CN111903943A

CN111903943A - Ginkgo nut detoxification method

Info

Publication number: CN111903943A
Application number: CN202010771870.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张海洋
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-08-04
Filing date: 2020-08-04
Publication date: 2020-11-10

Abstract

The invention provides a ginkgo nut detoxification method, which belongs to the field of food processing, and specifically comprises the following steps: the ginkgo nut is detoxicated by placing the washed ginkgo nut in a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing ozone and heating, and performing nontoxic treatment on ginkgoic acid under the high-temperature condition by utilizing the invasion and oxidation capacity of the ozone, so that the whole process is simple, the detoxification efficiency is high, no organic solvent is used, and the shape of the ginkgo nut is kept.

Description

Ginkgo nut detoxification method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of food processing, and particularly relates to a gingko detoxification method.

Background

In emergency outpatient service, patients with food poisoning are often encountered, one of which is caused by excessive consumption of ginkgo nuts.

The ginkgo nut, also known as Gongsun fruit, contains various nutrient elements, besides starch, protein, fat and saccharide, vitamin c, trace elements of riboflavin, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium and magnesium, and components of ginkgoic acid, ginkgol, penta-carbon polysaccharide and cholesterol. Has effects in invigorating lung qi, treating cough and asthma, relieving leukorrhagia, reducing urination, preventing wrinkle, protecting blood vessel, and increasing blood flow. According to the modern medical research, the ginkgo has the effects of smoothing blood vessels, improving brain function, delaying the aging of the brain of the old, enhancing memory capacity, treating senile dementia, cerebral circulation insufficiency and the like.

However, the ginkgo nuts contain toxic components, mainly ginkgolic acid, which can cause gastrointestinal adverse reactions or allergy of human bodies, so that the maximum consumption of ginkgo in one day is not more than 10-15 grains (different individual constitutions).

The manifestation of ginkgolic acidosis is that the ginkgolic acidosis normally appears within 1-2 hours after the ginkgo is eaten, and the maximum lodging period can reach 16 hours. In the advanced stage, there are usually black heart, vomiting, lassitude, blistering, diarrhea, etc., and the residue of ginkgo in vomit can be observed. The mild acidosis can be self-healed within 1-2 days; the person with severe acidosis then has symptoms of fever and nerve disorder, such as restlessness, autumn wind, substance stagnation, physical rigidity, purple color of muscles and lips, waking up, and mydriasis for light reaction or missing, mydriasis, etc., so as to cause the irritation of deep breathing difficulty or palpitation weakening. The ending nerve performance obstruction of the children suffering from the whole acidosis manifests as paresis of both lower limbs or complete flaccid paralysis. The seed kernel and the epicarp contact with the muscle, and the muscle is red, swollen and itchy.

In the prior art, in order to remove harmful components in ginkgo nuts, ginkgo nuts need to be ground into powder, such as patent CN 110353233A, and after grinding, ionic liquid [ Bmim ] Br or [ Bmim ] Cl is added to extract toxic components; or preparing extractive solution of semen Ginkgo, such as patent CN 104739898B, and processing semen Ginkgo extractive solution to detoxify.

At present, few methods for whole ginkgo fruit processing detoxification are available.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defect of lacking a processing detoxification method of the whole ginkgo nuts in the prior art, the invention provides a detoxification method of the ginkgo nuts.

A ginkgo nut detoxification method comprises the following steps:

1) removing shell and core of semen Ginkgo, and cleaning to obtain semen Ginkgo pulp;

2) putting the ginkgo pulp and high-purity water into a high-pressure reaction kettle;

3) raising the temperature and the pressure, introducing ozone after pure water gasification, and keeping the high temperature and the high pressure for 1-2 hours;

4) emptying to obtain detoxicated semen Ginkgo pulp.

Wherein, the step 3), the high temperature is specifically 120-140 ℃, and the pressure is stabilized at 0.15-0.25 MPa.

Wherein, the pressure and the temperature need to be controlled, and the high-purity water is not completely gasified.

Wherein, the step 2) is to adjust the pH value of the high-purity water to 10-11.

Wherein, the method for adjusting the pH is to add sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.

Wherein, in the step 3), the introduced gas is mixed gas containing ozone.

Wherein the mixed gas is a mixed gas of ozone and nitrogen, and the ozone accounts for 10-20% of the total volume of the gas.

Wherein, before detoxification, nitrogen is used for purging equipment; in the detoxification process, nitrogen is always ensured to be introduced.

Wherein the ginkgo fruit is fresh ginkgo fruit, and a plurality of ginkgo fruits need to be soaked in water in advance for fermentation.

The invention aims at the detoxification treatment of the whole ginkgo nut, does not need to crush or extract the effective components of ginkgo, has complete shape of the treated ginkgo nut, and can be added with sweetening agents and the like at the later stage to prepare preserved fruits for direct eating or air-dried fruits for eating. Specifically, under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, water vapor softens cell walls, and ozone penetrates through the cell walls to react with ginkgoic acid for oxidation, so that the ginkgoic acid is harmless. In order to increase the softening effect and increase the pH of the water, it is preferred to use sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate (decomposed at high temperature without residue). The water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone and protective gas (nitrogen) after detoxification treatment can be directly emptied, thus having no harm to the environment.

The invention has the beneficial effects

The complete ginkgo fruit is guaranteed to the maximum extent, the detoxification effect is good, the method is simple and feasible, the speed is high, a large amount of organic reagents are not needed, and the environment is not polluted subsequently. The effective components of semen Ginkgo are not affected.

Detailed description of the invention

Example 1

1) Taking 100 g of fresh ginkgo nuts, removing shells and cores, and cleaning;

2) purging the high-pressure reaction kettle with nitrogen, introducing 1.5L of high-purity water, adjusting pH to 10 with sodium carbonate, pouring the treated ginkgo nuts into the high-pressure reaction kettle, tightly covering and sealing, and introducing nitrogen for emptying;

3) introducing ozone/nitrogen mixed gas, wherein the ozone accounts for 15% of the total gas volume, heating to 120 ℃, controlling the pressure to be stable at 0.21MPa, and keeping the high-temperature and high-pressure condition for steaming for 1.5 h.

4) Stopping heating, and emptying to obtain detoxified semen Ginkgo pulp.

Example 2

1) Taking 100 g of fresh ginkgo nuts, removing shells and cores, and cleaning;

2) purging the high-pressure reaction kettle by using nitrogen, introducing 1.5L of high-purity water, pouring the treated ginkgo nuts into the high-pressure reaction kettle, tightly covering and sealing, and introducing nitrogen for emptying;

4) Stopping heating, and emptying to obtain detoxified semen Ginkgo pulp.

Example 3

The step 3) in the embodiment 1 is changed into the step of completely closing without emptying, and whether air is supplied or the air is emptied is determined according to the pressure. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 1

1) Taking 100 g of fresh ginkgo nuts, removing shells and cores, and cleaning;

3) introducing ozone/nitrogen mixed gas, wherein the ozone accounts for 15% of the total gas volume, heating to 160 ℃, controlling the pressure to be stable at 0.21MPa, and keeping the high-temperature and high-pressure condition for steaming for 1.5 h.

4) Stopping heating, and emptying to obtain detoxified semen Ginkgo pulp.

Comparative example 2

1) Taking 100 g of fresh ginkgo nuts, removing shells and cores, and cleaning;

3) introducing ozone/nitrogen mixed gas, wherein the ozone accounts for 15% of the total gas volume, heating to 100 ℃, controlling the pressure to be stable at 0.12MPa, and keeping the high-temperature condition for steaming for 1.5 h.

4) Stopping heating, and emptying to obtain detoxified semen Ginkgo pulp.

Example 4 detoxification Effect detection

And (3) detecting ginkgoic acid: taking detoxified ginkgo pulp obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 and detoxified fresh fruits (blank control group), grinding, and adopting an HPLC detection method to specifically comprise the following steps: directly dissolving ginkgo powder in methanol to prepare a sample solution, and carrying out gradient elution (0-30 min,75% A → 90% A, 30-35 min,90% A) under HPLC conditions, wherein octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica is used as a filler, 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid acetonitrile is used as a mobile phase A, and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid water is used as a mobile phase B, the flow rate is 1m L min < -1 >, and the detection wavelength is 310 nm.

An extract of Ginkgo biloba.

And (3) detecting the effective components of the ginkgo extract: the ginkgo biloba extract mainly contains ginkgo biloba total flavonoids and ginkgolides as effective components, and is prepared by using ginkgo biloba total flavonoids as detection standards, specifically, detoxified ginkgo biloba flesh obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 and detoxified fresh fruits (blank control group) as well, extracting with 70% ethanol under hot reflux to obtain ginkgo biloba extract, measuring the total flavonoids content by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and measuring the absorbance at 510 nm.

Ginkgolic acid removal rate = (original ginkgolic acid content-ginkgolic acid content after detoxification)/original ginkgolic acid content;

effective component retention = effective component of detoxicated semen Ginkgo extract/effective component of original semen Ginkgo extract.

Specific data are shown in the following table:

。

Claims

1. a ginkgo nut detoxification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

4) emptying to obtain detoxicated semen Ginkgo pulp.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3) comprises a temperature of 120 ℃ and a pressure of 140 ℃ which is stabilized at 0.15-0.25 MPa.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pressure and temperature are controlled such that the high purity water is not completely vaporized.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the pH of the high purity water is adjusted to 10-11.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pH is adjusted by adding sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein step 3) is carried out by introducing a mixed gas containing ozone.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the mixed gas is a mixed gas of ozone and nitrogen, and the ozone accounts for 10-20% of the total volume of the gas.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein prior to detoxification, the apparatus is purged with nitrogen; in the detoxification process, nitrogen is always ensured to be introduced.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ginkgo nut is a fresh ginkgo nut, and the ginkgo nut is several ginkgo nuts, which are soaked in water in advance.