CN111906375A

CN111906375A - Improved broaching machine

Info

Publication number: CN111906375A
Application number: CN202010842125.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赖明�; 苏德荣; 钟飞群; 黄正文
Original assignee: Liuzhou Gongda Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Liuzhou Gongda Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-19
Filing date: 2020-08-19
Publication date: 2020-11-10

Abstract

The invention provides an improved broaching machine, and belongs to the technical field of machinery. Mainly comprises a lathe bed, a guide rod, a pull rod, a movable base and a fixed base; the movable base and the fixed base are arranged in the groove, the guide rod and the pull rod are arranged in the groove, the pull rod is connected with an external hydraulic machine, and the movable base moves back and forth along the guide rod; the movable base is rotatably provided with the tool apron, the tool apron is provided with the broach, the fixed base is rotatably provided with the installation supporting seat, the supporting seat is provided with the supporting frame, at least 2 supporting blocks are arranged on the supporting frame, and the tool groove is formed in the supporting block. The invention is provided with a rotary tool apron for adjusting the angle of the broach, and a rotatable supporting seat for adjusting the angle of the tool groove on the supporting block is arranged on the fixed base, so that internal splines with different included angles can be produced conveniently. The supporting seat is provided with the supporting frame, the supporting block is arranged on the supporting frame, the distance between the supporting block and the supporting frame can be adjusted, the supporting seat does not need to be replaced, and workpieces with different inner diameters can be processed, so that resources are saved.

Description

Improved broaching machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machinery, in particular to an improved broaching machine.

Background

In the field of mechanical technology, broaching tools are commonly used to machine internally splined holes in workpieces. The common broaching machine usually adopts a broach to process the internal spline hole, which takes time. When a plurality of internal splines need to be machined by a machined part, the included angle of two adjacent internal splines is inconvenient to determine, and therefore machining cannot be performed quickly. In addition, when the inner diameter of the workpiece is different, the supporting seat for supporting the workpiece needs to be replaced, which causes resource waste. When processing the internal spline hole of different angles, the sword groove position on the supporting seat is inconvenient to be adjusted, therefore is not convenient for process the internal spline hole of a plurality of angles.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: to the problem that above-mentioned exists, provide an improved broaching machine, this improved broaching machine can only use a broach when only processing an internal spline hole as required processing's internal spline hole's quantity for the speed of processing uses two broaches when a plurality of internal spline holes of needs processing. When two internal splines of processing have certain contained angle, can change the processing angle through the position of adjusting the broach, adjust the angle of supporting seat to change the position of tool groove, obtain two adjacent internal splines that have the contained angle, and set up the support frame on the supporting seat, can adjust the position of supporting shoe, in order to adapt to the work piece of different internal diameters.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an improved broaching machine mainly comprises a machine body, a guide rod, a pull rod, a movable base and a fixed base; the lathe bed is provided with a groove with a cuboid structure, the notch of the groove faces upwards, the moving base and the fixed base are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the groove, the moving base and the fixed base are parallel to each other, the guide rod is arranged along the length direction of the groove, one end of the guide rod is fixed on the inner side wall of one end of the groove, and the other end of the guide rod penetrates through the moving base and then is abutted against and fixed on the fixed base; the pull rod is arranged along the length direction of the groove, one end of the pull rod is abutted and fixed on the movable base, the other end of the pull rod penetrates through one end of the groove in a sliding mode and is connected with an external hydraulic machine, and the movable base moves back and forth along the length direction of the guide rod under the action of the pull rod; the movable base is provided with a cylindrical first boss, the first boss is arranged on the surface of the movable base close to one side of the fixed base, a tool apron is rotatably arranged on the first boss, the rotating axis of the tool apron is overlapped with the axis of the first boss, a broach is movably arranged on the tool apron, and the length direction of the broach is parallel to the rotating axis of the tool apron; the fixed base is provided with a cylindrical second boss, the second boss is arranged on the surface of the fixed base far away from the movable base, a round hole is formed in the second boss, and the broach penetrates through the round hole in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the fixed base; a supporting seat is rotatably arranged on the second boss, the rotating axis of the supporting seat is superposed with the axis of the second boss, a tool hole is formed in the supporting seat, and the broach vertically penetrates through the tool hole; the supporting seat is provided with a supporting frame, the supporting frame is provided with at least 2 supporting blocks, and the distance between each supporting block and the supporting frame can be adjusted; the supporting block is provided with a cutter groove, two ends of the cutter groove are opened, and a cushion block for supporting the broach is detachably mounted on the cutter groove.

Furthermore, an oil leakage opening is formed in the bottom of the lathe bed and is located at the bottom of the fixed base, the left side face and the right side face of the fixed base are fixed to the lathe bed, an oil tank is arranged below the oil leakage opening, the upper end face of the oil tank is open, an oil well pump is arranged in the oil tank and is communicated with one port of the oil pipe, the other port of the oil pipe faces the broach, and the oil pipe is installed on the lathe bed.

Furthermore, two end faces of the tool apron are divided into an inner end face and an outer end face, the inner end face of the tool apron is inwards recessed to form a first concave table, the first boss is rotatably connected with the first concave table, a plurality of first fixing holes are formed in the side face of the tool apron along the circumferential direction, a first fixing stud is connected to each first fixing hole in a threaded mode, the tool apron and a first boss on the movable base are fixed in position through the first fixing stud, a first scale mark is arranged on the side face of the first boss, and the first scale mark is arranged around the side face of the first boss.

Furthermore, a through groove is formed in the tool apron, the through groove is parallel to the outer end face of the tool apron, the cross section of the through groove is in a cross structure, one end of the cross structure is open and is communicated with the outer end face of the tool apron, a plurality of connecting holes are formed in the outer end face of the tool apron along the circumferential direction, the connecting holes are in threaded connection with positioning blocks through positioning studs, a fixing block for fixing a broach is movably placed in the through groove, the fixing block is placed in parallel to the outer end face of the tool apron, and the size of the fixing block is larger than the notch of the through groove in the cross structure; the broach is characterized in that the fixing block is provided with a through hole, one end of the broach sequentially penetrates through a notch of the through groove and the through hole of the fixing block from the outer end face of the tool apron and then abuts against the inner wall of the through groove, the side wall of the broach abuts against the positioning block, the fixing block is provided with a fastening screw hole, the fastening screw hole is in threaded connection with a fastening stud, and the broach is fixed on the fixing block through the fastening stud.

Further, two terminal surfaces of supporting seat divide into medial surface and lateral surface, the medial surface of supporting seat inwards caves in and forms the second concave station, the second concave station rotates with the second boss to be connected, a plurality of second fixed orificess have been seted up to the side of supporting seat, threaded connection has second fixing stud on the second fixed orifices, second boss on supporting seat and the fixed baseplate passes through second fixing bolt fixed position, the side of second boss is equipped with the second scale mark, the second scale mark encircles the side setting of second boss.

Furthermore, the support frame is arranged on the outer side surface of the support seat, the support frame is arranged in the center of the support seat, the support frame mainly comprises a support column and two support rods, one ends of the two support rods are perpendicular to the side surface of the support column, the positions of the two support rods are symmetrical relative to the support column, the other ends of the two support rods are fixedly connected with a support block, and a cutter groove in the support block is communicated with a cutter hole in the support seat; the two supporting rods are telescopic rods, and third scale lines are arranged on the two supporting rods.

Further, the supporting block mainly comprises an inner face and an outer face, the inner face is connected with the supporting rod, the outer face is an arc-shaped face, a cutter groove is formed in the outer face, and the cutter groove is parallel to the axis of the arc-shaped face.

Furthermore, the cushion block mainly comprises a main board and two side plates, the two side plates are respectively and vertically connected to two ends of the main board, the two side plates are located on the same side, third fixing holes are formed in the two side plates, the third fixing holes are in threaded connection with third fixing studs, and the cushion block is fixed on the supporting block through the third fixing studs.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, the movable base is provided with the rotatable tool apron for adjusting the angle of the broach, and the fixed base is provided with the rotatable supporting seat for adjusting the angle of the cutter groove on the supporting block, so that the broach is matched with the cutter groove, and internal splines with different included angles can be produced conveniently. The supporting seat is provided with the supporting frame, the supporting block is arranged on the supporting frame, the distance between the supporting block and the supporting frame can be adjusted, and workpieces with different inner diameters can be conveniently machined under the condition that the supporting seat is not replaced, so that resources are saved.

2. The oil pump is adopted to pour cooling oil on the broach from the oil tank, so that the temperature of the broach is convenient to reduce, friction between the broach and a workpiece is reduced, the bottom of the lathe bed is provided with the oil leakage port, the cooled oil is circulated into the oil tank, and the oil pump is convenient to reuse.

3. In the invention, the first boss and the second boss are respectively provided with scale marks, so that the tool apron and the supporting seat can be conveniently adjusted to have the same angle, and the broach on the tool apron can penetrate through the tool hole on the supporting seat.

4. The middle tool apron is provided with the positioning block, and the position of the broach is limited by the positioning block so as to adapt to workpieces with different inner diameters.

5. The invention is provided with the cushion block to adjust the position of the broach, and the height of the broach can be adjusted by adding a thin plate at the bottom of the cushion block so as to process internal spline holes with different depths. And two cushion blocks are arranged according to different orientations of the broach, so that the cushion blocks can not be cut by the broach when the cushion blocks are used for adjusting and supporting the position of the broach.

The invention adopts the rotatable tool apron, the rotatable supporting seat and the supporting block which can adjust the distance position, meets the production requirement without replacing parts and has lower cost.

[ description of the drawings ]

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an entirety provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a movable base and a tool holder according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a front view of a fixing base and a supporting base according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing base and a supporting seat according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a support seat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a reverse side of the support seat according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a support block according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a planar spacer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a tool holder provided in an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing block provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, 1 is a lathe bed, 2 is a broach, 3 is a supporting seat, 3-1 is a second fixing hole, 4 is a fixing base, 4-1 is a second boss, 5 is an oil pipe, 6 is a tool apron, 6-1 is a through groove, 6-2 is a first fixing hole, 6-3 is a connecting hole, 7 is a moving base, 8 is a guide rod, 9 is a pull rod, 10 is an oil tank, 11 is a first boss, 12 is a positioning block, 13 is a cutter hole, 14 is a supporting seat, 15 is a supporting block, 16 is a cutter groove, 17 is a supporting column, 18 is a supporting rod, 19 is a cushion block, 19-1 is a third fixing hole, 20 is a fixing block, 20-1 is a through hole, and 20-2 is a fastening screw hole.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustration and are only schematic and non-limiting, and certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product, so that it may be understood that certain well-known structures, elements and descriptions thereof in the drawings may be omitted for better illustrating the embodiments of the present invention, and the drawings illustrate the drawings and do not represent the orientation of the actual product.

In the description of the invention, it is also to be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g. as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.

The specific embodiments, as shown in the drawings, are presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention. An improved broaching machine mainly comprises a machine body 1, a guide rod 8, a pull rod 9, a movable base 7 and a fixed base 4; lathe bed 1 is equipped with the recess of cuboid structure, the notch of recess is up, moving base 7 and fixed baseplate 4 set gradually along the length direction of recess, moving base 7 and fixed baseplate 4 are parallel to each other, guide arm 8 sets up along the length direction of recess, the inside wall at recess one end is fixed to the one end of guide arm 8, the other end of guide arm 8 passes moving base 7 back butt and fixes on fixed baseplate 4. The pull rod 9 is arranged along the length direction of the groove, one end of the pull rod 9 is abutted and fixed on the moving base 7, the other end of the pull rod 9 penetrates through one end of the groove in a sliding mode and is connected with an external hydraulic machine, the pull rod 9 moves back and forth along the length direction of the groove through the hydraulic machine, and therefore the moving base 7 moves back and forth along the length direction of the guide rod 8 under the action of the pull rod 9. The utility model discloses a broach is characterized in that mobile base 7 is equipped with first boss 11 of columniform, first boss 11 sets up on the face of mobile base 7 that is close to fixed baseplate 4 one side, rotate installation blade holder 6 on the first boss 11, the axis of rotation of blade holder 6 and the coincidence of the axis of first boss 11, movable mounting has broach 2 on the blade holder 6, the length direction of broach 2 is parallel with the axis of rotation of blade holder 6. The fixed base 4 is provided with a cylindrical second boss 4-1, the second boss 4-1 is arranged on the surface of the fixed base 4 far away from the movable base 7, the second boss 4-1 is provided with a round hole, the axis of the round hole is superposed with the axis of the second boss 4-1, and the broach 2 penetrates through the round hole in the direction perpendicular to the fixed base 4. The supporting seat 3 is rotatably mounted on the second boss 4-1, the rotating axis of the supporting seat 3 is overlapped with the axis of the second boss 4-1, a knife hole 13 is formed in the supporting seat 3, and the broach 2 vertically penetrates through the knife hole 13 and the supporting seat 3; the supporting seat 3 is provided with a supporting frame, the supporting frame is at least provided with 2 supporting blocks 15, and the distance between each supporting block 15 and the supporting frame can be adjusted to meet the requirements of different inner diameters of workpieces. The supporting block 15 is provided with a knife groove 16, two ends of the knife groove 16 are opened, and a cushion block 19 for supporting the broach 2 is detachably mounted on the knife groove 16. When a workpiece needs to be machined, the inner diameter hole of the workpiece needing to be machined is sleeved outside the supporting block 15. Under the action of the hydraulic press, the pull rod 9 drives the movable base 7 to move back and forth in the groove of the bed 1 along the guide rod 8, so that the broach 2 fixed on the tool apron 6 of the movable base 7 moves along with the broach. The broach 2 penetrates into the tool hole 13 on the supporting seat 3 from the round hole of the second boss 4-1 of the fixing base 4, the broach 2 is leaned against the tool groove 16 of the supporting block 15, the height position of the broach 2 is adjusted through the cushion block 19, and then the internal spline holes with different depths are processed. And when the broach is installed, the edge of the broach 2 faces the inner side surface of the inner diameter hole of the workpiece.

Further preferably, an oil leakage port is formed in the bottom of the lathe bed 1 and is located at the bottom of the fixed base 4. The left side surface and the right side surface of the fixed base 4 are fixed with the lathe bed 1, an oil tank 10 is arranged below the oil leakage port, the upper end surface of the oil tank 10 is open, an oil well pump is arranged in the oil tank 10 and is communicated with one port of the oil pipe 5, the other port of the oil pipe 5 faces the broach 2, and the oil pipe 5 is installed on the lathe bed 1. Further preferably, the opening of the oil pipe 5 faces the cutting position of the broach 2 and the workpiece, so as to reduce the temperature generated by cutting and reduce the friction force between the broach 2 and the workpiece. Further preferably, the oil pipe 5 adopts a Y-shaped structure, one pipe orifice is communicated with the oil well pump, and the other two pipe orifices are respectively arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the fixed base 4, so that the temperature can be rapidly reduced. Further preferably, the oil leakage opening is located the bottom of fixed baseplate 4, and the bottom surface of the downward protrusion fixed baseplate in oil leakage opening position constitutes the arc structure, the opening of arc structure is upwards, and the oil leakage opening is located the bottom of arc structure, and the cooling oil of being convenient for flows out lathe bed 1 fast, falls into in oil tank 10 to the cyclic utilization of cooling oil.

Further preferably, two end surfaces of the tool apron 6 are divided into an inner end surface and an outer end surface, the inner end surface of the tool apron 6 is recessed inwards to form a first concave table, the first boss 11 is rotatably connected with the first concave table, a plurality of first fixing holes 6-2 are formed in the side surface of the tool apron 6 along the circumferential direction, a first fixing stud is connected to the first fixing holes 6-2 in a threaded mode, the tool apron 6 and the first boss 11 on the movable base 7 are fixed in position through the first fixing stud, a first scale mark is arranged on the side surface of the first boss 11, and the first scale mark is arranged around the side surface of the first boss 11. Through rotating the connection, the angle of adjustment blade holder 6 makes the angle of broach 2 on the blade holder 6 different, processes the internal spline hole of the different contained angle angles of machined part, satisfies the requirement of processing the internal spline hole of irregular contained angle.

Further preferably, a through groove 6-1 is formed in the tool apron 6, the through groove 6-1 is parallel to the outer end face of the tool apron 6, the cross section of the through groove 6-1 is in a cross structure, one end of the cross structure is open and the opening is communicated with the outer end face of the tool apron 6, a plurality of connecting holes 6-3 are formed in the outer end face of the tool apron 6 along the circumferential direction, the outer end face of the tool apron 6 is connected with a positioning block 12 through the connecting holes 6-3 and positioning studs in a threaded mode, and the positioning block 12 is a replaceable component. The position of the broach 2 is adjusted according to the inner diameters of different sizes of workpieces, and a positioning block 12 with a proper size and a connecting hole 6-3 at a corresponding position are selected to meet the machining requirements. The through groove 6-1 is movably provided with two fixing blocks 20 for fixing the broach 2, and one broach 2 is respectively fixed on each of the two fixing blocks 20. The fixing block 20 is arranged in parallel to the outer end face of the cutter holder 6, and the size of the fixing block 20 is larger than the notch of the through groove 6-1 of the cross-shaped structure. The fixed block 20 is provided with a through hole 20-1, one end of the broach 2 sequentially penetrates through the notch of the through groove 6-1 and the through hole 20-1 of the fixed block 20 from the outer end face of the tool apron 6 and then abuts against the inner wall of the through groove 6-1, the side wall of the broach 2 abuts against the positioning block 12, the fixed block 20 is provided with a fastening screw hole 20-2, the fastening screw hole 20-2 is in threaded connection with a fastening stud, and the broach 2 is fixed on the fixed block 20 through the fastening stud. The reciprocating motion of the movable base 7 enables the broach 2 to process a workpiece, and under the limiting action of the through groove 6-1 and the positioning block 12, the fixing block 20 for fixing the broach 2 cannot fall off or be pulled out of the through groove 6-1, so that the position of the broach 2 cannot be changed in the processing process, and the accuracy of the processed internal spline hole cannot be influenced.

Further preferably, two end faces of the supporting seat 3 are divided into an inner side face and an outer side face, the inner side face of the supporting seat 3 is recessed inwards to form a second concave table, the second concave table is rotatably connected with a second boss 4-1, a plurality of second fixing holes 3-1 are formed in the side face of the supporting seat 3 along the circumferential direction, a second fixing stud is connected to the second fixing holes 3-1 in a threaded mode, the supporting seat 3 and the second boss 4-1 on the fixing base 4 are fixed in position through a second fixing bolt, a second scale mark is arranged on the side face of the second boss 4-1, and the second scale mark is arranged around the side face of the second boss 4-1. The angle of the supporting seat 3 is adjusted according to the angle of adjustment of the broach 2, so that the angle position of the tool hole 13 on the supporting seat 3 is consistent with the angle position of the broach 2, and therefore the processing of the internal spline holes with different included angle angles is carried out.

Further, the supporting frame is installed on the outer side surface of the supporting seat 3, the supporting frame is installed in the center position of the supporting seat 3, the supporting frame mainly comprises a supporting column 17 and two supporting rods 18, one end of each of the two supporting rods 18 is perpendicular to the side surface of the supporting column 17, the positions of the two supporting rods are symmetrical with respect to the supporting column 17, the other end of each of the two supporting rods 18 is fixedly connected with a supporting block 15, and a cutter groove 16 on each supporting block 15 is communicated with a cutter hole 13 on the supporting seat; two the branch 18 is the telescopic link, branch 18 length is fixed through fourth fixing stud. And a third scale line is arranged on the two supporting rods 18. Through the length of adjustment branch 18 to the work piece of adaptation different internal diameter hole sizes makes the work piece can steadily place on supporting shoe 15, avoids changing supporting seat 3, wastes time and energy, still resource-wasting.

Further preferably, the supporting block 15 is mainly divided into an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface is connected with the supporting rod 18, the outer surface is an arc surface, the outer surface is provided with a knife groove 16, the knife groove 16 supports the broach 2, the broach 2 slides in the knife groove 16, and the tooth surface of the broach 2 faces the inner wall of the workpiece. The knife groove 16 is parallel to the axis of the arc-shaped surface, so that the angle can be conveniently adjusted along with the supporting seat 3.

Further preferably, the cushion block 19 mainly comprises a main board and two side plates, the two side plates are respectively and vertically connected to two ends of the main board, and the two side plates are located on the same side, and can be clamped on the supporting block 15. The two side plates are provided with third fixing holes 19-1, the third fixing holes 19-1 are in threaded connection with third fixing studs, and the cushion blocks 19 are fixed on the supporting blocks 15 through the third fixing studs to prevent the cushion blocks 19 from moving in the movement process of the broaching tool 2. Gaskets with different thicknesses can be placed between the cushion block 19 and the cutter groove 16, so that the height of the cushion block 19 is increased, and the height position of the broach 2 is changed, so that internal spline holes with different depths can be machined conveniently.

During specific implementation, a positioning block 12 with a proper size is selected according to the size of an inner diameter hole of a workpiece, a connecting hole 6-3 at a proper position is selected on a tool apron 6, and the positioning block 12 is fixed on the tool apron 6 through a positioning stud. And then the fastening stud of the broach 2 is fixed on the fixing block 20, and the fixing block 20 is placed in the through groove 6-1 of the tool apron 6. According to the size of the inner diameter hole of the workpiece, the length of the support rod 18 is adjusted through the third scale mark, and the length position of the support rod 18 is fixed through the fourth stud, so that the distance position of the support block 15 on the support seat 3 can be adjusted. According to the depth of the internal spline hole to be processed on the workpiece, the height of the cushion block 19 in the tool groove 16 is adjusted, so that the height position of the broach 2 is proper. The broach 2 is made to pass through the tool hole 13 of the support seat 3, and the broach 2 is abutted on the cushion block 19 in the tool groove 16, so as to perform the machining of the inner spline hole on the workpiece. When the internal spline hole of different contained angle angles angle of needs processing, rotate blade holder 6 and through first fixing stud fixed position according to first scale mark, rotate supporting seat 3 and through second fixing stud fixed position according to the second scale mark, make blade holder 6 and supporting seat 3 rotate the same angle, guarantee broach 2's normal the placing, can process the internal spline hole of different contained angle angles angle.

The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An improved broaching machine is characterized in that: mainly comprises a lathe bed, a guide rod, a pull rod, a movable base and a fixed base; the lathe bed is provided with a groove with a cuboid structure, the notch of the groove faces upwards, the moving base and the fixed base are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the groove, the moving base and the fixed base are parallel to each other, the guide rod is arranged along the length direction of the groove, one end of the guide rod is fixed on the inner side wall of one end of the groove, and the other end of the guide rod penetrates through the moving base and then is abutted against and fixed on the fixed base; the pull rod is arranged along the length direction of the groove, one end of the pull rod is abutted and fixed on the movable base, the other end of the pull rod penetrates through one end of the groove in a sliding mode and is connected with an external hydraulic machine, and the movable base moves back and forth along the length direction of the guide rod under the action of the pull rod; the movable base is provided with a cylindrical first boss, the first boss is arranged on the surface of the movable base close to one side of the fixed base, a tool apron is rotatably arranged on the first boss, the rotating axis of the tool apron is overlapped with the axis of the first boss, a broach is movably arranged on the tool apron, and the length direction of the broach is parallel to the rotating axis of the tool apron; the fixed base is provided with a cylindrical second boss, the second boss is arranged on the surface of the fixed base far away from the movable base, the second boss is provided with a round hole, the broach penetrates through the round hole in the direction perpendicular to the fixed base, the second boss is rotatably provided with a supporting seat, the rotating axis of the supporting seat is superposed with the axis of the second boss, the supporting seat is provided with a cutter hole, and the broach penetrates through the cutter hole perpendicularly to the supporting seat; the supporting seat is provided with a supporting frame, the supporting frame is provided with at least 2 supporting blocks, and the distance between each supporting block and the supporting frame can be adjusted; the supporting block is provided with a cutter groove, two ends of the cutter groove are opened, and a cushion block for supporting the broach is detachably mounted on the cutter groove.

2. The improved broaching machine of claim 1, wherein: the oil leakage device is characterized in that an oil leakage opening is formed in the bottom of the lathe bed and is located at the bottom of the fixed base, the left side surface and the right side surface of the fixed base are fixed with the lathe bed, an oil tank is arranged below the oil leakage opening, the upper end face of the oil tank is open, the opening of the oil tank is opposite to the oil leakage opening, an oil well pump is arranged in the oil tank and is communicated with one port of the oil pipe, the other port of the oil pipe faces the broach, and the oil pipe.

3. The improved broaching machine of claim 1, wherein: the two end faces of the tool apron are divided into an inner end face and an outer end face, the inner end face of the tool apron is inwards recessed to form a first concave table, the first boss is rotatably connected with the first concave table, a plurality of first fixing holes are formed in the side face of the tool apron along the circumferential direction, a first fixing stud is connected to each first fixing hole in a threaded mode, the tool apron and the first boss on the moving base are fixed in position through the first fixing stud, a first scale mark is arranged on the side face of the first boss, and the first scale mark is arranged around the side face of the first boss.

4. The improved broaching machine of claim 3, wherein: the broach comprises a blade holder and is characterized in that the blade holder is provided with a through groove, the through groove is parallel to the outer end face of the blade holder, the cross section of the through groove is in a cross structure, one end of the cross structure is open and is communicated with the outer end face of the blade holder, the outer end face of the blade holder is circumferentially provided with a plurality of connecting holes, the connecting holes are in threaded connection with a positioning block through positioning studs, a fixing block for fixing the broach is movably arranged in the through groove, the fixing block is arranged in parallel to the outer end face of the blade holder, and the size of the fixing block is larger than; the broach is characterized in that the fixing block is provided with a through hole, one end of the broach sequentially penetrates through a notch of the through groove and the through hole of the fixing block from the outer end face of the tool apron and then abuts against the inner wall of the through groove, the side wall of the broach abuts against the positioning block, the fixing block is provided with a fastening screw hole, the fastening screw hole is in threaded connection with a fastening stud, and the broach is fixed on the fixing block through the fastening stud.

5. The improved broaching machine of claim 1, wherein: two terminal surfaces of supporting seat divide into medial surface and lateral surface, the medial surface of supporting seat is inwards sunken to form the second concave station, the second concave station rotates with the second boss and is connected, a plurality of second fixed orificess have been seted up to the side of supporting seat, threaded connection has second fixing stud on the second fixed orificess, second boss on supporting seat and the fixed baseplate passes through second fixing bolt fixed position, the side of second boss is equipped with the second scale mark, the second scale mark encircles the side setting of second boss.

6. The improved broaching machine of claim 5, wherein: the supporting frame is arranged on the outer side surface of the supporting seat, the supporting frame is arranged in the center of the supporting seat, the supporting frame mainly comprises a supporting column and two supporting rods, one end of each of the two supporting rods is perpendicular to the side surface of the supporting column, the positions of the two supporting rods are symmetrical relative to the supporting column, the other end of each of the two supporting rods is fixedly connected with the supporting block, and a cutter groove in the supporting block is communicated with a cutter hole in the supporting; the two supporting rods are telescopic rods, and third scale lines are arranged on the two supporting rods.

7. The improved broaching machine of claim 6, wherein: the supporting block mainly comprises an inner face and an outer face, the inner face is connected with the supporting rod, the outer face is an arc-shaped face, a cutter groove is formed in the outer face, and the cutter groove is parallel to the axis of the arc-shaped face.

8. The improved broaching machine of claim 1, wherein: the cushion block mainly comprises a main board and two side boards, wherein the two side boards are respectively and vertically connected to two ends of the main board, the two side boards are located on the same side, a third fixing hole is formed in each side board, a third fixing stud is connected to the third fixing hole in a threaded mode, and the cushion block is fixed to the supporting block through the third fixing stud.