CN111901128B - Method and system for protecting data safety of water purification equipment based on block chain - Google Patents
Method and system for protecting data safety of water purification equipment based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for protecting data safety of water purification equipment based on a block chain, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, adding the water purifying equipment into a block chain network; s2, acquiring the acquired data of the water purifying equipment and calculating the service life of the filter element; s3, performing machine learning calibration on the filter element life calculated by each water purifying device at the cloud; s4, submitting the acquired data and the calibrated filter element life to a blockchain network in real time; s5, each water purifying device obtains the latest filter element life data from the block chain network and takes the latest filter element life data as the real filter element life; and each owner acquires the latest filter element life data and all acquired data of the water purifying equipment held by the owner from the block chain network. The invention can ensure that the relevant data of the water purifying equipment in the ecological system of the Internet of things is not falsified, and can be used for a proprietor to check the historical data of the water purifying equipment and know the use state of the water purifying equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of data security of the Internet of things, in particular to a method and a system for protecting data security of water purification equipment based on a block chain.
Background
Current internet of things ecosystems rely on a centralized proxy communication mode or else a server/client mode. All the devices are connected through the cloud server authentication, and the connection between the devices is realized only through the internet. In the distributed network, nodes can enter and exit at will, safety hidden dangers are brought to the network, and the situation of counterfeit nodes occurs. The botnet of things created by Mirai in the united states has infected IoT devices such as over 200 million cameras, which have been "out of commission". Once the server is hacked, the core data, including the authentication information, the warning information, and the filter element life data, may be tampered, resulting in huge losses for enterprises and users. On the other hand, the central authority grasps the global information, so that the privacy of the user is difficult to be secured, and the asymmetry of the information may damage the interests of the user.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method and the system for protecting the data safety of the water purification equipment based on the block chain can ensure that the related data of the water purification equipment in the Internet of things ecosystem cannot be tampered.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method for protecting the data safety of the water purifying equipment based on the block chain comprises the following steps:
s1, binding the water purifying equipment and the owner thereof, and adding the water purifying equipment into a block chain network;
s2, acquiring the acquired data of the water purifying equipment, calculating the service life of the filter element, and sending the acquired data, the calculated service life of the filter element and the authentication data of the water purifying equipment to a cloud end;
s3, uploading the acquired data and the filter element life to the cloud end through each water purifying device, and performing machine learning calibration on the filter element life calculated by each water purifying device at the cloud end to obtain the calibrated filter element life;
s4, submitting acquired data of the water purification equipment and the service life of the calibrated filter element to a blockchain network in real time in a transaction mode through a blockchain network (RPC) interface according to authentication data of the water purification equipment;
and S5, each water purifying device acquires the latest filter element life data from the block chain network and takes the latest filter element life data as the real filter element life.
Further, the specific method of step S1 includes the following sub-steps:
s1-1, binding the water purifying equipment and the owner thereof: binding identity information of an owner and hardware information of the water purifying equipment; the identity information of the owner comprises a login account number and a mobile phone number, and the hardware information of the water purification equipment comprises an equipment number and a hardware number;
s1-2, generating a public and private key pair for the owner; the public key is the address of the owner on the block chain, and the private key is used for identity authentication and signature of the registration transaction;
s1-3, broadcasting the completed registration transaction to a blockchain, and adding a new water purification device to a blockchain network after reaching consensus through node verification;
s1-4, continuously acquiring whether the water purifying equipment and/or the owner registered in the blockchain provide a request for accessing the data on the blockchain, if so, judging whether the accessed data belongs to the data of the owner, if so, entering the step S1-5, otherwise, entering the step S1-6; wherein the water purification equipment and/or the owner who makes the access request is the request subject;
s1-5, verifying the private key and the access strategy of the request main body through the blockchain, if the private key and the access strategy both pass through the blockchain, accepting the access request and returning corresponding data, otherwise, refusing the access and ending the current access request;
s1-6, the request main body sends a target address and an operation request to the data holder, the public key of the request main body is verified by the data holder to obtain the identity of the request main body, a corresponding access strategy is created for the request main body according to the operation request of the request main body after the verification is passed, the access strategy is packaged in the output of the transaction in the form of a locking script, the public key is sent to the request main body through the transaction, the transaction is broadcasted to the block chain network, and the current request is ended.
Further, the collected data of the water purifying apparatus in step S2 includes water usage data, TDS data, water leakage data, and microorganism content data.
Further, the block chain network in step S1 is a DAG chain, one end of the DAG chain is an created block with a degree of 0, the created block to all new blocks form a directed acyclic graph, and the hash pointer points from the new block to the history block.
Further, the specific method of step S4 includes the following sub-steps:
s4-1, selecting N authoritative nodes for confirming the validity of the transaction on the main chain and checking the whole network transaction, wherein the authoritative nodes comprise a time stamp for recording transaction blocks and a step of supervising each block to carry out verification according to the sorting of the weight values; the server of the cloud is an authoritative node;
s4-2, when the acquired data corresponding to any terminal node and the calibrated filter element life serve as a data transaction, finding out two blocks with the highest weight values from the father blocks which have direct or indirect relation with the node initiating the data transaction;
s4-3, packing the random values of the two blocks with the highest weight values and the transaction content of the node initiating the data transaction, adding a random number, and acquiring the hash value of the packed content added with the random number;
s4-4, judging whether the first N bits of the hash value are all 0, if yes, taking the hash value as the weight value of the node initiating the data transaction and entering the step S4-5; otherwise, changing the random value and returning to the step S4-3;
s4-5, broadcasting the weight value and the corresponding random number obtained in the step S4-4 to the whole block chain network;
s4-6, verifying the weight value and the random number corresponding to the new block by the sub-block initiating the new transaction in other nodes in the blockchain network in the same method as the steps S4-2 to S4-5;
s4-7, if the weight value and the random number corresponding to the new block are verified by more than half of authority nodes, the new block is determined to be valid, and the step S4-8 is entered; otherwise, abandoning the new block, reducing the weight of the node initiating the data transaction, and entering the step S4-9;
s4-8, judging whether the current new block conflicts with the historical block, if yes, comparing the main chain indexes of the two conflicting blocks, adding the block with the low main chain index into the block chain network, discarding the block with the high main chain index, and entering the step S4-9;
s4-9, judging whether the weighted value of a node is 0, if so, discarding the node from the block chain network.
Further, the method for obtaining the block weight value comprises the following steps:
and acquiring the number of nodes of the block which are authenticated by other nodes, and adding 1 to the number as a weight value of the block.
Further, the method for obtaining the value N comprises the following steps:
judging whether the number of nodes in the blockchain network is less than 15, if so, dividing the number of the nodes in the blockchain network by 3 and taking the number rounded up as the value of N; otherwise, taking 5 as the value of N.
The system comprises a cloud server, a block chain supporting module arranged at the water purifying equipment, and a block chain network arranged in the cloud server;
the block chain supporting module is used for binding the water purifying equipment and an owner of the water purifying equipment and adding the water purifying equipment into a block chain network; sending the acquired data of the water purifying equipment, the calculated filter element service life and the authentication data of the water purifying equipment to a cloud end; acquiring the latest filter element service life data from the block chain network and taking the latest filter element service life data as the real filter element service life of the block chain network;
the cloud server is used for performing machine learning calibration on the filter element life calculated by each water purifying device through the acquired data and the filter element life uploaded to the cloud by each water purifying device to obtain the calibrated filter element life; submitting the acquired data of the water purifying equipment and the service life of the calibrated filter element to a block chain network in real time in a transaction mode through a block chain network (RPC) interface according to the authentication data of the water purifying equipment;
the block chain network is used for storing the acquired data and the filter element service life corresponding to each water purifying device, and the operation authority and the operation record of all the water purifying devices and the owner on a certain resource; the service life of the filter element is updated by each water purifying device; the system is used for each owner to obtain the latest filter element life data and all collected data of the water purifying equipment held by the owner, and for each owner to obtain the operation authority and the operation record of all the water purifying equipment and the owner to a certain resource.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention changes each water purifying device into independent network nodes capable of self-maintaining and adjusting, and the nodes can perform functions of exchanging information or verifying identity with other nodes on the basis of rules specified in advance or implanted. No matter how long the life cycle of the equipment is, whether the equipment needs to be updated or replaced, the block information acquired after the new equipment is added into the chain is absolutely safe and traceable, so that the method and the system can ensure that the relevant data of the water purifying equipment in the Internet of things ecosystem are not falsified, and can be used for a proprietor to check the historical data of the water purifying equipment and know the use state of the water purifying equipment.
2. According to the invention, machine learning calibration is carried out on the filter element life calculated by each water purifying device, when a single water purifying device is invaded so as to upload tampered data, the tampered data can be corrected, meanwhile, the estimation accuracy of the filter element life can be improved through machine learning, and more reliable data can be provided for users.
3. Water purification unit directly updates the filter core life-span from the block chain network, can avoid cloud server to be invaded and lead to the problem that local filter core life-span data is tampered.
4. The invention can monitor the main body in the block chain network, can carry out public examination on the main body with suspicious behavior, is convenient for finding illegal nodes in time and ensures the data safety of the block chain network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a DAG chain in the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of finding two history nodes with the highest weight values in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for protecting data security of a water purification unit based on a block chain comprises the following steps:
s1, binding the water purifying equipment and the owner thereof, and adding the water purifying equipment into a block chain network;
s2, acquiring the acquired data of the water purifying equipment, calculating the service life of the filter element, and sending the acquired data, the calculated service life of the filter element and the authentication data of the water purifying equipment to a cloud end;
s3, uploading the acquired data and the filter element life to the cloud end through each water purifying device, and performing machine learning calibration on the filter element life calculated by each water purifying device at the cloud end to obtain the calibrated filter element life;
s4, submitting acquired data of the water purification equipment and the service life of the calibrated filter element to a blockchain network in a transaction mode through a blockchain network (RPC) interface according to authentication data of the water purification equipment;
and S5, each water purifying device acquires the latest filter element life data from the block chain network and takes the latest filter element life data as the real filter element life.
The specific method of step S1 includes the following substeps:
s1-1, binding the water purifying equipment and the owner thereof: binding identity information of an owner and hardware information of the water purifying equipment; the identity information of the owner comprises a login account number and a mobile phone number, and the hardware information of the water purification equipment comprises an equipment number and a hardware number;
s1-2, generating a public and private key pair for the owner; the public key is the address of the owner on the block chain, and the private key is used for identity authentication and signature of the registration transaction;
s1-3, broadcasting the completed registration transaction to a blockchain, and adding a new water purification device to a blockchain network after reaching consensus through node verification;
s1-4, continuously acquiring whether the water purifying equipment and/or the owner registered in the blockchain provide a request for accessing the data on the blockchain, if so, judging whether the accessed data belongs to the data of the owner, if so, entering the step S1-5, otherwise, entering the step S1-6; wherein the water purification equipment and/or the owner who makes the access request is the request subject;
s1-5, verifying the private key and the access strategy of the request main body through the blockchain, if the private key and the access strategy both pass through the blockchain, accepting the access request and returning corresponding data, otherwise, refusing the access and ending the current access request;
s1-6, the request main body sends a target address and an operation request to the data holder, the public key of the request main body is verified by the data holder to obtain the identity of the request main body, a corresponding access strategy is created for the request main body according to the operation request of the request main body after the verification is passed, the access strategy is packaged in the output of the transaction in the form of a locking script, the public key is sent to the request main body through the transaction, the transaction is broadcasted to the block chain network, and the current request is ended.
The collected data of the water purification apparatus in step S2 includes water usage data, TDS data, water leakage data, and microorganism content data.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to make the water purification system more flexible, rapid and easy to expand, the invention adopts a mesh-shaped DAG chain topology structure to replace the traditional single-chain storage structure, and verifies a plurality of blocks in parallel under the condition that the block packing time is not changed, so that a plurality of terminal nodes can identify and confirm the transaction according to different rhythms, and parallel verification and high concurrent writing are realized, thereby improving the operation efficiency on the chain. One end of the DAG chain is an appearance block with the degree of appearance of 0, a directed acyclic graph is formed from the appearance block to all new blocks, and the hash pointer points to the historical block from the new blocks. Except for the founder block, other blocks can have multiple in-degree and multiple out-degree, and the new block has no in-degree temporarily. The operation principle is as follows: the validity of the N transaction blocks is verified forward each time a new transaction is generated. As transactions are validated by more and more exchanges, either direct or indirect, the confidence in the transaction increases until eventually accepted by the system, forming a new block. Under such a structure, the ledgers of the nodes may not be completely consistent at the same time, but may eventually be consistent.
The specific method of step S4 includes the following substeps:
s4-1, selecting N authoritative nodes for confirming the validity of the transaction on the main chain and checking the whole network transaction, wherein the authoritative nodes comprise a time stamp for recording transaction blocks and a step of supervising each block to carry out verification according to the sorting of the weight values; the server of the cloud is an authoritative node;
s4-2, when the acquired data corresponding to any terminal node and the calibrated filter element life serve as a data transaction, finding out two blocks with the highest weight values from the father blocks which have direct or indirect relation with the node initiating the data transaction;
s4-3, packing the random values of the two blocks with the highest weight values and the transaction content of the node initiating the data transaction, adding a random number, and acquiring the hash value of the packed content added with the random number;
s4-4, judging whether the first N bits of the hash value are all 0, if yes, taking the hash value as the weight value of the node initiating the data transaction and entering the step S4-5; otherwise, changing the random value and returning to the step S4-3;
s4-5, broadcasting the weight value and the corresponding random number obtained in the step S4-4 to the whole block chain network;
s4-6, verifying the weight value and the random number corresponding to the new block by the sub-block initiating the new transaction in other nodes in the blockchain network in the same method as the steps S4-2 to S4-5;
s4-7, if the weight value and the random number corresponding to the new block are verified by more than half of authority nodes, the new block is determined to be valid, and the step S4-8 is entered; otherwise, abandoning the new block, reducing the weight of the node initiating the data transaction, and entering the step S4-9;
s4-8, judging whether the current new block conflicts with the historical block, if yes, comparing the main chain indexes of the two conflicting blocks, adding the block with the low main chain index into the block chain network, discarding the block with the high main chain index, and entering the step S4-9; in the main chain of the authoritative node witness, all blocks are positioned in the main chain, or the main chain can be reached by jumping forwards by a few parent blocks, and the number of jumping is called as a main chain index; the step can solve the problem of double flowers;
s4-9, judging whether the weighted value of a node is 0, if so, discarding the node from the block chain network.
The block weight value obtaining method comprises the following steps: and acquiring the number of nodes of the block which are authenticated by other nodes, and adding 1 to the number as a weight value of the block. For example, node C in fig. 3 is verified by node a and node B, and node C has a weight of 3.
The numerical value N is obtained by the following method: judging whether the number of nodes in the blockchain network is less than 15, if so, dividing the number of the nodes in the blockchain network by 3 and taking the number rounded up as the value of N; otherwise, taking 5 as the value of N.
The system for protecting the data safety of the water purifying equipment based on the block chain comprises a cloud server, a block chain supporting module arranged at the water purifying equipment and a block chain network arranged in the cloud server;
the block chain supporting module is used for binding the water purifying equipment and an owner of the water purifying equipment and adding the water purifying equipment into a block chain network; sending the acquired data of the water purifying equipment, the calculated filter element service life and the authentication data of the water purifying equipment to a cloud end; acquiring the latest filter element service life data from the block chain network and taking the latest filter element service life data as the real filter element service life of the block chain network;
the cloud server is used for performing machine learning calibration on the filter element life calculated by each water purifying device through the acquired data and the filter element life uploaded to the cloud by each water purifying device to obtain the calibrated filter element life; submitting the acquired data of the water purifying equipment and the service life of the calibrated filter element to a block chain network in real time in a transaction mode through a block chain network (RPC) interface according to the authentication data of the water purifying equipment;
the block chain network is used for storing the acquired data and the filter element service life corresponding to each water purifying device, and the operation authority and the operation record of all the water purifying devices and the owner on a certain resource; the service life of the filter element is updated by each water purifying device; the system is used for each owner to obtain the latest filter element life data and all collected data of the water purifying equipment held by the owner, and for each owner to obtain the operation authority and the operation record of all the water purifying equipment and the owner to a certain resource.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, node a finds B, C, D, F, E the B block with the highest weight value among the five parent blocks directly or indirectly related to a and the direct parent block E block with the highest weight value of the B block belonging to the parent block directly related to node a and the E block belonging to the parent block indirectly related to node a for verification.
In the specific implementation process, since the operation authority of all the subjects on a certain resource is recorded on the block chain, all the subjects can view the resource. If the owner of a certain data/resource maliciously rejects an access request that satisfies the conditions, it will likely be publicly reviewed. Each owner can obtain the latest filter element life data and all collected data of the water purifying equipment held by the owner from the block chain network so as to know the historical operating conditions of the water purifying equipment.
In summary, the invention changes each water purifying device into an independent network node capable of self-maintenance and adjustment, and the nodes can perform functions of exchanging information or verifying identity with other nodes on the basis of rules specified in advance or implanted. No matter how long the life cycle of the equipment is, whether the equipment needs to be updated or replaced, the block information acquired after the new equipment is added into the chain is absolutely safe and traceable, so that the method and the system can ensure that the relevant data of the water purifying equipment in the Internet of things ecosystem are not falsified, and can be used for a proprietor to check the historical data of the water purifying equipment and know the use state of the water purifying equipment.
Claims (3)
1. A method for protecting data safety of water purification equipment based on a block chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, binding the water purifying equipment and the owner thereof, and adding the water purifying equipment into a block chain network;
s2, acquiring the acquired data of the water purifying equipment, calculating the service life of the filter element, and sending the acquired data, the calculated service life of the filter element and the authentication data of the water purifying equipment to a cloud end;
s3, uploading the acquired data and the filter element life to the cloud end through each water purifying device, and performing machine learning calibration on the filter element life calculated by each water purifying device at the cloud end to obtain the calibrated filter element life;
s4, submitting acquired data of the water purification equipment and the service life of the calibrated filter element to a blockchain network in real time in a transaction mode through a blockchain network (RPC) interface according to authentication data of the water purification equipment;
s5, each water purifying device obtains the latest filter element life data from the block chain network and takes the latest filter element life data as the real filter element life;
the specific method of the step S1 includes the following sub-steps:
s1-1, binding the water purifying equipment and the owner thereof: binding identity information of an owner and hardware information of the water purifying equipment; the identity information of the owner comprises a login account number and a mobile phone number, and the hardware information of the water purification equipment comprises an equipment number and a hardware number;
s1-2, generating a public and private key pair for the owner; the public key is the address of the owner on the block chain, and the private key is used for identity authentication and signature of the registration transaction;
s1-3, broadcasting the completed registration transaction to a blockchain, and adding a new water purification device to a blockchain network after reaching consensus through node verification;
s1-4, continuously acquiring whether the water purifying equipment and/or the owner registered in the blockchain provide a request for accessing the data on the blockchain, if so, judging whether the accessed data belongs to the data of the owner, if so, entering the step S1-5, otherwise, entering the step S1-6; wherein the water purification equipment and/or the owner who makes the access request is the request subject;
s1-5, verifying the private key and the access strategy of the request main body through the blockchain, if the private key and the access strategy both pass through the blockchain, accepting the access request and returning corresponding data, otherwise, refusing the access and ending the current access request;
s1-6, the request main body sends a target address and an operation request to the data holder, the public key of the request main body is verified by the data holder to obtain the identity of the request main body, a corresponding access strategy is created for the request main body according to the operation request of the request main body after the verification is passed, the access strategy is packaged in the output of the transaction in the form of a locking script, the public key is sent to the request main body through the transaction, the transaction is broadcasted to the block chain network, and the current request is ended;
the block chain network in the step S1 is a DAG chain, one end of the DAG chain is an created block with an out-degree of 0, the created block to all new blocks form a directed acyclic graph, and the hash pointer points to the history block from the new block;
the specific method of the step S4 includes the following sub-steps:
s4-1, selecting N authoritative nodes for confirming the validity of the transaction on the main chain and checking the whole network transaction, wherein the authoritative nodes comprise a time stamp for recording transaction blocks and a step of supervising each block to carry out verification according to the sorting of the weight values; the server of the cloud is an authoritative node;
s4-2, when the acquired data corresponding to any terminal node and the calibrated filter element life serve as a data transaction, finding out two blocks with the highest weight values from the father blocks which have direct or indirect relation with the node initiating the data transaction;
s4-3, packing the random values of the two blocks with the highest weight values and the transaction content of the node initiating the data transaction, adding a random number, and acquiring the hash value of the packed content added with the random number;
s4-4, judging whether the first N bits of the hash value are all 0, if yes, taking the hash value as the weight value of the node initiating the data transaction and entering the step S4-5; otherwise, changing the random value and returning to the step S4-3;
s4-5, broadcasting the weight value and the corresponding random number obtained in the step S4-4 to the whole block chain network;
s4-6, verifying the weight value and the random number corresponding to the new block by the sub-block initiating the new transaction in other nodes in the blockchain network in the same method as the steps S4-2 to S4-5;
s4-7, if the weight value and the random number corresponding to the new block are verified by more than half of authority nodes, the new block is determined to be valid, and the step S4-8 is entered; otherwise, abandoning the new block, reducing the weight of the node initiating the data transaction, and entering the step S4-9;
s4-8, judging whether the current new block conflicts with the historical block, if yes, comparing the main chain indexes of the two conflicting blocks, adding the block with the low main chain index into the block chain network, discarding the block with the high main chain index, and entering the step S4-9;
s4-9, judging whether the weight value of a node is 0, if so, discarding the node from the block chain network;
the block weight value obtaining method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the number of nodes of the block which are authenticated by other nodes, and adding 1 to the number as a weight value of the block;
the numerical value N is obtained by the following method:
judging whether the number of nodes in the blockchain network is less than 15, if so, dividing the number of the nodes in the blockchain network by 3 and taking the number rounded up as the value of N; otherwise, taking 5 as the value of N.
2. The method for protecting data security of a water purifying device based on a block chain as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collected data of the water purifying device in the step S2 includes water usage data, TDS data, water leakage data, and microorganism content data.
3. A system for protecting data security of a water purification unit based on a block chain, which adopts the method for protecting data security of a water purification unit based on a block chain of claim 1 or 2, and comprises a cloud server, a block chain support module arranged at the water purification unit, and a block chain network arranged in the cloud server;
the block chain supporting module is used for binding the water purifying equipment and an owner thereof and adding the water purifying equipment into a block chain network; sending the acquired data of the water purifying equipment, the calculated filter element service life and the authentication data of the water purifying equipment to a cloud end; acquiring the latest filter element service life data from the block chain network and taking the latest filter element service life data as the real filter element service life of the block chain network;
the cloud server is used for performing machine learning calibration on the filter element life calculated by each water purifying device through the acquired data and the filter element life uploaded to the cloud by each water purifying device to obtain the calibrated filter element life; submitting the acquired data of the water purifying equipment and the service life of the calibrated filter element to a block chain network in real time in a transaction mode through a block chain network (RPC) interface according to the authentication data of the water purifying equipment;
the block chain network is used for storing the acquired data and the filter element service life corresponding to each water purifying device, and the operation authority and the operation record of all the water purifying devices and the owner on a certain resource; the service life of the filter element is updated by each water purifying device; the system is used for each owner to obtain the latest filter element life data and all collected data of the water purifying equipment held by the owner, and for each owner to obtain the operation authority and the operation record of all the water purifying equipment and the owner to a certain resource.
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