CN111913234A - Stratum profile standard sample for calibrating vertical resolution of shallow stratum profiler, and sound velocity real-time measurement system and method - Google Patents
Stratum profile standard sample for calibrating vertical resolution of shallow stratum profiler, and sound velocity real-time measurement system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stratum profile standard sample and a sound velocity instant measuring system and method for calibrating vertical resolution of a shallow stratum profiler, wherein the stratum profile standard sample mainly comprises a water-sand mixture sample, a solid rock sample and a fence, wherein the water-sand mixture and the solid rock are placed in the fence from top to bottom, and the fence is made of organic glass; the invention also provides a system for measuring the sound velocity of the standard sample of the matched stratum profile in real time, and the calibration precision is ensured. The invention has the beneficial effects that: by selecting sample raw materials and tracing the source of the geometric dimension of the standard sample, a stable and accurate quantitative standard is provided for the calibration of the longitudinal resolution capability of the shallow stratum profiler, calibration service can be provided for the development of the shallow stratum profile detection technology, the research efficiency of the related technology is improved, the industry development is promoted, and the guarantee is provided for the ocean development and ocean engineering construction in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of measurement and testing, in particular to a system and a method for measuring a stratum profile standard sample and sound velocity in real time for calibrating the vertical resolution of a shallow stratum profiler, belonging to the field of acoustics (underwater sound).
Background
The application of the invention is the background of the shallow stratum profile detection technology. Shallow stratum profile detection is a geophysical method for continuously detecting underwater shallow stratum structures and structures based on the water acoustic principle in an air-travelling mode. The shallow stratum profiler is also called shallow stratum seismic profiler, is an improvement on the ultra-wideband submarine profiler, and is an instrument and equipment for detecting the structure and structure of a shallow stratum profile by using sound waves. The acoustic profile graph reflects the shallow stratum tissue structure, has high resolution, and can economically and efficiently detect the shallow stratum profile structure and structure of the seabed.
The shallow stratum profiler is developed on the basis of a depth finder, but the emission frequency is lower, sound wave signals continuously penetrate to a deeper layer of a bottom bed after penetrating through the bottom of the bed by a water body, and the structure condition of a shallow stratum below the sea bottom can be detected by combining geological interpretation. The shallow stratum profile detection has higher performance in the aspects of stratum resolution and stratum penetration depth, the combination of frequency sweeping signals can be selected at will, working parameters can be designed and adjusted in real time on site, the thickness of floating mud on the seabed can be measured in the process of track survey, and the depth of solid rock of a drilling platform of an offshore oil field can also be surveyed.
At present, the shallow layer profiler is widely applied to various ocean engineering and plays an important role in ocean construction in China. The requirements on the shallow layer profiler are gradually improved along with the development of the ocean, but the domestic evaluation on the performance of the shallow layer profiler, particularly the evaluation on the detection performance of the thickness of the stratum profile, is short of a quantitative standard. Currently, the resolution of a shallow profile instrument is calibrated mainly according to working frequency, signal form, signal processing method, past measurement scheme and the like.
However, the seabed environment has a complex structure, the geological compositions in different sea areas are obviously different, and the measuring effects of the same shallow stratum profiler in different sea areas are greatly different; at present, in a laboratory environment, the performance of the shallow stratum profiler is calibrated, and people cannot be convinced due to the lack of quantitative standards and the comparison and demonstration with an actual working environment.
In addition, in the development process of the shallow stratum profile detection technology, if the standard is lacked, the reliability of experimental data is reduced, the research efficiency is limited, and the technical development is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a stratum profile standard sample, a sound velocity instant measuring system and a method for calibrating the vertical resolution of a shallow stratum profiler.
The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means. A stratum profile standard sample for calibrating vertical resolution of a shallow stratum profiler mainly comprises a water-sand mixture sample, a solid rock sample and a fence, wherein the water-sand mixture and the solid rock are placed in the fence from top to bottom, and the fence is made of organic glass and used for reducing influence of edge diffraction on test precision of the sample; the requirement of the particle size range of the sand is 0.1 mm-1 mm, and the measurement of the particle size range of the sand can be traced to Shanghai measurement institute according to GB/T19077-2016 laser diffraction method for particle size analysis.
The stratum profile standard sample is used as a quantitative standard for calibrating the vertical resolution of the shallow stratum profiler, and has a complete tracing path.
The invention also provides a system for measuring the sound velocity of the standard sample of the matched stratum profile in real time, which ensures the calibration precision; the system mainly comprises a water-sand mixture sample, a solid rock sample, an underwater acoustic transducer A, an oscilloscope, a signal generator, an underwater acoustic transducer B and a power amplifier, wherein the water-sand mixture sample is made into a cuboid by using samples with the same origin as the raw materials of all medium layers of an underwater stratum profile standard sample, the water-sand mixture sample is placed in a water tank, the two underwater acoustic transducers A are placed on two sides of the solid rock sample at the same height, and the distance between the two underwater acoustic transducers A is L; two underwater acoustic transducers B are arranged on two sides of the water-sand mixture sample at the same height, and the distance between the two underwater acoustic transducers B is L; one path of the underwater acoustic transducer A and the other path of the underwater acoustic transducer B are respectively connected with the power amplifier and the signal generator, the other path of the underwater acoustic transducer B is respectively connected with the oscilloscope, and the trigger signal generated by the signal generator is connected into the oscilloscope.
The invention also provides a vertical resolution calibration test method of the shallow stratum profiler by adopting the stratum profile standard sample, which comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a stratum profile standard sample according to the test requirements;
(2) detecting the surface flatness of each medium layer, randomly selecting several positions around the stratum section standard sample to measure the thickness of the medium layer, and strictly regulating the thickness of the medium layer of the stratum section standard sample and the flatness detection method of the surface of the medium layer;
(3) placing the standard sample of the stratum profile into a test silencing pool;
(4) measuring the medium sound velocity of a water-sand mixture sample and a solid rock sample in the same pool by using a sound velocity instant measuring system;
(5) and finishing the test sound field arrangement, and starting the vertical resolution calibration test of the shallow stratum profiler.
In the step (4), according to the performance index of the underwater acoustic transducer, the size of the sample and the sound absorption coefficient of the measured medium, using a proper measuring frequency, the signal generator sends out a signal, the signal is amplified by the power amplifier, the underwater acoustic transducer A and the underwater acoustic transducer B connected with the signal generator are excited to send out sound waves, and then the underwater acoustic transducer A and the underwater acoustic transducer B connected with the oscilloscope receive the sound waves through a certain time delay; the time delay is the time required for the sound wave to propagate from the transmitting transducer to the receiving transducer, the time delay t is obtained by measuring the time difference between the arrival of the trigger signal and the sound wave signal on an oscilloscope, the sound velocity c of the medium can be calculated by knowing the propagation time and the propagation distance of the sound wave,
the calculation formula of the sound velocity is as follows:
in order to ensure the reliability of measurement, the sound velocity measurement sample needs to be placed in a water pool for measurement, and the sound velocity measurement sample and the underwater stratum profile standard sample are ensured to be in the same environment.
In the step (5), the shallow stratum profiler to be calibrated is installed above the stratum profile standard sample during measurement, the thickness of each medium layer of the stratum profile standard sample is measured by using the shallow stratum profiler, and then the measurement result is compared with the actual thickness of each medium layer of the stratum profile standard sample to obtain the vertical resolution calibration result of the shallow stratum profiler.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a construction method of a stratum profile standard sample for calibrating the longitudinal resolution capability of a shallow stratum profiler. By selecting sample raw materials and tracing the source of the geometric dimension of the standard sample, a stable and accurate quantitative standard is provided for the calibration of the longitudinal resolution capability of the shallow stratum profiler, calibration service can be provided for the development of the shallow stratum profile detection technology, the research efficiency of the related technology is improved, the industry development is promoted, and the guarantee is provided for the ocean development and ocean engineering construction in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a standard sample of a profile of a subterranean formation according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring the sound velocity of a standard sample of a formation profile.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of sound field placement during a vertical resolution calibration experiment of a shallow stratigraphic profile instrument.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following figures and examples:
at present, a domestic method for calibrating the vertical resolution of the shallow layer profiler is a method introduced in JJG (traffic) 140-2017 ' calibration regulations of shallow layer profilers in water transportation engineering ' 7.3.3 maximum allowable error of vertical resolution '. The implementation of the method needs a special test water tank, and the measurement uncertainty is large. In order to improve the calibration accuracy of the vertical resolution of the shallow stratum profiler, a stratum profile standard sample needs to be manufactured.
The stratum profile standard sample is provided for evaluating the longitudinal resolution capability of a shallow stratum profiler, so that the stratum profile standard sample has the characteristics of capability of effectively simulating an underwater bottom profile environment, easiness in raw material purchase, stable property, complete tracing path, simplicity and convenience in construction method and the like.
The section media of the underwater geological formation can be roughly divided into a water-sand mixture and solid rocks, so when a standard sample of the section of the geological formation is manufactured, the raw materials are sand and the solid rocks. The sand is common yellow sand for buildings, and the solid rock is bluestone common in buildings. The two materials are common components of an underwater stratum medium, and can effectively simulate an underwater geological environment. In addition, the yellow sand and the bluestone are common materials in building engineering, are easy to purchase and are beneficial to popularization and use of standard samples of the stratum profile.
According to the results of multiple tests, the particle size distribution of the sand in the water-sand mixture is in the range of 0.1 mm-1 mm. The reason why the particle size of the sand is not preferably less than 0.1mm is that if the particle size of the sand is too small, dust is accumulated on the surface of the sand layer during the process of uniformly stirring the sand layer. This results in a high reflectivity of the gravel surface, which is not conducive to the detection of a shallow profiler. In addition, the small particle size of the sand can cause the sand to be easily sputtered due to water flow impact in the process of placing the stratum profile standard sample, so that a test pool is polluted. Comparing the detection results of the particle sizes of the sand before and after elutriation can find that the sand which is fully elutriated almost has no sand with the particle size less than 0.1 mm. The reason why the particle size of the sand should not be larger than 1mm is that if the particle size of the sand is too large, large gaps exist among the sand particles, air bubbles are easily generated to be not beneficial to infiltration of water, the stability of a medium is affected, further the storage and use of a standard sample are affected, and the detection of a shallow stratum profiler is not facilitated. The detection of the particle size of the sand can be traced to Shanghai measurement institute, and the reference standard is GB/T19077-2016 laser diffraction method for particle size analysis.
For convenience of manufacture, the shape of the stratum section standard sample is a cuboid, the bottom medium is composed of a solid rock sample 2, organic glass is used as a fence 3 around the solid rock sample 2, and the organic glass and the fence form a cuboid container; then, the water-sand mixture sample 1 is flatly laid on the bottom surface of the solid rock sample 2, and the thickness of each layer of sample can be determined according to the test requirements. The structure of the stratum profile standard sample is shown in figure 1, and the stratum profile standard sample is composed of a water-sand mixed sample 1, a solid rock sample 2 and an organic glass fence 3, wherein the solid rock sample is used as a bottom, the organic glass fence is surrounded on the periphery, and the water-sand mixed sample is laid above the solid rock sample.
In order to ensure the detection method of the flatness of each layer of medium, referring to the test method introduced in T0931-2008 of JTG E60-2008 of Highway subgrade and pavement on-site test regulations, instruments used in the test method can be traced to the China measurement institute. Whether the interfaces of each layer of medium are parallel is judged by randomly selecting 10 different peripheral positions to measure the thickness of the single-layer medium layer. The steel tape used for measurement is detected by referring to JJG 4-2015 Steel tape, and can be traced to Shanghai measurement institute.
The working principle of the shallow stratum profiler is to calculate the thickness of each layer by analyzing the time difference of reflected waves between interfaces of different medium layers and then referring to the sound velocity. In the current calibration method of the vertical resolution of the shallow stratum profiler, the used sound velocity is an empirical value and is not an instant measurement value. In fact, the medium sound velocity is greatly influenced by factors such as temperature and storage time, and the thickness of the medium layer is calculated simply according to the empirical value of the sound velocity, so that the measurement uncertainty is high. Therefore, the standard sample of the stratum profile needs to be matched with an instant sound velocity measurement system of each layer of medium. The system mainly comprises a water-sand mixture sample 1, a solid rock sample 2, an underwater acoustic transducer A4, an oscilloscope 5, a signal generator 6, an underwater acoustic transducer B7 and a power amplifier 8, wherein the water-sand mixture sample 1, the solid rock sample 2 and a standard stratum profile sample medium are made into a cuboid, the water-sand mixture sample 1 is placed in a cuboid water tank, the two underwater acoustic transducers A4 are placed on two sides of the solid rock sample 2 at the same height, and the distance between the underwater acoustic transducers A4 is L; two underwater acoustic transducers B7 are placed on two sides of the water-sand mixture sample 1 at the same height, and the distance between the underwater acoustic transducers B7 is L; one path of the underwater acoustic transducer A4 and one path of the underwater acoustic transducer B7 are respectively connected with the power amplifier 8 and the signal generator 6, the other path of the underwater acoustic transducer A4 and the other path of the underwater acoustic transducer B7 are respectively connected with the oscilloscope 5, and the trigger signal generated by the signal generator 6 is connected to the oscilloscope 5.
And then, according to the performance index of the transducer, the sample size and the sound absorption coefficient of the measured medium, using proper measuring frequency. The signal generator sends out a signal, the signal is amplified by the power amplifier, the transducer connected with the signal generator is excited to send out sound waves, and then the transducer connected with the oscilloscope receives the sound waves after a certain time delay. The time delay is the time required for the sound wave to propagate from the transmitting transducer to the receiving transducer, and the time delay can be obtained by measuring the time difference between the arrival of the trigger signal and the sound wave signal on an oscilloscope. Knowing the propagation time and the propagation distance of the acoustic wave, the sound velocity of the medium can be calculated. In order to ensure the reliability of measurement, the sound velocity measurement sample needs to be placed in a water pool for measurement, and the sound velocity measurement sample and the stratum profile standard sample are ensured to be in the same environment.
The thickness and the sound velocity of each medium layer of the stratum profile standard sample are accurately known, so that the vertical resolution of the shallow stratum profiler can be accurately calibrated based on the stratum profile standard sample.
The invention discloses a vertical resolution calibration test method for a shallow stratum section instrument by using a stratum section standard sample, which comprises the following steps:
(1) purchasing a raw material of a standard stratum profile sample, manufacturing an organic glass fence, and manufacturing the standard stratum profile sample according to the test requirements;
(2) detecting the surface flatness of each medium layer, and randomly selecting 10 positions around the stratum section standard sample to measure the thickness of the medium layer;
(3) placing the standard sample of the stratum profile into a test silencing pool 10;
(4) measuring the medium sound velocity of a water-sand mixture sample 1 and a solid rock sample 2 in the same pool by using a sound velocity instant measuring system; the signal generator 6 sends out a signal, the signal is amplified by the power amplifier 8, the underwater acoustic transducer A4 and the underwater acoustic transducer B7 connected with the signal are excited to send out sound waves, and then the underwater acoustic transducer A4 and the underwater acoustic transducer B7 connected with the oscilloscope receive the sound waves after certain time delay; the time delay is the time required for the sound wave to propagate from the transmitting transducer to the receiving transducer, the time delay t is obtained by measuring the time difference between the arrival of the trigger signal and the sound wave signal on an oscilloscope, the sound velocity c of the medium can be calculated by knowing the propagation time and the propagation distance of the sound wave,
of sonic velocityThe calculation formula is as follows:
(5) and finishing the test sound field arrangement, starting a vertical resolution calibration test of the shallow stratum profiler, as shown in fig. 3, installing the shallow stratum profiler 9 to be calibrated above the stratum profile standard sample during measurement, measuring the thickness of each medium layer of the stratum profile standard sample by using the shallow stratum profiler, and then comparing the measurement result with the actual thickness of each medium layer of the stratum profile standard sample to obtain the vertical resolution calibration result of the shallow stratum profiler.
It should be understood that equivalent substitutions and changes to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention should be made by those skilled in the art to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A stratigraphic section standard sample for calibrating vertical resolution of a shallow profiler, comprising: the stratum profile standard sample mainly comprises a water-sand mixture sample (1), a solid rock sample (2) and a fence (3), wherein the water-sand mixture (1) and the solid rock (2) are placed in the fence (3) from top to bottom, the fence (3) is made of organic glass, and the particle size range of sand is required to be 0.1-1 mm.
2. The stratigraphic section standard sample for calibrating vertical resolution of a shallow profiler as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the stratum profile standard sample is used as a quantitative standard for calibrating the vertical resolution of the shallow stratum profiler, and has a complete tracing path.
3. A sound velocity instant measurement system matched with a stratum profile standard sample is characterized in that: the device mainly comprises a water-sand mixture sample (1), a solid rock sample (2), an underwater acoustic transducer A (4), an oscilloscope (5), a signal generator (6), an underwater acoustic transducer B (7) and a power amplifier (8), wherein the water-sand mixture sample (1) is placed in a water tank, the two underwater acoustic transducers A (4) are placed on two sides of the solid rock sample (2) at the same height, and the distance between the underwater acoustic transducers A (4) is L; two underwater acoustic transducers B (7) are placed on two sides of the water-sand mixture sample (1) at the same height, and the distance between the underwater acoustic transducers B (7) is L; one path of the underwater acoustic transducer A (4) and one path of the underwater acoustic transducer B (7) are respectively connected with the power amplifier (8) and the signal generator (6), the other path of the underwater acoustic transducer B is respectively connected with the oscilloscope (5), and the trigger signal generated by the signal generator (6) is connected into the oscilloscope (5).
4. A vertical resolution calibration test method for a shallow stratum profiler by using a stratum profile standard sample is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a stratum profile standard sample according to the test requirements;
(2) detecting the surface flatness of each medium layer, and randomly selecting several positions around the stratum section standard sample to measure the thickness of the medium layer;
(3) placing the standard sample of the stratum profile into a test silencing pool;
(4) measuring medium sound velocities of a water-sand mixture sample (1) and a solid rock sample (2) in the same pool by using a sound velocity instant measuring system;
(5) and finishing the test sound field arrangement, and starting the vertical resolution calibration test of the shallow stratum profiler.
5. The vertical resolution calibration test method for shallow profilers using a stratigraphic profile standard sample according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (4), a signal generator (6) sends out a signal, the signal is amplified by a power amplifier (8), an underwater acoustic transducer A (4) and an underwater acoustic transducer B (7) which are connected with the signal generator are excited to send out sound waves, and then the underwater acoustic transducer A (4) and the underwater acoustic transducer B (7) which are connected with an oscilloscope receive the sound waves after a certain time delay; the time delay is the time required for the sound wave to propagate from the transmitting transducer to the receiving transducer, the time delay t is obtained by measuring the time difference between the arrival of the trigger signal and the sound wave signal on an oscilloscope, the sound velocity c of the medium can be calculated by knowing the propagation time and the propagation distance of the sound wave,
the calculation formula of the sound velocity is as follows:
6. the vertical resolution calibration test method for shallow profilers using a stratigraphic profile standard sample according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (5), the shallow stratum profiler to be calibrated is installed above the stratum profile standard sample during measurement, the thickness of each medium layer of the stratum profile standard sample is measured by using the shallow stratum profiler, and then the measurement result is compared with the actual thickness of each medium layer of the stratum profile standard sample to obtain the vertical resolution calibration result of the shallow stratum profiler.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4435977A (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1984-03-13 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for locating low resistivity pay sands using well logs |
| CN1734285A (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-15 | 株式会社电装 | Ultrasonic sensor |
| CN204286983U (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2015-04-22 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | A kind of Reservoir Sediment density detection system based on data fusion |
| CN106770640A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 淮海工学院 | With the matching used laboratory testing rig of sub-bottom profiler |
| CN106908520A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-30 | 山东科技大学 | Low-and high-frequency sediment parameter measurement instrument and sediment measurement method of parameters |
-
2020
- 2020-06-19 CN CN202010565085.3A patent/CN111913234A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4435977A (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1984-03-13 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for locating low resistivity pay sands using well logs |
| CN1734285A (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-15 | 株式会社电装 | Ultrasonic sensor |
| CN204286983U (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2015-04-22 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | A kind of Reservoir Sediment density detection system based on data fusion |
| CN106770640A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 淮海工学院 | With the matching used laboratory testing rig of sub-bottom profiler |
| CN106908520A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-30 | 山东科技大学 | Low-and high-frequency sediment parameter measurement instrument and sediment measurement method of parameters |
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