CN111904576A

CN111904576A - Intramedullary nail locking mechanism and surgical instrument box comprising same

Info

Publication number: CN111904576A
Application number: CN202010824615.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王谦; 路遥; 任程; 王博; 崔禄伟; 刘丽亚; 王超; 樊垒
Original assignee: Tianjin Zhengtian Medical Instrument Co Ltd
Current assignee: Tianjin Zhengtian Medical Instrument Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-17
Filing date: 2020-08-17
Publication date: 2020-11-10

Abstract

The invention provides an intramedullary nail locking mechanism and a surgical instrument box comprising the same, belonging to the technical field of surgical instruments, wherein the intramedullary nail locking mechanism comprises a near-end aiming module and a far-end aiming module which are detachably connected; the near-end aiming module and the far-end aiming module are respectively provided with a damping fin and an aiming hole. The intramedullary nail locking mechanism has a simple structure, is convenient to use, can select whether to connect the distal aiming module according to the requirement, can avoid inconvenience and prolonged operation time caused by replacing surgical instruments in an operation, and can also save the operation cost; in addition, due to the arrangement of the damping pieces, the aiming and positioning accuracy of the intramedullary nail locking mechanism can be ensured.

Description

Intramedullary nail locking mechanism and surgical instrument box comprising same

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of surgical instruments, and particularly relates to an intramedullary nail locking mechanism and a surgical instrument box comprising the same.

Background

The four-limb operation occupies a large proportion in bone trauma operations, and can be conveniently designed according to different operation types, so that the operation time is saved, and doctors are helped to better finish the operations.

Intramedullary fixation is currently widely used in orthopedic medical devices because of its advantages such as better control of axial force lines. The intramedullary nail locking mechanism is one of surgical instruments used for intramedullary fixation, which can be used for external aiming, but the existing intramedullary nail locking mechanism needs to be replaced when in use, resulting in increased operation time and operation cost.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an intramedullary nail locking mechanism and an intramedullary nail surgical instrument, wherein the intramedullary nail locking mechanism has a simple structure and is convenient to use, whether a distal aiming module is connected or not can be selected according to the requirement, the inconvenience and the prolonged operation time caused by the replacement of the surgical instrument in the operation can be avoided, and the operation cost can be saved; in addition, due to the arrangement of the damping pieces, the aiming and positioning accuracy of the intramedullary nail locking mechanism can be ensured.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

an intramedullary nail locking mechanism comprising a proximal aiming module and a distal aiming module that are detachably connected;

the near-end aiming module comprises a near-end aiming arm and a near-end damping fin, one end of the near-end damping fin is fixed on the near-end aiming arm, the other end of the near-end damping fin is freely arranged, and a gap is formed between the near-end damping fin and the near-end aiming arm; the near-end aiming arm and the near-end damping sheet are correspondingly provided with first aiming holes;

the far-end aiming module comprises a far-end aiming arm and a far-end damping fin, one end of the far-end damping fin is fixed on the far-end aiming arm, the other end of the far-end damping fin is freely arranged, and a gap is formed between the far-end damping fin and the far-end aiming arm; and the far-end aiming arm and the far-end damping sheet are correspondingly provided with second aiming holes.

Further, the distal end of the proximal aiming module is provided with a positioning groove and a second locking part; the near end of the far-end aiming module is provided with a positioning pin, and the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning groove and locked by the second locking part.

Further, the second locking portion comprises a knob and a fixing pin which are fixedly connected, a threaded hole communicated with the positioning groove is formed in the far end of the near-end aiming module, and the fixing pin is in threaded connection with the threaded hole.

Further, the positioning pin is in tight fit with the positioning groove, and a positioning recess matched with the second locking portion is formed in the positioning pin.

Furthermore, the positioning groove is arranged at the bottom of the far end of the near-end aiming module, the positioning groove is a stepped groove, and the positioning pin is a stepped positioning pin.

Further, the free end of the near-end damping fin is arranged at the far end of the near-end aiming module, and the free end of the far-end damping fin is arranged at the near end of the far-end aiming module.

Further, the distal targeting module increases in size from the proximal end to the distal end.

Further, the second aiming hole is plural.

Further, the intramedullary nail locking mechanism further comprises a connecting module, and the connecting module is connected with the proximal aiming module.

The invention also provides an intramedullary nail surgical instrument box which comprises the intramedullary nail locking mechanism.

Compared with the prior art, the intramedullary nail locking mechanism and the intramedullary nail surgical instrument have the following advantages:

(1) the intramedullary nail locking mechanism has a simple structure, is convenient to use, can select whether to connect the distal aiming module according to the requirement, can avoid inconvenience and prolongation of operation time caused by replacing surgical instruments in an operation, and can also save operation cost; the practicability and the economical efficiency are good;

(2) the intramedullary nail locking mechanism is provided with the damping pieces, so that the swinging of the guide sleeve in the operation can be prevented, and the accurate positioning is ensured;

(3) the detachable connecting structure of the intramedullary nail locking mechanism is stable in fixing mode, so that the locking mechanism can be prevented from shaking in the operation;

(4) the intramedullary nail locking mechanism can conveniently adjust the rotation angle and the upper and lower positions of the intramedullary nail, and can meet the requirements of people with different heights and different bone structures on the intramedullary nails with different lengths and different curvatures.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an intramedullary nail locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention in a coupled configuration;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a portion of an intramedullary nail locking mechanism (excluding a distal aiming module) after attachment to an intramedullary nail according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of an intramedullary nail locking mechanism in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention shown coupled to an intramedullary nail, a protective sleeve, and a drill bit;

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a top view of a proximal targeting module and a distal targeting module cooperatively mounted according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 5;

fig. 7 is a right side view of a proximal targeting module and a distal targeting module cooperatively mounted according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1. intramedullary nails;

2. a connection module; 21. locking the inner sleeve; 22. fixing the outer sleeve;

3. a proximal targeting module;

31. a first connecting unit; 311. a sleeve; 312. a positioning part; 313. a fixed block; 314. a first knob; 315. a fixing pin; 316. a slide bar; 317. tabletting; 318. a spring;

32. a proximal targeting unit; 321. a proximal aiming arm; 322. a proximal damping fin; 323. a first aiming hole;

33. a second connection unit; 331. a positioning groove; 332. a second knob; 333. a fixing pin; 334. a threaded hole;

4. a distal targeting module;

41. a remote connection unit; 411. positioning pins; 412. positioning the recess;

42. a distal targeting unit; 421. a distal aiming arm; 422. a distal damping fin; 423. a second aiming hole;

5. a protective sleeve;

6. a drill bit.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

The proximal end and the distal end are named according to the distance between the intramedullary nail locking mechanism and an operator, the proximal end refers to the end of the intramedullary nail locking mechanism close to the operator, and the distal end refers to the end of the intramedullary nail locking mechanism far from the operator.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

An intramedullary nail surgical instrument box comprises an intramedullary nail locking mechanism, as shown in figures 1-7, the intramedullary nail locking mechanism comprises a connecting module 2, a near-end aiming module 3 and a far-end aiming module 4 which are connected in sequence;

the connecting module 2 comprises a locking inner sleeve 21 and a fixing outer sleeve 22, one end of the locking inner sleeve 21 passes through the inside of the fixing outer sleeve 22 to be coaxially connected with the fixing outer sleeve, and then is in threaded connection with the intramedullary nail 1, and the other end of the locking inner sleeve is arranged outside the fixing outer sleeve 22;

the locking inner sleeve 21 is of a rod-type structure, a thread structure is arranged at one end of the locking inner sleeve extending into the fixing outer sleeve 22, the thread structure is consistent with the thread at the tail part of the intramedullary nail 1, a screwing driving structure is arranged at one end of the locking inner sleeve 21 far away from the intramedullary nail 1, and the driving structure is of a hexagonal structure, a quincunx structure or a square structure; the fixing outer sleeve 22 is a hollow rod structure, a fool-proof structure is arranged at one end of the fixing outer sleeve 22 close to the intramedullary nail 1, and a taper hole or a circular hole structure for rotational positioning is arranged on the side wall of the fixing outer sleeve 22 contacting with the near-end aiming module 3.

The proximal targeting module 3 comprises a first connection unit 31, a proximal targeting unit 32 and a second connection unit 33;

the first connection unit 31 is used for connecting with the connection module 2; specifically, the first connection unit 31 includes a connection sleeve fixed at one end of the proximal targeting unit 32 and a fixing portion provided on the connection sleeve for cooperating with the fixing outer cannula 22;

the connecting sleeve comprises a sleeve 311 and a positioning part 312 arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve 311, and the positioning part 312 is fixed at one end of the proximal aiming unit 32;

the fixing part is an elastic locking mechanism and comprises a fixing block 313, a first knob 314, a fixing pin 315, a sliding rod 316, a pressing sheet 317 and a spring 318; the fixing block 313 is arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve 313, is of a hollow structure and is communicated with the sleeve 311, the fixing pin 315 is arranged in the hollow structure, one end of the fixing pin extends into the sleeve 311, and the other end of the fixing pin is connected with the first knob 314; one end of the fixing pin 315 close to the first knob 314 is provided with a sliding hole, the sliding rod 316 is arranged in the sliding hole, the fixing block 313 is provided with a spiral groove, and the sliding rod 316 can slide along the spiral groove under the rotation of the first knob 314; the fixing pin 315 is provided with a groove along the length direction thereof, the groove is provided with a spring 318 and a pressing sheet 317, the pressing sheet 317 can be pressed downwards in the sliding process of the sliding rod 316 so as to extrude the spring, and finally the fixing pin 315 extends into the sleeve 311, when the connecting module 2 is arranged in the sleeve 311, the first knob 314 is rotated, so that the fixing pin 315 can be matched with a round hole or a tapered hole arranged on the outer wall of the fixing outer sleeve 22; when the connection module 2 needs to be moved, the first knob 314 is firstly screwed to loosen the connection between the fixing pin 315 and the conical hole or the circular hole on the fixing outer sleeve 22, and then the connection module 2 is moved according to the needs, because the outer surface of the fixing outer sleeve 22 is provided with a plurality of conical holes or circular holes according to the needs, and the hollow structure of the fixing pin 315 is provided with the elastic spring 318, after the fixing pin 315 is matched with different conical holes or circular holes, an operator can hear a sound to prompt the moving position and the matching state of the connection module 2; the spring 318 may be replaced by another elastic member; the first connecting unit 31 and the connecting module 2 are matched with each other, so that the position of the intramedullary nail 1 can be moved to adapt to different patients;

the proximal targeting unit 32 comprises a proximal targeting arm 321 and a proximal damping fin 322, one end of the proximal damping fin 322 is fixed on the proximal targeting arm 321, the other end is freely arranged, and a gap is formed between the proximal damping fin 322 and the proximal targeting arm 321; the proximal aiming arm 321 and the proximal damping plate 322 are correspondingly provided with a first aiming hole 323; one or more, such as 2, 3, or 5, etc., of the first aiming holes 323 can be provided as required; the free end of the near-end damping fin 322 is arranged at the far end of the near-end aiming module 3;

the second connection unit 33 is disposed at the bottom of the distal end of the proximal aiming arm 321, and includes a positioning recess 331, a threaded hole 334 communicating with the positioning recess 331 and disposed at the side of the distal end of the proximal aiming arm 321, a second knob 332, and a fixing pin 333 fixedly connected to the second knob 332, wherein the outer surface of the fixing pin 333 is provided with threads, and the fixing pin is in threaded fit with the threaded hole 334; preferably, the positioning recess 331 is a stepped recess, which provides a more secure connection between the proximal targeting arm 321 and the distal targeting arm 421;

the distal targeting module 4 comprises a distal connection unit 41 and a distal targeting unit 42;

the distal end connection unit 41 includes a positioning pin 411, and a surface of the positioning pin 411 that mates with the fixing pin 333 is provided with a positioning recess 412; preferably, the positioning pin 411 is a stepped positioning pin, so that the connection between the proximal aiming arm 321 and the distal aiming arm 421 is stable;

the distal targeting unit 42 comprises a distal targeting arm 421 and a distal damping plate 422, one end of the distal damping plate 422 is fixed on the distal targeting arm 421, the other end is freely arranged, and a gap is formed between the distal damping plate 422 and the distal targeting arm 421; the distal aiming arm 421 and the distal damping plate 422 are correspondingly provided with a plurality of second aiming holes 423, preferably, the plurality of second aiming holes 423 are provided, and one skilled in the art can set the distribution and the number of the second aiming holes 423 according to the requirement. Such as 2, 3, 4, or 6, etc.; the free ends of the distal damping fins 422 are disposed at the proximal end of the distal targeting module 4. The distal aiming arm 421 gradually increases in size from the proximal end to the distal end, so that the proximal aiming module 3 and the distal aiming module 4 of the intramedullary nail locking mechanism are more stably connected.

The free ends of the proximal damping pieces 322 are disposed at the distal end of the proximal aiming arm 321, and the free ends of the distal damping pieces 422 are disposed at the proximal end of the distal aiming module 4, so as to further ensure the accurate positioning of the intramedullary nail locking mechanism and facilitate the insertion of the protection sleeve 4.

The assembly process of the intramedullary nail locking mechanism comprises the following steps:

(1) assembling and connecting the module 2: the locking inner sleeve 21 and the fixed outer sleeve 22 are matched through a hole shaft to assemble a connecting module 2;

(2) the connection module 2 is connected with the near-end aiming module 3: the fixed outer sleeve 22 is fitted into the sleeve 311 of the first connection unit 31 of the proximal targeting module 3, and the first knob 314 is screwed, thereby driving the sliding rod 316 to spirally slide along the spiral slide on the fixed block 313; in the sliding process, the pressing sheet 317 is continuously pressed, the pressing sheet 317 further extrudes the spring 318 to deform, and the head of the fixing pin 315 is pushed to extend into the sleeve 311 to be matched with the hole formed in the outer wall of the fixing outer sleeve 22, so that the connecting module 2 is fixedly connected;

(3) connecting the proximal targeting module 3 with the distal targeting module 4: i.e. to connect the second connection unit 33 of the proximal targeting module 3 with the distal connection unit 41 of the distal targeting module 4; the positioning pin 411 is inserted into the positioning groove 331, the second knob 332 is rotated to drive the fixing pin 333 to extend into the positioning groove 331 along the threaded hole 334, and then the fixing pin 333 is matched with the positioning recess on the positioning pin 411 to lock the near-end aiming module 3 and the far-end aiming module 4.

The use method of the intramedullary nail locking mechanism comprises the following steps:

(1) connecting the intramedullary nail 1 to the connection module 2; the upper and lower positions and the rotation angle of the intramedullary nail 1 can be adjusted by rotating the fixed outer sleeve 22;

(2) and (3) near-end aiming: the protection sleeve 5 passes through the proximal damping plate 322 and the first aiming hole 323 of the proximal aiming arm 321, and due to the elastic action of the proximal damping plate 322, the protection sleeve 5 is firmly fixed at a certain position under the action of friction force; then, the drill bit 6 passes through the protective sleeve 5 to open a hole and smoothly passes through a locking nail hole on the intramedullary nail 1;

(3) remote aiming: the protection sleeve 5 penetrates through the distal end damping piece 422 and the second aiming hole 423 of the distal end aiming arm 421, and due to the elastic action of the distal end damping piece 422, the protection sleeve 5 is firmly fixed at a certain position under the action of friction force; the drill bit 6 then passes through the protective sleeve 5, is tapped and passes smoothly through the locking hole in the intramedullary nail 1.

Because the far-end aiming module 4 is detachably connected with the near-end aiming module 3, in use, near-end aiming operation can be firstly carried out, and then the far-end aiming module 4 is installed on the near-end aiming module 3 for carrying out far-end aiming operation, so that the intramedullary nail locking mechanism can simultaneously realize near-end aiming and far-end aiming, and because the general mass of a surgical instrument is large, the far-end aiming module 4 can not be installed firstly, and the operation of an operator can be facilitated. Compared with the split type locking mechanism of the near-end aiming and the far-end aiming, the split type locking mechanism can save the step of replacing surgical instruments by an operator in the operation, further save the operation time and the operation cost, and has better economical efficiency and practicability; the intramedullary nail locking mechanism has simple structure and convenient use;

in addition, the intramedullary nail locking mechanism is provided with the near-end damping piece 322 and the far-end damping piece 422, so that the guide sleeve can be prevented from shaking in the operation, and the accurate positioning is ensured; the detachable connection structure of the proximal aiming arm 321 and the distal aiming arm 421 of the intramedullary nail locking mechanism is stable in fixing mode, and the surgical instrument can be prevented from shaking in the operation;

in addition, the intramedullary nail locking mechanism can adjust the rotation angle and the upper and lower positions of the intramedullary nail 1, thereby meeting various requirements of people with different heights, people with different bone structures and the like.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. An intramedullary nail locking mechanism characterized by: the intramedullary nail locking mechanism comprises a near-end aiming module and a far-end aiming module which are detachably connected;

2. The intramedullary nail locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein a distal end of the proximal targeting module is provided with a locating groove and a second locking portion; the near end of the far-end aiming module is provided with a positioning pin, and the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning groove and locked by the second locking part.

3. The intramedullary nail locking mechanism of claim 2, wherein the second locking portion comprises a knob and a fixation pin fixedly connected thereto, the proximal targeting module distal end is provided with a threaded hole communicating with the positioning groove, and the fixation pin is threadedly connected to the threaded hole.

4. The intramedullary nail locking mechanism of claim 2, wherein the locating pin is a close fit with the locating groove, and the locating pin is provided with a locating recess that mates with the second locking portion.

5. The intramedullary nail locking mechanism of claim 2, wherein the positioning groove is disposed at a distal bottom portion of the proximal targeting module, the positioning groove being a stepped groove and the positioning pin being a stepped positioning pin.

6. The intramedullary nail locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein the free ends of the proximal damping plates are disposed at a distal end of the proximal targeting module and the free ends of the distal damping plates are disposed at a proximal end of the distal targeting module.

7. The intramedullary nail locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein the distal aiming module increases in size from a proximal end to a distal end.

8. The intramedullary nail locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein the second aiming hole is plural.

9. The intramedullary nail locking mechanism of claim 1, further comprising a connection module, the connection module being connected to the proximal aiming module.

10. An intramedullary nail surgical instrument box comprising an intramedullary nail locking mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9.