CN1119085C - Urea-containing protein feed and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to protein feed which uses the following proportion by weight: 10 to 20 wt% of urea and 50 to 70 wt% of starch as breeding raw materials. If necessary, the protein feed comprises the following proportion by weight: 4 to 6 wt% of potassium sulfate, 10 to 35 wt% of protein breeding raw materials and 4 to 6 wt% of breeding raw materials containing unknown growth factors according to the present invention also provides a method for producing the protein feed containing the urea. Compared with the conventional feed which is provided by soybean dregs and has the same protein contents, dairy cows which eat feed containing the breeding raw materials of the present invention can greatly improve cream percentage composition and milk yield; compared with the conventional feed which does not contain the breeding raw materials of the present invention, meat cattle which eats the feed of the present invention can also greatly improve efficiency and growth rate.

Description

The protein feeds and the production method thereof that contain urea

The method that the present invention relates to a kind of protein feeds and produce this feed is more specifically said so about a kind of protein feeds of urea and starch and a kind of method of producing this feed of containing.

Ruminant (for example ox and sheep) has a kind of characteristic that microprotein synthesizes nonprotein nitrogen compound (for example urea) in its ruminant stomach of utilizing, thereby can use this compound as protein.Though the urea as the nonprotein nitrogen compound has the shortcoming that calorie, minerals and vitamins can not be provided, because it contains the high protein equivalent, it can become a kind of good protein source.Therefore, compared by the situation that expensive plant animal protein feed (as being extracted from big bean dregs, cottonseed slag, fish meal, digested tankage, bone meal and blood meal) provides with the desirable proteins quality, the most handy certain amount of urea substitutes the required albumen quality of ruminant.

Yet above-mentioned urea can cause a kind of dissolution phenomena excessively in stomach of ruminants, thereby can increase the concentration of ammonia greatly.Consequently, though in the synthesizer body protein, used microorganism, owing to absorbed quite a large amount of ammonia in the ruminant body, thereby exist the problem of ruminant ammonia poisoning.

Up to now, this useful but urea tool danger only is used for simple feed on a small quantity, this feed contains urea and mixed feed.At present, actively increase the research of urea availability.

For example, people have known a kind of method that can desalinate the original taste of urea, so just can be by urea being mixed mutually with clover and mixture being made the taste that particle improves urea; People also know a kind of method, this method solubilized urea and make Absorption for Urea after the dissolving on starch by urea and starch being mixed mutually extrusion molding also.

Before a kind of urea mix mutually with clover and to make the method for particle limited to the ruminant effect, particularly especially true to sharp-nosed milk cow.On the other hand, in one method of back, because the imbalance of the temperature and pressure that takes place when carrying out this method also can not be expected the absorption fully of urea.Latter event also can run into a problem, that is: owing to for boosting productivity feed is used steam, the taste of feed descends greatly.

Therefore, the problems referred to above that purpose of the present invention just is to eliminate in the previous method and is run into provide a kind of urea-containing protein feeds (it can prevent ammonia poisoning and increase its serviceability in body) and the method for producing this feed.

Carried out for achieving the above object after the research work, the present inventor finds, by supplying with required energy and other nutritional labeling of synthesized micro-organism in the cud, can improve in the cud microorganism rapidly to the synthesis of protein, and the reduction of urea dissolution velocity can prevent ammonia poisoning, thereby increases the usability of body to feed.

From the specifying of accompanying drawing, can know and see other purpose of the present invention and various aspects:

Fig. 1 is a block diagram, and the method for producing this feed according to the present invention is described.

Characteristics of the present invention are: feed contains the urea that mixes mutually with starch (as energy source and be converted into sugar), pass through subsequently the specially treated such as extrusion molding, thereby reduced its dissolution velocity and improved the protein synthesis of microorganism, according to the specification standards of national science research committee (NRC) with according to the type of ruminant using protein, be dissolved in cud and by soluble protein that rumen microorganism utilized and be insoluble to cud but in abomasum and small intestine the ratio of absorbed insoluble protein be controlled in 3: 7-4: in 6 the scope; If necessary, can add an amount of potassium sulfate or unidentified growth factor in this feed.

Urea as feed main component among the present invention will be included in this feed, accounts for by weight 10-20% (hereinafter to be referred as %). On amount, urea can provide and be equivalent to the protein content that soybean slag (its most frequently used protein feeds of doing) provides, thereby can substitute soybean. Here, urea mixes mutually with starch and is pushed subsequently, and it shows best dissolubility and adsorbability. In this case, starch also presents best gelatinized.

According to not special provision of starchy feed raw material used in the present invention, its content is preferably 50-70%. Protein is raised raw material and is comprised soybean slag, cottonseed slag, fish meal, digested tankage, bone meal and blood meal, and its content is preferably 10-35%. Feed of the present invention preferably also will add the raising raw material that contains UGF of appropriate amount.

Can be more readily understood the present invention referring to following examples.Yet these embodiment are intended to illustrate the present invention, and not being considered as is restriction range of application of the present invention.

Feed prepares embodiment

* the preparation of protein feeds

Four kinds of feeds of 1-4 have been narrated following constituent according to the preparation of the process described in Fig. 1 in the table 1.

Table 1

Composition	Raise raw material (%) for first kind	Raise raw material (%) for second kind	The third raises raw material (%)	Raise raw material (%) for the 4th kind
					Urea starchy feed protein feeds UGF feed potassium sulfate	14.70 80.30 - 5.00 -	14.80 78.20 - 5.00 2.00	15.00 70.00 10.00 5.00 -	15.00 68.00 10.00 5.00 2.00

This process may further comprise the steps: grind the mixture that starch is raised the raising raw material of raw material, protein raising raw material and UGF; Urea and potassium sulfate are incorporated into mixture after the grinding; In extruder with the mixture extrusion molding; The product dry and cooling is pushed.Be squeezed under the dehydration conditions and carry out, temperature is 100-130 ℃, and pressure is 400-450 pound/square inch.

Embodiment 1

Weight, totally 50 holstein cows that age is poor, lactation is close with the output of milk, be divided into 5 respectively have 10 oxen etc. array other.According to total feed demand (TMR) mode and according to national science research committee specification standards in 1991 (be 600 kilograms of body weight, 20 kilograms of daily yieldings, the butterfat percentage composition is 4.0%), raise with different total foodstuffs for every group of ox.Raise with contrast property for a group and always mix foodstuff, wherein contain commercially available No. 3 milk cow forages, green corn feed material, brewex's grains and rice straw.No. 3 commercially available milk cow forages contain 12% big bean dregs and 1.5% digested tankage.Raise with different total mixing foodstuffs for other 4 groups, always to mix foodstuff similar but contain 1-4 number respectively and raise raw material with contrast property for it, according to every kind of the present invention raise raw material substitution contrast property always mix in the foodstuff 12% big bean dregs.The 3rd and the 4th kind total mix remove in the foodstuff contain the 3rd and the 4th kind raise the raw material, it also contains wheat bran with alternative 1.5% digested tankage and 3% cottonseed slag respectively.At 60 days duration of test by a definite date, calculate daily yielding and all butterfat percentage compositions with every group of ox, the results are shown in down tabulation 3.

Table 2

	Contrast property foodstuff	First kind of foodstuff	Second kind of foodstuff	The third foodstuff	The 4th kind of foodstuff
						Ox average weight (gram) difference farrowing in the average age back fate output of milk (kg/ days)	10 611 1.3 145 19.7	10 614 1.4 158 20.4	10 596 1.3 139 18.9	10 620 1.2 152 19.5	10 616 1.4 148 20.1

Table 3

	Contrast property foodstuff	First kind of foodstuff	Second kind of foodstuff	The third foodstuff	The 4th kind of foodstuff
						The output of milk (kg/ days) butterfat percentage compositions (%)	19.6 3.82	19.64 3.96	20.3 4.02	21.6 4.01	23.4 4.13

Embodiment 2

Weight and poultry age close totally 20 He Sitanniu, as shown in table 4ly be divided into 4 groups, every group of 5 oxen.After 60 days, calculate day feed intake and the weight that increases day by day, the results are shown in down tabulation 4 with every group of ox.

Table 4

	First kind of contrast property foodstuff	Second kind of contrast property foodstuff	First kind of foodstuff	Second kind of foodstuff
					Ox average weight (kilogram) is on average raiseeed age	5 442 11.1	5 448 11.6	5 462 12.0	5 440 11.4

According to feed aggregate demand mode with according to national science research committee beef cattle specification standards (be 460 kilograms of body weight, the weight that increases day by day is 750 kilograms) in 1991, raise with different total feeds for every group of ox.Raise with the total compound of contrast property for two groups of oxen, contain 3 kilograms of No. 2 commercially available large-scale cattle feeds, brewex's grains, hay and rice straws in the total compound of contrast property.20.7 kilograms of the total compound gross weights of contrast property wherein contain 10.8 kilograms of dries, and protein content is 11.56% in the commercially available feed.Raise with the similar total compound that contains protein and other nutritional labeling for other two groups of oxen, but contain 10% raising raw material according to the present invention to the total compound of contrast property.Every group of ox feed back by the residual feed part of collecting and weigh, from the feed gross weight, deduct this residue foodstuff part weight also with the number of every group of ox divided by the weight after deducting, just can calculate the feed food ration of every day.On the other hand, the average weight when deducting its on-test the average weight of every group every ox by from off-test the time and with 60 days divided by the weight after deducting, calculate the gain in weight of every day.The results are shown in the following table 5.

Table 5

	First kind of commercially available foodstuff	Second kind of commercially available foodstuff	First kind of foodstuff	Second kind of foodstuff
					Feed intake (kg/day) gain in weight (gram/sky)	20.4 770	20.6 782	20.1 811	19.7 809

Explanation by embodiment can be clear that, uses by big bean dregs and provides the conventional feed breeding milk cow of same protein content can improve the butterfat percentage composition and the output of milk greatly with containing feed ratio that the present invention raises raw material; Equally, edible this feed of beef cattle does not contain the conventional feed that the present invention raises raw material and compares with edible, can raise the efficiency greatly and rate of body weight gain yet.

Claims (3)

1. protein feeds, this raising contains 10%～20% (weight) urea, and 50%～70% (weight) starch is raised raw material, and the protein of 10%～35% (weight) is raised the raising raw material that raw material and 5% (weight) contains UGF.

2. according to the protein feeds of claim 1, wherein to raise raw material be to be selected from one or both of big bean dregs, cottonseed slag, fish meal, digested tankage, bone meal and blood meal to protein.

3. a method of producing urea-containing protein feeds the steps include:

Mix the raising raw material and make a kind of mixture;

Grind this mixture;

With urea and this mixture mixing;

With the mixture extrusion molding, temperature is 100-130 ℃ under dehydration conditions, and pressure is 400-450 pound/square inch.