CN111906309A - Method for manufacturing homogeneous composite material by laser near-net-shape additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing homogeneous composite material by laser near-net-shape additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 12
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种激光近净成形增材制造均质复合材料的方法，属于复合材料制备技术领域。本发明建立均质复合材料三维数据模型，对三维数据模型进行切片分层，并规划激光扫描路径；将钛材粉、氮化物陶瓷粉末进行球磨混匀得到混合粉，将混合粉置于激光近净成形设备的送粉器中，通过分粉器并经环形激光同轴送粉喷头送出；或者将钛材粉、氮化物陶瓷粉末分别置于激光近净成形设备的两个送粉器中，两个送粉器同步输送钛材粉、氮化物陶瓷粉末至混粉器内混合均匀得到混合粉，混合粉经环形激光同轴送粉喷头送出；同时激光近净成形设备根据激光扫描路径进行扫描混合粉，混合粉经快速熔化和快速凝固过程形成均质复合材料。The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a homogeneous composite material by laser near-net-shape additive material, and belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation. The invention establishes a three-dimensional data model of a homogeneous composite material, slices and stratifies the three-dimensional data model, and plans a laser scanning path; the titanium material powder and the nitride ceramic powder are ball-milled and mixed to obtain a mixed powder, and the mixed powder is placed near the laser. In the powder feeder of the net-shaping equipment, the powder is sent out through the powder separator and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the ring laser; or the titanium powder and nitride ceramic powder are placed in the two powder feeders of the laser near-net-shaping equipment respectively, Two powder feeders synchronously transport titanium powder and nitride ceramic powder into the powder mixer to mix evenly to obtain mixed powder. The mixed powder is sent out through the ring laser coaxial powder feeding nozzle; at the same time, the laser near-net forming equipment scans according to the laser scanning path Mixed powder, the mixed powder forms a homogeneous composite material through the process of rapid melting and rapid solidification.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种激光近净成形增材制造均质复合材料的方法，属于复合材料制备技术领域。The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a homogeneous composite material by laser near-net-shape additive material, and belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation.
背景技术Background technique
传统制备与成形复合材料的熔铸法、粉末冶金等方法，要么存在因宏观偏析和微观偏析导致的复合材料中增强相分布不均匀，要么存在因需开模而导致的成形周期长等问题，很大程度上限制了复合材料的生产应用。The traditional methods of preparing and forming composite materials by melting and casting, powder metallurgy, etc., either have uneven distribution of reinforcing phases in composite materials due to macrosegregation and microsegregation, or have problems such as long forming cycles due to mold opening. To a large extent, the production application of composite materials is limited.
金属增材制造技术的出现和快速发展，为成形复合材料提供了新的途径。然而，现有增材制造复合材料技术均以选区激光熔化为主，这种方法存在零件尺寸增大引起原材料单次用量指数级增大的体积效应问题，大大增加了粉末成本。The emergence and rapid development of metal additive manufacturing technology provides a new way to form composite materials. However, the existing additive manufacturing composite materials technology is mainly based on selective laser melting. This method has the problem of volume effect that the increase of the size of the part causes the exponential increase of the single consumption of raw materials, which greatly increases the powder cost.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明针对现有技术中均质复合材料制备的问题，提供一种激光近净成形增材制造均质复合材料的方法，本发明采用激光近净成形增材制造技术制备与成形复合材料，即微小激光熔池在三维空间的无限堆积，混合粉末在激光束作用下发生原位化学反应从而生成复合材料中所需的增强相，由于微小激光熔池快速熔化和快速凝固过程，基本不会出现明显的宏观偏析和微观偏析现象，有利于均质复合材料的制备与成形。Aiming at the problem of preparing homogeneous composite materials in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing homogeneous composite materials by laser near-net-shape additive manufacturing. The infinite accumulation of tiny laser molten pools in three-dimensional space, and the in-situ chemical reaction of the mixed powder under the action of the laser beam to generate the reinforcement phase required in the composite material, due to the rapid melting and rapid solidification process of the tiny laser molten pool, basically does not appear The obvious macrosegregation and microsegregation phenomena are beneficial to the preparation and forming of homogeneous composites.
一种激光近净成形增材制造均质复合材料的方法，具体步骤如下：A method for laser near-net-shape additive manufacturing of homogeneous composite materials, the specific steps are as follows:
(1)建立均质复合材料三维数据模型，对三维数据模型进行切片分层，并规划激光扫描路径；(1) Establish a three-dimensional data model of homogeneous composite materials, slice and layer the three-dimensional data model, and plan the laser scanning path;
(2)将钛材粉、氮化物陶瓷粉末进行球磨混匀得到混合粉，将混合粉置于激光近净成形设备的送粉器中，混合粉通过分粉器并经环形激光同轴送粉喷头送出，同时激光近净成形设备根据激光扫描路径进行扫描混合粉，混合粉经快速熔化和快速凝固过程形成均质复合材料；或将钛材粉、氮化物陶瓷粉末分别置于激光近净成形设备的两个送粉器中，两个送粉器同步输送钛材粉、氮化物陶瓷粉末至混粉器内混合均匀得到混合粉，混合粉通过分粉器并经环形激光同轴送粉喷头送出，同时激光近净成形设备根据激光扫描路径进行扫描混合粉，混合粉经快速熔化和快速凝固过程形成均质复合材料；(2) The titanium material powder and the nitride ceramic powder are ball-milled and mixed to obtain the mixed powder. The mixed powder is placed in the powder feeder of the laser near-net-shape equipment. The mixed powder passes through the powder separator and is coaxially fed by the ring laser. The nozzle is sent out, and the laser near-net forming equipment scans the mixed powder according to the laser scanning path. The mixed powder forms a homogeneous composite material through the process of rapid melting and rapid solidification; or the titanium powder and nitride ceramic powder are placed in the laser near-net forming respectively. Among the two powder feeders of the equipment, the two powder feeders synchronously transport titanium powder and nitride ceramic powder into the powder mixer for uniform mixing to obtain mixed powder. The mixed powder passes through the powder distributor and passes through the ring laser coaxial powder feeding nozzle. At the same time, the laser near-net forming equipment scans the mixed powder according to the laser scanning path, and the mixed powder forms a homogeneous composite material through the process of rapid melting and rapid solidification;
所述步骤(2)钛材粉粒径为50-200μm，陶瓷粉末粒径为20～100μm；In the step (2), the particle size of the titanium material powder is 50-200 μm, and the particle size of the ceramic powder is 20-100 μm;
所述步骤(2)钛材粉为Ti或Ti6Al4V，陶瓷粉末为AlN粉、BN粉或Si3N4粉；In the step ( 2 ), the titanium material powder is Ti or Ti6Al4V, and the ceramic powder is AlN powder, BN powder or Si3N4 powder ;
优选的，所述钛材粉的纯度≥99.9％，陶瓷粉末的纯度≥99.9％；Preferably, the purity of the titanium material powder is greater than or equal to 99.9%, and the purity of the ceramic powder is greater than or equal to 99.9%;
进一步的，所述钛材粉与AlN粉的摩尔比值不小于2，钛材粉与BN粉的摩尔比值不小于4，钛材粉与Si3N4粉的摩尔比值不小于9；Further, the molar ratio of the titanium powder to the AlN powder is not less than 2, the molar ratio of the titanium powder to the BN powder is not less than 4, and the molar ratio of the titanium powder to the Si 3 N 4 powder is not less than 9;
所述步骤(2)激光波长为10.6μm，激光功率为2.0～10.0kW，激光扫描速度为200～1500mm/min，光斑尺寸为0.5-6mm；搭接率5-30％，保护气氛为氮气、氩气和氦气中的一种或两种；In the step (2), the laser wavelength is 10.6 μm, the laser power is 2.0-10.0 kW, the laser scanning speed is 200-1500 mm/min, the spot size is 0.5-6 mm; the overlap ratio is 5-30%, and the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, one or both of argon and helium;
进一步的，所述保护气氛的流量为16～20L/h；Further, the flow rate of the protective atmosphere is 16-20L/h;
所述步骤(2)送粉器为载气式送粉器。The powder feeder in the step (2) is a carrier gas type powder feeder.
本发明涉及到的反应式包括The reaction formula involved in the present invention includes
2Ti+BN→TiB+TiN2Ti+BN→TiB+TiN
4Ti+AlN→Ti3Al+TiN4Ti+AlN→Ti 3 Al+TiN
9Ti+Si3N4→Ti5Si3+4TiN9Ti+Si 3 N 4 →Ti 5 Si 3 +4TiN
如果原材料是钛粉，则钛粉中的Ti元素直接与BN、AlN和Si3N4发生上述原位化学反应，如果原材料是Ti6Al4V粉末，则Ti6Al4V粉末中仅有Ti元素分别与BN、AlN和Si3N4发生上述相同的三种原位化学反应。If the raw material is titanium powder, the Ti element in the titanium powder directly undergoes the above in-situ chemical reaction with BN, AlN and Si 3 N 4 . If the raw material is Ti6Al4V powder, only the Ti element in the Ti6Al4V powder is reacted with BN, AlN and Si 3 N 4 respectively. Si3N4 undergoes the same three in situ chemical reactions described above .
激光近净成形增材制造均质复合材料的原理：在成形过程中，利用钛与陶瓷混合粉末在激光作用下发生燃烧化学反应时放出的大量热，能够提高成形过程中的热输入，实现粉末在激光成形过程中的有效熔化，减少粉末未熔合、孔隙等缺陷的产生，从而使复合材料不仅具有优异的力学性能，又具有良好的表面质量。同时，激光燃烧化学反应在微小熔池内的有限空间内进行，在快速凝固条件下，最大限度地避免了熔池凝固过程中的元素偏析现象，成形出均质复合材料。The principle of laser near-net-shaping additive manufacturing of homogeneous composite materials: in the forming process, the use of a large amount of heat released when the titanium and ceramic mixed powder undergoes a combustion chemical reaction under the action of a laser can increase the heat input in the forming process and realize the powder Effective melting in the laser forming process reduces the generation of defects such as powder unfusion and pores, so that the composite material not only has excellent mechanical properties, but also has good surface quality. At the same time, the chemical reaction of laser combustion is carried out in the limited space in the tiny molten pool. Under the condition of rapid solidification, the element segregation phenomenon during the solidification of the molten pool is avoided to the greatest extent, and a homogeneous composite material is formed.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明激光近净成形增材的方法，利用钛与陶瓷混合粉末在激光作用下发生燃烧化学反应，提高了激光制备与成形过程中熔池的热输入，使熔池内的温度场分布更为均匀，减少复合材料缺陷的产生；(1) The laser near-net-shape additive method of the present invention utilizes the combustion chemical reaction of titanium and ceramic mixed powder under the action of laser, which improves the heat input of the molten pool in the process of laser preparation and forming, and makes the temperature field distribution in the molten pool. More uniform, reducing the occurrence of composite defects;
(2)本发明克服了传统的复合材料制备与成形过程中出现的宏观偏析和微观偏析问题，使成形的复合材料综合性能得到显著提升；(2) The present invention overcomes the problems of macro-segregation and micro-segregation in the traditional composite material preparation and forming process, so that the comprehensive performance of the formed composite material is significantly improved;
(3)本发明激光燃烧化学反应在微小熔池内的有限空间内进行，在快速凝固条件下，最大限度地避免了熔池凝固过程中的元素偏析现象，成形出均质复合材料。(3) The chemical reaction of laser combustion in the present invention is carried out in a limited space in the tiny molten pool, and under the condition of rapid solidification, the element segregation phenomenon during the solidification of the molten pool is avoided to the greatest extent, and a homogeneous composite material is formed.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例1激光近净成形增材制造均质复合材料的送粉段工艺流程图；Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of powder feeding section of laser near-net-shape additive manufacturing homogeneous composite material in Example 1;
图2为实施例1钛基均质复合材料不同区域的显微组织形貌图，图中(a)复合材料第一层，(b)复合材料第四层；Fig. 2 is the microstructure and morphology of different regions of the titanium matrix homogeneous composite material in Example 1, in the figure (a) the first layer of the composite material, (b) the fourth layer of the composite material;
图3为实施例2和3激光近净成形增材制造均质复合材料的送粉段工艺流程图；Figure 3 is a process flow diagram of the powder feeding section of the laser near-net-shape additive manufacturing of homogeneous composite materials in Examples 2 and 3;
图4为实施例2钛基均质复合材料不同区域的显微组织形貌图，图中(a)复合材料第一层，(b)复合材料第五层；Fig. 4 is the microstructure morphologies of different regions of the titanium matrix homogeneous composite material in Example 2, in the figure (a) the first layer of the composite material, (b) the fifth layer of the composite material;
图5为实施例3钛基均质复合材料不同区域的显微组织形貌图，图中(a)复合材料第一层，(b)复合材料第三层。Figure 5 is the microstructure and morphology of different regions of the titanium matrix homogeneous composite material in Example 3, in the figure (a) the first layer of the composite material, (b) the third layer of the composite material.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the content.
实施例1：一种激光近净成形增材制造TiN和TiB增强钛基均质复合材料的方法(见图1)，具体步骤如下：Example 1: A method for laser near-net-shape additive manufacturing of TiN and TiB reinforced titanium matrix homogeneous composites (see Figure 1), the specific steps are as follows:
(1)建立TiN和TiB增强钛基均质复合材料的三维数据模型，使用切片软件对三维数据模型进行切片分层，并规划激光扫描路径，生成激光扫描程序；(1) Establish a 3D data model of TiN and TiB reinforced titanium matrix homogeneous composites, use slicing software to slice and layer the 3D data model, plan a laser scanning path, and generate a laser scanning program;
(2)将钛材粉(Ti)、氮化物陶瓷粉末(BN陶瓷粉末)进行球磨混匀得到混合粉；其中钛材粉(Ti)的纯度≥99.9％，陶瓷粉末(BN陶瓷粉末)的纯度≥99.9％，钛材粉(Ti)与BN粉的摩尔比为5:1；(2) The titanium material powder (Ti) and the nitride ceramic powder (BN ceramic powder) are ball-milled and mixed to obtain a mixed powder; the purity of the titanium material powder (Ti) is ≥99.9%, and the purity of the ceramic powder (BN ceramic powder) ≥99.9%, the molar ratio of titanium powder (Ti) to BN powder is 5:1;
(3)将混合粉置于激光近净成形设备的载气式送粉器中，启动送粉器和激光器，混合粉通过分粉器并经环形激光同轴送粉喷头送出，同时激光近净成形设备根据激光扫描路径的激光扫描程序进行扫描混合粉，钛材粉(Ti)和氮化物陶瓷粉末(BN陶瓷粉末)在激光作用下的微小熔池内的有限空间内快速熔化并发生燃烧化学反应，放出的大量热，快速凝固避了熔池凝固过程中的元素偏析现象，形成含有TiN和TiB增强相的钛基均质复合材料；其中激光波长为10.6μm，激光功率为3.0kW，激光扫描速度为500mm/min，光斑尺寸为4mm，搭接率20％，保护气氛为氮气和氩气的混合保护气，混合保护气流量为20L/h；(3) Put the mixed powder in the carrier gas type powder feeder of the laser near-net-shaping equipment, start the powder feeder and the laser, and the mixed powder passes through the powder separator and is sent out through the ring laser coaxial powder feeding nozzle, and the laser near-clean The forming equipment scans the mixed powder according to the laser scanning program of the laser scanning path. The titanium powder (Ti) and the nitride ceramic powder (BN ceramic powder) are rapidly melted in a limited space in the tiny molten pool under the action of the laser and undergo a combustion chemical reaction , a large amount of heat is released, and the rapid solidification avoids the element segregation phenomenon during the solidification of the molten pool, and forms a titanium matrix homogeneous composite material containing TiN and TiB reinforcement phases; the laser wavelength is 10.6μm, the laser power is 3.0kW, and the laser scanning The speed is 500mm/min, the spot size is 4mm, the overlap rate is 20%, the protective atmosphere is a mixed protective gas of nitrogen and argon, and the flow rate of the mixed protective gas is 20L/h;
本实施例钛基均质复合材料不同区域的显微组织形貌图见图2，从图2可知，对复合材料不同区域进行随机取样，第一层和第四层所得显微组织形貌一致，增强相均为细小的TiN颗粒和针状TiB增强相。Figure 2 shows the microstructure and morphologies of different regions of the titanium-based homogeneous composite material in this example. It can be seen from Figure 2 that random sampling of different regions of the composite material shows that the microstructures obtained from the first layer and the fourth layer are consistent. , the reinforcing phases are fine TiN particles and acicular TiB reinforcing phases.
实施例2：一种激光近净成形增材制造TiN和Ti3Al增强钛基均质复合材料的方法(见图3)，具体步骤如下：Example 2: A method for laser near-net-shape additive manufacturing of TiN and Ti 3 Al reinforced titanium matrix homogeneous composites (see Figure 3), the specific steps are as follows:
(1)建立TiN和Ti3Al增强钛基均质复合材料的三维数据模型，使用切片软件对三维数据模型进行切片分层，并规划激光扫描路径，生成激光扫描程序；(1) Establish a three-dimensional data model of TiN and Ti 3 Al reinforced titanium matrix homogeneous composites, use slicing software to slice and layer the three-dimensional data model, plan a laser scanning path, and generate a laser scanning program;
(2)将钛材粉(Ti)、氮化物陶瓷粉末(AlN陶瓷粉末)分别置于激光近净成形设备的两个载气式送粉器中；其中钛材粉(Ti)的纯度≥99.9％，陶瓷粉末(AlN陶瓷粉末)的纯度≥99.9％，钛材粉(Ti)与AlN粉的摩尔比为3:1；(2) Put titanium powder (Ti) and nitride ceramic powder (AlN ceramic powder) in two carrier gas powder feeders of laser near-net-shaping equipment respectively; the purity of titanium powder (Ti) is ≥99.9 %, the purity of ceramic powder (AlN ceramic powder) is ≥99.9%, and the molar ratio of titanium powder (Ti) to AlN powder is 3:1;
(3)启动送粉器和激光器，两个送粉器同步输送钛材粉(Ti)、氮化物陶瓷粉末(AlN陶瓷粉末)至混粉器内混合均匀得到混合粉，混合粉通过分粉器并经环形激光同轴送粉喷头送出，同时激光近净成形设备根据激光扫描路径的激光扫描程序进行扫描混合粉，钛材粉(Ti)和氮化物陶瓷粉末(AlN陶瓷粉末)在激光作用下的微小熔池内的有限空间内快速熔化并发生燃烧化学反应，放出的大量热，快速凝固避了熔池凝固过程中的元素偏析现象，形成含有TiN和Ti3Al增强相的钛基均质复合材料；其中激光波长为10.6μm，激光功率为4.0kW，激光扫描速度为400mm/min，光斑尺寸为5mm，搭接率10％，保护气氛为氮气和氩气的混合保护气，混合保护气流量为16L/h；(3) Start the powder feeder and the laser, and the two powder feeders simultaneously transport titanium powder (Ti) and nitride ceramic powder (AlN ceramic powder) into the mixer to mix evenly to obtain mixed powder, and the mixed powder passes through the powder distributor And sent out through the ring laser coaxial powder feeding nozzle, and the laser near-net forming equipment scans the mixed powder according to the laser scanning program of the laser scanning path. Titanium powder (Ti) and nitride ceramic powder (AlN ceramic powder) are under the action of the laser. It melts rapidly in the limited space in the tiny molten pool and undergoes a combustion chemical reaction, releasing a large amount of heat, and the rapid solidification avoids the element segregation phenomenon during the solidification of the molten pool, and forms a titanium matrix homogeneous composite containing TiN and Ti 3 Al reinforcement phases. Material: The laser wavelength is 10.6μm, the laser power is 4.0kW, the laser scanning speed is 400mm/min, the spot size is 5mm, the overlap rate is 10%, the protective atmosphere is a mixed protective gas of nitrogen and argon, and the mixed protective gas flow rate is 16L/h;
本实施例钛基均质复合材料不同区域的显微组织形貌图见图4，从图4可知，对复合材料不同区域进行随机取样，第一层和第五层所得显微组织形貌一致，增强相含有大量的类球形TiN。Figure 4 shows the microstructures and morphologies of different regions of the titanium-based homogeneous composite material in this embodiment. It can be seen from Figure 4 that random sampling is performed on different regions of the composite material, and the microstructures obtained from the first layer and the fifth layer are consistent. , the reinforcement phase contains a large amount of spherical TiN.
实施例3：一种激光近净成形增材制造TiN和Ti5Si3增强钛基均质复合材料的方法(见图3)，具体步骤如下：Example 3: A method for laser near-net-shape additive manufacturing of TiN and Ti 5 Si 3 reinforced titanium matrix homogeneous composites (see Figure 3), the specific steps are as follows:
(1)建立TiN和Ti5Si3增强钛基均质复合材料的三维数据模型，使用切片软件对三维数据模型进行切片分层，并规划激光扫描路径，生成激光扫描程序；(1) Establish a three-dimensional data model of TiN and Ti 5 Si 3 reinforced titanium matrix homogeneous composites, use slicing software to slice and layer the three-dimensional data model, plan a laser scanning path, and generate a laser scanning program;
(2)将钛材粉(Ti)、氮化物陶瓷粉末(Si3N4陶瓷粉末)分别置于激光近净成形设备的两个载气式送粉器中；其中钛材粉(Ti)的纯度≥99.9％，陶瓷粉末(Si3N4陶瓷粉末)的纯度≥99.9％，钛材粉(Ti)与Si3N4粉的摩尔比为9:1；(2) Place titanium powder (Ti) and nitride ceramic powder (Si 3 N 4 ceramic powder) in two carrier gas-type powder feeders of laser near-net-shaping equipment respectively; among which titanium powder (Ti) The purity is greater than or equal to 99.9%, the purity of the ceramic powder (Si 3 N 4 ceramic powder) is greater than or equal to 99.9%, and the molar ratio of titanium powder (Ti) to Si 3 N 4 powder is 9:1;
(3)启动送粉器和激光器，两个送粉器同步输送钛材粉(Ti)、氮化物陶瓷粉末(Si3N4陶瓷粉末)至混粉器内混合均匀得到混合粉，混合粉通过分粉器并经环形激光同轴送粉喷头送出，同时激光近净成形设备根据激光扫描路径的激光扫描程序进行扫描混合粉，钛材粉(Ti)和氮化物陶瓷粉末(Si3N4陶瓷粉末)在激光作用下的微小熔池内的有限空间内快速熔化并发生燃烧化学反应，放出的大量热，快速凝固避了熔池凝固过程中的元素偏析现象，形成含有TiN和Ti5Si3增强相的钛基均质复合材料；其中激光波长为10.6μm，激光功率为5.0kW，激光扫描速度为600mm/min，光斑尺寸为3mm，搭接率30％，保护气氛为氮气和氩气的混合保护气，混合保护气流量为20L/h；(3) Start the powder feeder and the laser, and the two powder feeders simultaneously transport titanium powder (Ti) and nitride ceramic powder (Si 3 N 4 ceramic powder) into the mixer to mix evenly to obtain the mixed powder. The mixed powder passes through The powder separator is sent out through the ring laser coaxial powder feeding nozzle, and the laser near-net forming equipment scans the mixed powder, titanium powder (Ti) and nitride ceramic powder (Si 3 N 4 ceramic powder according to the laser scanning program of the laser scanning path). Powder) is rapidly melted in the limited space in the tiny molten pool under the action of the laser and undergoes a combustion chemical reaction, and a large amount of heat is released. Phase titanium matrix homogeneous composite material; the laser wavelength is 10.6μm, the laser power is 5.0kW, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the spot size is 3mm, the overlap rate is 30%, and the protective atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen and argon Shielding gas, the flow rate of mixed shielding gas is 20L/h;
本实施例钛基均质复合材料不同区域的显微组织形貌图见图5，从图5可知，对复合材料不同区域进行随机取样，第一层和第三层所得显微组织形貌一致，增强相均为球形或类球形TiN和不规则形状Ti5Si3增强相。Figure 5 shows the microstructures and morphologies of different regions of the titanium-based homogeneous composite material in this embodiment. It can be seen from Figure 5 that random sampling is performed on different regions of the composite material, and the microstructures obtained from the first layer and the third layer are consistent. , the reinforcement phases are spherical or quasi-spherical TiN and irregular-shaped Ti 5 Si 3 reinforcement phases.
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