CN111903718A - Low-pollution pesticide for green soybean planting - Google Patents
Low-pollution pesticide for green soybean planting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans comprises: the pesticide composition comprises at least four solutions, wherein the solution 1 is a microemulsion of a African mountain green soybean stem and leaf extract, the solution 2 is an aqueous solution of an amorpha fruticosa seed extract, the solution 3 is an aqueous solution of a tripterygium wilfordii root extract, the solution 4 is one or more of an aqueous solution of a coptis chinensis rhizome extract, an aqueous solution of a phellodendron amurense bark extract and an aqueous solution of a root and bark extract of barberry, and the pesticide composition further comprises one or more of garlic solution, chili solution, plant ash solution and sulfur soap solution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of green soy bean planting, in particular to a low-pollution pesticide for green soy bean planting.
Background
The green soybeans are commonly called soybeans and soybeans, are seeds of soybeans of a sphenoideae plant, are annual herbaceous crops, are 30-90 cm high, have thick and strong stems and are rhombus; the pods are rectangular and flat, 5-6 cm long, and are clamped with yellow slender bristles; the green soybeans are green pods soybeans collected from full-bodied seeds to the initial maturity stage in spring, and are familiar soybeans after the green soybeans are aged.
The green soy bean has rich nutritive value, and has high content of various vitamins, minerals and the like besides the nutritive value of the soy bean. In the green soy bean planting process, disease and pest control (including rust disease, downy mildew, aphids, red spiders, bean pod borers, budworms and the like) is always a problem which is relatively concerned by green soy bean growers, particularly for large-area planting lands, the propagation speed of diseases and pests is high, immeasurable loss is brought to the growers if the disease and pest control is carried out, the conventional means in the prior art is to spray pesticides in a large area, but the used pesticides are basically synthesized by pure chemical substances, so that the pesticide residue on the surface of the green soy beans is more, the concept of pursuing green foods by people is contradictory, meanwhile, the pollution to the surrounding environment and a river is serious, furthermore, through multiple chemical application, the green soy bean diseases and pests are easy to generate drug resistance, the pesticide dosage needs to be increased or novel pesticides need to be researched and developed in the later-stage control.
The invention provides a low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans, which is beneficial to ecological environment protection.
Disclosure of Invention
A low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans comprises: the preparation method comprises the following steps of 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein the 1 is a microemulsion of a African mountain green soybean stem and leaf extract, the 2 is an aqueous solution of an amorpha fruticosa seed extract, the 3 is an aqueous solution of a tripterygium wilfordii root extract, and the 4 is one or more of an aqueous solution of a coptis root extract, an aqueous solution of a phellodendron bark extract and an aqueous solution of a barberry stem endothelial extract.
Preferably, the low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans further comprises garlic liquid or/and pepper liquid or/and plant ash liquid or/and sulfur soap liquid; the garlic liquid is as follows: mashing garlic, adding tap water to dilute the garlic to 8-9 times of the garlic, stirring for multiple times, standing for 10-11 hours at normal temperature, and filtering; the chili solution is as follows: drying and grinding or shredding the hot peppers with high capsaicin content into flour, pouring the hot peppers into water with the temperature of 80 ℃, boiling the hot peppers for 8-10 minutes by using medium fire, stirring the hot peppers for many times, wherein the mass ratio of the hot peppers to the water is 1: 10-1: 15, and filtering; plant ash liquid: mixing plant ash and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-1: 4, soaking for 10-11 hours at normal temperature, and stirring for multiple times; the sulfur soap solution is as follows: crushing the sulfur soap, mixing the crushed sulfur soap with water, soaking for 10-11 hours at normal temperature, stirring for multiple times in the period, wherein the mass ratio of the sulfur soap to the water is 1: 500-1: 700, and filtering.
Preferably, the low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans comprises the following components: the solution 1 is liquid obtained by putting the African mountain green soybean stem and leaf extract, water and microemulsion in a high-speed shearing machine according to a proportion and uniformly stirring at the temperature of 45-48 ℃; the solution 2 is a liquid obtained by uniformly mixing an amorpha fruticosa seed extract and water according to a certain proportion; the solution 3 is a liquid obtained by uniformly mixing the tripterygium wilfordii root extract and water according to a certain proportion; the solution 4 is a liquid obtained by uniformly mixing a coptis root extract or/and a phellodendron bark extract or/and a barberry stem endothelial extract with water according to a certain proportion at the temperature of 30-40 ℃.
Preferably, the low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans comprises the following components: the mass ratio of the African mountain green soybean stem and leaf extract to the water to the microemulsion in the solution 1 is 2-3: 5-6: 1.2 to 1.8; the mass ratio of the amorpha fruticosa seed extract to water in the solution 2 is 1: 8-1: 10; the mass ratio of the tripterygium wilfordii root extract to water in the solution 3 is 1: 8-1: 10; the mass ratio of the coptis chinensis extract or/and the phellodendron bark extract or/and the stem endothelial extract of barberry root in the solution 4 to water is 1: 8-1: 10, the microemulsion is one of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether or calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
Preferably, the low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans comprises the following components: the mass ratio of the African mountain green soybean stem and leaf extract, the water and the microemulsion in the solution 1 is 6: 10: 3; the mass ratio of the amorpha fruticosa seed extract to water in the solution 2 is 1: 9; the mass ratio of the tripterygium wilfordii root extract to water in the solution 3 is 1: 9; the mass ratio of the coptis chinensis extract or/and the phellodendron bark extract or/and the stem endothelial extract of barberry root in the solution 4 to water is 1: 9.
a use method of a low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans comprises the following steps:
and (3) a sowing stage: sowing the selected seeds in a green soybean planting base;
and (3) seedling stage: the seedling height is between 5cm and 9cm or the seedling leaves are between 5 and 10 pieces (only one of the conditions is met), garlic liquid and plant ash liquid are sprayed on seedling plants in sequence, the interval between the two liquids is 2 to 3 days, the interval between the spraying of the same liquid is 4 to 5 days, the spraying amount of the garlic liquid is 10L to 12L/mu, and the spraying amount of the plant ash liquid is 10L to 15L/mu;
and (3) flowering stage: in the early stage of flowering, after the flowering number of green soy bean plants in a planting base reaches more than 30%, spraying hot pepper liquid and sulfur soap liquid on the green soy bean plants in sequence, wherein the interval between the two kinds of liquid is 2-3 days, the interval between the spraying of the same liquid is 4-5 days, the spraying amount of the hot pepper liquid is 8L-10L/mu, and the spraying amount of the sulfur soap liquid is 5L-7L/mu; in the blooming and prosperous period, under the condition that green soy bean plants in a planting base are basically full in bloom and have a large number of blooms, diluting 1200-1350 times of the solution 1 with water and spraying the diluted solution 3 and 4 onto the green soy bean plants, mixing the solution 3 and 4 according to the mass ratio of 1-2, diluting 1300-1400 times of the solution and spraying the diluted solution onto the green soy bean plants, wherein the spraying interval is 1 day before and after, and 3-4 days are taken as a spraying period, and the spraying amount after mixing the diluted solution 1, the diluted solution 3 and the diluted solution 4 is respectively 8L-10L/mu and 10L-12L/mu;
and (4) a result stage: and in the boundary point period of the flowering period and the fruiting period of the green soy beans, diluting the solution 2 to 800-1000 times, spraying green soy bean plants, wherein an application period is set every 4-5 days until harvesting is finished, and the spraying amount of the diluted solution 2 is 10L-15L/mu.
Preferably, in the use method of the low-pollution pesticide for green soybean planting, in the sowing stage, plant ash liquid can be used for irrigating the planting base for 2-3 times and covering type water flooding is carried out for 24 hours each time, then land preparation is carried out, and the green soybean is exposed to the sun for 8-10 hours after the land preparation.
Preferably, in the use method of the low-pollution pesticide for planting the green soy beans, in the flowering stage, if the veins of the green soy bean leaves are dark green and yellow-green spots appear at the edges, the solution 2 can be sprayed every other day after spraying the sulfur soap solution or the mixed solution of the solutions 3 and 4, the solution 2 is diluted to 1000-1200 times, the spraying amount is 10L-15L/mu, and the low-pollution pesticide is continuously sprayed for 1-2 times in a circulating manner until the conditions are improved.
Preferably, in the application method of the low-pollution pesticide for green soybean planting, in the fruiting stage, if gray spots appear on leaves, the solution 1 is sprayed 21 days after the solution is sprayed, and the solution 1 is diluted to 1200-1350 times and the spraying amount is 10-20L/mu; if gray spots appear on the pods, diluting the solution 1 by 800-900 times and spraying the solution by 12L-13L/mu; after the situation is improved, spraying is continuously carried out for 1-2 times in turn.
The following specific embodiments will further illustrate the invention.
Detailed Description
The specific implementation case is as follows:
experiment 1
A method for using a low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans,
and (3) a sowing stage: sowing the selected seeds in a green soybean planting base;
and (3) seedling stage: spraying garlic liquid and plant ash liquid on seedling plants sequentially at the height of the seedling of about 6cm, wherein the interval between the two liquids is 2 days, the interval between the spraying of the same liquid is 4 days, the spraying amount of the garlic liquid is 10L/mu, and the spraying amount of the plant ash liquid is 12L/mu;
and (3) flowering stage: in the early stage of flowering, after the flowering number of green soy bean plants in a planting base reaches more than 30%, spraying hot pepper liquid and sulfur soap liquid on the green soy bean plants in sequence, wherein the interval between the two liquids is 3 days, the interval between the spraying of the same liquid is 4 days, the spraying amount of the hot pepper liquid is 8L/mu, and the spraying amount of the sulfur soap liquid is 6L/mu; in the blooming and prosperous period, under the condition that green soy bean plants in a planting base are basically full in bloom and have a large number of flowers, diluting solution 1 by 1300 times with water and then spraying the diluted solution onto the green soy bean plants, mixing solutions 3 and 4 according to the mass ratio of 2:3 and diluting the diluted solutions by 1350 times, spraying the diluted solutions onto the green soy bean plants at the interval of 1 day before and after, and taking 4 days as a spraying period, wherein the spraying amount of the diluted solution 1, the diluted solution 3 and the diluted solution 4 after mixing is respectively 10L/mu and 11L/mu;
and (4) a result stage: in the boundary point period between the flowering period and the fruiting period of the green soybeans, the solution 2 is diluted to 900 times and sprayed on green soybean plants, the pesticide application period is set to 4 days every other, the green soybean plants are harvested, and the spraying amount of the diluted solution 2 is 12L/mu.
Experiment 2
In the sowing stage, plant ash liquid is used for irrigating the planting base for 2 times, each time, the planting base is covered and flooded for 24 hours, then the soil is prepared, and the planting base is exposed for 8 hours after the soil is prepared. The rest is the same as the step of experiment 1.
Experiment 3
And in the flowering stage, spraying a solution 2 every other day after spraying sulfur soap solution or mixed solution of the solutions 3 and 4, diluting the solution 2 to 1100 times, and circularly spraying for 3 times, wherein the spraying amount is 13L/mu. The rest is the same as the step of experiment 1.
Experiment 4
In the result stage, solution 1 was sprayed one day after solution 2 was sprayed, said solution 1 was diluted to 1250 times and sprayed in an amount of 15L/acre, and the spraying was circulated 3 times. The rest is the same as the step of experiment 1.
Experiment 5
A method for using a low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans,
and (3) a sowing stage: watering the planting base 2 times with plant ash liquid, covering and flooding for 24 hours each time, then preparing land, insolating for 8 hours after preparing land, and sowing the selected seeds into the green soybean planting base;
and (3) seedling stage: the pesticide spraying related to the patent of the invention is not carried out, and only the operations of seedling supplementing, thinning and the like are carried out;
and (3) flowering stage: in the blooming and prosperous period, under the condition that green soy bean plants in a planting base are basically full in bloom and have a large number of flowers, diluting solution 1 by 1300 times with water and then spraying the diluted solution onto the green soy bean plants, mixing solutions 3 and 4 according to the mass ratio of 2:3 and diluting the diluted solutions by 1350 times, spraying the diluted solutions onto the green soy bean plants at the interval of 1 day before and after, and taking 4 days as a spraying period, wherein the spraying amount of the diluted solution 1, the diluted solution 3 and the diluted solution 4 after mixing is respectively 10L/mu and 11L/mu; spraying a solution 2 every other day after spraying the sulfur soap solution or the mixed solution of the solutions 3 and 4, diluting the solution 2 to 1100 times, and circularly spraying for 3 times, wherein the spraying amount is 13L/mu;
and (4) a result stage: in the dividing point period of the flowering period and the fruiting period of the green soy beans, diluting the solution 2 to 900 times, spraying green soy bean plants, wherein an application period is set every 4 days until harvesting is completed, and the spraying amount of the diluted solution 2 is 12L/mu; spraying the solution 1 after spraying the solution 2 for one day, wherein the solution 1 is diluted to 1250 times and the spraying amount is 15L/mu, and circularly spraying for 3 times.
Experiment 6
A method for using a low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans,
and (3) a sowing stage: in the sowing stage, irrigating the planting base 2 times by using plant ash liquid and performing covering type water flooding for 24 hours each time, then preparing soil, performing exposure for 8 hours after soil preparation, and sowing the selected seeds in the green soybean planting base;
and (3) seedling stage: the pesticide spraying related to the patent of the invention is not carried out, and only the operations of seedling supplementing, thinning and the like are carried out;
and (3) flowering stage: in the early stage of flowering, after the flowering number of green soy bean plants in a planting base reaches more than 30%, spraying hot pepper liquid and sulfur soap liquid on the green soy bean plants in sequence, wherein the interval between the two liquids is 3 days, the interval between the spraying of the same liquid is 4 days, the spraying amount of the hot pepper liquid is 8L/mu, and the spraying amount of the sulfur soap liquid is 6L/mu; in the blooming and prosperous period, under the condition that green soy bean plants in a planting base are basically full in bloom and have a large number of flowers, diluting solution 1 by 1300 times with water and then spraying the diluted solution onto the green soy bean plants, mixing solutions 3 and 4 according to the mass ratio of 2:3 and diluting the diluted solutions by 1350 times, spraying the diluted solutions onto the green soy bean plants at the interval of 1 day before and after, and taking 4 days as a spraying period, wherein the spraying amount of the diluted solution 1, the diluted solution 3 and the diluted solution 4 after mixing is respectively 10L/mu and 11L/mu; spraying a solution 2 every other day after spraying the sulfur soap solution or the mixed solution of the solutions 3 and 4, diluting the solution 2 to 1100 times, and circularly spraying for 3 times, wherein the spraying amount is 13L/mu;
and (4) a result stage: in the dividing point period of the flowering period and the fruiting period of the green soy beans, diluting the solution 2 to 900 times, spraying green soy bean plants, wherein an application period is set every 4 days until harvesting is completed, and the spraying amount of the diluted solution 2 is 12L/mu; spraying the solution 1 after spraying the solution 2 for one day, wherein the solution 1 is diluted to 1250 times and the spraying amount is 15L/mu, and circularly spraying for 3 times.
Experiment 7
A use method of a low-pollution pesticide for green soy bean planting specifically comprises the combination of experiments 1-4.
Tables 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 represent the results of the above experiments for controlling soybean diseases and pests at the seedling stage, flowering stage, and fruiting stage
From the above table data, the following conclusions can be drawn: as can be seen from experiment 1, the spread of plant diseases and insect pests can be well inhibited and the diseased plants can be reduced by spraying different solutions at different stages in the growth process of the green soy beans; experiments 2-6 show that the plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced by respectively adding corresponding solution spraying steps before sowing, in the flowering stage and in the fruiting stage, and experiment 7 shows that the method is the optimal scheme of the invention. The repeated experiments of the experimental data are 5 groups, the average value calculation is correspondingly performed respectively, the statistics is performed by adopting a rounding method, common chemical reagents can be added according to actual conditions in the specific implementation process, but the data obviously prove that the dosage of the chemical reagents required to be introduced is greatly reduced, the influence of pesticides on ecology is favorably reduced, and the safety coefficient of consumption of green beans is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises a solution 1, a solution 2, a solution 3 and a solution 4, wherein the solution 1 is a microemulsion of a African mountain green soybean stem and leaf extract, the solution 2 is an aqueous solution of an amorpha fruticosa seed extract, the solution 3 is an aqueous solution of a tripterygium wilfordii root extract, and the solution 4 is one or more of an aqueous solution of a coptis root extract, an aqueous solution of a phellodendron amurense bark extract and an aqueous solution of a barberry root stem endothelial extract.
2. The low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: also comprises garlic liquid or/and pepper liquid or/and plant ash liquid or/and sulfur soap liquid; the garlic liquid is as follows: mashing garlic, adding tap water to dilute the garlic to 8-9 times of the garlic, stirring for multiple times, standing for 10-11 hours at normal temperature, and filtering; the chili solution is as follows: drying and grinding or shredding the hot peppers with high capsaicin content into flour, pouring the hot peppers into water with the temperature of 80 ℃, boiling the hot peppers for 8-10 minutes by using medium fire, stirring the hot peppers for many times, wherein the mass ratio of the hot peppers to the water is 1: 10-1: 15, and filtering; plant ash liquid: mixing plant ash and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-1: 4, soaking for 10-11 hours at normal temperature, and stirring for multiple times; the sulfur soap solution is as follows: crushing the sulfur soap, mixing the crushed sulfur soap with water, soaking for 10-11 hours at normal temperature, stirring for multiple times in the period, wherein the mass ratio of the sulfur soap to the water is 1: 500-1: 700, and filtering.
3. The low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the solution 1 is liquid obtained by putting the African mountain green soybean stem and leaf extract, water and microemulsion in a high-speed shearing machine according to a proportion and uniformly stirring at the temperature of 45-48 ℃; the solution 2 is a liquid obtained by uniformly mixing an amorpha fruticosa seed extract and water according to a certain proportion; the solution 3 is a liquid obtained by uniformly mixing the tripterygium wilfordii root extract and water according to a certain proportion; the solution 4 is a liquid obtained by uniformly mixing a coptis root extract or/and a phellodendron bark extract or/and a barberry stem endothelial extract with water according to a certain proportion at the temperature of 30-40 ℃.
4. The low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mass ratio of the African mountain green soybean stem and leaf extract to the water to the microemulsion in the solution 1 is 2-3: 5-6: 1.2 to 1.8; the mass ratio of the amorpha fruticosa seed extract to water in the solution 2 is 1: 8-1: 10; the mass ratio of the tripterygium wilfordii root extract to water in the solution 3 is 1: 8-1: 10; the mass ratio of the coptis chinensis extract or/and the phellodendron bark extract or/and the stem endothelial extract of barberry root in the solution 4 to water is 1: 8-1: 10.
5. the low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the mass ratio of the African mountain green soybean stem and leaf extract, the water and the microemulsion in the solution 1 is 6: 10: 3; the mass ratio of the amorpha fruticosa seed extract to water in the solution 2 is 1: 9; the mass ratio of the tripterygium wilfordii root extract to water in the solution 3 is 1: 9; the mass ratio of the coptis chinensis extract or/and the phellodendron bark extract or/and the stem endothelial extract of barberry root in the solution 4 to water is 1: 9.
6. the low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the microemulsion is one of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether or calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
7. A use method of a low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans comprises the following steps:
and (3) a sowing stage: sowing the selected seeds in a green soybean planting base;
and (3) seedling stage: the seedling height is between 5cm and 9cm or the seedling leaves are between 5 and 10 pieces (only one of the conditions is met), garlic liquid and plant ash liquid are sprayed on seedling plants in sequence, the interval between the two liquids is 2 to 3 days, the interval between the spraying of the same liquid is 4 to 5 days, the spraying amount of the garlic liquid is 10L to 12L/mu, and the spraying amount of the plant ash liquid is 10L to 15L/mu;
and (3) flowering stage: in the early stage of flowering, after the flowering number of green soy bean plants in a planting base reaches more than 30%, spraying hot pepper liquid and sulfur soap liquid on the green soy bean plants in sequence, wherein the interval between the two kinds of liquid is 2-3 days, the interval between the spraying of the same liquid is 4-5 days, the spraying amount of the hot pepper liquid is 8L-10L/mu, and the spraying amount of the sulfur soap liquid is 5L-7L/mu; in the blooming and prosperous period, under the condition that green soy bean plants in a planting base are basically full in bloom and have a large number of blooms, diluting 1200-1350 times of the solution 1 with water and spraying the diluted solution 3 and 4 onto the green soy bean plants, mixing the solution 3 and 4 according to the mass ratio of 1-2, diluting 1300-1400 times of the solution and spraying the diluted solution onto the green soy bean plants, wherein the spraying interval is 1 day before and after, and 3-4 days are taken as a spraying period, and the spraying amount after mixing the diluted solution 1, the diluted solution 3 and the diluted solution 4 is respectively 8L-10L/mu and 10L-12L/mu;
and (4) a result stage: and in the boundary point period of the flowering period and the fruiting period of the green soy beans, diluting the solution 2 to 800-1000 times, spraying green soy bean plants, wherein an application period is set every 4-5 days until harvesting is finished, and the spraying amount of the diluted solution 2 is 10L-15L/mu.
8. The use method of the low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: in the sowing stage, plant ash liquid can be used for irrigating the planting base for 2-3 times, each time, the planting base is covered by water for 24 hours, then soil preparation is carried out, and the planting base is exposed for 8-10 hours after soil preparation.
9. The use method of the low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: in the blooming stage, if the veins of the green soybean leaves are green and yellow-green spots appear on the edges, spraying a solution 2 every other day after spraying a sulfur soap solution or a mixed solution of solutions 3 and 4, diluting the solution 2 to 1000-1200 times, and continuously and circularly spraying for 1-2 times after the spraying amount is 10L-15L/mu until the conditions are improved.
10. The use method of the low-pollution pesticide for planting green soy beans as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: in the result stage, if gray spots appear on the leaves, spraying a solution 1 21 days after the solution is sprayed, wherein the solution 1 is diluted to 1200-1350 times and the spraying amount is 10-20L/mu; if gray spots appear on the pods, diluting the solution 1 by 800-900 times and spraying the solution by 12L-13L/mu; after the situation is improved, spraying is continuously carried out for 1-2 times in turn.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113615455A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-11-09 | 贵州省植物园（贵州省园林科学研究所、贵州省植物研究所） | Green bletilla striata rust disease control method |
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