CN111912757B - Shale parameter measuring device - Google Patents
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- CN111912757B CN111912757B CN201910390267.9A CN201910390267A CN111912757B CN 111912757 B CN111912757 B CN 111912757B CN 201910390267 A CN201910390267 A CN 201910390267A CN 111912757 B CN111912757 B CN 111912757B
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012412 chemical coupling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shale parameter measuring device, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development. The device comprises: the core holder is positioned in the constant temperature box, an upstream fluid storage tank respectively connected with the upstream pump and the core holder, a test fluid storage tank respectively connected with the upstream pump and the core holder, a downstream fluid storage tank respectively connected with the downstream pump and the core holder, a confining pressure pump communicated with a confining pressure cavity in the core holder, a confining pressure storage tank communicated with a confining pressure cavity in the core holder and an axial pressure pump communicated with an axial pressure cavity in the core holder. The core holder comprises an outer cylinder, an upper plug and a lower plug which are connected with the outer cylinder, an upper fluid pipe connected with the upper plug, a lower fluid pipe connected with the lower plug and a rubber cylinder axially arranged between the upper plug and the lower plug. The device provided by the invention can be used for mutually independent liquid circulation at the upstream end and the downstream end of the shale rock core, and improves the accuracy of shale parameter measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to a shale parameter measuring device.
Background
With the development of oil and gas fields becoming deeper, exploitation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs is increasing, and shale reservoirs are becoming one of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and have received attention in recent years. Among them, the stability of the wall of the shale reservoir is a major factor affecting the exploitation speed and exploitation cost of the shale reservoir, and therefore, the stability of the wall of the shale reservoir needs to be evaluated.
At present, the related technology mainly takes the permeability and the membrane efficiency of shale as evaluation indexes to evaluate the stability of the well wall of a shale reservoir. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a shale parameter measuring device for accurately measuring the permeability and the membrane efficiency of shale.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a shale parameter measuring device for accurately measuring the permeability and the membrane efficiency of shale. The technical scheme is as follows:
there is provided a shale parameter measuring apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a core holder, an incubator, an upstream fluid storage tank, a test liquid storage tank, an upstream pump, a downstream fluid storage tank, a downstream pump, a confining pressure storage tank and a shaft pressure pump;
the core holder is positioned in the incubator, the inlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank, the inlet end of the test liquid storage tank and the outlet end of the upstream pump are connected through an inlet three-way valve, the outlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank, the outlet end of the test liquid storage tank and the upper inlet end of the core holder are connected through an outlet three-way valve, an upstream pressure transmitter is arranged between the outlet three-way valve and the upper inlet end of the core holder, and the upper outlet end of the core holder is communicated with the outside of the incubator; the inlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank is connected with the outlet end of the downstream pump, the outlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank is connected with the lower inlet end of the core holder, a downstream pressure transmitter is arranged between the downstream fluid storage tank and the lower inlet end of the core holder, and the lower outlet end of the core holder is communicated with the outside of the incubator;
the confining pressure pump and the confining pressure storage tank are communicated with a confining pressure cavity in the core holder, and a confining pressure transmitter is arranged between the confining pressure pump and the confining pressure cavity; the outlet end of the axial pressure pump is communicated with an axial pressure cavity in the core holder, and an axial pressure transmitter is arranged between the axial pressure pump and the axial pressure cavity;
the core holder comprises an outer barrel, a lower plug, a lower fluid pipe, an upper plug, an upper fluid pipe and a rubber barrel;
the lower plug and the upper plug are connected with the outer cylinder, the lower fluid pipe is connected with the lower plug, the upper fluid pipe is connected with the upper plug, and the rubber cylinder is axially located between the lower plug and the upper plug.
Optionally, the outer cylinder comprises a top cover and a side wall, the lower plug comprises a base, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected in sequence from bottom to top, the side wall is connected with the base, and the confining pressure cavity is formed by the inner wall of the side wall, the upper end face of the base, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder and the lower end face of the upper plug;
the inside of the base is the axial pressure cavity, the base is provided with a connecting hole penetrating through the upper end face of the base, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to the outer diameter of the sliding seat;
the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe penetrating through the base, and the second boss is positioned on the upper end face of the sliding seat;
the outer diameter of the upper plug is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper plug, an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the upper plug are arranged on the upper plug, and the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe penetrating through the base;
the rubber cylinder axial both ends suit respectively in first boss with the second boss.
Optionally, the core holder further comprises: a first displacement transducer; the first displacement transmitter is connected with the sliding seat.
Optionally, the outer cylinder comprises a side wall and a bottom cover, the upper plug comprises a top seat, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, the side wall is connected with the top seat, and the confining pressure cavity is formed by the inner wall of the side wall, the lower end face of the top seat, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder and the upper end face of the lower plug;
the inside of the top seat is the axial pressure cavity, the top seat is provided with a connecting hole penetrating through the lower end face of the top seat, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to that of the sliding seat;
the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe penetrating through the top seat, and the second boss is positioned on the lower end face of the sliding seat;
the outer diameter of the lower plug is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the upper end face of the lower plug, a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the lower plug are arranged on the lower plug, and the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe penetrating through the top seat;
the rubber cylinder axial both ends suit respectively in first boss with the second boss.
Further, the core holder further comprises: a second displacement transducer; the second displacement transmitter is connected with the lower plug.
Optionally, the core holder further comprises: a backing ring; the outer diameter of the backing ring is the same as the inner diameter of the rubber cylinder, and the backing ring is axially positioned between the upper plug and the core clamped by the core holder.
Optionally, the core holder further comprises: a temperature measurement probe; the temperature measuring probe is connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and is positioned in the confining pressure cavity.
Optionally, the downstream fluid reservoir is connected to the upstream fluid reservoir.
Optionally, a pressure-guiding pipeline is arranged between the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream pressure transmitter, and a differential pressure transmitter is arranged on the pressure-guiding pipeline.
Optionally, the upstream fluid reservoir, the test fluid reservoir, and the downstream fluid reservoir are piston containers.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the core holder provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with the upper inlet end, the upper outlet end, the lower inlet end and the lower outlet end, the liquid circulation is carried out at the upstream end of the core through the upper inlet end and the upper outlet end, and the liquid circulation is carried out at the downstream end of the core through the lower inlet end and the lower outlet end.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shale parameter measuring device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a core holder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower plug according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, each reference numeral in the drawings is as follows:
1. the core holder comprises a core holder body, a 101 outer cylinder, a 102 lower plug, a 103 lower fluid pipe, a 104 upper plug, a 105 upper fluid pipe, a 106 rubber cylinder, a 2 constant temperature box, a 3 upstream fluid storage tank, a 4 test liquid storage tank, a 5 upstream pump, a 6 downstream fluid storage tank, a 7 downstream pump, an 8 confining pressure pump, a 9 confining pressure storage tank and a 10-axis pressure pump.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a shale parameter measuring device, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises: core holder 1, incubator 2, upstream fluid storage tank 3, test fluid storage tank 4, upstream pump 5, downstream fluid storage tank 6, downstream pump 7, confining pressure pump 8, confining pressure storage tank 9 and axial pressure pump 10.
The core holder 1 is positioned in the incubator 2, the inlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank 3, the inlet end of the test liquid storage tank 4 and the outlet end of the upstream pump 5 are connected through an inlet three-way valve, the outlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank 3 and the outlet end of the test liquid storage tank are connected with an upper inlet channel inside the upper plug 104 through an outlet three-way valve, an upstream pressure transmitter is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet three-way valve and the upper plug 104, and the upper outlet end of the core holder 1 is communicated with the outside of the incubator 2; the inlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is connected with the outlet end of the downstream pump 7, the outlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is connected with a lower inlet channel inside the lower plug 102, a downstream pressure transmitter is arranged on a pipeline between the downstream fluid storage tank 6 and the lower plug 102, and the lower outlet end of the core holder 1 is communicated with the outside of the incubator 2.
The confining pressure pump 8 and the confining pressure storage tank 9 are communicated with the confining pressure cavity, a confining pressure transmitter is arranged on a pipeline between the confining pressure pump 8 and the confining pressure cavity, and an air injection pipeline is arranged on the confining pressure storage tank 9; the outlet end of the axial pressure pump 10 is communicated with an axial pressure cavity, and an axial pressure transmitter is arranged on a pipeline between the axial pressure pump 10 and the axial pressure cavity.
The core holder 1 comprises an outer cylinder 101, a lower plug 102, a lower fluid pipe 103, an upper plug 104, an upper fluid pipe 105 and a rubber cylinder 106; the lower plug 102 and the upper plug 104 are connected with the outer barrel 101, the lower fluid pipe 103 is connected with the lower plug 102, the upper fluid pipe 105 is connected with the upper plug 104, and the rubber barrel 106 is axially positioned between the lower plug 102 and the upper plug 104.
In this example, the core holder 1 is suitable for cores with a diameter of 25mm (unit: mm) and an axial length of 25-80 mm.
The upstream pressure transmitter, the downstream pressure transmitter, the confining pressure transmitter and the shaft pressure transmitter are all DBY-300 pressure transmitters, the measuring range of the pressure transmitters is 150MPa (unit: megapascals), and the precision is 0.25% F.S (Full Scale).
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the first connection manner between the outer barrel 101, the lower plug 102, the lower fluid pipe 103, the upper plug 104, the upper fluid pipe 105, and the rubber barrel 106 included in the core holder 1 includes: the outer cylinder 101 comprises a top cover and a side wall, the lower plug 102 sequentially comprises a base, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected from bottom to top, the side wall is connected with the base, and a confining pressure cavity is formed by the inner wall of the side wall, the upper end face of the base, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 106 and the lower end face of the upper plug 104.
The inside of the base is a shaft pressing cavity, a connecting hole penetrating through the upper end face of the base is formed in the base, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to the outer diameter of the sliding seat; the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe 103 penetrating through the base, and the second boss is positioned on the upper end face of the sliding seat.
The outer diameter of the upper plug 104 is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper plug 104, the upper plug 104 is provided with an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the upper plug 104, and the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe 105 penetrating through the base. The two axial ends of the rubber tube 106 are respectively sleeved on the first boss and the second boss.
It should be noted that, in the first connection manner, the schematic structural view of the lower plug 102 can be seen in fig. 3. The lower plug 102 includes a base that is threadably connected to the outer barrel 101, e.g., the outer wall of the base has external threads and the inner wall of the outer barrel 101 has internal threads that engage the external threads. The connection between the lower plug 102 and the outer barrel 101 may also include a seal to improve the tightness of the core holder 1. The upper plug 104 contacts with the inner wall of the outer cylinder 101, and the upper plug 104 is detachably and movably connected with the outer cylinder 101.
In addition, the upper fluid pipe 105 connected to the upper inlet passage and the upper outlet passage may penetrate through the base, or may penetrate through both the base and the slide base, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the core holder 1 further includes a first displacement transducer connected to the sliding seat included in the lower plug 102 to measure a displacement distance of the sliding seat included in the lower plug 102. For example, LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer ) with model THGA-10, namely a linear displacement sensor, can be used, and has the advantages of 40MPa pressure resistance, 150 ℃ temperature resistance and 0-10 mm measurement range.
In an alternative embodiment, the outer barrel 101, the lower plug 102, the lower fluid pipe 103, the upper plug 104, the upper fluid pipe 105, and the rubber barrel 106 of the core holder 1 may be further connected by a second connection manner. The second connection mode comprises: the outer cylinder 101 comprises a side wall and a bottom cover, the upper plug 104 sequentially comprises a top seat, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected from top to bottom, the side wall is connected with the top seat, and a confining pressure cavity is formed by the inner wall of the side wall, the lower end face of the top seat, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 106 and the upper end face of the lower plug 102.
The inside of the top seat is a shaft pressing cavity, a connecting hole penetrating through the lower end surface of the top seat is formed in the top seat, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to that of the sliding seat; the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe 105 penetrating through the top seat, and the second boss is positioned on the lower end face of the sliding seat.
The outer diameter of the lower plug 102 is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the upper end face of the lower plug 102, the lower plug 102 is provided with a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the lower plug 102, and the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe 103 penetrating through the top seat. The two axial ends of the rubber tube 106 are respectively sleeved on the first boss and the second boss.
In the second connection manner, the top seat included in the upper plug 104 may be screwed with the outer cylinder 101, for example, an outer wall of the top seat has an external thread, and an inner wall of the outer cylinder 101 has an internal thread engaged with the external thread. The junction of the upper plug 104 and the outer barrel 101 may also include a seal to improve the tightness of the core holder 1. The lower plug 102 is in contact with the inner wall of the outer cylinder 101, and the lower plug 102 is connected with the outer cylinder 101 in a detachable and movable connection mode.
In addition, the lower fluid pipe 103 connected to the lower inlet passage and the lower outlet passage may penetrate through not only the top seat but also both the top seat and the slide seat, and this embodiment is not limited thereto.
In this embodiment, the core holder 1 may also include a second displacement transducer, where the second displacement transducer is connected to the sliding seat included in the upper plug 104, so as to accurately measure the displacement distance of the sliding seat included in the upper plug 104. In addition, the core holder 1 further comprises a temperature probe; the temperature measuring probe is connected to the inner wall of the outer barrel 101, is positioned in the confining pressure cavity and is used for accurately measuring the temperature of the core sample positioned in the cavity.
Further, the core holder 1 may further include a backing ring, the outer diameter of the backing ring is the same as the inner diameter of the rubber tube 106, and the backing ring is axially located between the upper plug 104 and the core held by the core holder 1, and the backing ring may be made of metal. When the fluid with impurities flows from the upper inlet channel inside the upper plug 104 to the core held by the core holder 1, the impurities in the fluid can be accumulated on the surface of the core, so as to block the upper inlet channel inside the upper plug 104. The function of the grommet is to separate the upper plug 104 from the core to avoid plugging the upper inlet passage inside the upper plug 104.
In an alternative embodiment, the downstream fluid reservoir 6 is connected to the upstream fluid reservoir 3 such that the fluid in the downstream fluid reservoir 6 and the fluid in the upstream fluid reservoir 3 are both fluid pressurized by the upstream pump 5 or are both fluid pressurized by the downstream pump 7. Therefore, when the fluids in the downstream fluid tank 6 and the upstream fluid tank 3 are the same fluid, the pressurization of the fluids in the downstream fluid tank 6 and the upstream fluid tank 3 can be simultaneously completed by only one pump (the upstream pump 5 or the downstream pump 7), thereby making the operation simpler.
The downstream fluid storage tank 6 is connected with the upstream fluid storage tank 3 through a pipeline, a valve with a switching function is arranged on the pipeline, when the valve is opened, the pipeline is a passage, namely the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is communicated with the upstream fluid storage tank 3, and at the moment, the pressurization of the fluid in the downstream fluid storage tank 6 and the upstream fluid storage tank 3 can be simultaneously completed through one pump (the upstream pump 5 or the downstream pump 7); when the valve is closed, the pipeline is open, i.e. the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is not communicated with the upstream fluid storage tank 3, the fluid in the upstream fluid storage tank 3 is pressurized by the upstream pump 5, the fluid in the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is pressurized by the downstream pump 7, and the pipeline is suitable for the implementation environment that the fluid in the downstream fluid storage tank 6 and the upstream fluid storage tank 3 are different fluids.
Further, in the present embodiment, the upstream fluid tank 3, the test fluid tank 4 and the downstream fluid tank 6 are all piston-type containers, and the piston-type containers are divided into two cavities by a piston displaceable along the container wall. The use of the piston container will be described with the upstream fluid reservoir 3 as an example, and for ease of description, the cavity communicating with the upstream pump 5 will be referred to as the inlet cavity and the other as the outlet cavity. When the device is used, on one hand, the outlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank 3 is closed, and the outlet cavity is filled with fluid required by experiments; on the other hand, the upstream pump 5 is started to pressurize the clean water to the reference pressure, the pressurized clean water enters the inlet cavity, so that the piston is displaced in the direction of reducing the volume of the outlet cavity, and the fluid in the outlet cavity is compressed and the pressure is increased, thereby realizing indirect pressurization of the fluid in the outlet cavity.
When the fluid required by the experiment is a fluid with higher solid suspended matter content or a fluid with corrosiveness, the direct pressurization of the fluid required by the experiment by the upstream pump 5 can cause the damage of the upstream pump 5, so that a piston type container is required, and the upstream pump 5 can complete the indirect pressurization of the fluid in the outlet cavity only by directly contacting with clear water. Of course, the above clean water is only an example, and other cleaning fluids that can be directly contacted with the upstream pump 5 can be used instead of the clean water in the present embodiment to complete the pressurization process.
Wherein, the upstream fluid storage tank 3 and the test liquid storage tank 4 are both ZR-3 piston type containers, the working pressure is 150MPa, and the volume is 2000ml (unit: milliliter); the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is a ZR-3 piston type container with working pressure of 150MPa and volume of 600ml.
Optionally, a impulse line is provided between the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream pressure transmitter, and a differential pressure transmitter is provided on the impulse line for indicating a difference between the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure. In the practical application process, the upstream pressure measured by the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream pressure measured by the downstream pressure transmitter are obtained, subtraction operation is carried out on the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure, and the difference value between the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure can be obtained.
In addition, the differential pressure transmitter can also play a role in mutual detection of the transmitters, for example, when the difference between the indication of the differential pressure transmitter and the indication of the upstream and downstream pressure transmitters is large, at least one transmitter can be judged to be faulty, so that each transmitter can be overhauled in time, and the accuracy of measured data is ensured.
In the embodiment, the differential pressure transmitter is a differential pressure transmitter with the model DBC-151, the measuring range of the differential pressure transmitter is 20MPa, the static pressure bearing capacity is 150MPa, and the precision is 0.25%F.S.
Alternatively, the upstream pump 5 is a double-plunger pulse-free pump with the working pressure of 150MPa and the flow rate of 10 ml/min; the downstream pump 7 is an electric metering pump with the model of DJB-80A, and has a single plunger structure and the working pressure of more than 130MPa; the surrounding pressure pump 8 and the axial pressure pump 10 are respectively a DJB-150A electric pump, and the pumps are of a single plunger structure, and the working pressure is more than 150MPa.
Next, taking the core holder 1 as an example of connection according to the first connection method, an experimental procedure for measuring the shale permeability using the apparatus provided in this embodiment will be described:
firstly, filling simulated pore fluid into an upstream fluid storage tank 3 and a downstream fluid storage tank 6, and filling oil into a confining pressure storage tank 9 to finish the preparation of experimental liquid; loading a core sample into a rubber barrel 106, sleeving the rubber barrel 106 on a boss of a lower plug 102, adjusting the interval between an upper plug 104 and the lower plug 102 to enable the core sample to be in contact with the upper plug 104, and then completing clamping and fixing of the core sample by the core holder 1;
secondly, opening the incubator 2, heating the core sample to a reference temperature and maintaining the reference temperature; injecting air into the confining pressure storage tank 9 through an air injection pipeline, enabling oil in the confining pressure storage tank 9 to enter a confining pressure cavity, starting the confining pressure pump 8, after the pressure in the confining pressure cavity is increased (for example, the pressure is increased to 6 MPa), starting the upstream pump 5, pressurizing the simulated pore fluid in the upstream fluid storage tank 3 (for example, pressurizing to 5 MPa), enabling the simulated pore fluid in the upstream fluid storage tank 3 to sequentially enter a core sample through an upper fluid pipe 105 connected with an upper inlet channel and an upper inlet channel in the upper plug 104, and sequentially enabling the core sample to flow out of the core sample through an upper outlet channel in the upper plug 104 and the upper fluid pipe 105 connected with the upper outlet channel; accordingly, the downstream pump 7 is turned on to pressurize (e.g., to 5 MPa) the simulated pore fluid in the downstream fluid storage tank 6, and the simulated pore fluid in the downstream fluid storage tank 6 sequentially enters the core sample through the lower fluid pipe 103 connected to the lower inlet channel and the lower inlet channel inside the lower plug 102, and then flows out of the core sample through the lower outlet channel inside the lower plug 102 and the lower fluid pipe 103 connected to the lower outlet channel.
The heating of the core sample by the incubator 2 is to simulate a high-temperature environment deep in a stratum; the simulated pore fluid pressurized by the upstream pump 5 enters the core sample, and air in the pores of the core sample is discharged, so that the pressure of the upstream end of the core sample is equal to the pressure of the simulated pore fluid by 5MPa; accordingly, the pressure of the downstream end of the core sample is also 5MPa, so that the core sample is restored to the original state in the stratum.
It should be noted that, the pores inside the core deep in the stratum are often filled with fluid (stratum water), and although the core sample taken out is wax sealed during the sampling process of the core to avoid air entering the pores of the core sample, air inevitably enters the core sample during the transferring and using processes of the core sample, so that the core sample needs to be exhausted by using simulated pore fluid, so that the core sample is as close to the original state of filling the pores with the fluid as possible.
Then, adjusting the confining pressure pump 8, and continuously increasing the pressure in the confining pressure cavity (such as to 20 MPa); adjusting the upstream pump 5, increasing the pressure of the simulated pore fluid in the upstream fluid storage tank 3 (for example, increasing to 15 MPa), enabling the pressurized simulated pore fluid to sequentially enter the core sample through the upper fluid pipe 105 connected with the upper inlet channel and the upper inlet channel inside the upper plug 104, and then flowing out of the core sample through the upper outlet channel inside the upper plug 104 and the upper fluid pipe 105 connected with the upper outlet channel, and recording the indication Pm of the upstream pressure transmitter at the moment; closing the downstream pump 7 and valves on the downstream pipeline to close the downstream end of the core sample, i.e. to prevent simulated pore fluid from flowing out of the core sample through the lower outlet channel inside the lower plug 102 and the lower fluid pipe 103 connected with the lower outlet channel, and recording the indication Po of the downstream transmitter at this time;
wherein the pressure of the simulated pore fluid in the upstream fluid storage tank 3 is increased in order to simulate the pressure of the drilling fluid column during the drilling process; the pressure in the confining pressure cavity is increased to ensure that the simulated pore fluid only enters and exits from the axial end face of the core sample, but not enters and exits from the radial side wall of the core sample, so that the pressure in the confining pressure cavity is greater than the pressure of the pressurized simulated pore fluid;
after the downstream end of the core sample is closed, the initial pressure of the downstream end of the core sample is Po (i.e. 5MPa in the exhaust process), and the pressure of the upstream end of the core sample is always kept at Pm (i.e. 15MPa after the adjustment of the upstream pump 5), then the simulated fluid in the pores of the core sample flows from the upstream end to the downstream end, so that the pressure of the downstream end of the core sample is continuously improved, and the pressure of the downstream end of the core sample at different moments in the process is measured by a downstream pressure transmitter and is used for calculating the permeability of the core sample.
Finally, when the upstream end pressure measured by the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream end pressure measured by the downstream pressure transmitter are balanced (for example, when the difference between the upstream end pressure and the downstream end pressure is less than 5% is regarded as balance), the upstream pump 5 and the confining pressure pump 8 are closed, the experimental data are obtained, and the obtained experimental data are calculated according to the following formula, so as to obtain the permeability of the core sample:
wherein: k-permeability, units: l/m3 (liters/cubic meter);
mu-viscosity of drilling fluid, unit: mm2/s (square millimeter/second);
beta-fluid static compressibility, unit: percent (percent);
v—downstream closed volume, unit: m is m 3 (cubic meters);
l-rock sample length, unit: m (meters);
a-cross-sectional area of rock sample, unit: m is m 2 (square meters);
pm—pressure at the upstream end of the core sample, unit: MPa;
po—initial pressure at the downstream end of the core sample, unit: MPa;
P t2 -core sample downstream end at t 2 Pressure at time, unit: MPa;
P t1 -core sample downstream end at t 1 Pressure at time, unit: and (5) MPa.
Besides measuring the shale permeability, the device provided by the embodiment can also measure the membrane efficiency of the shale, and the experimental process is as follows:
firstly, filling a low-activity solution into a test liquid storage tank 4, filling simulated pore fluid into an upstream fluid storage tank 3 and a downstream fluid storage tank 6, and filling oil into a confining pressure storage tank 9 to finish the preparation of experimental liquid; loading a core sample into a rubber barrel 106, sleeving the rubber barrel 106 on a boss of a lower plug 102, placing a backing ring with reference thickness on the end face of one end of the core sample, which is close to an upper plug 104, adjusting the interval between the upper plug 104 and the lower plug 102, enabling the backing ring to be in contact with the upper plug 104, and completing clamping and fixing of the core sample by the core holder 1;
it should be noted that, the above-mentioned low activity solution may be the mud filtrate of simulation drilling fluid, and then the process that the low activity solution contacted with the core sample is the simulation process that the drilling fluid liquid column erodes the shale wall of a well in the drilling process, and in this process, the mud filtrate constantly erodes the core sample, forms the mud cake of certain thickness on the terminal surface of core sample, therefore need place the backing ring of reference thickness on the terminal surface of core sample, prevent mud cake to block up last entry passageway and last exit channel of the inside of plug 104, influence the normal clear of experiment.
Secondly, opening the incubator 2, heating the core sample to a reference temperature and maintaining the reference temperature; the confining pressure pump 8 is started to increase the pressure in the confining pressure cavity, the upstream pump 5 is started to pressurize the simulated pore fluid in the upstream fluid storage tank 3, the pressure of the upstream end of the core sample is increased, the downstream pump 7 is started to increase the pressure of the downstream end of the core sample, the pressures of the upstream end and the downstream end of the core sample are equal (for example, the pressures of the upstream end and the downstream end are 5 MPa), and the indication Ps of the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream pressure transmitter at the moment are recorded. This procedure is identical to the procedure of the experiment for measuring shale permeability, and thus will not be described in detail.
Then, replacing the simulated pore fluid entering the upper plug 104 with a low-activity solution, and maintaining the pressure of the upstream end and the downstream end of the core sample unchanged in the replacement process; after the replacement, the downstream pump 7 and the valves on the downstream pipeline are closed, so that the downstream end of the core sample is closed.
After the downstream end of the core sample is closed, the initial pressures of the upstream end and the downstream end of the core sample are Ps, wherein the fluid in the inner pores of the upstream end of the core sample is a low-activity solution, and the fluid in the inner pores of the downstream end of the core sample is a simulated pore fluid with activity higher than that of the low-activity solution, so that water molecules in the simulated pore fluid can be transferred into the low-activity solution under the action of the activity difference, the pressure of the downstream end of the core sample is gradually reduced, the pressure of the downstream end of the core sample at different moments in the process is measured by a downstream pressure transmitter, the pressure difference of the upstream end and the downstream end of the process is measured by a differential pressure transmitter, and the film efficiency of the core sample is calculated.
Finally, when the upstream end pressure measured by the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream end pressure measured by the downstream pressure transmitter are balanced (for example, when the difference between the upstream end pressure and the downstream end pressure is less than 5% is regarded as balance), the upstream pump 5 and the confining pressure pump 8 are closed, the experimental data are obtained, and the obtained experimental data are calculated according to the following formula, so as to obtain the film efficiency of the core sample:
wherein σ -film efficiency;
Δpnd—maximum differential pressure between upstream and downstream ends of core samples measured by differential pressure transducer, unit: MPa;
pn theory-theoretically the maximum differential pressure at the upstream and downstream ends of a core sample, in: MPa;
it should be noted that, for the experiment for measuring the shale permeability, the essence is to measure the flow rule of the fluid in the core sample when no chemical potential difference is applied (the fluid in the internal pores of the upstream end and the downstream end is the simulated pore fluid, so no chemical potential difference is applied) and only hydraulic pressure difference is applied; accordingly, for experiments measuring the efficiency of the shale film, the essence is to measure the flow rule of the fluid in the core sample when no hydraulic pressure difference acts (the fluid pressure in the inner pores of the upstream end and the downstream end is the same, so the hydraulic pressure difference does not exist) and only chemical potential difference acts. In a comprehensive view, the two experiments are used for researching the shale reservoir from the mechanical and chemical angles, and the shale permeability and the membrane efficiency obtained by the experiments can be further used for building a mechanical-chemical coupling analysis model so as to be convenient for more truly evaluating the stability of the shale well wall.
In addition, it should be noted that the core samples used in the two experimental processes are natural core samples, and the experimental device provided by the embodiment can also measure the shale permeability and the membrane efficiency by using artificial core samples. In order to ensure that the strength of the artificial core sample is close to that of the natural core sample, the artificial core sample needs to be compacted before the artificial core sample is used for experiments, and the specific process is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps that the artificial core sample to be compacted is clamped and fixed by a core holder 1 in the same experimental process; the confining pressure pump 8 is started, the pressure in the confining pressure cavity is increased (for example, the pressure is increased to 20 MPa), the axial pressure pump 10 is started, the pressure in the axial pressure cavity is increased (for example, the pressure in the axial pressure cavity is increased to 20 MPa), and the sliding seat included in the lower plug 102 is displaced towards the direction close to the upper plug 104 by the pressure in the axial pressure cavity, so that the artificial core sample is compacted by the extrusion force between the upper plug 104 and the lower plug 102.
In the process of compacting the artificial core sample, the strength of the artificial core sample is gradually increased, and the compressibility in the axial direction is correspondingly reduced, which is specifically that the displacement amount of the sliding seat included in the lower plug 102 in the direction approaching the upper plug 104 in unit time is reduced under the same pressure. The displacement transducer in the axial compression cavity can be used for measuring the displacement distance of the sliding seat included in the lower plug 102, the displacement of the sliding seat included in the lower plug 102 is smaller than 10 mu m/h (unit: micrometers/hour), the artificial core sample can be considered to be compacted, and the compacted artificial core sample can be used for the experiments for measuring the shale permeability and the shale film efficiency.
In summary, the core holder provided by the embodiment of the invention has the upper inlet end, the upper outlet end, the lower inlet end and the lower outlet end, the liquid circulation is performed at the upstream end of the core through the upper inlet end and the upper outlet end, and the liquid circulation is performed at the downstream end of the core through the lower inlet end and the lower outlet end, and the liquid circulation performed at the upstream end and the downstream end of the core are independent and do not interfere with each other, so that the accuracy of measuring the shale parameters is improved.
Further, in the embodiment of the invention, the upper plug and the core are separated by the backing ring, so that a certain distance is formed between the upper plug and the core, when the shale parameters are measured, the liquid containing impurities can be circulated at the upstream end of the core, and the impurities in the liquid can be accumulated between the upper plug and the core, so that the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel in the upper plug are prevented from being blocked, and the application range of the device is enlarged.
Any combination of the above-mentioned optional solutions may be adopted to form an optional embodiment of the present disclosure, which is not described herein in detail.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, but rather, the present invention is to be construed as limited to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A shale parameter measurement apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the core holder (1), the incubator (2), the upstream fluid storage tank (3), the test liquid storage tank (4), the upstream pump (5), the downstream fluid storage tank (6), the downstream pump (7), the confining pressure pump (8), the confining pressure storage tank (9) and the axial pressure pump (10);
the core holder (1) is positioned in the incubator (2), the inlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank (3), the inlet end of the test fluid storage tank (4) and the outlet end of the upstream pump (5) are connected through an inlet three-way valve, the outlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank (3), the outlet end of the test fluid storage tank (4) and the upper inlet end of the core holder (1) are connected through an outlet three-way valve, an upstream pressure transmitter is arranged between the outlet three-way valve and the upper inlet end of the core holder (1), and the upper outlet end of the core holder (1) is communicated with the outside of the incubator (2); the inlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank (6) is connected with the outlet end of the downstream pump (7), the outlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank (6) is connected with the lower inlet end of the core holder (1), a downstream pressure transmitter is arranged between the downstream fluid storage tank (6) and the lower inlet end of the core holder (1), and the lower outlet end of the core holder (1) is communicated with the outside of the incubator (2);
the confining pressure pump (8) and the confining pressure storage tank (9) are communicated with a confining pressure cavity in the core holder (1), and a confining pressure transmitter is arranged between the confining pressure pump (8) and the confining pressure cavity; the outlet end of the axial pressure pump (10) is communicated with an axial pressure cavity in the core holder (1), and an axial pressure transmitter is arranged between the axial pressure pump (10) and the axial pressure cavity;
the core holder (1) comprises an outer barrel (101), a lower plug (102), a lower fluid pipe (103), an upper plug (104), an upper fluid pipe (105) and a rubber barrel (106);
the lower plug (102) and the upper plug (104) are connected with the outer cylinder (101), the lower fluid pipe (103) is connected with the lower plug (102), the upper fluid pipe (105) is connected with the upper plug (104), and the rubber cylinder (106) is axially positioned between the lower plug (102) and the upper plug (104);
the outer cylinder (101) comprises a top cover and a side wall, the lower plug (102) comprises a base, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected in sequence from bottom to top, the side wall is connected with the base, and the confining pressure cavity is formed by the inner wall of the side wall, the upper end face of the base, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder (106) and the lower end face of the upper plug (104);
the inside of the base is the axial pressure cavity, the base is provided with a connecting hole penetrating through the upper end face of the base, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to the outer diameter of the sliding seat;
the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe (103) penetrating through the base, and the second boss is positioned on the upper end face of the sliding seat;
the outer diameter of the upper plug (104) is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper plug (104), the upper plug (104) is provided with an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the upper plug (104), and the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe (105) penetrating through the base;
the two axial ends of the rubber cylinder (106) are sleeved on the first boss and the second boss respectively.
2. The shale parameter measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said core holder (1) further comprises: a first displacement transducer;
the first displacement transmitter is connected with the sliding seat.
3. The shale parameter measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the outer cylinder (101) comprises a bottom cover and a side wall, the upper plug (104) comprises a top seat, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, the side wall is connected with the top seat, and the confining pressure cavity is formed by the inner wall of the side wall, the lower end face of the top seat, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder (106) and the upper end face of the lower plug (102);
the inside of the top seat is the axial pressure cavity, the top seat is provided with a connecting hole penetrating through the lower end face of the top seat, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to that of the sliding seat;
the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe (105) penetrating through the top seat, and the second boss is positioned on the lower end face of the sliding seat;
the outer diameter of the lower plug (102) is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the upper end face of the lower plug (102), the lower plug (102) is provided with a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the lower plug (102), and the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe (103) penetrating through the top seat;
the two axial ends of the rubber cylinder (106) are sleeved on the first boss and the second boss respectively.
4. A shale parameter measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein said core holder (1) further comprises: a second displacement transducer;
the second displacement transmitter is connected with the sliding seat.
5. The shale parameter measuring apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1-4, wherein said core holder (1) further comprises: a backing ring;
the outer diameter of the backing ring is the same as the inner diameter of the rubber barrel (106), and the backing ring is axially positioned between the upper plug (104) and the core clamped by the core holder (1).
6. The shale parameter measuring apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1-4, wherein said core holder (1) further comprises: a temperature measurement probe;
the temperature measuring probe is connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder (101), and is positioned in the confining pressure cavity.
7. Shale parameter measuring device according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that said downstream fluid reservoir (6) is connected to said upstream fluid reservoir (3).
8. The shale parameter measurement apparatus of any of claims 1-4, wherein a impulse piping is provided between the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream pressure transmitter, and wherein a differential pressure transmitter is provided on the impulse piping.
9. Shale parameter measuring device according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the upstream fluid reservoir (3), the test fluid reservoir (4) and the downstream fluid reservoir (6) are piston containers.
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