CN111912596B - Small-sized straight-flow wind tunnel diffusion section with ultra-long fairing and annular separation-preventing net - Google Patents
Small-sized straight-flow wind tunnel diffusion section with ultra-long fairing and annular separation-preventing net Download PDFInfo
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- CN111912596B CN111912596B CN202010734651.9A CN202010734651A CN111912596B CN 111912596 B CN111912596 B CN 111912596B CN 202010734651 A CN202010734651 A CN 202010734651A CN 111912596 B CN111912596 B CN 111912596B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention provides a small straight-flow wind tunnel diffusion section with an ultra-long fairing and an annular separation prevention net, belonging to the field of aerodynamic wind tunnel design, manufacture and assembly. The small wind tunnel diffusion section is generally subdivided into a plurality of sections, and referring to the attached figure I, the diffusion section refers to the whole of the second to the fourth diffusion sections which are arranged in front of the wind tunnel power section. The diffusion section comprises a wind tunnel ultra-long fairing, a supporting structure, an annular separation-preventing net and the like. The ultra-long front fairing is divided into a front part, a middle part and a rear part; the supporting structure refers to a fairing supporting rod with a section curve being an airfoil curve; the annular separation-preventing net is divided into a large separation net and a small separation net, and the annular separation-preventing net is formed by assembling an inner metal frame, an outer metal frame, an inner rubber pad, an outer rubber pad and a metal gauze net. The method is characterized in that: (1) the design effectively shortens the length of the flow channel of the small-sized direct-flow wind tunnel, reduces the on-way loss of the airflow of the diffusion section, improves the energy utilization efficiency of the wind tunnel, and inhibits the separation of the airflow in the section; (2) by shortening the length of the wind tunnel, the requirement of the building wind tunnel on the site space is reduced, and the economy of the building and operation of the wind tunnel is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aerodynamic wind tunnel design, manufacture and assembly, and particularly relates to a small straight-flow wind tunnel diffusion section with an ultra-long fairing and an annular separation prevention net.
Background
Many projects requiring the construction of small wind tunnels often have the problems of low expenditure, limited site and the like, the requirements of researches related to aerodynamics and hydrodynamics on the performance of the wind tunnels are increasing day by day, but even if many units such as universities and research institutes can obtain the funds for constructing the small wind tunnels, the units are difficult to carry out work under the limitation of site planning, and the problems become important factors for hindering many exploratory pneumatic researches and fluid researches.
The wind tunnel is composed of a plurality of different parts, and taking the straight-flow type small wind tunnel as an example, the wind tunnel is sequentially provided with a stable section, a contraction section, a test section, a diffusion section and a power section from front to back.
The diffusion section is a key link of the wind tunnel, high-speed air can gradually decelerate after entering the diffusion section, and the kinetic energy of the air is recovered to pressure energy. Researches show that the energy loss of the wind tunnel is in direct proportion to the third power of the wind speed, and the lower wind speed can reduce the energy loss of the airflow at the downstream part of the diffusion section and reduce the power required by the wind tunnel.
In the existing wind tunnel design and construction scheme, methods for shortening the length of a wind tunnel flow channel exist, for example, a backflow type wind tunnel can utilize a large-opening-angle diffusion section rectifying device to realize the great shortening of the flow channel, and the method is realized by increasing a diffusion angle in a diffusion section and arranging an anti-separation net; the straight-flow wind tunnel can also use the same method to shorten the length of the wind tunnel, but because the structural size of the diffusion section of the straight-flow wind tunnel is limited by the size of the rear power section, the diffusion capacity is limited, so the shortening degree of the length of the wind tunnel is limited; some direct-flow wind tunnels shorten the length by omitting an unnecessary contraction structure between the diffusion section and the power section, and the method obviously influences the wind speed of the power section.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to: the ultra-long front fairing and the annular separation preventing net are introduced into the diffusion section, the cross section area of air from the diffusion section to the power section is designed to be monotonically increased, the rate of space diffusion in the diffusion section is reduced by the ultra-long front fairing, the phenomenon that the air speed in the diffusion section is too fast reduced is avoided, and the high air speed at the inlet of the power section is ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a small straight-flow wind tunnel diffusion section with an ultra-long fairing and an annular separation prevention net, which is arranged in front of a straight-flow wind tunnel power section. The device is characterized by comprising an outer wall of a wind tunnel diffusion section, a fairing supporting rod and an annular separation prevention net;
the fairing and the wind tunnel outer wall are divided into a front part, a middle part and a rear part, the fairing and the wind tunnel outer wall are arranged coaxially in a pairwise matching mode, the fairing and the wind tunnel outer wall are installed and positioned through a plurality of fairing supporting rods, the fairing supporting rods penetrate through openings in the wind tunnel outer wall, one ends of the fairing supporting rods are connected with the wind tunnel outer wall through flanges, and the other ends of the fairing supporting rods are inserted into the openings in the fairing.
The annular anti-separation net consists of an inner metal frame, an outer metal frame, an inner rubber pad, an outer rubber pad and a metal gauze, the inner metal frames of the large and small annular anti-separation nets are arranged between adjacent cowlings, and the outer metal frames are arranged between the outer walls of adjacent wind tunnels. Rubber pads are arranged on the inner sides of the inner and outer metal frames of the annular separation-preventing net, metal gauze is clamped between the rubber pads, mounting holes are designed on relevant parts of the separation-preventing net, and the metal frames on the two sides clamp the inner rubber pads and the metal gauze and are pre-tightened by bolts.
Preferably, the metal wire wound into a round shape is welded on the outer ring and the inner ring of the metal gauze, so that the gauze is prevented from being scattered and decomposed after being stressed.
Preferably, the overlength front fairing is designed into a sectional type, all the sections of the fairing are positioned through tenon-and-mortise structures on the end face, the metal frame in the annular anti-separation net is positioned by means of a protruding structure on the end face of the fairing, and the metal frame is fixed through extrusion force of the adjacent fairings.
Preferably, the cross-sectional profile of the cowl brace is configured as an airfoil profile, the leading edge of the airfoil being oriented in the direction of the incoming flow when assembled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the application of the large-opening-angle diffusion section is mainly used for shortening the length of the wind tunnel and balancing the size of each part of the wind tunnel so as to achieve the purposes of saving the design space, building and maintaining expenses and the like. The method for installing the separation preventing net in the large-opening-angle diffusion section is a diffusion section rectification method which has the widest application range and the best effect in recent ten years, and effectively shortens the length of the wind tunnel. The separation preventing net is also referred to as a damping net.
When air flows through the separation preventing net, the airflow generates a primary pressure drop, and the separation preventing net can prevent or inhibit the separation of the airflow and reduce the turbulence degree in the wind tunnel. Compared with other devices, the anti-separation net can reduce the turbulence degree while homogenizing the air flow, and the influence of the incoming flow uniformity degree on the outlet speed type is small. The anti-separation mesh effectively reduces the thickness of the boundary layer, and the capability of the boundary layer to bear the adverse pressure gradient increases along with the reduction of the thickness of the boundary layer. The installation position of the separation-preventing net is convenient to disassemble, and the manufacturing cost is low.
Research shows that when the diffusion angle of the diffusion section is less than 60 degrees and the diffusion area is less than 5 degrees, the quality of the flow field can be effectively improved by arranging the separation preventing net, and a satisfactory degree is achieved. The number of layers and the positions of the separation preventing nets are reasonably arranged, and even under the extreme diffusion condition, the effect of well avoiding flow separation can still be achieved.
The area ratio A2/A1 of the two annular separation-preventing nets is 1.49, the aperture ratio is 0.58, the requirements that the area ratio is smaller than about 1.4 and the aperture ratio is larger than about 0.57 in the Farell design principle are met, the opening area ratio of the diffusion section is obviously smaller than that of the diffusion section which is actually applied in the backflow type wind tunnel, the separation degree of the air flow in the diffusion section is weaker than that of the diffusion section, and therefore the selected parameters basically meet the requirements.
According to the invention, the ultra-long front fairing and the annular separation-preventing net are introduced into the diffusion section, the cross section area of air from the diffusion section to the power section is designed to be monotonously increased, the on-way loss of airflow of the diffusion section is reduced, the energy utilization efficiency of the wind tunnel is improved, and the separation of airflow in the section is inhibited; the overlength front fairing slows down the speed of space diffusion in the diffuser section, avoids the too fast reduction of the wind speed in the diffuser section, ensures the high wind speed at the inlet of the power section, so that a contraction structure in front of the power section can be omitted, the length of a wind tunnel flow channel is shortened, the requirement of the construction wind tunnel on site space is reduced, and the economy of wind tunnel construction and operation is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a position of the apparatus of the present invention in a small low turbulence wind tunnel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the invention after installation of the outer wall of the wind tunnel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the invention after hiding the outer wall of the wind tunnel;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a method of positioning and installing the annular separation prevention net and the cowl;
fig. 6 is an exploded view of the separation preventing net in a ring shape.
(1) The wind tunnel outer walls (4) to (6) are fairings, (7) to (9) are fairing supporting rods, (10) and (11) are annular separation-preventing nets, (12) and (13) are metal frames, (14) and (15) are rubber pads, and (16) is a metal gauze.
The specific implementation case is as follows:
the invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and are not intended to represent the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", and the like are intended to describe directions or positional relationships, which belong to the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and these are only for convenience and description, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "coupled" and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed coupling, a removable coupling, or an integral coupling; the coupling may be direct or via another intermediate coupling. The specific meaning of the above-described language in the present invention can be understood as specific cases by those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows the position of the device according to the invention in a small straight-flow wind tunnel;
as shown in the figures 2, 3 and 4, the small straight-flow wind tunnel diffuser section with the ultra-long fairing and the annular separation preventing net is mainly arranged between a small wind tunnel transition section and a power section, when the small straight-flow wind tunnel diffuser section is installed, the outer wall and the fairing in each small part are firstly assembled, for example, the outer wall (1) and the fairing (4) are fixed through 3 fairing supporting rods (7), the outer wall (2) and the fairing (5) are fixed through 3 fairing supporting rods (8), and the outer wall (3) and the fairing (6) are fixed through 3 fairing supporting rods (9). The adjacent cowlings are positioned and connected through a mortise and tenon joint structure shown in figure 5; the annular separation net is arranged at the joint of each segment and is positioned by the bulge on the end surface of the fairing, and the edges of the inner ring and the outer ring of the annular separation net are in smooth transition with the edges of the wind tunnel fairing and the outer wall of the wind tunnel, so that the flow of fluid in the wind tunnel is not influenced.
As shown in figure 4, the annular separating net is composed of inner and outer metal frames (12) and (13), inner and outer rubber pads (14) and (15) and a gauze (16), bolt mounting holes are formed in all parts, the inner and outer rings of the gauze are welded and wound into a round metal wire to prevent the gauze from being scattered and decomposed after being stressed, the inner and outer rubber pads are arranged between the gauze and the metal frames, and the inner rubber pads and the gauze are fastened by the front and the rear metal frames and are pre-tightened by bolts.
The wind tunnel outer walls (1) - (3) and the fairing supporting rods (7) - (9) are made of carbon steel, the fairings (4) - (6) are made of polyethylene, the fairing is made of 3D printing, the supporting rod wing is NACA0018, the annular separating net is made of aluminum 6061 which is used as the inner and outer rings, the gauze is a metal grid gauze, the diameter of the gauze is 0.2mm, the width of the gauze is 0.85mm, the aperture ratio is 0.58, and the loss coefficients of the two are 1.04. The design of radome fairing bracing piece anterior segment is mortise-tenon joint structure, insert in corresponding radome fairing draw-in groove, the rear end design has the through-hole of ring flange and construction bolt, during the assembly, pass the bracing piece from wind-tunnel outer wall outside installation opening earlier, the opening on the radome fairing is inserted to the front portion, treat that 3 bracing pieces all accurately insert and adjust the position after, use bolt pretension outside the bracing piece ring flange, install 3 little diffusion sections according to such method, then install the annular separation net that corresponds at the radome fairing, the hookup department of wind-tunnel outer wall, install 3 independent parts in proper order finally and fix.
The overall length of the invention is 1744.4mm, and the maximum diameter is 525 mm; the total length of the fairing is 1724.4mm, and the maximum diameter of the fairing is 300 mm.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A small-sized straight-flow wind tunnel diffusion section with an ultra-long fairing and an annular separation prevention net is characterized in that the device comprises an outer wall of the wind tunnel diffusion section, the fairing, a fairing support rod and the annular separation prevention net;
the fairing and the wind tunnel outer wall are divided into a front part, a middle part and a rear part which are matched with each other and coaxially arranged, the front part, the middle part and the rear part are installed and positioned by a plurality of fairing supporting rods, the fairing supporting rods penetrate through an opening on the wind tunnel outer wall, one end of each fairing supporting rod is connected with the wind tunnel outer wall through a flange, and the other end of each fairing supporting rod is inserted into the opening on the fairing;
the annular separation-preventing net consists of an inner metal frame, an outer metal frame, an inner rubber pad, an outer rubber pad and a metal gauze, two annular separation-preventing nets with different diameters are arranged, the inner metal frame of each annular separation-preventing net is arranged between adjacent fairing, and the outer metal frame is arranged between the outer walls of adjacent wind tunnels; rubber pads are arranged on the inner sides of the inner and outer metal frames of the annular separation-preventing net, metal gauze is clamped between the rubber pads, mounting holes are designed on relevant parts of the annular separation-preventing net, and the metal frames on the two sides clamp the inner rubber pads and the metal gauze and are pre-tightened by bolts.
2. A small straight-flow wind tunnel diffuser section having an overlength fairing and an annular anti-separation screen according to claim 1 wherein said metallic screens are wound as round wires welded at their outer and inner peripheries.
3. A small straight-flow wind tunnel diffusion section with ultra-long fairings and annular separation-preventing nets according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultra-long fairings are designed in sectional type, the segments of the fairings are positioned by tenon-and-mortise structures of end faces, and the metal frames in the annular separation-preventing nets are positioned by the aid of convex structures of the end faces of the fairings and are fixed by extrusion force of the adjacent fairings.
4. A small straight-flow wind tunnel diffuser section according to claim 1 having an ultra-long fairing and an annular anti-separation mesh, wherein the cross-sectional profile of the fairing support bar is designed as an airfoil profile, the leading edge of the airfoil profile facing the incoming flow direction during assembly.
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| CN202010734651.9A CN111912596B (en) | 2020-07-27 | 2020-07-27 | Small-sized straight-flow wind tunnel diffusion section with ultra-long fairing and annular separation-preventing net |
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| CN202010734651.9A CN111912596B (en) | 2020-07-27 | 2020-07-27 | Small-sized straight-flow wind tunnel diffusion section with ultra-long fairing and annular separation-preventing net |
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| CN117073965B (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2023-12-15 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Gas-driven model free flight test mass block scattering device and scattering method |
| CN117686177A (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-03-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Hypersonic wind tunnel stabilizing section rectifying device |
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