的。
发明内容
本发明电动汽车常规电源和动力电源互补储热蓄电装置所要解决的技术问题是针对电动汽车存在的安全等问题,利用两种性能各异的电池组建立常规用电和动力用电两个互补供能系统,同时借助钠镍熔盐电池组兼具的储热功能为汽车热管理及空调系统提供热源。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
所述电动汽车常规电源和动力电源互补储热蓄电装置包括用于常规供电的钠镍熔盐电池组、或低温特性优异的钛酸锂电池组,用于动力供电的高容量高密度动力锂电池组,补热器、电力加热器、储热装置、储热介质、换热器、传热介质以及储罐,传热管道、循环泵,动力机组、空调系统、充电器插口、电池管理系统、电力和功能控制系统,其特征在于:用于常规供电的钠镍熔盐电池组电力接口一端经电力和功能控制系统连接充电器插口,电力输出端连接汽车各类照明系统、空调系统、汽车电子电器、通信导航系统、汽车电力和功能控制系统;钠镍熔盐电池组内设置电力加热器和换热器,换热器进出口分别连接传热管道和循环泵以及补热器进出端口;用于动力供电的高容量高密度动力锂电池组电力接口一端经电力和功能控制系统连接充电器插口,输出端直接连接动力机组;采用低温特性优异的钛酸锂电池组需配套专门的储热装置,其传热进出口通过传热管道或循环泵连接设置在动力锂电池组内的补热器;电池管理系统与电力和功能控制系统实现上述功能控制及转换;
1)上述传热介质选择高温硅油,或防冻液、或氮气,放置在储罐内;
2)上述钠镍熔盐电池组包括外壳、保温层、储热介质、数量不等的钠镍熔盐单体电池、阴极和阳极电极端子、换热器、电力加热器,钠镍熔盐电池组电功率选择在1千瓦至10千瓦之间;根据选择的功率配置单体钠镍熔盐电池;电力加热器设置在储热层内或设置在保温层四周内壁;在电池组底部设置换热器及传热管道进出口,通过传热管道和循环泵连接动力锂电池组的补热器进出口,由温度传感器控制两个电池组之间的热能传递与交换;或同时将传热管道连接汽车空调系统,为制冷或供暖提供热能,在夏季补热器兼做冷却器;
3)上述储热装置与低温特性优异的钛酸锂电池组配套使用,钛酸锂电池组电功率选择在1千瓦至10千瓦之间;储热装置包括外壳、保温层、储热介质、电力加热器、换热器、传热介质以及传热管道和循环泵;储热装置通过传热管道和循环泵连接动力锂电池组的补热器进出口,由电池管理系统控制和实现热能传递与交换;或同时将传热管道连接汽车空调系统,为制冷或供暖提供热能,在夏季补热器兼做冷却器;
4)上述储热介质选择固体储热介质陶瓷、或玻璃、或花岗岩、或玄武岩、或火成岩的其中一种或混合物,经粉碎后成颗粒状,或选择普通砂子、或石英砂;或水泥粉料、粉煤灰;或预制的带有电池安装孔的水泥、镁铝制成品;或选择固液相变储热材料,如工业石蜡、低结晶点熔盐;
5)上述储热介质或选择无火焰化学热生成、放热反应温和且安全的混合物制成品作为可填充物质放置在储热装置中,包括专门用于制热且可储热的氧化钙、氯化钙、镁粉或氯化镁、铁粉或氧化铁、铝粉或氧化铝,激活剂宜选择水;该储热装置与低温特性优异的钛酸锂电池组配套使用;
6)上述用于动力供电的锂电池组选择三元锂电池、钴酸锂电池、锰酸锂电池、或固体锂电池、或锂硫电池、或锂空气电池、或锂硅电池。
本发明新颖之处在于:
1)充分利用钠镍熔盐电池的储热以及充放电产生的化学热为汽车热循环和空调系统补热一举多得,无需另行建立储热装置。
2)将钠镍熔盐电池与高容量动力锂电池同时配属民用车辆,一通过物理隔离常规用电和动力用电两个供电系统可提高动力电池的安全性;二利用钠镍熔盐电池自身的储热功能和不惧低温的特性为动力电池提供低温环境保障,防止低温环境下启动汽车和对汽车充电直接损害动力电池;三可充分发挥动力电池高密度高容量优势专一服务于汽车行车里程,在必要时还可使用常规电力为动力电池提供电力辅助,免除用户夏季不敢开冷气,冬季不敢送热风的烦恼,真正建立与燃油汽车可靠的技术竞争优势。
附图说明
图1是本发明钠镍熔盐电池组互补供电构造示意图
图2是本发明钛酸锂电池组互补供电构造示意图
其中:1钠镍熔盐电池组、2动力锂电池组、3补热器、4电力加热器、5储热介质、6换热器、7传热管道、8循环泵,9动力机组、10空调系统、11充电器插口、12电池管理系统、13电力和功能控制系统、14照明系统、15汽车电子电器、16通信导航系统、17储罐、18钠镍熔盐单体电池、19钛酸锂电池组、20储热装置、21电力电缆
具体实施方式
用于常规供电的钠镍熔盐电池组1的电力接口一端经电池管理系统12以及电力和功能控制系统13连接充电器插口11,电力输出端连接汽车各类照明系统14、空调系统10、汽车电子电器15、通信导航系统16,钠镍熔盐电池组内设置电力加热器4和换热器6,换热器6进出口分别连接传热管道7、储罐17和循环泵8以及补热器3进出端口,用于动力供电的高容量高密度动力锂电池组2电力接口一端经电池管理系统12以及电力和功能控制系统13连接充电器插口11,输出端直接连接动力机组9;补热器3设置在动力锂电池组2内;电池管理系统12与电力和功能控制系统13实现对上述功能控制及转换。
所述钠镍熔盐电池组1的电功率选择在2千瓦至10千瓦之间,优选5千瓦,电力加热器4设置在储热层内或设置在保温层内四周;在电池组底部设置换热器6及传热管道7进出口,通过传热管道7、储罐17和循环泵8连接动力锂电池组2的补热器3进出口,由电池管理系统12控制两个电池组之间的热能传递与交换;或同时将传热管道7连接汽车空调系统10,为车辆乘员空间制冷或供暖提供热能。
储热装置20与低温特性优异的钛酸锂电池组19配套使用时,钛酸锂电池组19电功率选择在1千瓦至10千瓦之间;储热装置20包括外壳、保温层、储热介质5、电力加热器4、换热器6、传热管道7和循环泵8;其中储热介质5或选择无火焰化学热生成、放热反应温和且安全的混合物制成品作为可填充物质放置在储热装置20中,包括专门用于制热且可储热的氧化钙、氯化钙、镁粉或氯化镁、铁粉或氧化铁、铝粉或氧化铝,激活剂宜选择水。
本发明不限于上述例举范围,只要不背离本创意原则或等同变换应用范围,均在本发明保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.电动汽车常规电源和动力电源互补储热蓄电装置包括用于常规供电的钠镍熔盐电池组、或低温特性优异的钛酸锂电池组,用于动力供电的高容量高密度动力锂电池组,补热器、电力加热器、换热器、传热介质以及储罐,传热管道、循环泵,储热装置,储热介质,动力机组,空调系统、充电器插口、电池管理系统、电力和功能控制系统,其特征在于:用于常规供电的钠镍熔盐电池组电力接口一端经电力和功能控制系统连接充电器插口,电力输出端连接汽车各类照明系统、空调系统、汽车电子电器、通信导航、汽车电力和功能控制系统;钠镍熔盐电池组内设置电力加热器和换热器,换热器进出口分别连接传热管道和循环泵以及补热器进出端口;用于动力供电的高容量高密度动力锂电池组电力接口一端经电力和功能控制系统连接充电器插口,输出端直接连接动力机组;补热器设置在动力锂电池组内;电池管理系统与电力和功能控制系统实现上述功能控制及转换;
1)上述传热介质选择高温硅油,或防冻液、或氮气,放置在储罐内;
2)上述钠镍熔盐电池组包括外壳、保温层、储热介质、数量不等的钠镍熔盐单体电池、阴极和阳极电极端子、换热器、电力加热器,钠镍熔盐电池组电功率选择在1千瓦至10千瓦之间;根据选择的功率配置单体钠镍熔盐电池;电力加热器设置在储热层内或设置在保温层四周内壁;在电池组底部设置换热器及传热管道进出口,通过传热管道和循环泵连接动力锂电池组的补热器进出口,由温度传感器控制两个电池组之间的热能传递与交换;或同时将传热管道连接汽车空调系统,为制冷或供暖提供热能,在夏季补热器兼做冷却器;
3)上述储热装置与低温特性优异的钛酸锂电池组配套使用,钛酸锂电池组电功率选择在1千瓦至10千瓦之间;储热装置包括外壳、保温层、储热介质、电力加热器、换热器、传热介质以及传热管道和循环泵;储热装置通过传热管道和循环泵连接动力锂电池组的补热器进出口,由电池管理系统控制和实现热能传递与交换;或同时将传热管道连接汽车空调系统,为制冷或供暖提供热能,在夏季补热器兼做冷却器;
4)上述储热介质选择固体储热介质陶瓷、或玻璃、或花岗岩、或玄武岩、或火成岩的其中一种或混合物,经粉碎后成颗粒状,或选择普通砂子、或石英砂;或水泥粉料、粉煤灰;或预制的带有电池安装孔的水泥、镁铝制成品;或选择固液相变储热材料,如工业石蜡、低结晶点熔盐;
5)上述储热介质或选择无火焰化学热生成、放热反应温和且安全的混合物制成品作为可填充物质放置在储热装置中,包括专门用于制热且可储热的氧化钙、氯化钙、镁粉或氯化镁、铁粉或氧化铁、铝粉或氧化铝,激活剂宜选择水;该储热装置与低温特性优异的钛酸锂电池组配套使用;
6)上述用于动力供电的锂电池组选择三元锂电池、钴酸锂电池、锰酸锂电池、或固体锂电池、或锂硫电池、或锂空气电池、或锂硅电池。
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CN112993438A (zh) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-18 | 中电科创智联(武汉)有限责任公司 | 一种叉车锂电池半导体热管理系统 |
CN113942420A (zh) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-18 | 中科派思储能技术有限公司 | 一种具有锂硫增程器的电池系统及电动汽车 |
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CN112436212A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-02 | 湖南电将军新能源有限公司 | 一种低温放电富铝锂快充电池 |
CN112993438A (zh) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-18 | 中电科创智联(武汉)有限责任公司 | 一种叉车锂电池半导体热管理系统 |
CN113942420A (zh) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-18 | 中科派思储能技术有限公司 | 一种具有锂硫增程器的电池系统及电动汽车 |
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