CN111899627A - A multifunctional experimental teaching instrument for space cam mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a multifunctional experimental teaching instrument for the space cam mechanism, which can not only demonstrate the motion relationship between the cylindrical cam and the follower when the cylindrical cam mechanism moves in space, but also obtain the motion parameters of the cylindrical cam and the follower, and more The important thing is that the relative motion principle can be used to realize the inversion method to demonstrate the spatial compound motion of the follower. By fixing the right handle and shaking the left handle, the cylindrical cam can drive the follower to move or swing. Demonstration and motion parameter reading When the left handle is fixed, the cylindrical cam is fixed. At this time, shaking the right handle can realize the space compound motion of the follower, and obtain the corresponding motion parameters of the follower when it moves in space; at the same time, the device can Enables replacement of both linear and oscillating follower types. The device can realize the acquisition of the motion law of the follower in the cylindrical cam mechanism and the demonstration of the design principle of the cylindrical cam profile curve inversion method.

Description

A multifunctional experimental teaching instrument for space cam mechanism

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of mechanics in mechanical principles, in particular to the design of a space cam mechanism, in particular to a multifunctional experimental teaching instrument for the space cam mechanism.

Background technique

The cam mechanism is a common motion mechanism. The motion law of the cam mechanism depends on the contour of the cam or the shape of the groove. It is not only simple and compact in structure, but also can accurately realize various expected motion laws. It is widely used in various automatics. Machinery, Instruments and Manipulations.

The driving part in the space cam mechanism is generally a cylindrical cam with a groove, and the follower completes the predetermined motion law under the shape constraint of the groove. Analysis is very important. When students study the space cam mechanism, it is difficult to understand the motion law of the follower and its outline design principle, especially the process involved in the graphic and analytical methods of designing the outline of the space cam based on the reversal principle.

At present, there is no teaching instrument for obtaining the motion law of the follower of the space cam mechanism and the contour of the space cam. In order to let students have a perceptual understanding of the working principle of the space cam mechanism and its design and analysis methods, a set of teaching instruments that can not only demonstrate the space cam mechanism is designed. Demonstrate the motion and obtain the motion law of the follower, and can realize the reversal principle to demonstrate the spatial compound motion of the follower of the space cam mechanism and obtain the cam profile curve, which is helpful for students to learn and master the analysis and design of the space cam mechanism.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new set of experimental teaching devices and experimental methods for analysis and design demonstration of spatial cam mechanisms and cam profile acquisition in view of the current experimental teaching needs of spatial cam mechanisms and in combination with the lack of current cam mechanism teaching equipment. The device is easy to use, and can replace the types of direct-acting follower and swing follower, obtain the motion law of different types of follower, demonstrate the design method of the reversal principle to obtain the contour of the space cam, and make up for the shortage of the experimental teaching instrument of the space cam mechanism .

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A multifunctional experimental teaching instrument for a spatial cam mechanism, characterized in that it includes a bracket base plate assembly, a groove-type cylindrical cam, a left drive assembly, a right drive assembly and a driven assembly; wherein the support base plate assembly includes a left bracket, a right Side bracket and base plate; left drive assembly includes left camshaft, left handle, left dial, left bracket bearing, left bracket bearing of follower, left camshaft flat key, left handle top wire, cam Corner pointer, bearing positioning retaining ring; right drive assembly includes right camshaft, right handle, right dial, right bracket bearing, right cam bearing, right handle top wire, right follower bracket flat key, right bearing retaining ring, follower corner pointer; follower components include follower left bracket, follower right bracket, follower slide bar, follower slide bar left fixing piece, follower slide Rod right fixing, linear follower slider, follower roller, roller limiter; among them, in the driven assembly, the linear follower slider, follower roller, roller limiter The swing follower assembly can be replaced with a swing follower assembly, the swing follower assembly includes a swing follower slider, a swing link link, a sector code disc, a swing bar, a first swing link joint, a swing link fixing piece, a swing follower Part roller limiter, follower roller, second swing rod joint, follower roller link, swing follower slider top wire, swing rod angle pointer;

The left and right sides of the bottom plate are respectively equipped with a left bracket and a right bracket, and the left bracket and the right bracket are provided with a left bearing seat hole and a right bearing seat hole; The left bracket bearing in the drive assembly is fitted and installed, and the right bearing seat hole is fitted with the right bracket bearing in the right drive assembly;

The inner ring of the left bracket bearing in the left drive assembly is matched with the left camshaft, the left camshaft is stepped, and the large end is matched with the left shaft hole of the grooved cylindrical cam, and passes through all the shafts. The left camshaft flat key and the grooved cylindrical cam are circumferentially fixed; a shoulder is set on the proximal large end side of the left camshaft for positioning the left bracket bearing of the follower, the follower The bracket bearing is positioned and separated from the left bracket bearing of the follower by the left positioning retaining ring; the other side of the left bracket bearing is positioned and fixed by the left handle; the left dial is fixed on the The outer side of the left bracket is concentric with the left bearing seat hole; a through hole is processed on the connecting rod of the left handle, and at the same time, the left bracket is processed with a positioning through hole, and the center of the through hole on the left handle is far from the left The distance between the rotation center of the side camshaft is the same as the distance between the center of the positioning through hole and the center of the left bearing seat hole; a cam angle pointer is installed on the circular ring part of the left handle, which is used to indicate the groove type cylindrical cam during the experiment. Rotation angle.

In the right drive assembly, the inner ring of the right bracket bearing is matched with the right camshaft, the right camshaft is stepped and the large end side is matched with the inner ring of the right cam bearing, and the right cam bearing is matched with the inner ring of the right cam bearing. The outer ring is assembled on the shaft hole on the right side of the grooved cylindrical cam and forms a fit; the right side of the right side cam bearing is positioned by the right side bearing retainer ring, and the other side of the right side bearing retainer ring is connected with the slave ring. The right bracket of the follower is contacted and positioned; the right bracket of the follower is machined with a through hole with a key slot, and the through hole is matched with the right follower bracket on the middle end of the right camshaft shaft with a flat key, The right camshaft and the right bracket of the follower are circumferentially fixed, and the right side of the right bracket of the follower is separated and positioned from the right bracket bearing through the right bearing retaining ring; the outer ring of the right bracket bearing It is fixedly installed with the right bearing seat hole on the right bracket; the right dial is fixed on the outside of the right bracket by screws and is concentric with the right bearing seat hole; the right side of the inner ring of the right bracket bearing and the The right handle is in contact, and the right handle is assembled on the end of the right camshaft; the right handle is fastened on the right camshaft by the right handle top wire; the connecting rod of the right handle is processed a through hole; meanwhile, the right bracket is machined with a positioning through hole, and the distance between the center of the through hole on the right handle and the rotation center of the right camshaft is the same as the distance between the center of the positioning through hole and the center of the right bearing seat hole; A right-side follower angle pointer is installed on the circular ring part of the right handle to indicate the rotation angle of the follower during reversal during the experiment;

The large diameter hole of the left bracket of the follower in the follower assembly is matched with the bearing of the left bracket of the follower, and the left bracket of the follower is connected with the sliding rod of the follower rod through a rectangular hole and slides through the follower. The left fixing piece of the rod is fixed; the sliding rod of the driven rod is connected with the right bracket of the follower through the rectangular hole and fixed by the fixing piece on the right side of the sliding rod of the follower, so as to ensure the sliding rod of the follower and the left side of the follower. There is no relative movement between the bracket and the right bracket of the follower; the sliding rod of the follower is equipped with a sliding block of the follower and can slide axially along the sliding rod of the follower. a roller of the follower, the end of the roller of the follower is axially limited by the roller limiter;

The swing follower slider in the swing follower assembly is provided with a connecting hole matched with the follower slider bar, and can be installed on the follower slider bar, and can pass through the swing bar follower slider block. The top screw is fixed; the swing follower slider is machined with a groove, and the groove is equipped with a first swing rod joint and is connected by the swing rod connecting piece and the swing rod connecting fixing piece, and the first swing rod joint can swing relative to each other. The rod connecting piece swings; the first rocking rod joint and the second rocking rod joint are fixed on the rocking rod, and the second rocking rod joint is connected with the follower roller through the follower roller connecting piece, and at the same time, through the swinging The roller limiter of the follower performs end fixing and positioning; a sector-shaped code disc is pasted on the swing rod slider, and the center of the sector-shaped code disk is concentric with the rotation center of the first swing rod joint; the swing rod is installed on the A pendulum angle pointer is used to indicate the swing angle of the pendulum.

Further, a scale is printed on the sliding rod of the follower, which is used to measure the axial displacement s of the sliding block of the direct-acting follower; the left scale is fixed on the left bracket, and the cam angle pointer and the The groove-type cylindrical cam is relatively fixed, and is used to indicate the rotation angle θ _T of the groove-type cylindrical cam; the right dial is fixed on the right bracket, and the follower angle pointer is relatively fixed with the driven component, using It is used to indicate the rotation angle θ _Z of the driven assembly around the center of the grooved cylindrical cam; the sector code disc is fixed on the sliding block of the swing follower, and the pendulum angle pointer is fixed on the pendulum rod to indicate the pendulum rod The swing angle ψ.

Further, when the through hole on the right handle is concentric with the positioning hole on the right bracket, after the right handle is fixed relative to the right bracket through the pin, the right drive assembly together with the follower sliding rod is fixed relative to the bracket bottom plate, At this time, shake the left handle to drive the grooved cylindrical cam to rotate around the center of rotation of the cam, and the linear follower slider will reciprocate along the follower slide rod under the drive of the grooved cylindrical cam and the constraint of the groove. ; During the process of shaking the left handle, the rotation angle θ _T of the grooved cylindrical cam and the displacement s of the slider of the linear follower can be recorded simultaneously. After data processing, the contour curve of the cylindrical cam and the slider of the follower can be obtained. The law of motion of : s=f(θ _T ).

Further, when the through hole on the left handle is concentric with the positioning through hole on the left bracket, after the left handle is fixed relative to the left bracket through the pin, the left drive assembly together with the grooved cylindrical cam is fixed relative to the bracket bottom plate. , at this time, shake the right handle to drive the driven component, and the whole rotates around the rotation center of the grooved cylindrical cam. While rotating around the grooved cylindrical cam under the traction of the pulley, it moves linearly along the sliding rod of the follower to realize the spatial compound motion; during the process of shaking the right handle, the rotation angle of the driven component and the direct-acting follower can be recorded synchronously After data processing, the displacement of the slider of the follower can be obtained according to the reversal principle to obtain the contour curve of the cylindrical cam and the motion law of the slider of the follower: s=f(θ _Z ).

Further, the driven component and the swing driven component are replaced by each other, so as to realize the motion demonstration of the cylindrical cam mechanism of the swing follower and the collection experiment of the movement law of the follower; when the swing driven component replaces the driven component, the The sliding block of the oscillating follower is sleeved on the sliding rod of the follower, and the roller of the follower is placed in the groove of the groove cylindrical cam. When the left handle is fixed and the right handle is rotated, the cam rotation angle θ _T and the swing angle ψ of the swing rod corresponding to one rotation of the grooved cylindrical cam can be read, and the swing follower can be obtained after data processing. The law of motion: ψ=f(θ _T ); when the right handle is fixed and the left handle is rotated, the rotation angle θ _Z of the follower assembly and the swing angle ψ of the pendulum rod can be read, and after data processing, the swing from The motion law of the moving piece: ψ=f(θ _Z ).

Further, it is also equipped with a pin with the same outer diameter as the follower roller and a pin with the same outer diameter as the follower roller; the follower roller on the driven assembly and the swing driven assembly can be removed , using the pin shaft with the same outer diameter as the roller to replace the space cylindrical cam mechanism with sliding friction instead of rolling friction.

Further, it is equipped with a plurality of different grooved cylindrical cams with the same external dimensions but different groove tracks, so as to select different grooved cylindrical cams for experimentation.

Further, the linear driven sliding block can only achieve a single degree of freedom to move along the sliding rod relative to the sliding rod of the follower.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

An experimental method for a multi-common energy experimental instrument of a space cam mechanism, characterized in that, through the experimental teaching instrument, the first type of experiment demonstration, the second type of experiment, the third type of experiment demonstration, the fourth type of experiment and the fifth type of experiment demonstration are realized. class experiment.

The first type of experimental demonstration is the demonstration of the motion relationship of the linear push rod cylindrical cam mechanism, the second type of experiment is to obtain the motion law of the linear push rod follower, and the third type of experimental demonstration is the demonstration of the reversal principle of the linear push rod cylindrical cam mechanism , The fourth type of experiment is to obtain the contour curve of the cylindrical cam groove, and the fifth type of experiment is the first type of experiment, the second type of experiment, the third type of experiment and the fourth type of experiment realized after the swing push rod replaces the linear push rod.

The first type of experiment: the right handle is fixed on the right bracket through the pin shaft, and the left handle is rotated in one direction to realize the demonstration experiment that the rotation of the cylindrical cam drives the slider of the linear follower to move in a straight line along the slider of the follower;

The second type of experiment: under the first type of experimental conditions, rotate the left handle intermittently in one direction, record the cam rotation angle θ _Tj and the displacement _si of the slider of the linear follower every time it pauses, and obtain the displacement of the slider of the linear follower. Motion law coordinates (θ _Ti , s _i ), the change curve of the motion law of the follower can be obtained through data processing;

The third type of experiment: the left handle is fixed on the left bracket through the pin, and the right handle is rotated in one direction to realize the fixation of the cylindrical cam. The follower assembly drives the follower slider to rotate around the axis of the cylindrical cam and concave along the cylindrical cam The groove profile moves to realize the motion demonstration of the reversal principle to design the cylindrical cam profile;

The fourth type of experiment: under the third type of experimental conditions, rotate the right handle intermittently in one direction, and every time it pauses, record the follower assembly rotational angle θ _Zi and the linear follower slider displacement _si to obtain the cylindrical cam groove Trajectory curve coordinates (θ _Zi ,s _i );

The fifth type of experiment, after replacing the linear follower slider and its upper components with the swing follower assembly, and positioning and fixing the swing follower slider, the first type of experiment and the third type of experiment can be demonstrated; Similarly, the second and fourth types of experiments can be performed to obtain the motion law coordinates (θ _Ti , ψ _i ) of the oscillating follower and the cylindrical cam groove track curve coordinates (θ _Zi , ψ _i ), respectively.

The second type of experiment and the fourth type of experiment can compare the motion law of the slider of the linear follower or the slider of the swing follower, and verify the correctness of the reversal principle to analyze the cam mechanism and design the cam profile.

The novel space cam mechanism multifunctional experimental instrument provided by the invention has reasonable configuration, can be disassembled and assembled without special technology, realizes the replacement of the sliding block of the follower and the replacement of the cylindrical cam, and meets the requirements and characteristics of the space cam mechanism teaching. The device is easy to operate and easy to obtain parameters. It can fully demonstrate the motion relationship of the spatial cam mechanism, obtain the motion law of the follower and the trajectory of the cylindrical cam groove. It can combine theoretical content with experimental teaching to help students fully understand the design and development of the spatial cam mechanism. analyze.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are respectively a three-dimensional view and a left side view of a multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of a spatial cam mechanism according to the present invention.

3 and 4 are a three-dimensional view and a front view of the left drive assembly L, respectively.

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the left camshaft L1.

6 and 7 are a three-dimensional view and a front view of the right drive assembly R, respectively.

FIG. 8 is a three-dimensional view of the right camshaft R1.

9 and 10 are a three-dimensional view and a front view of the direct-acting follower assembly Z, respectively.

FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional view of the stand base D. FIG.

12 , 13 and 14 are a front view, a left side view and a three-dimensional view of the swing follower assembly, respectively.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the present invention provides a multifunctional experimental teaching instrument for a spatial cam mechanism, which is characterized in that it includes a bracket base plate assembly D, a grooved cylindrical cam T, a left drive assembly L, a right drive assembly R and a driven Assembly Z; the bracket base plate assembly D includes a left bracket D-LJ, a right bracket D-RJ and a base plate D1; the left drive assembly L includes a left camshaft L1, a left handle L2, a left dial L3, a left Side bracket bearing L4, follower left bracket bearing L5, left camshaft flat key L-J, left handle top screw L-D, cam angle pointer L-Z, bearing positioning retaining ring L-Q; right drive assembly R includes right camshaft R1 , right handle R2, right dial R3, right bracket bearing R4, right cam bearing R5, right handle top screw R-D, right follower bracket flat key R-J, right bearing retaining ring R-Q1 and R-Q2, follower angle pointer R-Z; follower assembly Z includes follower left bracket Z-L, follower right bracket Z-R, follower slide bar Z1, follower slide bar left fixing piece Z2, follower The right fixing member Z3 of the sliding rod, the sliding block Z4 of the linear follower, the roller Z5 of the follower, and the limiter Z6 of the roller; The roller Z5 and the roller limiter Z6 can be replaced with a swing follower assembly B, which includes a swing follower slider B1, a swing link B2, a sector code disk B3, and a swing lever B4 , the first pendulum joint B5, the pendulum link fixing member B6, the swing follower roller limiter B7, the follower roller B8, the second pendulum joint B9, the follower roller link B10, the swing Follower slider top wire B11, pendulum angle pointer B-Z;

Two longitudinally elongated base surfaces are provided below the bottom plate D1 of the bracket bottom plate assembly D, and the left and right sides of the bottom plate D1 are respectively equipped with a left bracket D-LJ and a right bracket D-RJ, and the left bracket D-RJ. D-LJ and right bracket D-RJ are provided with left bearing seat hole D-LK and right bearing seat hole D-RK; the left bearing seat hole D-LK and the left bracket bearing in the left drive assembly L L4 is fitted and installed, and the right bearing seat hole D-RK is fitted with the right bracket bearing R4 in the right drive assembly R;

The inner ring of the left bracket bearing L4 in the left drive assembly L is matched with the left camshaft L1, the left camshaft L1 is stepped and the big end is formed with the shaft hole on the left side of the grooved cylindrical cam T The left camshaft L-J and the grooved cylindrical cam T are circumferentially fixed; a shoulder is set on the proximal large end side of the left camshaft L1 for positioning the left side of the follower The bracket bearing L5, the follower bracket bearing L4 is positioned and separated by the left positioning retaining ring L-Q and the left bracket bearing L4 of the follower; the other side of the left bracket bearing L4 is positioned and positioned by the left handle L2. Fixed; the left dial L3 is fixed on the outer side of the left bracket D-LJ through the screw G and is concentric with the left bearing seat hole D-LK; the connecting rod of the left handle L2 is processed with a through hole L-K, At the same time, the left bracket D-LJ is machined with a positioning through hole D-LD, the distance between the center of the through hole L-K on the left handle and the rotation center of the left camshaft L1 and the center of the positioning through hole D-LD and the left The center distance of the bearing seat holes D-LK is the same; the cam rotation angle pointer L-Z is installed on the circular ring part of the left handle L2, which is used to indicate the rotation angle of the grooved cylindrical cam during the experiment.

In the right drive assembly R, the inner ring of the right bracket bearing R4 is matched with the right camshaft R1, the right camshaft R1 is stepped and the large end side is matched with the inner ring of the right cam bearing R5, so The outer ring of the right cam bearing R5 is assembled on the shaft hole on the right side of the grooved cylindrical cam T and forms a fit; the right side of the right cam bearing R5 is positioned by the right bearing retaining ring R-Q1, and the right The other side of the side bearing retaining ring R-Q1 is in contact with and positioned with the right bracket Z-R of the follower; the right bracket Z-R of the follower is machined with a through hole Z-R1 with a keyway, and this through hole is connected to the right bracket Z-R of the follower. The right follower bracket on the middle end of the side camshaft R1 is matched with the flat key R-J, the right camshaft R1 and the follower right bracket Z-R form a circumferential fixation, and the right side of the follower right bracket Z-R passes through the right side of the follower Z-R. The right bearing retaining ring R-Q2 is spaced and positioned from the right bracket bearing R4; the outer ring of the right bracket bearing R4 is fixedly installed with the right bearing seat hole D-RK on the right bracket D-RJ; the The right dial R3 is fixed on the outside of the right bracket D-RJ by screws G and is concentric with the right bearing seat hole D-RK; the right side of the inner ring of the right bracket bearing R4 is in contact with the right handle R2, The right handle R2 is assembled on the end of the right camshaft R1; the right handle R2 is fastened on the right camshaft R1 through the right handle top wire R-D; the connecting rod of the right handle R2 A through hole R-K is machined, at the same time, the right bracket D-RJ is machined with a positioning through hole D-RD, and the distance between the center of the through hole R-K on the right handle and the rotation center of the right camshaft R1 and the positioning through hole D -The distance between the center of RD and the center of the right bearing seat hole D-RK is the same; the right side follower angle pointer R-Z is installed on the circular ring part of the right handle R2, which is used to indicate the follower when it reverses during the experiment angle of rotation;

The large-diameter hole of the follower left bracket Z-L in the follower assembly Z is matched with the follower left bracket bearing L5, and the follower left bracket Z-L is connected with the follower rod sliding rod Z1 through a rectangular hole and passes through all the holes. The follower slide bar left fixing piece Z3 is fixed; the follower rod slide bar Z1 is connected with the follower right bracket Z-R through the rectangular hole and is fixed by the follower slide bar right fixing piece Z2 to ensure The slider Z1 of the follower, the left bracket Z-L of the follower and the right bracket Z-R of the follower have no relative movement; the slider Z1 of the follower is equipped with a sliding block Z4 of the follower and can move along the slider of the follower Z1 slides axially, the end of the follower slider Z4 is assembled with the follower roller Z5, and the end of the follower roller Z5 is axially limited by the roller limiter Z6;

The swing follower slider B1 in the swing follower assembly B is provided with a connecting hole matched with the follower slide bar Z1, so that it can be installed on the follower slide bar Z1, and can be moved from the follower slide bar Z1 through the swing bar. The sliding block of the moving piece is fixed by the top screw B11; the sliding block B1 of the swinging follower is machined with a groove, and the groove is equipped with a first swing rod joint B5 and is connected through the swing rod connecting piece B2 and the swing rod connecting fixing piece B6, And the first rocker link B5 can swing relative to the rocker link B2; the first rocker link B5 and the second rocker link B9 are fixed on the rocker B4, and the second rocker link B9 passes through the follower The roller connector B10 is connected with the follower roller B8, and at the same time, the end is fixed and positioned by swinging the follower roller limiter B7; The center of the disk B3 is concentric with the rotation center of the first rocking rod joint B5; a rocking rod angle pointer B-Z is installed on the rocking rod B4 to indicate the rocking angle of the rocking rod B4.

A scale is printed on the follower slider Z1 for measuring the axial displacement s of the linear follower slider Z4; the left scale L3 is fixed on the left bracket D-LJ, and the cam The rotation angle pointer LZ is relatively fixed with the groove-type cylindrical cam T, and is used to indicate the rotation angle θ _T of the groove-type cylindrical cam T; the right dial R3 is fixed on the right bracket D-RJ, and the follower The rotation angle pointer RZ is relatively fixed with the driven component Z, and is used to indicate the rotational angle θ _Z of the driven component Z around the center of the grooved cylindrical cam T; The pendulum angle pointer BZ is fixed on the pendulum B4 for indicating the swing angle ψ of the pendulum B4.

When the through hole RK on the right handle R2 is concentric with the positioning hole D-RD on the right bracket D-RJ, after the right handle R2 is fixed relative to the right bracket D-RJ through the pin, the right drive assembly R together with The follower slide bar Z1 is fixed relative to the bracket bottom plate D. At this time, shake the left handle L2 to drive the grooved cylindrical cam T to rotate around the cam rotation center, and the follower slider Z4 is driven directly by the grooved cylindrical cam T. Under the constraint of the groove and the groove, it reciprocates along the follower slider Z1; during the process of shaking the left handle L2, the rotation angle θ _T of the groove type cylindrical cam T and the linear follower slider Z4 can be recorded simultaneously. Displacement s, after data processing, the cylindrical cam profile curve and the motion law of the follower slider can be obtained: s=f(θ _T ).

When the through hole LK on the left handle L2 is concentric with the positioning through hole D-LD on the left bracket D-LJ, after the left handle L2 is fixed relative to the left bracket D-LJ by the pin, the left drive assembly L Together with the groove-type cylindrical cam T, it is fixed relative to the bracket base plate D. At this time, shake the right handle R2 to drive the driven component Z to rotate around the rotation center of the groove-type cylindrical cam T as a whole, and the shape of the groove-type cylindrical cam T is constrained by the shape of the groove. At the same time, the linear follower slider Z4 rotates around the grooved cylindrical cam T under the traction of the follower slide bar Z1, and moves linearly along the follower slide bar Z1 to realize the spatial compound motion; shake the right side During the process of handle L3, the rotation angle of the driven component Z and the displacement of the linear follower slider Z4 can be recorded synchronously. After data processing, the cylindrical cam profile curve and the follower slider can be obtained according to the reversal principle. The law of motion of : s=f(θ _Z ).

The driven component Z and the oscillating driven component B replace each other to realize the motion demonstration of the cylindrical cam mechanism of the oscillating follower and the acquisition experiment of the follower motion law; when the oscillating driven component B replaces the driven component Z, the oscillating driven component The oscillating follower slider B1 of B is sleeved on the follower sliding rod Z1, and the follower roller B8 is inserted into the groove of the groove cylindrical cam T. The swing follower assembly B is fixed on the follower slider Z1; when the left handle L1 is fixed and the right handle R1 rotates, the cam rotation angle θ _T corresponding to one rotation of the grooved cylindrical cam T and the pendulum rod B4 can be read. Angle ψ, after data processing, the motion law of the swing follower is obtained: ψ=f(θ _T ); when the right handle R1 is fixed and the left handle L1 rotates, the rotation angle θ of the follower assembly Z can be read _Z and the swing angle ψ of the pendulum rod B4, after data processing, the motion law of the swing follower is obtained: ψ=f(θ _Z ).

The present invention is also provided with a pin with the same outer diameter as the follower roller Z5 and a pin with the same outer diameter as the follower roller B8; the follower roller on the follower assembly Z and the swing follower assembly B Z5 and B8 can be removed and replaced by pins with the same outer diameter as the rollers to realize the experiment of the space cylindrical cam mechanism in which sliding friction replaces rolling friction.

The present invention is provided with a plurality of different grooved cylindrical cams with the same external dimensions but different groove tracks, so as to select different grooved cylindrical cams for experimentation.

The linear driven sliding block Z4 can only achieve a single degree of freedom to move along the sliding rod relative to the follower sliding rod Z1.

When installing,

The first step is to install the left camshaft flat key L-J into the keyway of the left camshaft L1, and simultaneously install the follower left bracket bearing L5, bearing positioning retaining ring L-Q, and left bracket bearing L4 from left to right; Install the follower left bracket Z-L into the follower left bracket bearing L5 and ensure the transition fit with the outer ring;

The second step is to install the right cam bearing R5, the right bearing retaining ring R-Q1, the right follower bracket flat key R-J, the follower right bracket Z-R and the right bracket bearing R4 from left to right into the right side camshaft R1;

In the third step, the follower roller Z5 is mounted on the linear follower slider Z4, and the roller limiter Z6 is screwed into the end of the follower slider Z4 for positioning, and the follower slider Z4 Insert the follower slide bar Z1;

The fourth step, load the assembly completed in the first step into the assembly completed in the third step and the grooved cylindrical cam T from the left, and then install it on the left bracket D-LJ of the bracket base D, from the right Pass the assembly completed in the second step through the right bracket D-RJ, and install the right cam bearing R5 and the follower right bracket Z-R into the grooved cylindrical cam T and the follower slide rod Z4, respectively. The left fixing piece Z2 of the sliding rod and the right fixing piece Z3 of the follower sliding rod are respectively screwed into the end of the sliding rod from the left and right for fixing on both sides.

The fifth step, fix the left dial L3 and the right dial R3 on both sides of the left bracket D-LJ and the right bracket D-RJ with screws G respectively, and ensure that the two dials and the bearing seat hole D- LK and D-RK are concentric;

The sixth step is to install the left handle L2 and the right handle R2 into the ends of the left camshaft L1 and the right camshaft R1 respectively and fasten them with their respective handle top screws.

When replacing the swing follower assembly B, first, complete the assembly of the swing follower assembly B; secondly, remove the right handle R2, the right dial R3 and the assembly completed in the second step; then, remove the swing from the Install the follower assembly B on the follower slide bar Z1 and tighten the top screw B11 of the swing follower slider block; finally, load the assembly completed in the second step from the right side of the bracket chassis, and install the right side The dial R3 and the right handle R2 are tightened.

When replacing cams with different groove tracks, replace the original cylindrical cam T by referring to the disassembly and assembly steps for replacing the swing follower assembly B.

When using, the specific implementation steps are as follows:

The first step is to use the pin to pass through the through hole R-K on the right handle R1 and the positioning through hole D-RD of the right bracket D-RJ at the same time, and rotate the left handle (L1) clockwise to demonstrate the grooved cylindrical cam T rotates clockwise, and the linear follower slider Z4 reciprocates on the follower slider Z1;

In the second step, under the conditions of the first step, when recording the initial position, the initial angle θ _T0 of the cam angle pointer LZ relative to the left dial L3 and the initial displacement s of the follower slider Z4 on the follower slider Z1 ₀ ;

The third step, when rotating the left handle L1 clockwise, record the rotation angle θ _Tj of the cam angle pointer LZ relative to the left dial L3 in a fixed step and the corresponding follower slider Z4 on the follower slider Z1 Displacement s _j , θ _Ti and s _i are obtained through data processing, with θ _Ti as the abscissa and s _i as the ordinate, the motion law curve of the follower slider can be drawn;

Where: θ _Ti =θ _Tj -θ _T0 θ _Ti ∈[0,360°]

s _i =s _j -s0

The fourth step, pull out the pin in the first step, pass through the through hole L-K on the left handle L1 and the positioning through hole D-LD of the left bracket D-LJ, and rotate the right handle R1 clockwise to demonstrate When the grooved cylindrical cam T is fixed, the follower slide bar Z1 rotates around the cam axis and drives the linear follower slide bar Z4 to move relative to the follower slide bar Z4. The compound motion is a demonstration of the reversal principle of the spatial cam mechanism.

The fifth step, under the conditions of the fourth step, when recording the initial position, the initial angle θ _Z0 of the follower angle pointer RZ relative to the right dial R3, and the follower slider Z4 on the follower slider Z1 initial displacement s'₀;

The sixth step, when rotating the right handle R1 clockwise, record the rotation angle θ _Zj of the follower pointer LZ relative to the right dial R3 under a fixed step size and the corresponding follower slider Z4 on the follower slider Z1. The displacement s' _j on , θ _Zi and s' _i are obtained by data processing. Taking θ _Zi as the abscissa and _si as the ordinate, the profile curve of the cylindrical cam groove can be obtained.

Where: θ _Zi = θ _Zj -θ _T0 θ _Zi ∈[0,360°]

s' _i =s' _j -s' ₀

In the seventh step, by comparing the two curves of the third step and the sixth step, the consistency of the motion law of the follower and the contour of the cam groove can be verified, and the scientificity of the reversal principle in the design and analysis of the space cam mechanism can be verified.

In the eighth step, after replacing the follower slider Z4 with the swing follower assembly B, according to the operations from the first step to the seventh step, the movement demonstration of the swing follower cylindrical cam mechanism can be realized and the movement of the swing follower can be obtained. Regular curves and contour curves of grooves of cylindrical cam mechanisms.

In this specification, the device of the invention is described by taking self-made parts as an example. Other situations where general standard parts and corresponding combinations are used to achieve the functions and uses of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A multifunctional experimental teaching instrument with a space cam mechanism is characterized by comprising a bracket bottom plate component (D), a groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T), a left driving component (L), a right driving component (R) and a driven component (Z); wherein the bracket bottom plate component (D) comprises a left bracket (D-LJ), a right bracket (D-RJ) and a bottom plate (D1); the left driving assembly (L) comprises a left cam shaft (L1), a left handle (L2), a left dial (L3), a left support bearing (L4), a driven piece left support bearing (L5), a left cam shaft flat key (L-J), a left handle jackscrew (L-D), a cam corner pointer (L-Z) and a bearing positioning retainer ring (L-Q); the right driving assembly (R) comprises a right cam shaft (R1), a right handle (R2), a right dial (R3), a right bracket bearing (R4), a right cam bearing (R5), a right handle jackscrew (R-D), a right driven piece bracket flat key (R-J), right bearing retainer rings (R-Q1 and (R-Q2) and a driven piece corner pointer (R-Z); the driven assembly (Z) comprises a left driven piece bracket (Z-L), a right driven piece bracket (Z-R), a driven piece sliding rod (Z1), a left driven piece sliding rod fixing piece (Z2), a right driven piece sliding rod fixing piece (Z3), a linear driven piece sliding block (Z4), a driven piece roller (Z5) and a roller limiting piece (Z6); wherein, a direct-acting follower slider (Z4), a follower roller (Z5) and a roller limit piece (Z6) in the driven component (Z) can be replaced by a swing driven component (B), and the swing driven component (B) comprises a swing follower slider (B1), a swing link (B2), a sector coded disc (B3), a swing link (B4), a first swing link joint (B5), a swing link fixing piece (B6), a swing follower roller limit piece (B7), a follower roller (B8), a second swing link joint (B9), a follower roller link (B10), a swing follower slider jackscrew (B11) and a swing link angle pointer (B-Z);

the left side and the right side of the bottom plate (D1) are respectively provided with a left side bracket (D-LJ) and a right side bracket (D-RJ), and the left side bracket (D-LJ) and the right side bracket (D-RJ) are provided with a left bearing seat hole (D-LK) and a right bearing seat hole (D-RK); the left bearing seat hole (D-LK) is installed with a left bracket bearing (L4) in the left driving assembly (L) in a matching manner, and the right bearing seat hole (D-RK) is installed with a right bracket bearing (R4) in the right driving assembly (R) in a matching manner;

the inner ring of a left side bracket bearing (L4) in the left side driving assembly (L) is matched with a left side cam shaft (L1), the left side cam shaft (L1) is in a step shape, the large end of the left side cam shaft is matched with the shaft hole on the left side of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T), and the left side cam shaft flat key (L-J) and the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) are circumferentially fixed; a shaft shoulder is arranged at the near big end side of the left camshaft (L1) and used for positioning the left bracket bearing (L5) of the driven piece, and the left bracket bearing (L4) of the driven piece is positioned and separated from the left bracket bearing (L4) of the driven piece through a left positioning retainer ring (L-Q); the other side of the left bracket bearing (L4) is positioned and fixed through a left handle (L2); the left dial (L3) is fixed on the outer side of the left bracket (D-LJ) through a screw (G) and is concentric with the left bearing seat hole (D-LK); a through hole (L-K) is processed on a connecting rod of the left handle (L2), meanwhile, a positioning through hole (D-LD) is processed on the left bracket (D-LJ), and the distance between the center of the through hole (L-K) on the left handle and the rotating center of the left cam shaft (L1) is the same as the distance between the center of the positioning through hole (D-LD) and the center of the left bearing seat hole (D-LK); a cam corner pointer (L-Z) is arranged on the circular ring part of the left handle (L2) and is used for indicating the rotation angle of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam in the experimental process;

the inner ring of a right bracket bearing (R4) in the right driving assembly (R) is matched with a right cam shaft (R1), the right cam shaft (R1) is in a step shape, the large end side of the right cam shaft is matched with the inner ring of the right cam bearing (R5), and the outer ring of the right cam bearing (R5) is assembled in the shaft hole on the right side of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) and is matched with the shaft hole; the right side of the right cam bearing (R5) is positioned by the right bearing retainer (R-Q1), and the other side of the right bearing retainer (R-Q1) is contacted with the right bracket (Z-R) of the follower and positioned; the right side bracket (Z-R) of the driven piece is provided with a through hole (Z-R1) with a key groove, the through hole is matched with a right side driven piece bracket flat key (R-J) at the middle end on the shaft of the right side cam shaft (R1), the right side cam shaft (R1) and the right side bracket (Z-R) of the driven piece form circumferential fixation, and the right side of the right side bracket (Z-R) of the driven piece is separated from and positioned on a right side bracket bearing (R4) through a right side bearing retainer ring (R-Q2); the outer ring of the right side bracket bearing (R4) is fixedly installed with a right bearing seat hole (D-RK) on a right side bracket (D-RJ); the right dial (R3) is fixed on the outer side of the right bracket (D-RJ) through a screw (G) and is concentric with the right bearing seat hole (D-RK); the right side bracket bearing (R4) inner ring right side contacts with the right side handle (R2), the right side handle (R2) is assembled at the end of the right side cam shaft (R1); the right handle (R2) is fastened on the right cam shaft (R1) through a right handle jackscrew (R-D); a through hole (R-K) is machined in a connecting rod of the right handle (R2), meanwhile, a positioning through hole (D-RD) is machined in the right support (D-RJ), and the distance from the center of the through hole (R-K) in the right handle to the rotating center of the right cam shaft (R1) is the same as the distance from the center of the positioning through hole (D-RD) to the center of the right bearing seat hole (D-RK); a right driven piece corner pointer (R-Z) is arranged on the circular ring part of the right handle (R2) and is used for indicating the rotation angle of the driven piece during reverse rotation in the experimental process;

a large-diameter hole of a left driven piece bracket (Z-L) in the driven assembly (Z) is matched with a left driven piece bracket bearing (L5), and the left driven piece bracket (Z-L) is connected with a driven rod sliding rod (Z1) through a rectangular hole and fixed through a left driven piece sliding rod fixing piece (Z3); the driven rod sliding rod (Z1) is connected with the driven piece right bracket (Z-R) through a rectangular hole and is fixed through the driven piece sliding rod right side fixing piece (Z2), so that the driven piece sliding rod (Z1), the driven piece left bracket (Z-L) and the driven piece right bracket (Z-R) do not move relatively; the driven piece sliding rod (Z1) is provided with a linear driven piece sliding block (Z4) and can axially slide along the driven piece sliding rod (Z1), the tail end of the driven piece sliding block (Z4) is provided with a driven piece roller (Z5), and the tail end of the driven piece roller (Z5) is axially limited through the roller limiting piece (Z6);

a swing follower sliding block (B1) in the swing follower component (B) is provided with a connecting hole matched with the follower sliding rod (Z1), can be installed on the follower sliding rod (Z1) and is fixed through a swing follower sliding block jackscrew (B11); a groove is processed on the swing follower slider (B1), a first swing rod joint (B5) is arranged in the groove and is connected with a swing rod connecting fixing piece (B6) through a swing rod connecting piece (B2), and the first swing rod joint (B5) can swing relative to the swing rod connecting piece (B2); the first swing rod joint (B5) and the second swing rod joint (B9) are fixed on a swing rod (B4), the second swing rod joint (B9) is connected with a driven piece roller (B8) through a driven piece roller connecting piece (B10), and meanwhile, the tail end of the second swing rod joint is fixed and positioned through a swing driven piece roller limiting piece (B7); a sector code wheel (B3) is pasted on the swing rod sliding block (B1), and the center of the sector code wheel (B3) is concentric with the rotation center of the first swing rod joint (B5); a swing rod angle pointer (B-Z) is arranged on the swing rod (B4) and used for indicating the swing angle of the swing rod (B4).

2. The multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of space cam mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein said follower slide bar (Z1) is printed with graduations for measuring the axial displacement s of the linear follower slide (Z4); the left dial (L3) is fixed on the left bracket (D-LJ), and the cam corner pointer (L-Z) is fixed relative to the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) and used for indicating the rotation angle theta of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T)_T(ii) a The right dial (R3) is fixed on the right bracket (D-RJ), and the driven member corner pointer (R-Z) is relatively fixed with the driven component (Z) and is used for indicating the rotation angle theta of the driven component (Z) around the center of the groove type cylindrical cam (T)_Z(ii) a The sector code wheel (B3) is fixed on the swing follower slider (B1), and the swing rod angle pointer (B-Z) is fixed on the swing rod (B4) and used for indicating the swing angle psi of the swing rod (B4).

3. The multifunctional experiment teaching instrument with space cam mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the through hole (R-K) of the right handle (R2) is concentric with the positioning hole (D-RD) of the right bracket (D-RJ), the right handle (R2) is fixed relative to the right bracket (D-RJ) by the pin, the right driving component (R) together with the follower sliding rod (Z1) is fixed relative to the bracket bottom plate (D), and at this time, the left handle (L2) is swung to drive the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) to rotate around the camThe core rotates, and the linear motion follower sliding block (Z4) reciprocates along the follower sliding rod (Z1) under the driving of the groove type cylindrical cam (T) and the constraint of the groove; the rotation angle theta of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) can be synchronously recorded in the process of shaking the left handle (L2)_TAnd the displacement s of the linear motion driven piece sliding block (Z4), and after data processing, the profile curve of the cylindrical cam and the motion rule of the driven piece sliding block can be obtained: s ═ f (θ)_T)。

4. The multifunctional experiment teaching instrument of space cam mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the through hole (L-K) of the left handle (L2) is concentric with the positioning through hole (D-LD) of the left bracket (D-LJ), the left driving module (L) is fixed together with the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) relative to the bracket bottom plate (D) after the left handle (L2) is fixed relative to the left bracket (D-LJ) by the pin shaft, and at this time, the right handle (R2) is swung to drive the driven module (Z) to rotate integrally around the rotation center of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T), and under the constraint of the shape of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T), the straight-moving driven member slider (Z4) moves linearly along the driven member (Z1) while rotating around the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) under the traction of the driven member slider (Z1), realizing spatial compound motion; in the process of shaking the right handle (L3), the rotation angle of the driven component (Z) and the displacement of the straight driven part slider (Z4) can be synchronously recorded, and after data processing, the motion rule of the cylindrical cam profile curve and the driven part slider can be obtained according to the reversal principle: s ═ f (θ)_Z)。

5. The multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of a space cam mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driven component (Z) and the swinging driven component (B) are replaced with each other to realize motion demonstration of the swinging follower cylindrical cam mechanism and motion rule acquisition experiment of the follower; when the swing driven component (B) replaces the driven component (Z), a swing driven piece sliding block (B1) of the swing driven component (B) is sleeved on a driven piece sliding rod (Z1), a driven piece roller (B8) is placed in a groove of the groove cylindrical cam (T), and meanwhile, the swing driven component (B) is fixed on the driven piece sliding rod (Z1) through a swing driven piece sliding block jackscrew (B11); when the left side isThe handle (L1) is fixed, the right handle (R1) rotates, and the cam rotation angle theta corresponding to one circle of rotation of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) can be read_TAnd the swing angle psi of the swing rod (B4), after data processing, the motion rule of the swing follower is obtained: psi ═ f (theta)_T) (ii) a When the right handle (R1) is fixed and the left handle (L1) rotates, the rotation angle theta of the driven member component (Z) can be read_ZAnd the swing angle psi of the swing rod (B4), after data processing, the motion rule of the swing follower is obtained: psi ═ f (theta)_Z)。

6. The multi-functional laboratory teaching instrument of a space cam mechanism according to claim 1, wherein it is further provided with a pin having the same outer diameter as the follower roller (Z5) and a pin having the same outer diameter as the follower roller (B8); follower rollers (Z5) and (B8) on the driven assembly (Z) and the swing driven assembly (B) can be detached and replaced by a pin shaft with the same outer diameter as the roller, so that the experiment of a spatial cylindrical cam mechanism with sliding friction instead of rolling friction is realized.

7. The multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of a space cam mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of different grooved cylindrical cams having the same outer dimensions but different groove tracks are provided to select different grooved cylindrical cams for experiments.

8. A space cam mechanism multifunctional experimental teaching instrument as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the direct-acting driven slide block (Z4) can only realize a single degree of freedom of movement along the slide bar relative to the driven slide bar (Z1).

Images