CN111913225B - Design method for deep well three-component magnetic measurement system - Google Patents
Design method for deep well three-component magnetic measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/26—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention relates to a design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system, which comprises the following steps: s1, generating a probe structure scheme of a downhole probe in the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system based on a physical environment of the depth detected by the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system, and generating a ground acquisition control system scheme of a ground acquisition control system of the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system; s2, generating a probe testing scheme of the underground probe based on the probe structure scheme; s3, generating a communication link scheme for establishing communication connection between the underground probe and the ground acquisition control system based on the probe structure scheme and the ground acquisition control system scheme. The scheme realizes the improvement of the accuracy of deep positioning and deduction explanation of deep ore body (3000-5000 m) investigation, and provides powerful support for searching deep and hidden mineral resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground surveying, in particular to a design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system.
Background
The deep well high-precision three-component magnetic measurement system is a set of well magnetic measurement instrument which is composed of three parts of a high-precision well three-component probe tube, a 5000m automatic winch, a winch controller and a ground data acquisition system. It is the most effective geophysical prospecting equipment for finding magnetite deposits. In particular to a deep ore body with the burial depth of more than 3000-5000m, which has no ability to explore by using a ground magnetic method. The existing three-component magnetometer in the well in China cannot meet the requirements of deep exploration over 3000-5000m in terms of measurement precision and measurement depth, and can only be used in middle and shallow parts (2000-3000 m) and the measurement precision is low. How to solve the problem of deep positioning of the mine deep and the hidden ore body and how to solve the problem of 'attack depth' of the three-component magnetometer geophysical prospecting instrument in the well.
In addition, the detection depth of the existing small-caliber three-component logging instrument can only reach 3000m at most, the measurement precision of the vertical component and the horizontal component is 80nT and 100nT respectively, and along with the increase of the detection depth, the structure and the detection precision of the existing small-caliber three-component logging instrument cannot adapt to higher temperature and pressure, so that the existing small-caliber three-component logging instrument cannot be used in deep well detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system, which solves the problem of poor detection capability in a deep well.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system, comprising:
s1, generating a probe structure scheme of a downhole probe in the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system based on a physical environment of the depth detected by the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system, and generating a ground acquisition control system scheme of a ground acquisition control system of the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system;
s2, generating a probe testing scheme of the underground probe based on the probe structure scheme;
s3, generating a communication link scheme for establishing communication connection between the underground probe and the ground acquisition control system based on the probe structure scheme and the ground acquisition control system scheme.
According to one aspect of the invention, the probe structure scheme is used for constructing the structural composition of the downhole probe, wherein the downhole probe comprises: the device comprises a shell, a three-component sensor module, a data measurement modulation transmission module, a power module and a control module, wherein the three-component sensor module is arranged in the shell, the data measurement modulation transmission module is connected with the three-component sensor module, and the power module is connected with the three-component sensor module and the data measurement modulation transmission module;
the measurement precision of the vertical component and the horizontal component of the three-component sensor module is respectively less than or equal to 50nT;
the shell is a cylindrical body with one end closed and one end open, and the open end of the cylindrical body is provided with a joint;
a plurality of sealing structures are arranged at the position where the opening end of the shell is connected with the joint;
the compressive strength of the shell is greater than or equal to 60MPa.
According to one aspect of the invention, the power module, the data measurement modulation transmission module and the three-component sensor module are sequentially arranged in the shell along the direction away from the opening end of the shell;
a non-magnetic vacuum heat preservation pipe used for wrapping the three-component sensor module and the data measurement modulation transmission module is also arranged in the shell;
the temperature rise of the temperature in the nonmagnetic vacuum heat preservation pipe in 4 hours is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
According to one aspect of the invention, the three-component sensor module comprises: the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer and the three-axis accelerometer are used for a control unit connected with the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer and the three-axis accelerometer and a transmission unit connected with the control unit;
the single component precision of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer in a static state is greater than or equal to 0.1nT.
The transmission unit, the control unit, the triaxial accelerometer and the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the shell.
According to one aspect of the invention, the three-component sensor module further comprises: a temperature sensor connected to the control unit;
the control unit collects the electric signals of the temperature sensor and is used for compensating and correcting the output signals of the transmission unit.
According to one aspect of the invention, the data measurement modulation transmission module is configured to receive an output signal of the transmission unit, convert the output signal into a binary signal, and output the binary signal;
the metal conductor and the component in the power module are sintered on the ceramic chip, and the metal conductor and the component are covered by the heat insulation layer;
the heat insulation layer is formed by filling organic silicon resin.
According to one aspect of the invention, the probe testing scheme comprises: a range test sub-scheme, a magnetic field noise test sub-scheme, a sensitivity test sub-scheme, and an orthogonality test sub-scheme; wherein,
in a range test sub-scheme, ferromagnetic substances are adopted, the ferromagnetic substances are respectively close to the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer from two opposite directions, and the reading after the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer is saturated is read to be used as the range of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer;
in the magnetic field noise testing sub-scheme, the underground probe is integrally placed in a shielding cylinder and is sealed, the underground probe is electrified and signals are collected, spectrum analysis is carried out on the collected signals, and the noise level of the underground probe is obtained;
in the sensitivity test sub-scheme, the underground probe is integrally arranged in a shielding cylinder and is sealed, a rotating magnet is close to the shielding cylinder until the frequency of a signal output by the underground probe is consistent with the rotating frequency of the magnet, the magnet is moved in the direction away from the shielding cylinder until the frequency gain amplitude of the signal output by the underground probe is submerged by noise of the magnet, and the sensitivity of the underground probe is acquired based on the frequency gain amplitude;
in the orthogonality test sub-scheme, the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer and the coaxial error of the three-axis accelerometer are obtained, and the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer and the orthogonality error of the three-axis accelerometer are obtained based on the coaxial error.
According to one aspect of the invention, in an orthogonality test sub-scheme, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established based on the downhole probe, one coordinate axis is selected to be the direction of a rotation axis, the downhole probe is rotated for one circle, the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms of readings are obtained, and the coaxiality error is obtained based on the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms; changing different coordinate axes to respectively obtain corresponding coaxiality errors;
the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms are expressed as:
M n ＝E*sin(θ+α)
M s ＝E*sin(θ-α)
wherein E represents the earth magnetic field, θ represents the local geomagnetic inclination angle, and α represents the deviation angle from the direction of the selected coordinate axis.
According to one aspect of the invention, in the communication link scheme, a 2FSK carrier single-core cable is adopted to transmit signals; wherein, a binary digital frequency modulation mode is adopted, and information contained in a signal is transmitted by using the frequency of a carrier wave.
According to one aspect of the invention, the ground acquisition control system scheme is used for constructing the structural composition of the ground acquisition control system, wherein the ground acquisition control system comprises a data acquisition and display device, a ground controller, a winch and a winch controller;
the winch comprises: the winch comprises a winch, a cable arranging device, a power source for driving the winch, a speed reducer arranged between the winch and the power source and a braking device for braking the winch; the power source adopts an alternating-current variable-frequency motor, the speed reducer adopts a planetary gear speed reducer, and the braking device adopts at least one of manual braking, electric self-locking braking and mechanical self-locking braking;
the winch controller is used for controlling the rotation direction, parking and running speed of the winch and displaying the cable release depth, the cable release speed, the cable tension, the power source current, the power source voltage and the power source frequency converter frequency;
the ground controller is used for providing a working power supply of the underground probe, controlling parameter setting, receiving signal data uploaded by the underground probe, displaying, storing and depth counting the signal data in real time and packaging the data.
According to the scheme of the invention, the accuracy of deep positioning and deduction explanation of deep ore body (3000-5000 m) investigation is improved, and powerful support is provided for searching deep and hidden mineral resources.
According to the scheme provided by the invention, the measurement precision is improved, and the measurement depth of the small-caliber magnetic three-component is greatly increased. In terms of measurement accuracy, a high-accuracy three-axis fluxgate sensor is adopted, the fluxgate accuracy can reach 0.1nT, and the sensor is subjected to temperature compensation, three-axis consistency correction, orthogonality correction, sensitivity test and other works by an experimental and computational method, so that the overall measurement accuracy of the three-component sensor is ensured to reach the measurement accuracy of vertical components and horizontal components which is less than or equal to 50nT. In terms of the measurement depth, the temperature and pressure index of the deep well needs to reach the temperature resistance of 150 ℃, the pressure resistance of 60MPa, and the requirements of high pressure resistance and high temperature resistance are met.
According to the scheme of the invention, aiming at the high-temperature requirement of 3000-5000m depth, components used by the sensor are high-temperature resistant products, the sensor can stably work in a high-temperature environment, and meanwhile, the temperature drift and the calibration factor system of the sensor are corrected by the microprocessor, so that the sensor has good output stability in a full-temperature environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating the steps of a design method according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a downhole probe according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a structural view schematically showing a sealing structure of an open end of a housing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a three-component sensor module according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a connection structure diagram schematically showing a data measurement modulation transmission module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram schematically showing a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating a three-dimensional coordinate system established in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 8 and 9 are waveforms schematically illustrating 2FSK signals according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a three-component magnetic measurement system according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a panel diagram schematically illustrating a winch controller according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a panel diagram schematically showing a floor controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in terms of orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and do not denote or imply that the devices or elements in question must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, so that the above terms are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, which are not described in detail herein, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system of the present invention includes:
s1, generating a probe structure scheme of a downhole probe in a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system and a ground acquisition control system scheme of a ground acquisition control system of the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system based on a physical environment of a depth detected by the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system;
s2, generating a probe testing scheme of the underground probe based on the probe structure scheme;
s3, generating a communication link scheme for establishing communication connection between the underground probe and the ground acquisition control system based on the probe structure scheme and the ground acquisition control system scheme.
As shown in fig. 2, a probe structure scheme is used to construct the structural composition of a downhole probe, according to one embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, a downhole probe comprises: a housing 11, a three-component sensor module 12 provided in the housing 11, a data measurement modulation transmission module 13 connected to the three-component sensor module 12, and a power supply module 14 connected to the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13. In the present embodiment, a nonmagnetic vacuum insulating pipe 111 for wrapping the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 is provided in the housing 11. The underground probe pipe is used for working at a depth of 3000m to 5000m, and under the influence of factors such as slurry, high temperature and the like at the position of the underground probe pipe, the stable structure mildness and the stable working internal environment of internal components can be still ensured, so that the stability and the service life of the whole underground probe pipe in the deep work are guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the housing 11 is a cylindrical body having one end closed and one end opened, and the open end thereof is provided with a joint 15. In the present embodiment, since the down-hole probe of the present invention is used for operation at a depth of 3000m to 5000m, the compressive strength of the housing 11 is further 60Mpa or more. Through the arrangement, the compressive strength of the shell of the underground probe is more than or equal to 60Mpa, so that the underground probe is stable in structure under the condition that the underground probe can still bear larger extrusion force in a deep well, and is beneficial to effectively protecting the integrity and stability of the internal structure, and further the working stability and the service life of the whole device are ensured.
In the present embodiment, the housing 11 is made of a nonmagnetic titanium alloy pipe having an outer diameter of 60mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm. By adopting the titanium alloy pipe as the shell, the shell not only has the advantages of portability and high pressure resistance, but also can reach more than 80MPa when the compressive strength of the shell is several times of that of common materials. The shell made of the titanium alloy pipe is light in weight and high in strength, and is very beneficial to ensuring recovery of the deep well working environment, especially under the condition that the environment is provided with influencing factors such as slurry and the like.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3 in combination, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of sealing structures are arranged at positions where the open ends of the housing 11 are connected to the joint. In the present embodiment, the joint 15 is a nipple joint. Two sealing structures are arranged at the connecting position of the nylon joint and the opening end of the shell 11, so that the high pressure resistant effect of the whole underground probe is ensured. In this embodiment, in order to ensure the pressure resistance and the well safety of the downhole probe, the pressure test of the hollow high-pressure test well is performed before the measurement electronic circuit is installed after the downhole probe is assembled, and the pressure is maintained for four hours in an environment with the pressure of 60Mpa, so that the whole shell is ensured to be not deformed and not to be permeated under the high-pressure state.
As shown in fig. 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a power module 14, a data measurement modulation transmission module 13, and a three-component sensor module 12 are disposed in this order in a direction away from an open end of the housing 11 within the housing 11. Through the arrangement, the three-component sensor module 12 is closer to the end part of the shell 11 and is far away from the power module 14, so that accurate and sensitive measurement of the three-component sensor module 12 to the external environment is effectively ensured, and the influence of the power module 14 on the measurement accuracy is effectively avoided.
As shown in fig. 4, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the three-component sensor module 12 includes: a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121, a three-axis accelerometer 122, a control unit 123 for connecting the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121 and the three-axis accelerometer 122, and a transmission unit 124 for connecting the control unit 123. In the present embodiment, the transmission unit 124 employs eight channels AD; in the present embodiment, the axial transmission unit 124, the control unit 123, the three-axis accelerometer 122, and the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121 are disposed in this order along the housing 11.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the measurement accuracy of the vertical and horizontal components of the three-component sensor module 12 is less than or equal to 50nT, respectively. In this embodiment, the single component accuracy of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 12 in the stationary state is greater than or equal to 0.1nT. In this embodiment, the three-component sensor module 12 is the core of the whole downhole probe, and the three-axis accelerometer 122 is sensitive to the change of the azimuth angle through the change of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121, so as to fuse the measurement results of the two, thereby realizing high-precision real-time output of the azimuth angle of +/-1 degrees and the attitude angle of +/-0.1 degrees. By the arrangement, the component precision of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 12 is set in the range, so that the high-speed measurement of the underground probe in deep well operation is realized, and the measurement precision of the underground probe plays a key role in improving.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the three-component sensor module 12 further comprises: a temperature sensor connected to the control unit 123. In the present embodiment, the control unit 123 collects an electric signal of the temperature sensor and performs compensation correction on the output signal of the transmission unit 124. In the present embodiment, the output signal of the three-component sensor module 12 is subjected to temperature real-time compensation correction by the experimental test method. Specifically, the temperature sensor is directly arranged on the circuit board, the circuit zero drift caused by temperature change is superposed on the output useful signal, and then the circuit board zero drift is acquired before the signal is acquired, and the specific value of the drift is obtained through a test. The specific method comprises the steps of putting a single circuit board to be debugged (namely, a circuit board of an unheated temperature sensor) into a temperature-adjustable control box, adding a standard reference signal, detecting an output signal of the single circuit board, obtaining the change of the output signal along with the continuous change of temperature, and recording the output changes corresponding to different temperatures to obtain a temperature drift data table. Furthermore, after the instrument works and collects signals, the temperature sensor and the temperature drift data table are installed, the corresponding data in the signals are subtracted by the numerical value in the line temperature drift data table, and the influence caused by temperature can be eliminated.
According to the invention, by collecting the line zero drift and generating the zero drift data table, after the temperature sensor is installed on the circuit board, the drift value which should be eliminated at the current temperature can be obtained according to the value obtained by the sensor, the acquisition process is more convenient and rapid than the calculation by a formula or interpolation calculation, the compensation precision is highest, and the working efficiency of the CPU in the processing process can be greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 2, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature rise of the temperature in the nonmagnetic vacuum insulation tube is less than or equal to 60 ℃ in 4 hours. In the embodiment, in order to meet the working requirement of the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 under the well depth of 3000-5000m and at the high temperature of 150 degrees, a vacuum thermos bottle structure design is adopted. Namely, a layer of nonmagnetic vacuum heat preservation pipe is added in the shell 11. When the external temperature is 150 ℃, the temperature rise in the thermos flask is less than or equal to 60 ℃ in 4 hours, and the maximum temperature in the thermos flask reaches 85 ℃ in 4 hours according to the room temperature of 25 ℃. In the embodiment, the temperature resistance of the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 in the probe tube is designed to be 125 ℃, and the temperature resistance of the power module 14 is designed to be 150 ℃, so that the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 are arranged in the non-magnetic vacuum heat-preserving tube, the requirement of high temperature resistance can be met, and the high temperature resistance requirement of 3000-5000m well depth can be realized.
As shown in fig. 5, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 is configured to receive the output signal of the transmission unit 124, convert the output signal into a binary signal, and output the binary signal. In this embodiment, after the data measurement, modulation and transmission module 13 receives the signal from the three-component sensor module 12, the received signal is simply processed into a binary format, and then modulated into carrier signals with different frequencies, and the carrier signals are transmitted to the ground controller through a 3000-5000m cable, and then processed and demodulated into a binary code by the ground controller.
As shown in fig. 6, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the power module 14 is mainly composed of a DC-DC conversion module, and has the main function of completing DC-DC voltage stabilization, and supplying power to the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 in the downhole probe. The highest input voltage of the front end of the power supply module 14 reaches 80-140V, the dynamic range of power supply input is large, the power supply module 14 outputs +24V, and then +24V is used for obtaining working power supplies of +/-5V, +/-12V and 3.3V of components in the underground probe. In order to meet the high temperature resistant requirement of 3000-5000m well depth, the power module 14 works at the high temperature of 150 ℃ for 4 hours, and all circuit chips of the power module 14 adopt high temperature resistant inlet chips. In this embodiment, the circuit of the power module 14 adopts a thick film process, the metal conductor and the component are sintered on the ceramic sheet at high temperature, and the organic silicon resin is used for filling the heat insulation to form a heat insulation layer, so that stable output of the circuit under high-temperature and strong vibration environment is realized.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the probe testing scheme comprises: a range test sub-scheme, a magnetic field noise test sub-scheme, a sensitivity test sub-scheme, and an orthogonality test sub-scheme; wherein,
in the measuring range test sub-scheme, ferromagnetic substances are adopted, and the ferromagnetic substances are respectively close to the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121 from two opposite directions, and the reading after the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121 is saturated is read to be used as the measuring range of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121;
in the magnetic field noise testing sub-scheme, the underground probe tube is integrally placed in the shielding cylinder, is placed at a fixed position, is covered by the cylinder cover, and is led out of the wire outlet hole to form a power wire and a data wire. And powering on the equipment, reading equipment data by adopting MATLAB, acquiring signals of the underground probe, and processing the acquired signals, wherein the signals comprise three-axis fluxgate data of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121, three-axis acceleration data of the three-axis accelerometer 122 and attitude angle data. Performing spectrum analysis on the triaxial fluxgate data, and printing a spectrogram, so that the noise level of the fluxgate of the underground probe can be measured; it should be noted that the number of layers of the shielding cylinder, the cylinder cover, the magnetic field environment of the measurement site, the floor, etc. may affect the shielding effect of the shielding cylinder, and therefore, an appropriate selection adjustment is required before the test.
In the sensitivity testing sub-scheme, the underground probe tube is integrally placed in the shielding cylinder, placed at a fixed position, covered with the cylinder cover, and a power line and a data line are led out from the wire outlet hole, and the equipment is powered on. A small stepping motor is used, a magnet is fixed on the rotating shaft of the motor, and the motor is electrified to rotate (the rotating speed is generally recommended to be about 10Hz, if the equipment has special requirements, the rotating speed can be increased, but the rotating speed cannot be higher than half of the data output rate of the underground probe). The rotating magnet is close to the shielding cylinder, so that a frequency spectrum diagram of the magnetic flux gate has a very obvious specific frequency signal, and the frequency of the specific frequency signal is consistent with the rotating frequency of the motor. When the motor rotation frequency is changed, the spectrogram changes accordingly.
The motor is gradually far away from the shielding cylinder, so that the amplitude of the frequency gain on the spectrogram can be gradually reduced until the amplitude is submerged by the noise of the downhole probe. The minimum identifiable frequency gain amplitude (namely signal amplitude) is the sensitivity of the fluxgate, and the environmental magnetic interference should be as small as possible during the test, so that the optimal sensitivity is convenient to observe;
in the orthogonality test sub-scheme, coaxial errors of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121 and the three-axis accelerometer 122 are obtained, and the orthogonality errors of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121 and the three-axis accelerometer 122 are obtained based on the coaxial errors. In this embodiment, the orthogonality of the fluxgates is achieved. The two-by-two quadrature errors of three fluxgates are shown. Because the coaxial of the fluxgate and the acceleration is pre-calibrated in advance, the coaxial error of the triaxial fluxgate and the triaxial acceleration is tested, and the orthogonal error of the triaxial fluxgate can be represented.
As shown in fig. 7, in an orthogonality test sub-scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established based on a downhole probe, one of the coordinate axes is selected to be rotated by one rotation of the downhole probe about a rotation axis, a maximum value Mn and a minimum value Ms of readings are obtained, and a coaxiality error is obtained based on the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms; changing different coordinate axes to respectively obtain corresponding coaxiality errors;
the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms are expressed as:
M n ＝E*sin(θ+α)
M s ＝E*sin(θ-α)
wherein E represents the selected coordinate axis, θ represents the local geomagnetic inclination angle, and α represents the deviation angle with the direction of the selected coordinate axis.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, N, S in the present embodiment represents north and south directions of the horizontal plane, V represents the vertical direction, E represents the earth magnetic field, and θ is the local geomagnetic inclination angle. In theory the vertical direction of the fluxgate should coincide with V, then when this axis rotates one revolution around the V direction, its reading will always be unchanged (E sin (θ)). However, in practice, the axis of the fluxgate and the V direction will have a deviation angle α, and thus the readings will change periodically when the fluxgate rotates one revolution around the V direction. According to the geomagnetic field model, a maximum value Mn and a minimum value Ms will be generated in the north and south directions of the axis rotation of the fluxgate. According to the above formula, the measured Mn and Ms can calculate the orthogonal offset angle, and the offset angles of the other two axes are measured in the same way, and are not described here.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the scheme of the communication link, a 2FSK carrier single-core cable is adopted to transmit signals; wherein, a binary digital frequency modulation mode is adopted, and information contained in a signal is transmitted by using the frequency of a carrier wave. In this embodiment, the signal data processed by the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 is transmitted by using a 2FSK carrier single-core cable, so as to save cable resources. The digital information is transmitted with the frequency of the carrier wave by binary digital frequency modulation (binary frequency shift keying) of 2FSK (Frequency Shift Keying), i.e. the frequency of the carrier wave is controlled with the transmitted digital information. Referring to fig. 8 and 9, in the 2FSK signal, the symbol "0" corresponds to the carrier frequency f1, and the symbol "1" corresponds to the modulated waveform of the carrier frequency f2 (another carrier frequency different from f 1), and the change between f1 and f2 is instantaneous. When transmitting a 0 signal, transmitting a carrier wave with the frequency f 1; when transmitting a "1" signal, a carrier wave with a frequency f2 is transmitted. At the receiving end, the obtained signal is subjected to band-pass filtering and then noise and interference except the carrier frequency are filtered, so that the signal can completely pass through, then an envelope curve at the positive end is output through a full-wave rectifier, then a baseband envelope signal is output through a low-pass filter or a rectifying module, and then a baseband binary signal is output through a sampling decision device, so that demodulation of the carrier signal is completed. The 2FSK transmission mode has the characteristics of long transmission distance and strong anti-interference capability, and the transmission rate is 192000bps.
As shown in fig. 10, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the ground acquisition control system scheme is used to construct a structural composition of the ground acquisition control system, wherein the ground acquisition control system includes a data acquisition and display device, a ground controller, a winch, and a winch controller. In this embodiment, the winch includes: the winch comprises a winch, a cable arranging device, a power source for driving the winch, a speed reducer arranged between the winch and the power source and a brake device for braking the winch disc; wherein, the power source adopts an alternating current variable frequency motor.
In this embodiment, the decelerator is used to reduce the output speed of the power source, and at the same time, the moment of the rotation shaft can be increased, thereby improving the lifting force of the winch. In the embodiment, the speed reducer adopts a planetary gear speed reducer with small tooth difference, and consists of an output shaft, a planetary gear, an internal gear, a cylindrical pin shaft, a pin shaft sleeve and an eccentric sleeve. In this embodiment, friction is reduced in order to ensure balance performance and stress uniformity of the planetary gear. Two planetary gears with 180 degrees are adopted, and a plurality of cylindrical pin holes are uniformly formed on the two planetary gears along the circumference. At the same time, a plurality of cylindrical pins are correspondingly and uniformly arranged on the disc of the output shaft, and the cylindrical pins are correspondingly inserted into pin holes on the planet gears. The cylindrical pin is provided with a movable pin shaft sleeve so as to reduce friction loss. The speed reducer has the advantages of simple and compact structure, small volume, large speed ratio and low processing cost.
In this embodiment, the cable winding device can automatically wind the cable on the winch in order, and comprises a feed screw, a cable winding wheel, a guide key, a transmission gear (chain) wheel, a winch, an encoder and the like. The winch and the reciprocating rod are respectively provided with a chain wheel which are connected through a chain. The winding displacement wheel can move left and right on the feed screw through the guide key. When the cable is wound on the winch, the winding displacement wheel moves the distance of the cable wire diameter on the feeding and rewinding screw every round. When the cable is wound to the side of the winch, the cable automatically winds to the other side of the winch through the automatic reversing function of the reciprocating screw rod and the guide key. The depth encoder is mounted on the reel so that the depth of the cable can be detected (by counting the number of pulses of the encoder) and the speed of the cable down-hole calculated.
In this embodiment, the winch controller is used to control the winch rotation direction, stopping and running speed, while displaying depth, speed, current, voltage, frequency of the frequency converter, tension, see fig. 11.
In this embodiment, the braking device is at least one of an electric self-locking brake, a mechanical self-locking brake and a manual brake.
Referring to fig. 10 and 12, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the main functions of the surface controller include providing a working power supply of the downhole probe, setting control parameters (commands), receiving measurement data uploaded by the downhole probe, displaying, storing, counting depth of the data in real time, packaging current data and current depth, and the like. Meanwhile, the requirements of 3000-5000m logging are met, and the device is small, light, portable and convenient to carry and operate; positive and negative correction function of well depth; the code disc is suitable for different pulse numbers; an independent self-test signal generation unit; USB type communication interface, etc. In this embodiment, the functions of various interfaces, switches and keys designed on the control panel (see fig. 10) of the ground controller include an AC220V power connection port, a winch depth signal access port, a downhole signal line connection port, a communication port of a data acquisition and display device (industrial personal computer), and input and output devices such as a keyboard, a display, a USB and the like.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the ground controller hardware design principle has the following characteristics:
A. the system adopts a large number of integrated circuit interface chips and the functional module is designed independently. The reliability of the field instrument is improved;
B. considering the working environment and conditions of a field instrument, a waterproof, dustproof and dampproof film panel and an ABS chassis with better sealing performance are adopted as an instrument working panel;
C. the wide voltage input range (220V plus or minus 20%) is designed, so that the instrument has larger adaptability;
D. the software is adopted to automatically compensate and correct the depth error, so that the reliability of system hardware is improved.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of embodiments of the invention and, as regards devices and arrangements not explicitly described in this disclosure, it should be understood that this can be done by general purpose devices and methods known in the art.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a probe structure scheme of a downhole probe in the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system based on a physical environment of the depth detected by the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system, and generating a ground acquisition control system scheme of a ground acquisition control system of the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system;
s2, generating a probe testing scheme of the underground probe based on the probe structure scheme;
s3, generating a communication link scheme for establishing communication connection between the underground probe and the ground acquisition control system based on the probe structure scheme and the ground acquisition control system scheme;
the probe structure scheme is used for constructing the structure composition of the underground probe, wherein the underground probe comprises: a housing (11), a three-component sensor module (12) arranged in the housing (11), a data measurement modulation transmission module (13) connected with the three-component sensor module (12), and a power supply module (14) connected with the three-component sensor module (12) and the data measurement modulation transmission module (13); a non-magnetic vacuum insulation pipe used for wrapping the three-component sensor module (12) and the data measurement modulation transmission module (13) is also arranged in the shell (11); the three-component sensor module (12) comprises: a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121), a three-axis accelerometer (122), a control unit (123) connected with the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121) and the three-axis accelerometer (122), and a transmission unit (124) connected with the control unit (123);
the shell (11) is a cylindrical body with one end closed and one end open, and the open end of the cylindrical body is provided with a joint;
the measurement precision of the vertical component and the horizontal component of the three-component sensor module (12) is respectively less than or equal to 50nT; a plurality of sealing structures are arranged at the position where the opening end of the shell (11) is connected with the joint; the compressive strength of the shell (11) is greater than or equal to 60MPa;
the single-component precision of the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer (121) in a static state is greater than or equal to 0.1nT;
the three-component sensor module (12) further comprises: a temperature sensor connected to the control unit (123); the control unit (123) collects the electric signal of the temperature sensor and is used for compensating and correcting the output signal of the transmission unit (124); the temperature sensor is arranged on the circuit board, the circuit zero drift caused by temperature change is superposed on the output useful signal, and the circuit board zero drift is collected before the signal is collected; acquiring line zero drift and generating a zero drift data table, and obtaining a drift value to be eliminated at the current temperature according to a value obtained by a temperature sensor after the temperature sensor is installed on a circuit board;
the metal conductors and components in the power supply module (14) are sintered on the ceramic plate, and the metal conductors and the components are covered by the heat insulation layer;
the probe tube test scheme comprises the following steps: a range test sub-scheme, a magnetic field noise test sub-scheme, a sensitivity test sub-scheme, and an orthogonality test sub-scheme; wherein,
in a range test sub-scheme, ferromagnetic substances are adopted, and are respectively close to the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121) from two opposite directions, and the reading after the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121) is saturated is read to be used as the range of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121);
in the magnetic field noise testing sub-scheme, the underground probe is integrally placed in a shielding cylinder and is sealed, the underground probe is electrified and signals are collected, spectrum analysis is carried out on the collected signals, and the noise level of the underground probe is obtained;
in the sensitivity test sub-scheme, the underground probe is integrally arranged in a shielding cylinder and is sealed, a rotating magnet is close to the shielding cylinder until the frequency of a signal output by the underground probe is consistent with the rotating frequency of the magnet, the magnet is moved in the direction away from the shielding cylinder until the frequency gain amplitude of the signal output by the underground probe is submerged by noise of the magnet, and the sensitivity of the underground probe is acquired based on the frequency gain amplitude;
in an orthogonality test sub-scheme, acquiring a coaxial error of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121), the three-axis accelerometer (122), acquiring a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121) based on the coaxial error, and the orthogonality error of the three-axis accelerometer (122);
in the orthogonality test sub-scheme, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established based on the underground probe, one coordinate axis is selected to be the rotation axis, the underground probe is rotated for one circle, the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms of the readings are obtained, and the coaxiality error is obtained based on the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms; changing different coordinate axes to respectively obtain corresponding coaxiality errors;
the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms are expressed as:
M n ＝E*sin(θ+α)
M s ＝E*sin(θ-α)
wherein E represents the earth magnetic field, θ represents the local geomagnetic inclination angle, and α represents the deviation angle with the direction of the selected coordinate axis;
the ground acquisition control system comprises a data acquisition and display device, a ground controller, a winch and a winch controller;
the winch comprises: the winch comprises a winch, a cable arranging device, a power source for driving the winch, a speed reducer arranged between the winch and the power source and a braking device for braking the winch; the power source adopts an alternating-current variable-frequency motor, the speed reducer adopts a planetary gear speed reducer, and the braking device adopts at least one of manual braking, electric self-locking braking and mechanical self-locking braking.
2. The design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the power module (14), the data measurement modulation transmission module (13), and the three-component sensor module (12) are sequentially disposed in the housing (11) in a direction away from an open end of the housing (11);
the temperature rise of the temperature in the nonmagnetic vacuum heat preservation pipe in 4 hours is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
3. The design method for a deep well three-component magnetometer system according to claim 2, characterized in that the transmission unit (124), the control unit (123), the triaxial accelerometer (122) and the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer (121) are arranged in order along the axial direction of the housing (11).
4. A design method for deep well three-component magnetic measurement system according to claim 3, characterized in that the data measurement modulation transmission module (13) is configured to receive the output signal of the transmission unit (124), and convert the output signal into a binary signal and output;
the heat insulation layer is formed by filling organic silicon resin.
5. The design method for deep well three-component magnetic measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the communication link scheme, a 2FSK carrier single-core cable is used to transmit signals; wherein, a binary digital frequency modulation mode is adopted, and information contained in a signal is transmitted by using the frequency of a carrier wave.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the ground acquisition control system scheme is used to construct the structural composition of the ground acquisition control system,
the winch controller is used for controlling the rotation direction, parking and running speed of the winch and displaying the cable release depth, the cable release speed, the cable tension, the power source current, the power source voltage and the power source frequency converter frequency;
the ground controller is used for providing a working power supply of the underground probe, controlling parameter setting, receiving signal data uploaded by the underground probe, displaying, storing and depth counting the signal data in real time and packaging the data.
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