CN111910593A - Method and system for transporting migratory fishes in hydropower station to go upward through dam - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method and a system for collecting and transporting migratory fishes in a hydropower station to go upwards through a dam, wherein the downstream migratory fishes go upwards in a countercurrent way through an escape-proof cage and enter a vertical shaft; lifting a fish collecting box of a vertical shaft sinking in water away from the water surface, enabling fish in the fish collecting box to slide into a water storage hopper at the bottom of a fish collecting groove, and then connecting the water storage hopper at the bottom of the fish collecting box with a sliding groove on a dam; opening the gate valve, enabling the fish in the water storage bucket to flow into the sliding chute along with water, conveying the fish flowing out of the sliding chute into the temporary culture pond through the grading grids, enabling small fish to fall into the first temporary culture area from gaps among the grid strips, and enabling large fish to slide on the grading grids into the second temporary culture area; transporting the fish in each temporary rearing area to an upstream water area. The invention can help migratory fishes to go upward through the dam, slows down the barrier effect of the dam on the migratory fishes to go upward and protects the sustainable purpose of the original ecology of the fishes.

Description

Method and system for transporting migratory fishes in hydropower station to go upward through dam

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method and a system for collecting and transporting migratory fishes to go upward and pass through a dam in a hydropower station, and belongs to the technical field of upward dam passing of fishes in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering.

Background

The construction of the water conservancy and hydropower engineering inevitably destroys the connectivity of rivers, blocks the migration channel of fishes from exchanging with genes, and causes the destruction of the living environment and the ecological diversity of the fishes. Therefore, the design and construction of fish passing facilities such as fishways, fish collecting systems, fish gates, or fish passing facilities in different combinations for the purpose of fish resource conservation have received much attention.

The fish passing facilities are divided into fish ascending fish passing facilities and fish descending fish passing facilities according to the migration direction of fishes, and most of the fish ascending fish passing facilities are related in China at present. The fish gathering and transporting system for ascending and crossing the dam is an artificial auxiliary system for transporting fishes through the dam by an automobile or a fishing boat through methods of attracting the fishes, blocking the fishes, gathering the fishes, lifting and transporting the fishes, temporarily culturing the fishes and the like. At present, no reliable and efficient upward dam-passing fish gathering and transporting system exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a fish gathering and transporting system for upward migration fishes passing through a dam in a hydropower station, wherein a migration channel well is arranged on one side, close to the downstream, of the dam and communicated with a downstream water area;

the fish attracting device comprises a vertical shaft, a lifting fish collecting box, a water collecting bucket, a fish attracting device and a fish attracting device, wherein the lifting fish collecting box is arranged in the vertical shaft, can sink into water in the vertical shaft and can be lifted away from and float out of the water surface, the lifting fish collecting box is provided with a funnel-shaped net fish collecting groove with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, a water storing bucket is arranged at an opening at the bottom of the fish collecting groove, the water storing bucket is provided with a gate valve used for being connected with a matched sliding groove on a dam, and the all-in-one;

the spout other end links to each other with categorised pond of raising temporarily, the upper portion lateral wall of raising temporarily pond one side seted up with the spout other end goes out the fish mouth that links to each other and advances the fish mouth, categorised pond of raising temporarily is divided into two by first mesh baffle and raises temporarily the district install hierarchical grid in the pond, hierarchical grid is provided with the decurrent grid strip of front end slope, the grid strip is close to the one end of spout is installed on the bottom surface of advancing the fish mouth, and the other end scatters and is fan-shaped fixing on the first mesh baffle, and the fish that flows from the spout is carried and is raised temporarily in the pond through hierarchical grid, and the little fish that the volume is less drops to first district of raising temporarily in the clearance between the grid strip, and the landing of big fish is raised temporarily to the second on hierarchical grid, and the pond of raising temporarily disposes and inhales fish valve, immersible pump.

Furthermore, each escape-proof cage is composed of an escape-proof cage outer frame and a horn-shaped escape-proof mesh enclosure arranged in the escape-proof cage outer frame, and the width of the rear end opening of the escape-proof mesh enclosure is adjustable.

Furthermore, the upper end and the lower end of the outer frame of the escape-proof cage are respectively provided with a bolt and a bolt seat, and the two adjacent escape-proof cages are matched with each other through the bolt and the bolt seat to be movably connected.

Furthermore, at least one group of opposite sides of the inner wall of the vertical shaft is provided with a vertical guide rail;

the fish collecting box is provided with an upper horizontal frame and a lower horizontal frame which are fixedly connected through a supporting truss, guide wheels which are in rolling friction contact with the vertical guide rails are installed on the upper horizontal frame and the lower horizontal frame, part of the guide wheels of the upper horizontal frame are fixed on the upper rectangular frame through an installation inclined frame, the height of the guide wheels on the installation inclined frame is higher than that of the upper horizontal frame, and lifting lugs are further fixed on the upper horizontal frame.

Furthermore, a brush is fixed on the outer side of each edge of the upper horizontal frame and is in contact with the inner wall of the vertical shaft.

Furthermore, the fish collecting groove is formed by splicing a plurality of hard screen plates, the water storage hopper is a water tank with an opening at the top, and a flushing device is arranged in the water storage hopper.

Furthermore, the chute is obliquely connected between the water storage bucket and the classification temporary culture pond, and the height of one side of the chute, which is close to the classification temporary culture pond, is lower;

the bottom plate of the sliding groove is provided with a plurality of groups of guiding devices distributed along the fish conveying direction, each group of guiding devices is provided with a plurality of separating strips, and the spacing of the separating strips of each group of guiding devices gradually increases in the fish conveying direction.

Further, a counting device is arranged above the sliding grooves at the downstream of the plurality of groups of guide devices, and the counting device comprises a light curtain counting sensor and a camera.

Furthermore, a row of first distance adjusting jacks are arranged at a fish inlet of the classified temporary rearing pond, a row of second distance adjusting jacks are arranged on the first mesh baffle, the front end and the rear end of each grid strip are respectively inserted into the first distance adjusting jacks and the second distance adjusting jacks, and the total number of the grid strips is less than or equal to the number of the first distance adjusting jacks and the second distance adjusting jacks.

Furthermore, a row of water spraying nozzles for spraying water to the grading grids are formed in the inner wall of the temporary rearing pond below the fish inlet.

Furthermore, a plurality of second mesh baffles are erected on the bottom plate of the classification temporary rearing pond in the first temporary rearing area, the second mesh baffles are distributed under the grading grids along the fish transportation direction, and the second mesh baffles further divide the first temporary rearing area into a plurality of independent third temporary rearing areas.

Furthermore, the bottom plate of the temporary culture pond is an inclined plane, a fish outlet connected with the fish sucking valve is formed in the side wall of the second temporary culture zone at the lower side of the temporary culture pond, and a communicating valve connected with the second temporary culture zone is arranged in the first temporary culture zone or each third temporary culture zone.

Meanwhile, the invention also provides a method for helping the migration fishes to go upwards to pass through the dam based on the fish collecting and transporting system, which comprises the following steps:

the downstream migratory fishes pass through the escape-proof cage to enter the vertical shaft in a counter-current manner;

lifting a fish collecting box of a vertical shaft sinking in water away from the water surface, enabling fish in the fish collecting box to slide into a water storage hopper at the bottom of a fish collecting groove, and then connecting the water storage hopper at the bottom of the fish collecting box with a sliding groove on a dam;

opening the gate valve, enabling fish water in the water storage bucket to flow into the sliding chute, conveying the fish flowing out of the sliding chute into the temporary culture pond through the grading grids, enabling small fish to fall into the first temporary culture area from gaps among the grid strips, and enabling large fish to slide on the grading grids to the second temporary culture area;

transporting the fish in each temporary rearing area to an upstream water area.

The invention can help migratory fishes to go upward to pass through the dam, and has the following advantages:

(1) the design of the horn mouth with narrow front and wide back of the escape-proof cage ensures that the fish can only move upstream into the vertical shaft;

(2) the lifting fish collection box in the vertical shaft can lift the vertical shaft and temporarily raise the fish in the pool through a chute transfer groove on a dam working platform, the lifting fish collection box is provided with a horn-shaped fish collection groove with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, a water storage hopper is arranged at an opening at the bottom of the fish collection groove, water is contained in the water storage hopper, and the fish is in the water storage hopper in the process that the lifting fish collection box is lifted away from the water surface, so that the survival rate of the fish is improved;

(3) the chute is provided with a guiding device, and the conveyed fishes are guided and counted by the counting device, so that the quantity of the fishes can be counted conveniently;

(4) the temporary rearing pond is internally provided with a grading grid which can be classified according to the size of fish and respectively temporarily reared in different areas. The fish can be conveniently separated and treated according to the size of the fish.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an overall system for assisting migratory fish to move up a dam according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the present invention providing system;

FIG. 3 is a partial top view of the dam illustrating a view of the location of the migration shaft and the hoistway;

FIG. 4a is a perspective view of an anti-escape cage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4b is a rear view of the anti-escape cage;

FIG. 4c is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 4 b;

FIG. 4d is a schematic view of the main frame of the anti-escape cage;

FIG. 4e is a schematic view of the main frame of the anti-escape mesh enclosure;

FIG. 5a is a perspective view of the embodiment of lifting the fish collection box;

FIG. 5b is a left side view of the fish collection box;

FIG. 5c is a front view of the fish collection box;

FIG. 5d is a top view of the fish collection box;

6a-6b are side and top views of a chute according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6c is a top view of an embodiment with 3 sets of guides in sections in the upstream and downstream directions of the chute;

FIG. 6d is a perspective view of the temporary rearing pond in one embodiment;

FIG. 6e shows an embodiment of the present invention, wherein two baffles are erected in the first temporary holding area to further divide the first temporary holding area into 3 third temporary holding areas;

FIG. 6f is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein baffles are erected on both sides of the classifying grid and a row of water spraying nozzles is installed to spray water to the classifying grid;

fig. 6g-6h show top views of the grid bars of the grading grid at two different pitches, respectively.

Detailed Description

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, however, the invention is capable of other embodiments in addition to those detailed.

The invention provides a system for helping migratory fishes to go upwards and pass through a dam,

a migration channel well 201 is arranged on one side, close to the downstream, of the reservoir dam 200, the migration channel well 201 is communicated with a downstream water area, a vertical well 202 is arranged on one side, close to the upstream, of the migration channel well 201, the vertical well 202 is connected with a water outlet of the dam, a plurality of escape-proof cages 100 are longitudinally arranged in the migration channel well 201, each escape-proof cage 100 is provided with a horn-shaped opening, the width of the front end, close to the upstream opening, of each horn-shaped opening is smaller, and the width of the rear end, close to the downstream opening, of each;

a lifting fish collecting box 300 is arranged in the vertical shaft 202, the lifting fish collecting box 300 can sink into the water in the vertical shaft 202 and can be lifted away from and float out of the water surface, the lifting fish collecting box 300 is provided with a funnel-shaped net fish collecting groove 308 which is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, a water storage hopper 309 is arranged at the bottom opening of the fish collecting groove 308, the water storage hopper 309 is provided with a gate valve 304 which is used for being connected with a chute 410 matched with a dam, and an all-in-one fish luring device 302 is arranged right above the fish collecting groove 308;

the other end of the chute 410 is connected with a classification temporary rearing pond 420, the upper side wall of one side of the temporary rearing pond 420 is provided with a fish inlet 429 connected with a fish outlet at the other end of the chute 420, the classification temporary rearing pond 420 is divided into two temporary rearing areas 421 and 422 by a first mesh baffle 428, a classification grid 430 is installed in the temporary rearing pond 420, the classification grid 430 is provided with grid bars 431 with the front end inclined downwards, one end of each grid bar 431, which is close to the chute, is installed on the bottom surface of the fish inlet 429, the other end of each grid bar is dispersed and fixed on the first mesh baffle 428 in a fan shape, fish flowing out of the chute 410 are conveyed into the temporary rearing pond 420 through the classification grid 430, small fish with small volume fall into the first temporary rearing area 421 from gaps between the grid bars, big fish slide onto the second temporary rearing area 422 on the classification grid, and the temporary rearing pond 420 is provided with a fish sucking valve 423, a submersible pump 427 and an.

As shown in fig. 4a-4e, the anti-escape cage is further described below:

two parallel first horizontal frames 101 and 106 are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the escape-proof cage 100, the two first horizontal frames 101 and 106 are fixedly connected through a supporting vertical frame, a barrier net fixed between the two first horizontal frames is arranged on the escape-proof cage 100 close to the upstream, and an opening with adjustable width is reserved in the middle of the barrier net; the first horizontal frame is internally provided with a horn-shaped escape-proof mesh enclosure, the front end opening of the escape-proof mesh enclosure close to the upstream is smaller than the rear end opening, and the front end opening of the escape-proof mesh enclosure is connected with the opening of the blocking net.

In an alternative embodiment, the first horizontal frames 101 and 106 are rectangular frames, and the vertical support frame includes a main vertical support frame 109 connecting two sides of the upper and lower rectangular frames together, and two longitudinal brackets 110 for connecting front corners of the upper and lower first horizontal frames 101 and 106. The two main supporting vertical frames 109 are connected by a connecting truss 107 in a reinforced way. The barrier net is fixed between two front edges close to the upstream of the upper and lower first horizontal frames 101 and 106, two cross frames 111 parallel to the front edges are further arranged between the two rectangular frames, and the barrier net is composed of an upper barrier net 102 fixed between the upper cross frame 111 and the front edge of the upper rectangular frame, a lower barrier net 105 fixed between the lower cross frame 111 and the front edge of the lower rectangular frame, and a middle barrier net 104 with an adjustable opening 115 fixed between the two cross frames 111.

In an alternative embodiment, vertical guide rails are arranged on the inner wall of the migration passage well 201, and a rubber sliding block 109a in rolling friction contact with the vertical guide rails is arranged on the frame of the escape-proof cage 100 to play a limiting role.

In an alternative embodiment, the escape guard is provided with two trapezoidal guard frames 120 that are horizontally rotatable. As further shown in fig. 5, the two ends of the rear sides of the upper and lower rectangular frames are respectively provided with a rotating seat 113, 114 is arranged on the rotating seats, a vertical frame 121 at the rear end of the mesh enclosure frame is rotatably connected in 114 of the upper and lower rectangular frames 113, and a vertical frame 122 at the front end is fixed between the two transverse frames 111 through a screw 123; at least one cross frame 111 is provided with a row of set screw holes 111 a. By this design, we can adjust the width of the front opening of the screen frame 120 and adaptively connect with the central opening 115 of the middle barrier 104.

As shown in fig. 4-5, a rigid perforated plate 124 is fixed in the area enclosed by each mesh enclosure frame, and a flexible mesh 125 is connected between two oblique sides of the upper side and two oblique sides of the lower side of the two trapezoidal mesh enclosure frames. Since the two mesh enclosure frames can horizontally rotate, in order to rotate the mesh enclosure frame 120 without affecting the integrity of the escape-proof mesh enclosure, the upper and lower oblique edges of the two mesh enclosure frames 120 are connected by the flexible mesh 125, so that fish escape is avoided and the mesh enclosure frame 120 can be freely rotated.

In an alternative embodiment, the upper and lower nets 102, 105 are rigid perforated plates or rigid netting, and the middle net 104 is made of left and right netting (rigid or flexible netting) with adjustable spacing.

It should be noted that, in practical applications, the opening at the front end of the escape-proof cage 100 may be set to have an opening width that is not adjustable, and accordingly, both the blocking net at the front end of the escape-proof cage 100 and the net cover on the net cover frame 120 may be set to be rigid, thereby facilitating installation.

In an alternative embodiment, one end of the main supporting vertical frame 109 is provided with a pin seat 112, the other end is provided with a pin 108, the pin seat 112 and the pin 108 are both provided with pin holes, the upper and lower anti-escape cages 100 are connected through the pin structure of the main supporting vertical frame 109, and the joint where the upper and lower anti-escape cages 100 are connected can rotate, so that the whole device has certain flexibility, and is convenient for people to sink and lift. In the actual installation process, the anti-escape cages 100 connected together in a chain manner are placed into the migration passage well 201 in a hoisting manner, and sink for a certain width after one anti-escape cage 100 is installed, and then one anti-escape cage 100 is installed on the uppermost surface until the anti-escape cage 100 sinks to the bottom. The joint of the upper and lower adjacent escape-proof cages 100 can rotate, so that when people hang off the water surface, the integrated escape-proof cages 100 have certain flexibility, and the bending caused by overlong length is avoided.

The migration prevention cage 100 is placed in the migration passage well, fishes are driven to flow upwards in a countercurrent mode under the driving of migration habits, penetrate through the migration prevention cage and enter the vertical shaft, and the migration of the fishes can be avoided due to the design of the horn mouth which is narrow in the front and wide in the back of the migration prevention cage. In addition, the opening width of the escape-proof cage is adjustable, so that the proper opening width can be conveniently selected according to the size of the fish body, and the fish can be prevented from swimming back as far as possible while the upstream of the fish is not influenced.

As shown in fig. 5a-5d, the following further description of the lifting fish collection box:

at least one group of opposite edges of the inner wall of the shaft 202 are provided with vertical guide rails, and the fish collection box is arranged in the shaft 202 in a lifting manner; the fish collection box is provided with a horizontal main frame 305, at least one pair of sides of the main frame 305 are provided with guide wheels 303 which are in rolling friction contact with guide rails, a funnel-shaped fish collection groove 308 is fixed in the middle of the main frame 305, the fish collection groove 308 is formed by splicing a plurality of mesh plates, a water storage hopper 309 is installed at an opening at the bottom of the fish collection groove 308, the bottom of the water storage hopper 309 is connected with a fish conveying pipeline 311 through a gate valve 304, and at least one group of fish luring devices 302 which are positioned above the fish collection groove 308 are installed on the main frame 305.

In an alternative embodiment, brushes 306 are attached to each side of the main frame 305 and contact the interior walls of the shaft 202. When the fish collection box is lifted, organisms and moss attached to the inner wall of the vertical shaft 202 can be scraped off through the brush 306, and the function of cleaning the vertical shaft 202 is achieved.

In an alternative embodiment, the main frame 305 is composed of two parallel upper and lower rectangular frames 305a and 305b, the two upper and lower rectangular frames 305a and 305b are fixedly connected by a supporting truss 305c, and a guide wheel 303 matched with a guide rail in the shaft 202 is arranged on each side of the two upper and lower rectangular frames. Preferably, the four sides of the upper and lower rectangular frames are each mounted with a guide wheel 303 in rolling frictional contact with the guide rail, a part of the guide wheel 303 of the upper rectangular frame is fixed on the upper rectangular frame 305a by a mounting ramp 301, and the height of the guide wheel 303 on the mounting ramp 301 is higher than that of the upper rectangular frame. As can be seen from the figure, the arrangement positions of the upper sliding wheels are optimized, and the original side arrangement is changed into the upward movement of the arrangement positions of 4 sliding wheels, so that the central moment torque of the upper and lower wheels is increased, and the anti-rollover capacity is improved.

In an alternative embodiment, two sets of stainless steel fish-luring device supports 305d are connected between one set of opposite sides of the upper rectangular frame, and a set of fish-luring devices 302 is fixed on each set of fish-luring device supports 305 d. The fish luring device 302 needs to be securely and firmly mounted; the joint of the power line is subjected to waterproof treatment, and the outside is protected by a flexible hose.

In an alternative embodiment, the fish luring device 302 includes underwater fish luring lights and/or a feeder. Preferably, the underwater fish luring lamp is installed in a place which is not easily damaged by the outside, the installation position does not influence the operation of field equipment and the normal work of personnel, and the irradiation direction of the underwater fish luring lamp can be flexibly adjusted. The feeder mainly comprises a storage bin, a screw transmission motor, a throwing disc, a control box and the like, and can automatically and continuously feed baits into the fish collecting groove 308; the feeder can set time, is opened and closed at regular time, can be controlled remotely, and can adjust the feeding speed.

The steel punching plate is arranged and extended to the bottom outlet, so that the adsorption plane of some sucking disc fishes is reduced, and the fishes can more easily flow out of the fish collection box and enter the water storage hopper 309 under the impact of water flow. The position of the water storage bucket 309 is arranged to be close to the middle of the whole box body, so that the gravity center of the whole box body is centered under the condition of accumulated water, and the stability in the lifting process is improved. The water-facing area of the punching plate of the fish collection box facing the water flow direction is reduced as much as possible, so that the impact force of the water flow on the box body can be reduced. In the arrangement of the perforated plate, the fish is guided to the side of the water storage hopper 309 close to the water outlet hole, so that water can be accumulated at the rear side of the fish school, and the fish can be washed out more conveniently when water is drained. In addition, the water storage bucket 309 is also provided with a flushing device, one end of a flushing pipeline of the flushing device is connected in the water storage bucket 309 and used for pumping water to flush the water storage bucket 309, on one hand, fish which does not flow out of the water storage bucket 309 is flushed into the fish conveying pipeline 311, and on the other hand, the water storage bucket 309 is simply flushed and cleaned.

Preferably, the water storage hopper 309 is a water tank without a cover plate at the top; considering that the area of the bottom of the water storage hopper is large, and the resistance of the fish collection box when the fish collection box sinks in water is large, a flap valve which is opened upwards in one direction is arranged on a bottom plate, and when the fish collection box sinks in water, the flap valve is opened upwards to reduce the resistance from water in the sinking process, so that the fish collection box sinks more quickly and stably at a constant speed. After the fish collection box is lifted off the water surface, the flap valve automatically closes under the gravity of the water to store the water in the water storage hopper 309. Wherein, a flap door hole is arranged on the bottom plate of the water storage bucket 309, a hinge is arranged on one side of the flap door hole, and one side of the flap door is fixedly connected with the hinge. In order to guarantee sealing, the side edge of the flap valve is provided with the sealing strip, so that the phenomenon that water in the water storage bucket flows out too much when the flap valve leaves water for too long time is avoided, and the survival of fish in the water storage bucket is influenced.

In an alternative embodiment, a lifting crane for lifting and controlling the fish collection box is arranged on the working platform of the reservoir dam, and a lifting rope of the lifting crane is connected to the lifting lug 310 of the main frame 305 through a hook.

The lifting crane descends the fish collecting box to the preset height of the lifting shaft through the lifting rope, and the fish collecting box is located below the water surface. The fish attracting device 302 is turned on to attract fish, and fish school is attracted by light or feed and flows down to the area enclosed by the main frame 305. When the opportunity is ripe, the lifting crane lifts the fish collecting box vertically until leaving the water surface, under the action of gravity, the shoal of fish slides into the water storage hopper 309 at the bottom of the fish collecting groove 308, a certain amount of water is stored in the water storage hopper 309, so that the shoal of fish is prevented from being extruded and injured mutually, meanwhile, the survival time of the fish when leaving the water can be prolonged, and the shoal of fish can be temporarily kept in the water storage hopper 309. After the fish transporting pipeline is connected with the gate valve 304 at the bottom of the water storage hopper 309, the gate valve 304 is opened, and the water and the fish stored in the water storage hopper 309 slide down to the fish transporting pipeline 311 under the action of gravity. The other end of the fish conveying pipeline can be connected with a water storage area of the dam, and fish schools are conveyed to the water storage area on the other side of the dam to help the fish schools to cross the reservoir dam; alternatively, the other end of the fish conveying pipeline can also be directly connected with a transport vehicle, so that the collected fish can be temporarily processed or transported conveniently. Finally the flushing line is opened to clean the water reservoir 309.

Referring to fig. 6a-6h, the chute and the sorting temporary rearing pond are further explained as follows:

the chute 410 is an obliquely arranged transport channel, which is provided with a counting device 412. In an alternative embodiment, shown in fig. 6a-6b, the chute 410 is fixed on the ground by a support, the bottom of the support is provided with universal wheels 413 to facilitate the movement and assembly of the chute 410, and the chute 410 is provided with a ladder 411 to facilitate the crossing of the chute 410.

In an alternative embodiment, on the upper surface of the bottom plate of the chute 410 and upstream of the counting device 412, a plurality of sets of guides are arranged, distributed along the fish conveying direction, each set of guides having a plurality of bars 417 coinciding with the conveying direction, the spacing of the bars of each set of guides being progressively decreasing in the fish conveying direction. Fig. 6c shows that 3 sets of guides 414, 415, 416 are provided on the floor of the chute 410, the arrows being the direction of transport of the fish in the chute 410. Fish are when spout 410 transmits, and the array orientation of fish differs, and some fishes can overlap together from top to bottom even, and this accuracy that can influence the counting of counting device is given, therefore we set up multiunit guider on the spout 410 bottom plate on counting device upper reaches, and the fish of various directions can be corrected to unified orientation when the guider is passed through, and the direction can effectively be avoided many fishes to overlap together simultaneously. Because the difference of the volumes of partial fishes is large, if the spacing between the separation strips of the guide device is too large, the guide device cannot guide the small fishes; if the spacing between the division bars of the guiding device is too small, the guiding effect on the large fish is limited, the fish water transmission efficiency is reduced, and the damage to the fish is increased to a certain extent by too many division bars. Therefore, by considering the above factors together, the separation bars 417 of the upstream guide device of the present invention have a large pitch, and the separation bars 417 of the downstream guide device have a small pitch, which better solves the above problems. The counting device comprises a light curtain counting sensor and a camera which are arranged right above the chute 410. The light curtain counting sensor generates a protective light curtain by emitting infrared rays, and when the light curtain is shielded by fish, the device sends out a shading signal, so that the technology is realized; the camera realizes counting and recording of fish species based on the mechanism of image recognition.

As shown in fig. 6d, a fish inlet 429 is formed at one side of the temporary rearing pond 420, the fish inlet 429 is connected with an outlet of the chute 410, the temporary rearing pond 420 is divided into a first temporary rearing area 421 and a second temporary rearing area 422 by a first mesh baffle 428, the temporary rearing pond 420 is provided with a fish sucking valve 423, a submersible pump 427 and an oxygenation device 424, and water sucked by the submersible pump 427 is delivered to the temporary rearing pond 420 through a water discharge pipe 427 a. The grading grid 430 is installed in the temporary rearing pond 420, the grading grid 430 is provided with a plurality of grid strips 431 with the front ends (namely, the ends far away from the fish inlet 429) inclined downwards, one ends, close to the sliding grooves 410, of the grid strips 431 are installed on the inner wall of the bottom surface of the fish inlet 429, the other ends of the grid strips are scattered and fixed on the first mesh baffle 428 in a fan shape, the fish flowing out of the sliding grooves 410 are conveyed into the temporary rearing pond 420 through the grading grid 430, the small fish fall into the first temporary rearing area 421 from the gaps among the grid strips 431, and the large fish fall onto the second temporary rearing area 422 on the grading grid 430.

In an optional embodiment, a row of first distance adjusting insertion holes are formed in the bottom surface of the fish inlet 429, a row of second distance adjusting insertion holes are formed in the first mesh baffle 428, two ends of each grid 431 are inserted into the first distance adjusting insertion holes and the second distance adjusting insertion holes respectively, the total number of the grid 431 is smaller than or equal to the number of the first distance adjusting insertion holes and/or the number of the second distance adjusting insertion holes, a proper number of grid 431 are selected to be installed according to actual requirements, the distance between the grid 431 can be adjusted, and the volume of small fish falling into the first temporary rearing area 421 is controlled. Fig. 6g-6h show top views of the grating bars 431 of the grading grating 430 in two different numbers in two embodiments, the spacing of the grating bars 431 of fig. 6h being significantly increased compared to the spacing of the grating bars 431 of fig. 6g, whereby the size of the fish falling into the first and second temporary rearing zones can be controlled.

In an optional embodiment, a plurality of mesh plates distributed in the front and back are erected on the bottom plate of the temporary rearing pond of the first temporary rearing area 421, each mesh plate is positioned under the grading grid, and the mesh plates further divide the first temporary rearing area into a plurality of independent third temporary rearing areas. As can be seen in fig. 6e, the distance between the grating strips 431 of the grading grating 430 is larger the further they are from the fish inlet 429 of the temporary rearing pond 420. 2 net plates 428a and 428b are erected in the first temporary rearing area 421, and the first temporary rearing area 421 is further divided into 3 third temporary rearing areas 4211, 4212 and 4213. Fishes with various sizes are sequentially dropped into the temporary rearing areas 4213, 4212 and 4211 through the grading grids 430, so that the fishes are classified according to the sizes and are separately temporarily reared. The fish with the largest volume cannot fall through the gaps between the grating strips 431 and therefore continue to slide forward into the second temporary holding area 422.

In an alternative embodiment, the bottom plate of the temporary rearing pond 420 is an inclined plane, and a fish outlet connected with the fish sucking valve 423 is formed on the side wall of the lower side of the temporary rearing pond. The slope design at the bottom of the temporary rearing pond 420 can facilitate the subsequent more thorough discharge of the fish in the temporary rearing pond 420. The first temporary rearing area 421 or each of the third temporary rearing areas is provided with a communicating valve connected to the second temporary rearing area 422. At ordinary times, the valve is in a closed state, if the fishes in each temporary culture area do not need to be transported respectively, all the communication valves can be opened simultaneously, then the fish sucking valve 423 is opened, the fishes in the first temporary culture area 421 or each third temporary culture area are discharged through the second temporary culture area 422, and the fishes in the temporary culture pond 420 are transported out indiscriminately. If we need to transfer the fishes in the second temporary culture area 422 and the first temporary culture area 421 in batches, we directly open the fish sucking valve 423 to transfer the big fishes in the second temporary culture area 422, and in the process, water is supplied to the temporary culture pond 420 through the submersible pump 427 to ensure that the fishes in the first temporary culture area 421 survive. And then, sequentially opening the communicating valves connected with the second temporary culture areas in each third temporary culture area, and sequentially transferring the temporary culture areas.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 6f, a row of water spraying ports 432 spraying water to the grading grid 430 is formed in the inner wall of the temporary rearing pond 420 below the fish inlet 429, so that fish clamped between the grid bars 431 can be flushed down, the fish can be prevented from being blocked in gaps of the grid bars 431, and further damage to the fish can be reduced.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 6d, a water collecting bucket 426 is installed on the outer side wall of the temporary rearing pond 420, the water collecting bucket is communicated with the temporary rearing pond 420, two overflow devices are arranged in the water collecting bucket 426, and the heights of the overflow ports of the two overflow devices are different. Through two overflow devices of the water collecting bucket, the proper liquid level of the temporary rearing pond 420 can be selected according to the scene. When the sliding groove 410 is used for placing the fish, the water level of the temporary rearing pond 420 needs to be kept a certain distance lower than the grading grid 430, so that the falling of the fish is prevented from being influenced by the overhigh water level. When the chute 410 finishes putting the fish, the water level of the temporary rearing pond 420 can be maintained at a relatively high level to increase the living space of the fish. The left and right sides of grading grid 430 are provided with vertical baffles 434 for fish can only slide forward through grid 431, avoid the fish not graded from both sides dropping.

In an optional embodiment, a water quality detection device 425 is arranged in the temporary rearing pond 420, the water quality detection device is connected with an alarm device, the water quality detection device detects other water quality parameters which influence the survival of fishes, such as oxygen content and the like, and once the water quality parameters exceed an alarm threshold value, an alarm is started in time to notify maintenance personnel.

The implementation steps of the invention are as follows:

preparation work: the escape-preventing cage 100 is placed in the migration passage well 201, the lifting crane 330 lowers the fish collection box 300 to a predetermined depth of the shaft 202 by a lifting rope, and the fish collection box 300 is located below the water surface.

The fishes are driven to flow upwards in a reverse direction by migration habits, pass through the escape-proof cage and enter the vertical shaft 202, and the narrow front part and the wide rear part of the escape-proof cage are designed to prevent the fishes from swimming back. Preferably, a fish blocking electrode is arranged at a water drainage port connected with the vertical shaft 202, and a weak electric field is generated after the fish blocking electrode is electrified, so that fish clusters are concentrated in the vertical shaft 202, and the concentrated treatment is facilitated. The opening width of the escape-proof cage is adjustable, so that the proper opening width can be conveniently selected according to the size of the fish body, and the fish can be prevented from swimming back as far as possible while the upstream of the fish is not influenced.

The fish attracting device 302 is turned on to attract fish, and fish school is attracted by light or feed and flows down to the area enclosed by the main frame 305. When the opportunity is ripe, the lifting crane 330 vertically lifts the fish collecting box 300 until the fish collecting box leaves the water surface, under the action of gravity, fish schools slide down to the water storage hopper 309 at the bottom of the fish collecting groove 308, a certain amount of water is stored in the water storage hopper 309, the fish schools are prevented from being extruded and injured by each other, meanwhile, the survival time of the fish when the fish leaves the water can be prolonged, and the fish schools can be temporarily cultured in the water storage hopper 309. After the fish collecting box 300 reaches a given height from the bottom, the fish conveying pipeline 311 is connected with the gate valve 304 at the bottom of the water storage hopper 309, then the gate valve 304 is opened, and the water and the fish stored in the water storage hopper 309 slide down to the fish conveying pipeline 311 under the action of gravity.

The other end of the fish conveying pipeline 311 is connected with the chute 410, and the fish can be corrected to be in a uniform direction through the guiding device on the bottom plate of the chute 410, so that the counting device can count the number conveniently. The fish flowing out of the chute 410 is then transported through the grading grid 430 to the temporary holding tank 420. The small fish having a small volume drop to the first temporary rearing area 421 from the gaps between the grating bars 431, and the large fish slide on the classifying grating 430 to the second temporary rearing area 422.

After all the fish in the water storage hopper 309 are transferred into the temporary culture pond 420, the fish collecting pipeline of the transfer vehicle 500 is connected with the fish sucking valve 423 of the temporary culture pond 420, then the fish sucking valve 423 is opened, the fish in the temporary culture pond 420 is transferred onto the transfer vehicle 500, and the transfer vehicle 500 transfers the migratory fish to an appropriate upstream water area. Transfer vehicle 500 is used to transfer migratory fish to upstream waters because: the migratory fish need a certain flow rate of water when going up in the reverse direction to help them find the right direction; however, due to the blocking effect of the reservoir dam 200, the water flow near the impoundment area of the reservoir dam 200 is slow, and if the fish directly enters the impoundment area, the direction of the migratory fish cannot be found. Therefore, the transfer vehicle 500 is adopted to transfer the migratory fish into an upstream water area with proper flow velocity in a centralized manner, and the condition that the fish loses direction due to too low water velocity in the process of upstream flowing is avoided.

The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, in that devices and structures not described in detail are understood to be implemented in a manner common in the art; those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the spirit of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.

Claims (13)

1. A fish gathering and transporting system for helping migratory fishes to go upwards through a dam is characterized in that,

a migration channel well is arranged on one side, close to the downstream, of a reservoir dam, the migration channel well is communicated with a downstream water area, a vertical well is arranged on one side, close to the upstream, of the migration channel well, the vertical well is connected with a water outlet of the dam, a plurality of escape-proof cages are longitudinally arranged in the migration channel well, each escape-proof cage is provided with a horn-shaped opening, the width of the front end, close to the upstream opening, of each horn-shaped opening is smaller, and the width of the rear end, close to the downstream opening, of each horn;

the fish attracting device comprises a vertical shaft, a lifting fish collecting box, a water collecting bucket, a fish attracting device and a fish attracting device, wherein the lifting fish collecting box is arranged in the vertical shaft, can sink into water in the vertical shaft and can be lifted away from and float out of the water surface, the lifting fish collecting box is provided with a funnel-shaped net fish collecting groove with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, a water storing bucket is arranged at an opening at the bottom of the fish collecting groove, the water storing bucket is provided with a gate valve used for being connected with a matched sliding groove on a dam, and the all-in-one;

the spout other end links to each other with categorised pond of raising temporarily, the upper portion lateral wall of raising temporarily pond one side seted up with the spout other end goes out the fish mouth that links to each other and advances the fish mouth, categorised pond of raising temporarily is divided into two by first mesh baffle and raises temporarily the district install hierarchical grid in the pond, hierarchical grid is provided with the decurrent grid strip of front end slope, the grid strip is close to the one end of spout is installed on the bottom surface of advancing the fish mouth, and the other end scatters and is fan-shaped to be fixed on the first mesh baffle, and the fish that flows from the spout is carried and is raised temporarily in the pond through hierarchical grid, and the little fish that the volume is less drops to first district of raising temporarily in the clearance between the grid strip, and the landing of big fish is raised temporarily to the second on hierarchical grid, it disposes and inhales fish valve, immersible pump and oxygenation device to.

2. The fish gathering system as set forth in claim 1, wherein each escape prevention cage is composed of an escape prevention cage outer frame and a trumpet-shaped escape prevention net installed inside the escape prevention cage outer frame, and a rear end opening width of the escape prevention net is adjustable.

3. The fish gathering system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer frame of the escape-proof cage is provided at upper and lower ends thereof with pins and pin seats, respectively, and two adjacent escape-proof cages are movably connected to each other by the pins and the pin seats.

4. A fish assembly system as claimed in claim 1, wherein vertical guide rails are provided on at least one set of opposite sides of the shaft interior wall;

the fish collecting box is provided with an upper horizontal frame and a lower horizontal frame which are fixedly connected through a supporting truss, guide wheels which are in rolling friction contact with the vertical guide rails are installed on the upper horizontal frame and the lower horizontal frame, part of the guide wheels of the upper horizontal frame are fixed on the upper rectangular frame through an installation inclined frame, the height of the guide wheels on the installation inclined frame is higher than that of the upper horizontal frame, and lifting lugs are further fixed on the upper horizontal frame.

5. The fish gathering system as recited in claim 4, wherein brushes are fixed to the outside of each side of the upper horizontal frame, said brushes contacting the inner wall of the shaft.

6. A fish gathering system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fish gathering tank is formed by joining a plurality of rigid net panels, and the water storage tank is a tank having an open top and provided with a flushing means.

7. The system for transporting fishes as set forth in claim 1, wherein the chute is connected obliquely between the water holding hopper and the classification temporary rearing pond, and the height of the chute is lower at a side close to the classification temporary rearing pond;

the bottom plate of the sliding groove is provided with a plurality of groups of guiding devices distributed along the fish conveying direction, each group of guiding devices is provided with a plurality of separating strips, and the spacing of the separating strips of each group of guiding devices gradually increases in the fish conveying direction.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein a counting device is disposed over the chute downstream of the plurality of sets of guides, the counting device comprising a light curtain counting sensor and a camera.

9. The fish gathering and transporting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a row of first distance adjusting jacks are provided at the fish inlet of the sorting temporary rearing pond, a row of second distance adjusting jacks are provided on the first mesh baffle, the front and rear ends of each grid strip are respectively inserted into the first distance adjusting jacks and the second distance adjusting jacks, and the total number of the grid strips is less than or equal to the number of the first distance adjusting jacks and the second distance adjusting jacks.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein a row of water jets is formed on the inner wall of the temporary holding tank below the fish inlet to spray water to the stepped grating.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of second mesh baffles are erected on the bottom plate of the classification temporary rearing pond in the first temporary rearing area, the second mesh baffles are distributed right below the grading grid in the fish transporting direction, and the first temporary rearing area is further divided into a plurality of independent third temporary rearing areas by the second mesh baffles.

12. The system for transporting fishes as claimed in claim 11, wherein the bottom plate of the temporary rearing pond is an inclined plane, the side wall of the second temporary rearing area at the lower side of the temporary rearing pond is provided with a fish outlet connected to said fish sucking valve, and the first temporary rearing area or each of the third temporary rearing areas is provided with a communicating valve connected to the second temporary rearing area.

13. A method for assisting migration fishes to go up and pass through a dam based on the fish gathering and transporting system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12,

the downstream migratory fishes pass through the escape-proof cage to enter the vertical shaft in a counter-current manner;

lifting a fish collecting box of a vertical shaft sinking in water away from the water surface, enabling fish in the fish collecting box to slide into a water storage hopper at the bottom of a fish collecting groove, and then connecting the water storage hopper at the bottom of the fish collecting box with a sliding groove on a dam;

opening the gate valve, enabling fish water in the water storage bucket to flow into the sliding chute, conveying the fish flowing out of the sliding chute into the temporary culture pond through the grading grids, enabling small fish to fall into the first temporary culture area from gaps among the grid strips, and enabling large fish to slide on the grading grids to the second temporary culture area;

transporting the fish in each temporary rearing area to an upstream water area.

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