CN111906358A - Ultra-precision machining method for micro-scale surface microstructure - Google Patents
Ultra-precision machining method for micro-scale surface microstructure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111906358A CN111906358A CN202010680462.8A CN202010680462A CN111906358A CN 111906358 A CN111906358 A CN 111906358A CN 202010680462 A CN202010680462 A CN 202010680462A CN 111906358 A CN111906358 A CN 111906358A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/10—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting speed or number of revolutions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-precision machining method for a micron-scale surface microstructure, which takes an ultra-precision numerical control machine tool as a machining platform and a spherical micro milling cutter as a milling cutter, and realizes the surface microstructure machining of a machined part by changing the feeding speed, the rotating speed of a main shaft and the posture of the cutter in the machining process. On the basis of the traditional ultra-precise milling technology, an ultra-precise numerical control machine tool is used as a processing platform, a surface microstructure is constructed by using cutting residues which are inevitably generated in the milling process of a ball-end milling cutter, and the quantitative processing of the surface microstructure is realized by using the milling parameters such as the feeding speed, the rotating speed of a main shaft and the like in the milling process and the change of the cutting residue height under the combined action of the shape inclination angle of a cutter. The method can be used for realizing the ultra-precision machining of the micron-sized surface microstructure, and has the advantages of simple operation, high precision and low dependence on equipment precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface microstructure processing, in particular to a micron-scale surface microstructure ultra-precision processing method.
Background
It has become one of the research hotspots to simulate the structural features of the simulated biological surface by analyzing the internal reasons of the special functions of the biological surface and apply the simulated biological surface to the engineering field. The special functions of the biological surface mainly comprise: super-hydrophobic property, drag reduction property, friction reduction property, optical reflection property and the like. Products with similar special performance are imitated by taking the special structure of the biological surface as a reference, and if a super-hydrophobic surface is manufactured on a satellite antenna according to the structural characteristic of the super-hydrophobic surface, the adhesion of dust can be greatly reduced, and the receiving efficiency of satellite signals is effectively improved; by means of the light trapping structure of the moth eye, a skin capable of changing electromagnetic wave absorption and reflectivity is manufactured, and stealth performance of the fighter is improved; referring to the characteristic of shark skin drag reduction, the groove structure is designed on the surface of the wing of the airplane, so that the fuel of the airplane can be saved by 8%.
Through microscopic scale observation of the structure of the biological surface, the reason that many biological surfaces have special functions is found to depend on the fact that the microscopic surfaces have special structures. The conventional surface microstructure processing method comprises a laser processing technology, MEMS processing and mechanical processing, compared with the laser processing technology and the MEMS processing, the mechanical processing has the advantages of high automation degree, good repeatability, high material removal rate, low processing cost and environmental protection, and the surface texture generation method based on the mechanical processing is receiving more and more attention along with the processing precision improved year by year. The mechanical processing uses ultra-precision milling and turning as main processing methods, and the methods both need to use a micro cutter and ultra-precision processing equipment, so that the requirements on the equipment are high. In addition, the processed surface microstructure mostly takes a regular shape as a main part, so that the accurate repeated etching of the biological surface microstructure is difficult to meet, and the function and the performance of the bionic surface microstructure are difficult to fully exert.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-precision machining method for a micro-scale surface microstructure, provides a new method for the micro-scale surface microstructure, reduces the dependence of the traditional microstructure machining method on high requirements of machining equipment performance, and has the advantages of simplicity and quickness in operation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an ultra-precision machining method for a micron-scale surface microstructure is characterized in that an ultra-precision numerical control machine tool is used as a machining platform, a spherical micro milling cutter is used as a milling cutter, and the surface microstructure of a machined part is machined by changing the feeding speed, the rotating speed of a main shaft and the posture of the cutter in the machining process.
The ultra-precise numerical control machine tool and the spherical micro milling cutter are both in the prior art.
The invention is based on the traditional ultra-precise milling technology, an ultra-precise numerical control machine tool is used as a processing platform, a surface microstructure is constructed by using cutting residues which are inevitably generated in the milling process of a ball-end milling cutter (a spherical micro milling cutter), and the quantitative processing of the surface microstructure is realized by using milling parameters such as the feeding speed, the rotating speed of a main shaft and the like in the milling process and the change of the cutting residue height under the combined action of the shape of a cutter and the inclination angle of the cutter. The method can be used for realizing the ultra-precision machining of the micron-sized surface microstructure, and provides a simple, convenient and effective machining method for the ultra-precision machining of the surface microstructure.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the structure required by cutting the surface microstructure is that the shape and height of cutting residue meet the design requirements of the surface microstructure under the comprehensive influence of the combination of cutting parameters of the spherical milling cutter at specific spindle rotation speed and feed speed, the shape of a cutter and the inclination angle of the cutter. The periodicity of the surface microstructure array can be accurately controlled by determining cutting parameters, and cutting parameter combinations such as rotating speed, feeding speed and the like are designed according to different period requirements.
The existing processing method utilizes the high precision of ultra-precision equipment to eliminate the cutting residual height, and the smaller the residual height is, the better the residual height is. The invention utilizes the cutting residual height, and when the equipment precision is lower, the residual height is more obvious, thereby being beneficial to the microstructure processing method.
Therefore, compared with the traditional processing method, the method has the advantages of simple operation, high precision and low dependence on equipment precision.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
1) and designing a milling path of the surface microstructure: dividing the microstructure processing into a feeding direction milling processing path and a line space direction milling processing path;
2) and designing milling parameters of the surface microstructure: designing a milling parameter combination according to the height and distribution requirements of the microstructure, wherein the parameter combination comprises a stroke feeding direction cutting parameter main shaft rotating speed S, a feeding speed F, a line spacing P and a cutting depth dz; determining the diameter D of the cutter and the number N of cutting edges, and selecting a corresponding milling cutter according to the diameter D of the cutter and the number N of the cutting edges;
3) milling a surface microstructure: and (3) milling the surface of the part to be processed by adopting an ultra-precise numerical control machine tool and a spherical micro-milling cutter according to the designed milling path and the milling parameters of the surface microstructure.
Furthermore, the surface microstructure milling path is designed according to the distribution requirement of the surface microstructure and is a plane milling path or a curved surface milling path.
Furthermore, the milling parameter design needs to change the cutting parameters for many times according to the required surface microstructure, and a cutting parameter set [ S, F, P, dz ] is constructed, so that the surface microstructure with multifunctional performance can be designed and processed at one time. When the rotating speed of the main shaft is increased, the feeding speed is reduced, and the line spacing is reduced, the height of the feeding direction of the surface microstructure is reduced, the period of the microstructure spacing is shortened, the structure is denser, otherwise, the height and the period of the surface microstructure are increased, and the structure is easier to observe.
Further, the ultra-precise numerical control machine tool comprises a three-axis machine tool and a five-axis machine tool, and the three-axis machine tool and the five-axis machine tool are respectively used for realizing the processing of the plane microstructure and the processing of the curved surface microstructure.
Further, the material of the milling cutter includes diamond and cemented carbide.
The cutting tool may be selected with an appropriate tool material depending on the material to be machined.
Further, the processed part is made of a metal material or a non-metal material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
on the basis of the traditional ultra-precise milling technology, an ultra-precise numerical control machine tool is used as a processing platform, a surface microstructure is constructed by using cutting residues which are inevitably generated in the milling process of a ball-end milling cutter, and the quantitative processing of the surface microstructure is realized by using the milling parameters such as the feeding speed, the rotating speed of a main shaft and the like in the milling process and the change of the cutting residue height under the combined action of the shape inclination angle of a cutter. The method can be used for realizing the ultra-precision machining of the micron-sized surface microstructure, and has the advantages of simple operation, high precision and low dependence on equipment precision.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-axis numerically controlled machine tool used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the micro-scale surface microstructure ultra-precision machining process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the milling path design of the surface microstructure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a surface microstructure milling simulation of the present invention, wherein the numbers represent dimensions in mm;
FIG. 5 is an SEM test chart of the microstructure of the surface of a workpiece in accordance with an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example (b):
the processing requirement of the surface microstructure is to uniformly process the microstructure on the surface of the aluminum alloy, the structure pitch is about 0.5 μm, and the height is about 10 μm.
As shown in fig. 1-5, a three-axis numerical control machine tool is selected as a machining platform, and a ball end mill is selected as a milling cutter, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
In the first step, a surface microstructure milling path is designed according to requirements, as shown in fig. 3.
Secondly, designing milling parameters, selecting a double-edge ball nose cutter, wherein the number of cutter edges N is 2, the diameter D of the cutter is 2mm, and designing cutting parameters are respectively as follows according to the requirement of the distribution interval of the surface microstructure: the rotating speed of the main shaft is S-500 rpm; the feeding speed F is 500 mm/min; the line spacing P is 0.5 mm; the depth of cut dz was 0.1 mm.
And thirdly, milling the surface of the machined part by adopting an ultra-precise numerical control machine tool and a spherical micro-milling cutter according to the designed milling path and the surface microstructure milling parameters. Surface microstructure of processed aluminum alloy such as
In the detailed implementation of the present invention, the microstructure of the aluminum alloy surface is shown in fig. 4 and 5.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method is characterized in that an ultra-precise numerical control machine tool is used as a processing platform, a spherical micro milling cutter is used as a milling cutter, and the surface microstructure of a processed part is processed by changing the feeding speed, the rotating speed of a main shaft and the posture of the cutter in the processing process.
2. The method for ultra-precision machining of the micro-scale surface microstructure according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) and designing a milling path of the surface microstructure: dividing the microstructure processing into a feeding direction milling processing path and a line space direction milling processing path;
2) and designing milling parameters of the surface microstructure: designing a milling parameter combination according to the height and distribution requirements of the microstructure, wherein the parameter combination comprises a stroke feeding direction cutting parameter main shaft rotating speed S, a feeding speed F, a line spacing P and a cutting depth dz; determining the diameter D of the cutter and the number N of cutting edges, and selecting a corresponding milling cutter according to the diameter D of the cutter and the number N of the cutting edges;
3) milling a surface microstructure: and (3) milling the surface of the part to be processed by adopting an ultra-precise numerical control machine tool and a spherical micro-milling cutter according to the designed milling path and the milling parameters of the surface microstructure.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the milling path design of the surface microstructure is a planar milling path or a curved milling path according to the distribution requirement of the surface microstructure.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the milling parameter design requires changing the cutting parameters a plurality of times according to the required surface microstructure, and constructing the cutting parameter set [ S, F, P, dz ].
5. The method for ultra-precision machining of the micro-scale surface microstructure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ultra-precision numerical control machine tool comprises a three-axis machine tool and a five-axis machine tool.
6. The method for ultra-precision machining of micro-scale surface microstructure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material of the milling cutter comprises diamond and cemented carbide.
7. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the workpiece is a metal material or a non-metal material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010680462.8A CN111906358A (en) | 2020-07-15 | 2020-07-15 | Ultra-precision machining method for micro-scale surface microstructure |
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| CN202010680462.8A CN111906358A (en) | 2020-07-15 | 2020-07-15 | Ultra-precision machining method for micro-scale surface microstructure |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113102959A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-13 | 浙江工商大学 | Method and device for preparing fish scale-imitated multifunctional surface microstructure |
| CN114309743A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-12 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Milling method for directly visible crystal grains of pure aluminum cast ingot |
| CN114472989A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-13 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Geometric error compensation method for surface microstructure machining, machining method and machining device |
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| US3986433A (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1976-10-19 | R. Howard Strasbaugh, Inc. | Lap milling machine |
| US4896638A (en) * | 1988-12-07 | 1990-01-30 | Ford Motor Company | Fabricating internal combustion engine cylinder heads with close tolerance internal surfaces |
| CN1967225A (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-23 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Thermal interface materials detection device |
| CN103042434A (en) * | 2012-12-08 | 2013-04-17 | 华中科技大学 | Ultraprecise milling surface topography texture control method |
| CN108717062A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-10-30 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | A kind of the details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues defect detecting device and its measurement method of heavy caliber ultra-precision surface |
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2020
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3986433A (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1976-10-19 | R. Howard Strasbaugh, Inc. | Lap milling machine |
| US4896638A (en) * | 1988-12-07 | 1990-01-30 | Ford Motor Company | Fabricating internal combustion engine cylinder heads with close tolerance internal surfaces |
| CN1967225A (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-23 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Thermal interface materials detection device |
| CN103042434A (en) * | 2012-12-08 | 2013-04-17 | 华中科技大学 | Ultraprecise milling surface topography texture control method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113102959A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-13 | 浙江工商大学 | Method and device for preparing fish scale-imitated multifunctional surface microstructure |
| CN113102959B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江工商大学 | Method and device for preparing fish scale-imitated multifunctional surface microstructure |
| CN114309743A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-12 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Milling method for directly visible crystal grains of pure aluminum cast ingot |
| CN114472989A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-13 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Geometric error compensation method for surface microstructure machining, machining method and machining device |
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