CN111912889B - 一种基于电化学法检测氰化氢气体的传感器 - Google Patents
一种基于电化学法检测氰化氢气体的传感器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于电化学法检测氰化氢气体的传感器，其包括反应室、工作电极、对电极、曝气管、进气管，工作电极、对电极相对设置在反应室内，反应室顶部开有排气口，曝气管下端设置在反应室底部，另一端与气源连接，进气管下端设置在反应室下部，上端进气口设置在反应室外，反应室中放置有电解液，工作电极、对电极分别通过阳极接线头、阴极接线头与电源连接；本发明传感器能快速、精确的检测气体中氰化氢的含量，可应用在工业废气污染的检测以及居住生活环境中有毒气体警报。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于传感器技术领域，具体涉及一种基于电化学法检测氰化氢气体的传感器。
背景技术
氰化氢是一种众所周知的剧毒气体，对人类身体健康和环境安全都是一种潜在的威胁。人体吸入后会抑制呼吸酶，造成细胞内窒息，同时正常皮肤也能缓慢吸收氰化氢，对人的致死量为1mg/kg；同时在工业废气中也是一种典型的污染物之一，其具有腐蚀性和强毒性，引起管道和设备的腐蚀。
在这样的背景下，氰化氢实时检测显得十分必要；目前检测氰化氢的方法有光学吸收法、质谱法、石英晶体微天平法等，以上方法虽然都测的比较准确但都有各自的缺点，例如设备巨大无法携带、检出时间长等。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足，本发明提供了一种基于电化学法检测氰化氢气体的传感器，其包括反应室、工作电极、对电极、曝气管、进气管，工作电极、对电极相对设置在反应室内，反应室顶部开有排气口，曝气管下端设置在反应室底部，另一端与气源连接，进气管下端设置在反应室下部，上端进气口设置在反应室外，反应室中放置有电解液，工作电极、对电极分别通过阳极接线头、阴极接线头与电源连接。
所述工作电极为厚度3~5mm的泡沫铜片状电极，其由如下方法制备得到：
1）将浓度1~3mol/L的钯离子溶液和浓度1~3mol/L钴离子溶液按体积比1:1~2:1的比例混合，搅拌形成均一溶液；
2）将泡沫铜放入步骤1）溶液中进行电沉积，外加恒电位为-2~-1V，沉积10~20min后，用去离子水清洗泡沫铜，然后置于70~80℃下真空干燥6~8h制得；
其中所述钯离子溶液为含氯化钯、硝酸钯、硫酸钯中的一种或几种的液体；所述钴离子溶液为含氯化钴、硝酸钴、硫酸钴中的一种或几种的液体。
所述对电极为石墨电极、铂电极、金电极中的一种惰性电极。
所述工作电极、对电极间的外加电压为0.5~2V，间距为5~10cm。
上述装置通入曝气管的气体为氧气与氮气的混合气体，氧气的体积含量为5~7.4%，曝气流量为130~200mL/min。
所述电解液为浓度0.5~1mol/L的硫酸钠、硫酸钾中的一种或两种，并投加100g/L的铁碳，铁:碳质量比为1:1~1.5:1，电解液pH为2~5。
被测气体在通入反应室中的电解液后，氰化氢溶于电解液并在工作电极与铁碳的催化氧化下被氧化成CO2、NH3、N2，及少量NO3 -，同时在外加电压下电路中会产生电流，此电流的大小与液相中氰化氢的浓度成正比，通过建立电流强度与氰化氢实际浓度的准确关系，就能得到被测气体中氰化氢的浓度。
本发明的优点和技术效果：
1、检测过程安全，检测后排出的尾气无毒性；
2、本发明传感器能快速、精确的检测气体中氰化氢的含量；可应用在工业废气污染的检测以及居住生活环境中有毒气体警报。
附图说明
图1为本发明传感器的结构示意图；
图2为实施例1的电流强度与氰化氢浓度的关系曲线示意图；
图3为实施例2的电流强度与氰化氢浓度的关系曲线示意图；
图中：1-反应室；2-工作电极；3-对电极；4-曝气管；5-进气管；6-阴极接线头；7-阳极接线头；8-排气口；9-电解液。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明，但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1：本基于电化学法检测氰化氢气体的传感器包括反应室1、工作电极2、对电极3、曝气管4、进气管5，工作电极2、对电极3相对设置在反应室1内，反应室1顶部开有排气口8，曝气管4下端设置在反应室1底部，另一端与气源连接，进气管5下端设置在反应室1下部，上端进气口设置在反应室1外，反应室中放置有电解液9，工作电极2、对电极3分别通过阳极接线头7、阴极接线头6与电源连接；
所述工作电极2为厚度4mm的泡沫铜片状电极，其由如下方法制备得到：
1）将浓度2mol/L的硫酸钯溶液和浓度1mol/L硫酸钴溶液按体积比1.2:1的比例混合，搅拌形成均一溶液；
2）将4mm厚的泡沫铜放入步骤1）溶液中进行电沉积，外加恒电位为-1.5V，沉积15min后，用去离子水清洗泡沫铜，然后置于70℃下真空干燥7h制得；
选用铂网作为对电极，将工作电极与对电极的间距调整为5cm，往曝气管4中通入氧气与氮气的混合气体，氧气的体积含量为6%，流量为150mL/min；在传感器的反应室1内加入0.5mol/L的硫酸钠溶液，使用硫酸将pH调至3，投入铁碳质量比为1.5:1的铁碳（100g/L）；
分别从进气管5上端通入浓度为50、100、200、300、500ppm浓度的氰化氢气体，每个浓度气体通入10min后，外加1V的电压进行检测，获得建立电流强度与氰化氢浓度的关系曲线如图2所示，关系方程为：
，其中y为检测气体浓度，单位为ppm；x为检测到的电流大小，单位为A。
通入待测含氰化氢气体，测得的稳定电流为0.0433A，代入上述方程得出被测气体中氰化氢浓度为233ppm。
实施例2：本实施例装置结构同实施例1，不同在于：工作电极2为厚度3mm的泡沫铜片状电极，其由如下方法制备得到：
1）将浓度1mol/L的钯离子溶液（含氯化钯、硝酸钯，质量比1:1）和浓度3mol/L硝酸钴溶液按体积比1:1的比例混合，搅拌形成均一溶液；
2）将3mm厚的泡沫铜放入步骤1）溶液中进行电沉积，外加恒电位为-1.2V，沉积20min后，用去离子水清洗泡沫铜，然后置于80℃下真空干燥6h制得；
选用石墨电极作为对电极，将工作电极与对电极的间距调整为10cm，往曝气管4中通入氧气与氮气的混合气体，氧气的体积含量为5%，流量为170mL/min；在传感器的反应室1内加入1mol/L的硫酸钠与硫酸钾的混合溶液（硫酸钠与硫酸钾质量比1:1），使用硫酸将pH调至2，投入铁碳质量比为1.5:1的铁碳（100g/L）；
分别从进气管5上端通入浓度为50、100、200、300、500ppm浓度的氰化氢气体，每个浓度气体通入10min后，外加2V的电压进行检测，获得建立电流强度与氰化氢浓度的关系曲线如图3所示，关系方程为：
，其中y为检测气体浓度，单位为ppm；x为检测到的电流大小，单位为A；
通入待测含氰化氢气体，测得的稳定电流为0.0361A，代入上述方程得出被测气体中氰化氢浓度为126ppm。
Claims (3)
1.一种基于电化学法检测氰化氢气体的传感器，其特征在于：包括反应室（1）、工作电极（2）、对电极（3）、曝气管（4）、进气管（5），工作电极（2）、对电极（3）相对设置在反应室（1）内，反应室（1）顶部开有排气口（8），曝气管（4）下端设置在反应室（1）底部，另一端与气源连接，进气管（5）下端设置在反应室（1）下部，上端进气口设置在反应室（1）外，反应室中放置有电解液（9），工作电极（2）、对电极（3）分别通过阳极接线头（7）、阴极接线头（6）与电源连接；
所述工作电极（2）为厚度3~5mm的泡沫铜片状电极，其由如下方法制备得到：
1）将浓度1~3mol/L的钯离子溶液和浓度1~3mol/L钴离子溶液按体积比1:1~2:1的比例混合，搅拌形成均一溶液；
2）将泡沫铜放入步骤1）溶液中进行电沉积，外加恒电位为-2~-1V，沉积10~20min后，用去离子水清洗泡沫铜，然后置于70~80℃下真空干燥6~8h制得；
所述钯离子溶液为含氯化钯、硝酸钯、硫酸钯中的一种或几种的液体；
所述钴离子溶液为含氯化钴、硝酸钴、硫酸钴中的一种或几种的液体；
通入曝气管的气体为氧气与氮气的混合气体，氧气的体积含量为5~7.4%，曝气流量为130~200mL/min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于电化学法检测氰化氢气体的传感器，其特征在于：工作电极（2）、对电极（3）间的外加电压为0.5~2V，间距为5~10cm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于电化学法检测氰化氢气体的传感器，其特征在于：电解液为浓度0.5~1mol/L的硫酸钠、硫酸钾中的一种或两种，并投加100g/L的铁碳，铁:碳质量比为1:1~1.5:1，电解液pH为2~5。
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