CN111900519B - Combiner based on microstrip line coupling - Google Patents
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
- H04B1/50—Circuits using different frequencies for the two directions of communication
- H04B1/52—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
Abstract
The invention provides a combiner based on microstrip line coupling, which can further divide the working bandwidth of a frequency hopping filter into a plurality of narrow bandwidths with the same width by arranging a microstrip line group, wherein the bandwidths of adjacent microstrip lines are different, only signals with the frequency within the bandwidth are allowed to pass, the interference frequency spectrum in input signals can be filtered, and effective frequency spectrum is obtained, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the combiner is improved, and the insertion loss is reduced; by limiting the length and the width of the microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line can be completely matched with the impedance of the receiving element, and the transmitted signal energy can be completely transmitted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of combiners in the field of frequency hopping communication, in particular to a combiner based on microstrip line coupling.
Background
The combiner is mainly used in frequency hopping communication, and can realize simultaneous receiving and transmitting of different frequencies by sharing one antenna by a plurality of communication radio stations. The current combiner has two implementation methods: a segmented LC filter method and a 3dB bridge cascade method. The segmented LC filter method is complex in structure, difficult to debug, large in size and weight, and is an early combiner implementation method. The 3dB bridge cascade method has relatively simple structure and low debugging difficulty; however, as the number of paths increases, the loss of the combiner is greatly lost on the bridge, so that the insertion loss is seriously deteriorated, and the combiner with a large number of paths cannot be realized; and with the increase of the number of paths, the frequency of the combiner is higher, the frequency band is wider, and the problems of large insertion loss, large fluctuation, unequal phases and the like of the combiner are caused. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a combiner based on microstrip line coupling, which can reduce insertion loss and realize combining of multiple signals.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a combiner based on microstrip line coupling, which can reduce insertion loss and realize combining of multiple signals.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the invention provides a combiner based on microstrip line coupling, which comprises N channels and an antenna, wherein each channel comprises a frequency hopping filter, a first radio frequency switch group, a second radio frequency switch group and a microstrip line group;
the input signal of each channel enters a first radio frequency switch group through a frequency hopping filter, a plurality of output ends of the first radio frequency switch group are respectively and electrically connected with one ends of a plurality of microstrip lines in a microstrip line group in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the other ends of the plurality of microstrip lines in the microstrip line group are respectively and correspondingly connected with a plurality of input ends of a second radio frequency switch group in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the output end of the second radio frequency switch group is connected with one end of an antenna.
On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, the microstrip line group includes n microstrip lines, each microstrip line is a 50 ohm microstrip line with different line lengths, and the line length of each microstrip line is determined by the working bandwidth where the microstrip line is located; the number of microstrip lines is determined by the operating bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter.
Further preferably, the number of microstrip lines satisfies the formula: f1+ (n-2) Δ F ═ F2;
wherein n is the number of the microstrip lines and is more than 2, and if the calculated n is a decimal, the n is an integer number before the decimal point; f1 is the lower limit frequency of the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter; f2 is the upper limit frequency of the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter; Δ F is the bandwidth between adjacent microstrip lines, where Δ F ═ F0×20％，F0Is the center frequency of the operating bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter.
Further preferably, the n microstrip lines in the microstrip line set equally divide the operating bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter into n-2 narrow bandwidths, where the narrow bandwidth is Δ F.
Still further preferably, the length of the microstrip line satisfies the formula:
in the formula, L is the length of the microstrip line; lambda [ alpha ]0The wavelength of the center frequency of the bandwidth in which the microstrip line is located.
Preferably, the length of the microstrip line is extended by 4 times, so that the central frequency of the bandwidth where the microstrip line is located is changed to 4 times, and a 4-frequency doubling function is realized.
Further preferably, the width of the microstrip line satisfies the formula:
in the formula, w is the width of the microstrip line; z0Is a characteristic impedance with a value equal to 50 Ω; zfIs the wave impedance in free space, which is a constant of 376.8 Ω; epsiloneffIs the dielectric constant; h is the microstrip line substrate thickness.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the frequency hopping range of the frequency hopping filter is different in each channel.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the mobile terminal further includes a control circuit, a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit;
the control circuit outputs control signals for gating the first radio frequency switch group and the second radio frequency switch group, the control signals for gating the first radio frequency switch group are output to the first switching circuit, and a plurality of output ends of the first switching circuit are respectively and correspondingly electrically connected with the control ends of a plurality of radio frequency switches in the first radio frequency switch group one by one; and the control signals of the second radio frequency switch group are gated and output to the second switching circuit, and a plurality of output ends of the second switching circuit are respectively and electrically connected with the control ends of a plurality of radio frequency switches in the second radio frequency switch group in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
Compared with the prior art, the combiner based on microstrip line coupling has the following beneficial effects:
(1) by arranging the microstrip line group, the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter can be further divided into a plurality of narrow bandwidths with the same width, the bandwidths between the adjacent microstrip lines are different, only the signal with the frequency within the bandwidth is allowed to pass, the interference frequency spectrum in the input signal can be filtered, and the effective frequency spectrum can be obtained, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the combiner is improved, and the insertion loss is reduced;
(2) because the number of the microstrip lines in the microstrip line group affects the number of the radio frequency switches in the first radio frequency switch group and the second radio frequency switch group, if one radio frequency switch can be used for gating all the microstrip lines, different first switching circuits and different second switching circuits can be used; if the number of the microstrip lines is large, one radio frequency switch cannot complete the gating of all the microstrip lines, a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit are needed to be arranged, and the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit control the gating of the first radio frequency switch group and the second radio frequency switch group;
(3) the number of the microstrip lines in the microstrip line group is determined by determining the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter, the adjacent microstrip lines are equivalent to band-pass filters with different bandwidths, and after the signal of the incoming signal is screened by the frequency hopping filter, the signal is further screened by the band-pass filter consisting of the microstrip lines, so that the noise in the input signal can be reduced;
(4) by limiting the length and the width of the microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line can be completely matched with the impedance of the receiving element, and the transmitted signal energy can be completely transmitted;
(5) if the microstrip line is extended by 4 times of the original line length, the central frequency of the bandwidth where the microstrip line is located is changed to be 4 times of the original central frequency, and the function of 4-time frequency multiplication is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a combiner based on microstrip line coupling according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a single channel in a combiner based on microstrip-line coupling according to the present invention;
fig. 3 shows the length of the microstrip line in the microstrip line set in embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the microstrip-line coupling based combiner of the present invention includes N channels and an antenna. Each channel comprises a frequency hopping filter, a first radio frequency switch group, a second radio frequency switch group, a microstrip line group, a control circuit, a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit.
The frequency hopping filter is used as an important component in frequency hopping communication, is used for realizing frequency hopping of different frequency bands, only allows signals in a certain frequency range to pass through, and improves the anti-interference capability of communication; and filtering the interference frequency spectrum from the signals received by the antenna to obtain an effective frequency spectrum, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the frequency hopping communication system. In this embodiment, the frequency hopping range of the frequency hopping filter in each channel is different.
The first radio frequency switch group comprises a plurality of radio frequency switches with the same structure; the radio frequency switch is a single-input multi-output end change-over switch. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, an input signal of a channel enters the first radio frequency switch group through the frequency hopping filter, and a plurality of output terminals of the first radio frequency switch group are electrically connected to one end of a plurality of microstrip lines in the microstrip line group in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The input signal of the channel enters the first radio frequency switch after passing through the frequency hopping filter, and the radio frequency switch in the first radio frequency switch group gates a specific channel under the control of the controller, so that the input signal of the channel can enter the microstrip line group through the first radio frequency switch group. The present embodiment does not limit the type of the rf switch, and an one-out-of-eight rf switch commonly used in the art may be selected.
The microstrip line group comprises n microstrip lines; in this embodiment, each microstrip line is a 50 ohm microstrip line with different line lengths, and the line length of each microstrip line is determined by the working bandwidth of the microstrip line; the number of microstrip lines is determined by the operating bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter. The n microstrip lines in the microstrip line group equally divide the working bandwidth of the channel where the microstrip line group is located into n-2 bandwidths.
And the control circuit respectively controls the radio frequency switches in the first radio frequency switch group and the second radio frequency switch group to be switched on. In this embodiment, the control circuit may be a control circuit for gating the rf switch in the prior art. The control circuit of the present embodiment is clear and complete to those skilled in the art, and therefore, will not be described herein again.
And the first switching circuit comprises switching switches, and the number of the switching switches is related to the number of the radio frequency switches in the first radio frequency switch group. As shown in fig. 2, the control circuit outputs a control signal for gating the first rf switch set to the first switching circuit, and a plurality of output terminals of the first switching circuit are electrically connected to the control terminals of a plurality of rf switches in the first rf switch set in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The first switching circuit gates a specified radio frequency switch in the first radio frequency switch group according to a control signal output by the control circuit and used for gating the first radio frequency switch group, and the specified radio frequency switch receives the control signal output by the control circuit and gates a specified channel according to the control signal, so that an input signal of the channel enters the microstrip line in a specified frequency range.
And the second switching circuit comprises switching switches, and the number of the switching switches is related to the number of the radio frequency switches in the second radio frequency switch group. As shown in fig. 2, the control circuit outputs a control signal for gating the second rf switch set to the second switching circuit, and a plurality of output terminals of the second switching circuit are electrically connected to the control terminals of a plurality of rf switches in the second rf switch set in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The second switching circuit and the first switching circuit gate the same microstrip line, so that a channel is formed, and signals can be input and output through the second switching circuit and the first switching circuit.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: when the signal is sent, the input signals with different frequencies are respectively combined into a path of signal through different channels by the combiner and then sent out through the antenna. When a signal enters a channel, firstly, an interference frequency spectrum is filtered through a frequency hopping filter to obtain an effective frequency spectrum, meanwhile, a control circuit controls the conduction of a radio frequency switch in a first radio frequency switch group through a first switching circuit, an input signal enters a microstrip line group through the first radio frequency switch group, and as a band-pass filter is formed by adjacent microstrip lines in the microstrip line group, the input signal enters microstrip lines meeting bandwidth requirements, and then enters a second radio frequency switch group after being transmitted through the microstrip lines, at the moment, the control circuit controls the gating of the radio frequency switch in the second radio frequency switch group, the input signal is converged to an antenna through the second radio frequency switch group, and after output signals of each channel are synthesized, the output signals are emitted out through the antenna.
The beneficial effect of this embodiment does: by arranging the microstrip line group, the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter can be further divided into a plurality of narrow bandwidths with the same width, the bandwidths between the adjacent microstrip lines are different, only the signal with the frequency within the bandwidth is allowed to pass, the interference frequency spectrum in the input signal can be filtered, and the effective frequency spectrum can be obtained, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the combiner is improved, and the insertion loss is reduced;
because the number of the microstrip lines in the microstrip line group affects the number of the radio frequency switches in the first radio frequency switch group and the second radio frequency switch group, if one radio frequency switch can be used for gating all the microstrip lines, different first switching circuits and different second switching circuits can be used; if the number of the microstrip lines is large and the gating of all the microstrip lines cannot be completed by using one radio frequency switch, a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit are required to be arranged, and the gating of the first radio frequency switch group and the second radio frequency switch group is controlled by the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a method for designing a microstrip line based on embodiment 1.
Further preferably, in order to filter an interference spectrum in the input signal and obtain an effective spectrum, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the combiner and reduce insertion loss, in this embodiment, the number of microstrip lines in the microstrip line group is limited. Preferably, the number of microstrip lines satisfies the formula: f1+ (n-2) Δ F ═ F2;
wherein n is the number of the microstrip lines and is more than 2, and if the calculated n is a decimal, the n is an integer number before the decimal point; f1 is the lower limit frequency of the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter; f2 is the upper limit frequency of the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter; Δ F is the bandwidth between adjacent microstrip lines, where Δ F ═ F0×20％，F0Is the center frequency of the operating bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter.
The n microstrip lines in the microstrip line group equally divide the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter into n-2 narrow bandwidths. For example, assuming that the operating bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter in the channel 1 is 30MHz-88MHz, and the center frequency is 30MHz, that is, F1 is 30MHz, F2 is 88MHz, and Δ F is 6MHz, the number of microstrip lines can be 11 according to the equation satisfied by the number of microstrip lines. As shown in fig. 3, the 11 microstrip lines are numbered from 1 to 11, and a1-a11 respectively represent the 11 microstrip lines, so that the operating bandwidths of a1-a2 are 30MHz-36 MHz; the working bandwidth of A2-A3 is 36MHz-42 MHz; the working bandwidth of A3-A4 is 42MHz-48 MHz; and analogizing in turn to obtain the working bandwidth between two adjacent microstrip lines.
The length of the microstrip line satisfies the formula:
in the formula, L is the length of the microstrip line; lambda [ alpha ]0The wavelength of the central frequency of the bandwidth of the microstrip line and the central frequency F of the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter0Different. Taking the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter as an example of 30-88 MHz, when calculating the length of the microstrip line A2, the center frequency of the bandwidth of A2 should be calculated, that is, the center frequency of the working bandwidth of A1-A2 should be calculated, and the calculated center frequency is f0A1 is to f0Wavelength λ of0The value is substituted into the length of the microstrip line to satisfy the formula, and the length of the microstrip line A2 can be obtained. The calculation method of the microstrip line A3-a11 is the same as that of the microstrip line a2, and therefore, the description thereof will not be repeated.
In this embodiment, if the microstrip line is extended by 4 times of the original line length, the center frequency of the bandwidth where the microstrip line is located is changed to 4 times of the original center frequency, so as to implement a 4-frequency doubling function, and facilitate frequency expansion. If the length of the microstrip line is extended, the number of the microstrip lines is also reduced adaptively, and the specific reduction number is determined according to the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter, which is not described herein again.
Preferably, the process of transmitting the high-frequency signal and the high-speed digital signal to the receiving element through the microstrip line is a signal transmission process, and in the signal transmission process, if the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is matched with the impedance of the receiving element, the energy of the input signal can be completely transmitted; if the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is not matched with the impedance of the receiving element, problems such as reflection, loss, attenuation or time delay and the like are sent in the signal transmission process, and even complete distortion is caused to cause that the original real signal cannot be received in serious cases.
However, the thickness and width of the microstrip line, the distance between the microstrip line and the ground layer, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric determine the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line. If the characteristic impedance is determined, the thickness, width and distance from the ground layer of the microstrip line can be controlled according to the characteristic impedance. In this embodiment, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is 50 Ω, and the width of the microstrip line is limited in order to match the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line with the impedance of the receiving element. Further preferably, if the width of the microstrip line is reduced, an edge effect of the microstrip line is very obvious, and an interference signal caused by the edge effect directly affects the quality of frequency hopping communication.
The width of the microstrip line satisfies the formula:
in the formula, w is the width of the microstrip line; z0For characteristic impedance, in this embodiment, it is equal to 50 Ω; zfIs the wave impedance in free space, which is a constant of 376.8 Ω; epsiloneffIs the dielectric constant; h is the microstrip line substrate thickness. Wherein h is a known amount.
The beneficial effect of this embodiment does: the number of the microstrip lines in the microstrip line group is determined by determining the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter, the adjacent microstrip lines are equivalent to band-pass filters with different bandwidths, and after the signal of the incoming signal is screened by the frequency hopping filter, the signal is further screened by the band-pass filter consisting of the microstrip lines, so that the noise in the input signal can be reduced;
by limiting the length and the width of the microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line can be completely matched with the impedance of the receiving element, and the transmitted signal energy can be completely transmitted;
the microstrip line is prolonged by 4 times of the original line length, so that the center frequency of the bandwidth where the microstrip line is located is changed to 4 times of the original center frequency, and the function of 4-time frequency multiplication can be realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. Combiner based on microstrip line coupling, it includes N channel and antenna, its characterized in that: each channel comprises a frequency hopping filter, a first radio frequency switch group, a second radio frequency switch group and a microstrip line group;
the input signal of each channel enters a first radio frequency switch group through a frequency hopping filter, a plurality of output ends of the first radio frequency switch group are respectively and electrically connected with one end of a plurality of microstrip lines in a microstrip line group in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the other ends of the plurality of microstrip lines in the microstrip line group are respectively and correspondingly connected with a plurality of input ends of a second radio frequency switch group in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the output end of the second radio frequency switch group is connected with one end of an antenna;
the microstrip line group comprises n microstrip lines, each microstrip line is respectively a microstrip line with 50 ohms and different line lengths, and the line length of each microstrip line is determined by the working bandwidth of the microstrip line; the number of microstrip lines is determined by the operating bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter.
2. The microstrip-line coupling based combiner of claim 1 wherein: the number of the microstrip lines satisfies the formula: f1+ (n-2) Δ F ═ F2;
wherein n is the number of the microstrip lines and is more than 2, and if the calculated n is a decimal, the n is an integer number before the decimal point; f1 is the lower limit frequency of the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter; f2 is the upper limit frequency of the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter; Δ F is the bandwidth between adjacent microstrip lines, where Δ F ═ F0×20％，F0Is the center frequency of the operating bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter.
3. The microstrip-line coupling based combiner of claim 2 wherein: the n microstrip lines in the microstrip line group equally divide the working bandwidth of the frequency hopping filter into n-2 narrow bandwidths, and the narrow bandwidths are delta F.
4. Microstrip-based according to claim 1Line coupled combiner, its characterized in that: the length of the microstrip line satisfies the formula:
in the formula, L is the length of the microstrip line; lambda [ alpha ]0The wavelength of the center frequency of the bandwidth in which the microstrip line is located.
5. The microstrip-line coupling based combiner of claim 4 wherein: the microstrip line is extended by 4 times of the original line length, so that the center frequency of the bandwidth where the microstrip line is located is changed to be 4 times of the original center frequency, and the function of 4-time frequency multiplication is realized.
6. The microstrip-line coupling based combiner of claim 1 wherein: the width of the microstrip line satisfies the formula:
in the formula, w is the width of the microstrip line; z0Is a characteristic impedance with a value equal to 50 Ω; zfIs the wave impedance in free space, which is a constant of 376.8 Ω; epsiloneffIs the dielectric constant; h is the microstrip line substrate thickness.
7. The microstrip-line coupling based combiner of claim 1 wherein: the frequency hopping range of the frequency hopping filter in each of the channels is different.
8. The microstrip-line coupling based combiner of claim 1 wherein: the circuit also comprises a control circuit, a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit;
the control circuit outputs control signals for gating the first radio frequency switch group and the second radio frequency switch group, the control signals for gating the first radio frequency switch group are output to the first switching circuit, and a plurality of output ends of the first switching circuit are respectively and correspondingly and electrically connected with control ends of a plurality of radio frequency switches in the first radio frequency switch group one by one; and the control signals of the second radio frequency switch group are gated and output to the second switching circuit, and a plurality of output ends of the second switching circuit are respectively and electrically connected with the control ends of a plurality of radio frequency switches in the second radio frequency switch group in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
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| CN106797064B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2019-09-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Micro-strip multiplexer |
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| CN107331926A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-11-07 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Micro-strip double-passband filter |
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| CN209515949U (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-10-18 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of plane bandpass filter based on parallel coupled line |
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