CN111906308A - Powder plasticizing additive manufacturing sintering forming method for beryllium-aluminum alloy aerospace component - Google Patents
Powder plasticizing additive manufacturing sintering forming method for beryllium-aluminum alloy aerospace component Download PDFInfo
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- CN111906308A CN111906308A CN202010794130.2A CN202010794130A CN111906308A CN 111906308 A CN111906308 A CN 111906308A CN 202010794130 A CN202010794130 A CN 202010794130A CN 111906308 A CN111906308 A CN 111906308A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a powder plasticizing, material-increasing, manufacturing, sintering and forming method of a beryllium-aluminum alloy aerospace component, which comprises the following steps: the method solves the problem that low-melting-point elements of alloy element materials with large melting point differences are difficult to melt and even separate due to evaporation of low-melting-point elements and liquid-phase reflection during 3D printing laser sintering, solves the common quality problem of gas porosity of light element alloys during 3D printing, and realizes the problem that 3D printing and manufacturing of refractory alloys and high-reflectivity alloys are difficult to perform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a powder plasticizing, material-adding, manufacturing, sintering and forming method for a beryllium-aluminum alloy aerospace component.
Background
Beryllium-aluminum alloy (typical density is 2.6g cm)-3) The high-strength high-heat-stability high-toughness high-corrosion-resistance high-precision high-speed electric welding machine has many excellent characteristics of light weight, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, good heat stability, high toughness, corrosion resistance, combination of low density of beryllium and easy processability of aluminum, and becomes a new more and more important material along with rapid development of aviation, aerospace industry, computer manufacturing industry, automobile industry and high-precision high-speed electric welding machine manufacturing industry. Beryllium-aluminum alloys can be divided into aluminum-based alloys and beryllium-based alloys according to the beryllium content, wherein the beryllium content of the aluminum-based alloys is less than 5 percent and is used as a metallurgical additive; the latter has a beryllium content of more than 60% and is used as a structural material. In the prior art, the components manufactured by using a casting process are difficult to produce in mass production due to the problems of air holes and component segregation.
In the prior art, beryllium aluminum alloy members for aerospace are basically obtained by casting, but because of light elements and high melting temperature, air holes generated by casting process are difficult to eliminate, and at present, the beryllium aluminum alloy members for aerospace cannot be manufactured in batches by using a casting method. Accordingly, it is desirable to be able to manufacture aerospace beryllium aluminum alloy components by additive manufacturing methods.
Additive manufacturing is commonly known as 3D printing, combines computer aided design, material processing and forming technology, and is a manufacturing technology for manufacturing solid objects by stacking special metal materials, non-metal materials and medical biomaterials layer by layer in modes of extrusion, sintering, melting, photocuring, spraying and the like through a software and numerical control system on the basis of a digital model file. When a beryllium-aluminum alloy (with the beryllium content of 58% -62%) component is manufactured in an additive mode, the following three problems exist in common of a light alloy 3D printing technology, and the problems affect the popularization of the component are also solved:
(1) when the light alloy such as the porosity aluminum alloy, the magnesium alloy, the titanium alloy and the like is subjected to 3D printing, the density is only 80-85% of the theoretical density, and the density is incompatible with beryllium aluminum alloy;
(2) the difference in melting points between beryllium and aluminum is large, the melting point of beryllium is 1287 ℃, the melting point of aluminum is 660 ℃, if beryllium and aluminum metal mixed powder is subjected to 3D printing, aluminum is melted in advance and contains beryllium metal powder in a molten pool, in such a case, the beryllium can be melted only by heating the temperature above the melting point of beryllium, but the following two problems are faced in operation: firstly, after aluminum is melted, the reflectivity of liquid aluminum to laser is greatly improved, so that the effective melting rate of the laser begins to be reduced, and the temperature is difficult to rise; secondly, the melting time of beryllium is long, so that the solidified beryllium aluminum can be layered;
(3) evaporation if the metal powder is heated directly using a temperature that melts the beryllium powder, it is very likely to cause evaporation of liquid aluminum and other liquid metal components.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a powder plasticizing, material-increasing, manufacturing and sintering forming method of a beryllium aluminum alloy aerospace component, which solves the problem of material-increasing manufacturing of metal materials by using equipment for printing plastic materials at normal temperature.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a powder plasticizing, additive manufacturing, sintering and forming method for a beryllium-aluminum alloy aerospace member, which is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing the ingredients
Beryllium powder, aluminum powder and photosensitive paraffin are mixed, wherein the mass percent of beryllium is 58% -62%, the mass percent of aluminum is 38% -42%, and the mixture of the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder and the photosensitive paraffin are uniformly mixed under vacuum according to the proportion of 85-95: 15-5 to obtain a mixed raw material;
and (3) carrying out vacuum mixing on the mixed raw materials in a vacuum mixing roll, wherein the mixing temperature is 30-80 ℃, and the mixing time is 60-300 min.
Step two: printing and forming
The mixed powder is printed layer by a plastic 3D printer technology to obtain a molded component, and the component structure comprises a supporting auxiliary rib structure for ensuring the strength;
step three: vacuum thermal dewaxing
Placing the formed member in a vacuum dewaxing and sintering integrated furnace for vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment, and obtaining the member only containing beryllium-aluminum alloy powder after the member is subjected to vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment;
step four: sintering
Starting high vacuum sintering in situ, placing the vacuum sintered component in a hot-pressing sintering furnace for hot-pressing sintering, wherein the density of the sintered component is 98%;
step five: hot pressed sintering
And (3) placing the sintered component in a hot-pressing sintering furnace for hot-pressing sintering treatment, and obtaining a compact component with accurate size after the hot-pressing sintering treatment, wherein the density reaches 98.5%.
Step six: removing adjuvant to obtain final product
And removing the supporting auxiliary rib structure by a machining mode to obtain a final finished product.
In a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder in the first step each have a powder particle size of-600 mesh.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder before mixing in the first step are separately stored in alcohol so as not to come into contact with air.
As a further optimization of the invention, the content of the photosensitive paraffin in the component in the first step is 7-10%.
As a further preferred aspect of the invention, the degree of vacuum in step one is 6 x 10-2Pa。
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment in step three is 250 ℃
350 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 6 x 10-2Pa, dewaxing time 3 h.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the vacuum sintering in the fourth step is 600 to 630 ℃, the sintering time is 2 hours, and the vacuum degree is 6.6 x 10-4Pa。
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the fifth step, the pressure in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 50 to 200MPa, and the gas for applying the pressure is argon gas.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature in the hot-pressing sintering furnace in the fifth step is 640 to 650 ℃.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the member sintered in the fifth step is subjected to a hot press sintering treatment in a hot press sintering furnace for a time period of 1 to 2 hours.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the powder plasticizing, material-adding, manufacturing, sintering and forming method for the beryllium-aluminum alloy aerospace component has the following advantages:
(1) the method solves the problem that the low-melting-point element is evaporated and the liquid phase is reflected to cause that the high-melting-point element is difficult to melt and even separate when the alloy element material with large difference in melting point is sintered by 3D printing laser;
(2) the problem of the common quality of the light element alloy in the 3D printing industry is solved;
(3) the 3D printing and manufacturing of refractory alloy and high-reflectivity alloy are difficult to realize;
(4) the manufactured finished product has high efficiency under the condition of ensuring the precision;
(5) the method can prepare large-size components, the wall thickness of the components is not more than 50mm, and paraffin on the components can evaporate or seep out in the preparation process;
(6) the equipment investment cost is low, and the method can be realized only by using plastic 3D printing equipment;
(7) the process is applicable to all light and difficult-to-dissolve alloys for the manufacture of components.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following examples.
The invention relates to a powder plasticizing, material-increasing, manufacturing, sintering and forming method of a beryllium-aluminum alloy aerospace component, which comprises the following steps: mixing materials, printing and forming, vacuum hot dewaxing, sintering, hot pressing and sintering, and removing auxiliary materials to obtain a finished product.
Example 1
Step one, beryllium powder with the particle size of-600 meshes, aluminum powder with the particle size of-600 meshes and photosensitive paraffin are mixed, wherein the mass percent of beryllium is 58%, the mass percent of aluminum is 38%, the mixture of the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder and the photosensitive paraffin are uniformly mixed in vacuum according to the proportion of 85:15, mixed raw materials are obtained, the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder before mixing are respectively stored in alcohol, the contact of the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder with air is avoided, the purity of the beryllium powder is more than 99.5%, and the purity of the aluminum powder is more than 99.95%;
vacuum mixing the mixed raw materials in a vacuum mixer at 30 deg.C for 60min to obtain a component with photosensitive paraffin content of 7% and vacuum degree of 6 x 10-2Pa；
Step two, printing the mixed slurry layer by layer through a plastic 3D printer technology to obtain a molded component, wherein the curing mode is that the mixed slurry containing photosensitive paraffin is cured by ultraviolet rays, and the component structure comprises a supporting auxiliary rib structure for ensuring the strength;
step three, placing the formed component into a vacuum dewaxing and sintering integrated furnace for vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment, and obtaining a component blank only containing beryllium aluminum alloy powder after the component is subjected to vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment, wherein the temperature of the vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment is 250 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 6 x 10-2Pa, dewaxing time is 3 h;
step four, starting high vacuum sintering in situ, placing the sintered component in a hot-pressing sintering furnace for hot-pressing sintering after vacuum sintering, wherein the linear shrinkage rate of the sintered component is 21 percent, the density of the sintered component is 98 percent, the vacuum sintering temperature is 600 ℃, the sintering time is 2 hours, and the vacuum degree is 6.6 x 10-4Pa；
And fifthly, placing the sintered component in a hot-pressing sintering furnace for hot-pressing sintering treatment, obtaining a compact component with accurate size after the hot-pressing sintering treatment, wherein the density reaches 98.5%, the pressure in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 50MPa, the applied pressure gas is argon with the purity of 99.9%, the temperature in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 640 ℃, and the hot-pressing sintering treatment time of the sintered component in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 5 hours.
And step six, removing the supporting auxiliary rib structure by a machining mode to obtain a final finished product, wherein the machining mode is numerical control machining or manual polishing.
Example 2
Step one, beryllium powder with the particle size of-600 meshes, aluminum powder with the particle size of-600 meshes and photosensitive paraffin are mixed, wherein the mass percent of beryllium is 60%, the mass percent of aluminum is 40%, the mixture of the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder and the photosensitive paraffin are uniformly mixed in vacuum according to the proportion of 90:10 to obtain mixed raw materials, the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder before mixing are respectively stored in alcohol to avoid contact with air, the purity of the beryllium powder is more than 99.5%, and the purity of the aluminum powder is more than 99.95%;
vacuum mixing the mixed raw materials in a vacuum mixer at 50 deg.C for 200min to obtain a component with wax content of 8% and vacuum degree of 6 x 10-2Pa；
Step two, printing the mixed slurry layer by layer through a plastic 3D printer technology to obtain a molded component, wherein the curing mode is that the mixed slurry containing photosensitive paraffin is cured by ultraviolet rays, and the component structure comprises a supporting auxiliary rib structure for ensuring the strength;
step three, placing the formed component into a vacuum dewaxing and sintering integrated furnace for vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment, and obtaining a component blank only containing beryllium aluminum alloy powder after the component is subjected to vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment, wherein the temperature of the vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment is 300 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 6 x 10-2Pa, dewaxing time is 3 h;
step four, starting high vacuum sintering in situ, placing the sintered component in a hot-pressing sintering furnace for hot-pressing sintering after vacuum sintering, wherein the linear shrinkage rate of the sintered component is 24 percent, the density of the sintered component is 98 percent, the vacuum sintering temperature is 620 ℃, the sintering time is 2 hours, and the vacuum degree is 6.6 x 10-4Pa；
And fifthly, placing the sintered component in a hot-pressing sintering furnace for hot-pressing sintering treatment, obtaining a compact component with accurate size after the hot-pressing sintering treatment, wherein the density reaches 98.5%, the pressure in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 100MPa, the applied pressure gas is argon with the purity of 99.9%, the temperature in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 645 ℃, and the hot-pressing sintering treatment time of the sintered component in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 5.5 hours.
And step six, removing the supporting auxiliary rib structure by a machining mode to obtain a final finished product, wherein the machining mode is numerical control machining or manual polishing.
Example 3
Firstly, beryllium powder with the particle size of-600 meshes, aluminum powder with the particle size of-600 meshes and photosensitive paraffin are mixed, wherein the mass percent of beryllium is 62%, the mass percent of aluminum is 42%, the mixture of the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder and the photosensitive paraffin are uniformly mixed in vacuum according to the proportion of 95:5 to obtain mixed raw materials, the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder before mixing are respectively stored in alcohol to avoid contact with air, the purity of the beryllium powder is more than 99.5%, and the purity of the aluminum powder is more than 99.95%;
vacuum mixing the mixed raw materials in a vacuum mixer at 30-80 deg.C for 300min, with the wax content in the component being 10% and the vacuum degree being 6 x 10-2Pa；
Step two, printing the mixed slurry layer by layer through a plastic 3D printer technology to obtain a molded component, wherein the curing mode is that the mixed slurry containing photosensitive paraffin is cured by ultraviolet rays, and the component structure comprises a supporting auxiliary rib structure for ensuring the strength;
step three, placing the formed component into a vacuum dewaxing and sintering integrated furnace for vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment, and obtaining a component blank only containing beryllium aluminum alloy powder after the component is subjected to vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment, wherein the temperature of the vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment is 350 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 6 x 10-2Pa, dewaxing time is 3 h;
step four, starting high vacuum sintering in situ, placing the vacuum sintered component in a hot-pressing sintering furnace for hot-pressing sintering after vacuum sintering, wherein the linear shrinkage rate of the sintered component is 25%, the density of the sintered component is 98%, the vacuum sintering temperature is 630 ℃, the sintering time is 2 hours, and the vacuum degree is 6.6 x 10-4Pa；
And fifthly, placing the sintered component in a hot-pressing sintering furnace for hot-pressing sintering treatment, obtaining a compact component with accurate size after the hot-pressing sintering treatment, wherein the density reaches 98.5%, the pressure in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 200MPa, the applied pressure gas is argon with the purity of 99.9%, the temperature in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 650 ℃, and the hot-pressing sintering treatment time of the sintered component in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 5-6 hours.
And step six, removing the supporting auxiliary rib structure by a machining mode to obtain a final finished product, wherein the machining mode is numerical control machining or manual polishing.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A powder plasticizing, material-increasing, manufacturing, sintering and forming method of a beryllium-aluminum alloy aerospace component is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing the ingredients
Beryllium powder, aluminum powder and photosensitive paraffin are mixed, wherein the mass percent of beryllium is 58% -62%, the mass percent of aluminum is 38% -42%, and the mixture of the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder and the photosensitive paraffin are uniformly mixed under vacuum according to the proportion of 85-95: 15-5 to obtain a mixed raw material;
vacuum mixing the mixed raw materials in a vacuum mixing roll, wherein the mixing temperature is 30-80 ℃, the mixing time is 60-300 min, and the vacuum degree is 6 x 10-2Pa；
Step two: printing and forming
The mixed powder is printed layer by a plastic 3D printer technology to obtain a molded component, and the component structure comprises a supporting auxiliary rib structure for ensuring the strength;
step three: vacuum thermal dewaxing
Placing the formed member in a vacuum dewaxing and sintering integrated furnace for vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment, and obtaining the member only containing beryllium-aluminum alloy powder after the member is subjected to vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment;
step four: sintering
Starting high vacuum sintering in situ, placing the vacuum sintered component in a hot-pressing sintering furnace for hot-pressing sintering, wherein the density of the sintered component is 98%;
step five: hot pressed sintering
Placing the sintered component in a hot-pressing sintering furnace for hot-pressing sintering treatment to obtain a compact component with accurate size, wherein the density reaches 98.5%;
step six: removing adjuvant to obtain final product
And removing the supporting auxiliary rib structure by a machining mode to obtain a final finished product.
2. The powder plasticizing, additive manufacturing, sintering and forming method of the beryllium aluminum alloy aerospace component as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle diameters of the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder in the first step are both-600 meshes.
3. The powder plasticizing, additive manufacturing, sintering and forming method of the beryllium aluminum alloy aerospace component as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and respectively storing the beryllium powder and the aluminum powder before mixing in the step one in alcohol.
4. The powder plasticizing, additive manufacturing, sintering and forming method of the beryllium aluminum alloy aerospace component as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the content of the photosensitive paraffin in the component is 7-10%.
5. The powder plasticizing, additive manufacturing, sintering and forming method of the beryllium aluminum alloy aerospace component as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the vacuum degree in the first step is 6 x 10-2Pa。
6. The powder plasticizing, additive manufacturing, sintering and forming method of the beryllium aluminum alloy aerospace component as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the vacuum thermal dewaxing treatment in the third step is 250-350 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 6 x 10-2Pa, dewaxing time 3 h.
7. The powder plasticizing, additive manufacturing, sintering and forming method of the beryllium aluminum alloy aerospace component as claimed in claim 1, wherein: temperature of vacuum sintering in step fourThe temperature is 600-630 ℃, the sintering time is 2h, and the vacuum degree is 6.6 x 10- 4Pa。
8. The powder plasticizing, additive manufacturing, sintering and forming method of the beryllium aluminum alloy aerospace component as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and fifthly, the pressure in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 50-200 MPa, and the gas for applying the pressure is argon.
9. The powder plasticizing, additive manufacturing, sintering and forming method of the beryllium aluminum alloy aerospace component as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the temperature in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 640-650 ℃.
10. The powder plasticizing, additive manufacturing, sintering and forming method of the beryllium aluminum alloy aerospace component as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and fifthly, the hot-pressing sintering treatment time of the sintered member in the hot-pressing sintering furnace is 1-2 h.
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| CN112548118A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-26 | 山东国铭球墨铸管科技有限公司 | Method for rapidly forming metallurgical auxiliary prefabricated part by adopting 3D printing mode |
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| CN109794603A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-24 | 淮海工学院 | The powder and binder and forming technology of a kind of 3DP method 3 D-printing |
| WO2020003901A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | 第一セラモ株式会社 | Composition for 3d printer |
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| CN112548118A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-26 | 山东国铭球墨铸管科技有限公司 | Method for rapidly forming metallurgical auxiliary prefabricated part by adopting 3D printing mode |
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