CN111899627A - Multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of space cam mechanism - Google Patents
Multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of space cam mechanism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of a space cam mechanism, which can demonstrate the motion relation of a cylindrical cam and a driven piece when the cylindrical cam mechanism moves in space, can also acquire the motion parameters of the cylindrical cam and the driven piece, more importantly, can demonstrate the space compound motion of the driven piece by a reversal method by utilizing the principle of relative motion, and can demonstrate the motion of the driven piece or swing by fixing a right-side handle and shaking a left-side handle, thereby realizing the demonstration and the reading of the motion parameters of the driven piece driven by the cylindrical cam to move or swing; when the left handle is fixed, the cylindrical cam is fixed, and at the moment, the right handle is shaken, so that the driven piece can perform spatial compound motion, and corresponding motion parameters of the driven piece during spatial motion can be obtained; meanwhile, the device can realize the replacement of the types of the direct-acting and oscillating driven elements. The device can realize the acquisition of the motion law of the driven part in the cylindrical cam mechanism and the demonstration of the design principle of the cylindrical cam profile curve inversion method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mechanics in mechanical principles, particularly relates to a design of a space cam mechanism, and particularly relates to a multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of the space cam mechanism.
Background
The cam mechanism is a common motion mechanism, the motion law of the cam mechanism depends on the contour line or the shape of the groove of the cam, the cam mechanism not only has simple and compact structure, but also can accurately realize various expected motion laws, and is widely applied to various automatic machines, instruments and control devices.
The driving part in the space cam mechanism is generally a cylindrical cam with a groove, and the driven part completes a preset motion law under the shape constraint in the groove, so the motion law of the driven part of the space cam mechanism and the design and analysis of the groove profile are very important, and when students learn the space cam mechanism, the motion law of the driven part and the design principle of the profile are difficult to understand, in particular to the related process of a graphical method and an analytical method for designing the space cam profile based on the reversal principle.
At present, no teaching instrument for acquiring the motion rule of the spatial cam mechanism driven piece and the spatial cam profile is available in China, and in order to enable students to have perceptual knowledge on the working principle of the spatial cam mechanism and the design and analysis method thereof, a set of teaching instrument is designed, which not only can demonstrate the motion demonstration of the spatial cam mechanism and acquire the motion rule of the driven piece, but also can demonstrate the spatial compound motion of the spatial cam mechanism driven piece and acquire the cam profile curve by the reversal principle, so that the teaching instrument has certain help for the students to learn and master the analysis and design of the spatial cam mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a set of brand-new experimental teaching device and experimental method for analysis and design demonstration of a space cam mechanism and cam profile acquisition, aiming at the experimental teaching requirements of the current space cam mechanism and combining the defects of the current cam mechanism teaching equipment. The device is convenient to use, can change the straight moving follower and the swing follower type, acquire the law of motion of different grade type followers, demonstrate the design method that the reversal principle acquireed space cam profile, remedy the not enough of space cam mechanism experiment teaching instrument.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a multifunctional experimental teaching instrument with a space cam mechanism is characterized by comprising a bracket bottom plate assembly, a groove-shaped cylindrical cam, a left side driving assembly, a right side driving assembly and a driven assembly; the bracket bottom plate assembly comprises a left bracket, a right bracket and a bottom plate; the left driving assembly comprises a left camshaft, a left handle, a left dial, a left support bearing, a driven piece left support bearing, a left camshaft flat key, a left handle jackscrew, a cam corner pointer and a bearing positioning retainer ring; the right driving assembly comprises a right camshaft, a right handle, a right dial, a right bracket bearing, a right cam bearing, a right handle jackscrew, a right driven piece bracket flat key, a right bearing retainer ring and a driven piece corner pointer; the driven assembly comprises a driven piece left support, a driven piece right support, a driven piece sliding rod left side fixing piece, a driven piece sliding rod right side fixing piece, a direct-acting driven piece sliding block, a driven piece roller and a roller limiting piece; the device comprises a driven component, a straight-motion driven piece sliding block, a driven piece roller and a roller limiting piece, wherein the straight-motion driven piece sliding block, the driven piece roller and the roller limiting piece in the driven component can be replaced by a swing driven component which comprises a swing driven piece sliding block, a swing rod chain link, a sector coded disc, a swing rod, a first swing rod joint, a swing rod chain link fixing piece, a swing driven piece roller limiting piece, a driven piece roller, a second swing rod joint, a driven piece roller chain link, a swing driven piece sliding block;
the left side and the right side of the bottom plate are respectively provided with a left side bracket and a right side bracket, and the left side bracket and the right side bracket are provided with a left bearing seat hole and a right bearing seat hole; the left bearing seat hole is matched with a left bracket bearing in the left driving assembly, and the right bearing seat hole is matched with a right bracket bearing in the right driving assembly;
the inner ring of a left bracket bearing in the left driving assembly is matched with a left cam shaft, the left cam shaft is in a step shape, the large end of the left cam shaft is matched with a shaft hole on the left side of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam, and the left cam shaft is circumferentially fixed with the groove-shaped cylindrical cam through a flat key of the left cam shaft; a shaft shoulder is arranged on the near big end side of the left camshaft and used for positioning the driven piece left support bearing, and the driven piece left support bearing is positioned and separated by a left positioning retainer ring; the other side of the left side bracket bearing is positioned and fixed through a left side handle; the left dial is fixed on the outer side of the left bracket through a screw and is concentric with the left bearing seat hole; a through hole is processed on the connecting rod of the left handle, a positioning through hole is processed on the left support, and the distance from the center of the through hole on the left handle to the rotating center of the left cam shaft is the same as the distance from the center of the positioning through hole to the center of the left bearing seat hole; and a cam corner pointer is arranged on the ring part of the left handle and used for indicating the rotation angle of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam in the experimental process.
The right side drive assembly is characterized in that a right side support bearing inner ring is matched with a right side cam shaft, the right side cam shaft is in a step shape, the large end side of the right side cam shaft is matched with the right side cam bearing inner ring, and a right side cam bearing outer ring is assembled in a shaft hole on the right side of the groove type cylindrical cam and is matched with the shaft hole; the right side of the right cam bearing is positioned by the right bearing retainer ring, and the other side of the right bearing retainer ring is in contact with and positioned by the right driven part bracket; the right side bracket of the driven part is provided with a through hole with a key groove, the through hole is in flat key fit with the right side driven part bracket on the middle end of the right side camshaft shaft, the right side camshaft and the right side bracket of the driven part form circumferential fixation, and the right side of the right side bracket of the driven part is separated from a right side bracket bearing through a right side bearing retainer ring and is positioned; the outer ring of the right bracket bearing is fixedly arranged with a right bearing seat hole on the right bracket; the right dial is fixed on the outer side of the right bracket through a screw and is concentric with the right bearing seat hole; the right side of the inner ring of the right side bracket bearing is contacted with the right side handle, and the right side handle is assembled at the tail end of the right side cam shaft; the right handle is fastened on the right cam shaft through a right handle jackscrew; a through hole is processed on the connecting rod of the right handle, a positioning through hole is processed on the right support, and the distance from the center of the through hole on the right handle to the rotating center of the right camshaft is the same as the distance from the center of the positioning through hole to the center of the right bearing seat hole; a right driven piece corner pointer is arranged on the ring part of the right handle and used for indicating the rotation angle of the driven piece during reverse rotation in the experiment process;
a large-diameter hole of a left driven piece bracket in the driven assembly is matched with a left driven piece bracket bearing, and the left driven piece bracket is connected with a driven rod slide bar through a rectangular hole and fixed through a left driven piece slide bar fixing piece; the driven rod slide bar is connected with the driven piece right support through a rectangular hole and is fixed through a fixing piece on the right side of the driven piece slide bar, so that the driven piece slide bar, the driven piece left support and the driven piece right support are ensured to have no relative motion; the driven piece sliding rod is provided with a direct-acting driven piece sliding block and can axially slide along the driven piece sliding rod, the tail end of the driven piece sliding block is provided with a driven piece roller, and the tail end of the driven piece roller is axially limited through the roller limiting piece;
a swing follower sliding block in the swing driven assembly is provided with a connecting hole matched with the follower sliding rod, can be installed on the follower sliding rod and is fixed through a swing rod follower sliding block jackscrew; the first swing link joint can swing relative to the swing link connecting piece; the first swing rod joint and the second swing rod joint are fixed on a swing rod, the second swing rod joint is connected with a driven piece roller through a driven piece roller connecting piece, and meanwhile, the tail end is fixed and positioned through a swing driven piece roller limiting piece; a sector code wheel is adhered to the swing rod sliding block, and the center of the sector code wheel is concentric with the rotation center of the first swing rod joint; and a swing rod angle pointer is arranged on the swing rod and used for indicating the swing angle of the swing rod.
Furthermore, scales are printed on the driven part slide rod and used for measuring the axial displacement s of the linear driven part slide block; the left dial is fixed on the left support, and the cam corner pointer is fixed relative to the groove-shaped cylindrical cam and used for indicating the rotation angle theta of the groove-shaped cylindrical camT(ii) a The right dial is fixed on the right bracket, the driven member corner pointer is relatively fixed with the driven assembly and is used for indicating the rotation angle theta of the driven assembly around the center of the groove-shaped cylindrical camZ(ii) a The sector coded disc is fixed on the oscillating follower slider, and the oscillating bar angle pointer is fixed on the oscillating bar and used for indicating the oscillating angle psi of the oscillating bar.
Further onWhen the through hole in the right handle is concentric with the positioning hole in the right bracket, the right handle is fixed relative to the right bracket through the pin shaft, the right driving assembly and the driven piece sliding rod are fixed relative to the bracket bottom plate, at the moment, the left handle is shaken to drive the groove-shaped cylindrical cam to rotate around the rotation center of the cam, and the direct-acting driven piece sliding block reciprocates along the driven piece sliding rod under the driving of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam and the constraint of the groove; in the process of shaking the left handle, the rotation angle theta of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam can be synchronously recordedTAnd the displacement s of the directly-driven part sliding block can obtain the profile curve of the cylindrical cam and the motion law of the driven part sliding block after data processing: s ═ f (θ)T)。
Furthermore, when the through hole in the left handle is concentric with the positioning through hole in the left support, the left handle is fixed relative to the left support through the pin shaft, the left driving assembly and the groove-shaped cylindrical cam are fixed relative to the support bottom plate, at the moment, the right handle is shaken to drive the driven assembly to integrally rotate around the rotation center of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam, and under the shape constraint of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam, the linear motion follower sliding block linearly moves along the follower sliding rod while rotating around the groove-shaped cylindrical cam under the traction of the follower sliding rod, so that the spatial compound motion is realized; the in-process of shaking right side handle, the turned angle that can the synchronous recording driven assembly and the displacement of direct action follower slider, through data processing back, can obtain the law of motion of cylindrical cam profile curve and follower slider according to the reversal principle: s ═ f (θ)Z)。
Furthermore, the driven assembly and the swinging driven assembly are replaced with each other, so that motion demonstration of the swinging follower cylindrical cam mechanism and a follower motion rule acquisition experiment are realized; when the driven component is replaced by the swinging driven component, a swinging driven piece sliding block of the swinging driven component is sleeved on a driven piece sliding rod, a driven piece roller is placed in a groove of the groove cylindrical cam, and meanwhile, the swinging driven component is fixed on the driven piece sliding rod through a swinging driven piece sliding block jackscrew; when the left handle is fixed and the right handle rotates, the cam rotation angle theta corresponding to one circle of rotation of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam can be readTAnd the swing angle psi of the swing link,after data processing, the motion rule of the swinging follower is obtained: psi ═ f (theta)T) (ii) a When the right handle is fixed and the left handle rotates, the rotation angle theta of the driven part assembly can be readZAnd the swing angle psi of the swing rod, and after data processing, obtaining the motion rule of the swing driven part: psi ═ f (theta)Z)。
Furthermore, the roller is also provided with a pin shaft with the same outer diameter as the driven part roller and a pin shaft with the same outer diameter as the driven part roller; the driven part rollers on the driven assembly and the swing driven assembly can be detached and replaced by pin shafts with the same outer diameter as the rollers, and the experiment of the space cylindrical cam mechanism with sliding friction replacing rolling friction is realized.
Further, it is provided with a plurality of different grooved cylindrical cams having the same outer dimensions but different groove tracks to select different grooved cylindrical cams for experiments.
Furthermore, the direct-acting driven slide block can only realize single degree of freedom moving along the slide rod relative to the driven slide rod.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
the experimental method of the multi-functional experimental instrument of the space cam mechanism is characterized in that a first type of experiment demonstration, a second type of experiment, a third type of experiment demonstration, a fourth type of experiment and a fifth type of experiment are realized through the experimental teaching instrument.
The first type of experiment demonstration is demonstration of motion relation of a linear motion push rod cylindrical cam mechanism, the second type of experiment is demonstration of motion law of a linear motion push rod driven piece, the third type of experiment demonstration is demonstration of reversal principle of the linear motion push rod cylindrical cam mechanism, the fourth type of experiment is demonstration of a cylindrical cam groove profile curve, and the fifth type of experiment is first type of experiment, second type of experiment, third type of experiment and fourth type of experiment which are realized after a swing push rod replaces a linear motion push rod.
First type of experiment: the right handle is fixed on the right bracket through a pin shaft, and the left handle is rotated in a single direction to realize a demonstration experiment that the cylindrical cam rotates to drive the linear motion driven piece sliding block to move linearly along the driven piece sliding rod;
the second type of experiment: in thatUnder the first kind of experimental conditions, the left handle is intermittently rotated in one direction, and the cam rotation angle theta is recorded every time the left handle is stoppedTjAnd linear follower slider displacement siObtaining the motion rule coordinate (theta) of the linear motion driven part slide blockTi,si) The motion rule change curve of the driven piece can be obtained through data processing;
the third type of experiment: the left handle is fixed on the left bracket through a pin shaft, the right handle is rotated in a single direction to fix the cylindrical cam, the driven piece component drives the driven piece sliding block to rotate around the axis of the cylindrical cam and move along the groove profile of the cylindrical cam, and the motion demonstration of designing the profile of the cylindrical cam by the reversal principle is realized;
the fourth type of experiment: under the third type of experimental conditions, the right handle is intermittently rotated in one direction, and the rotation angle theta of the driven part assembly is recorded every time the handle is stoppedZiAnd linear follower slider displacement siObtaining the coordinates (theta) of the groove track curve of the cylindrical camZi,si)；
In the fifth type of experiment, after the direct-acting driven part sliding block and the upper assembly thereof are replaced by the swinging driven assembly, and the swinging driven part sliding block is positioned and fixed, the demonstration of the first type of experiment and the third type of experiment can be performed; similarly, the second and fourth experiments can be carried out to respectively obtain the motion law coordinate (theta) of the oscillating followerTi,ψi) And cylindrical cam groove track curve coordinate (theta)Zi,ψi)。
The second type of experiment and the fourth type of experiment can compare the law of motion of the direct-acting follower sliding block or the swinging follower sliding block, and verify the correctness of the reverse principle analysis cam mechanism and the design cam profile.
The novel multifunctional experimental instrument for the space cam mechanism provided by the invention is reasonable in configuration, can be disassembled and assembled without special technology, realizes the replacement of the driven piece sliding block and the replacement of the cylindrical cam, and meets the teaching requirements and characteristics of the space cam mechanism. The device easy operation, the parameter is acquireed conveniently, can fully demonstrate space cam mechanism motion relation, acquire follower motion law and cylinder cam groove path, can combine theoretical content and experiment teaching, and help the student fully understands space cam mechanism's design and analysis.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are a three-dimensional view and a left side view of a multifunctional experimental teaching instrument with a space cam mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 and 4 are a three-dimensional view and a front view of the left side driving assembly L, respectively.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the left camshaft L1.
Fig. 6 and 7 are a three-dimensional view and a front view of the right side drive assembly R, respectively.
Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional view of the right camshaft R1.
Fig. 9 and 10 are a three-dimensional view and a front view of the linear motion follower assembly Z, respectively.
Fig. 11 is a three-dimensional view of the holder base D.
Fig. 12, 13, 14 are front, left, and three-dimensional views, respectively, of the swing follower assembly.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
Referring to the attached drawings, the invention provides a multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of a space cam mechanism, which is characterized by comprising a bracket bottom plate component D, a groove-shaped cylindrical cam T, a left driving component L, a right driving component R and a driven component Z, wherein the bracket bottom plate component D is provided with a groove-shaped cylindrical cam T; the bracket bottom plate component D comprises a left bracket D-LJ, a right bracket D-RJ and a bottom plate D1; the left driving assembly L comprises a left cam shaft L1, a left handle L2, a left dial L3, a left support bearing L4, a driven piece left support bearing L5, a left cam shaft flat key L-J, a left handle jackscrew L-D, a cam corner pointer L-Z and a bearing positioning retainer ring L-Q; the right driving assembly R comprises a right cam shaft R1, a right handle R2, a right dial R3, a right bracket bearing R4, a right cam bearing R5, a right handle jackscrew R-D, a right driven piece bracket flat key R-J, a right bearing retainer ring R-Q1 and R-Q2 and a driven piece rotating angle pointer R-Z; the driven assembly Z comprises a left driven piece bracket Z-L, a right driven piece bracket Z-R, a driven piece sliding rod Z1, a left driven piece sliding rod fixing piece Z2, a right driven piece sliding rod fixing piece Z3, a linear driven piece sliding block Z4, a driven piece roller Z5 and a roller limiting piece Z6; the driven component Z comprises a straight-motion driven piece slider Z4, a driven piece roller Z5 and a roller limiting piece Z6, and the straight-motion driven piece Z, the driven piece roller Z5 and the roller limiting piece Z6 can be replaced by a swing driven component B which comprises a swing driven piece slider B1, a swing rod link B2, a sector coded disc B3, a swing rod B4, a first swing rod joint B5, a swing rod link fixing piece B6, a swing driven piece roller limiting piece B7, a driven piece roller B8, a second swing rod joint B9, a driven piece roller link B10, a swing driven piece slider top thread B11 and a swing rod angle pointer B-Z;
two longitudinal strip-shaped base planes are arranged below a bottom plate D1 of the bracket bottom plate assembly D, a left bracket D-LJ and a right bracket D-RJ are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the bottom plate D1, and a left bearing seat hole D-LK and a right bearing seat hole D-RK are arranged on the left bracket D-LJ and the right bracket D-RJ; the left bearing seat hole D-LK is installed in a matched mode with a left support bearing L4 in the left driving assembly L, and the right bearing seat hole D-RK is installed in a matched mode with a right support bearing R4 in the right driving assembly R;
the inner ring of a left bracket bearing L4 in the left driving assembly L is matched with a left cam shaft L1, the left cam shaft L1 is in a step shape, the large end of the left cam shaft is matched with a shaft hole on the left side of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T, and the left cam shaft flat key L-J and the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T are circumferentially fixed; a shaft shoulder is arranged at the near big end side of the left camshaft L1 and used for positioning the left bracket bearing L5 of the driven piece, and the left bracket bearing L4 of the driven piece is positioned and separated from the left bracket bearing L4 of the driven piece through a left positioning retainer ring L-Q; the other side of the left bracket bearing L4 is positioned and fixed through a left handle L2; the left dial L3 is fixed on the outer side of the left bracket D-LJ through a screw G and is concentric with the left bearing block hole D-LK; a through hole L-K is processed on the connecting rod of the left handle L2, meanwhile, a positioning through hole D-LD is processed on the left support D-LJ, and the distance from the center of the through hole L-K on the left handle to the rotating center of the left cam shaft L1 is the same as the distance from the center of the positioning through hole D-LD to the center of the left bearing seat hole D-LK; and a cam corner pointer L-Z is arranged on the circular ring part of the left handle L2 and is used for indicating the rotation angle of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam in the experimental process.
The right side driving assembly R is characterized in that the inner ring of a right side bracket bearing R4 is matched with a right side cam shaft R1, the right side cam shaft R1 is in a step shape, the large end side of the right side cam shaft R5 is matched with the inner ring of the right side cam bearing R5, and the outer ring of the right side cam bearing R5 is assembled in a shaft hole on the right side of the groove type cylindrical cam T and is matched with the shaft hole; the right side of the right cam bearing R5 is positioned by the right bearing retainer R-Q1, and the other side of the right bearing retainer R-Q1 is in contact with and positioned on the right follower bracket Z-R; the right driven piece bracket Z-R is provided with a through hole Z-R1 with a key groove, the through hole is matched with a right driven piece bracket flat key R-J at the upper middle end of the right cam shaft R1 shaft, the right cam shaft R1 and the right driven piece bracket Z-R form circumferential fixation, and the right side of the right driven piece bracket Z-R is separated from and positioned on a right support bearing R4 through a right bearing retainer ring R-Q2; the outer ring of the right bracket bearing R4 is fixedly installed with a right bearing seat hole D-RK on a right bracket D-RJ; the right dial R3 is fixed on the outer side of the right bracket D-RJ through a screw G and is concentric with the right bearing seat hole D-RK; the right side bracket bearing R4 is in contact with the right side handle R2 at the right side of the inner ring, and the right side handle R2 is assembled at the tail end of the right side cam shaft R1; the right handle R2 is fastened on the right cam shaft R1 through a right handle jackscrew R-D; a through hole R-K is processed on a connecting rod of the right handle R2, meanwhile, a positioning through hole D-RD is processed on the right support D-RJ, and the distance from the center of the through hole R-K on the right handle to the rotating center of the right cam shaft R1 is the same as the distance from the center of the positioning through hole D-RD to the center of the right bearing seat hole D-RK; a right driven piece corner pointer R-Z is arranged on the circular ring part of the right handle R2 and is used for indicating the rotation angle of the driven piece during reverse rotation in the experimental process;
a large-diameter hole of a left driven piece bracket Z-L in the driven assembly Z is matched with a left driven piece bracket bearing L5, and the left driven piece bracket Z-L is connected with a driven rod slide bar Z1 through a rectangular hole and is fixed through a left driven piece slide bar fixing piece Z3; the driven rod slide bar Z1 is connected with a driven piece right bracket Z-R through rectangular hole and is fixed through a driven piece slide bar right side fixing piece Z2, so that the driven piece slide bar Z1, a driven piece left bracket Z-L and a driven piece right bracket Z-R do not move relatively; the follower slide bar Z1 is provided with a linear follower slide block Z4 and can slide along the axial direction of the follower slide bar Z1, the tail end of the follower slide block Z4 is provided with a follower roller Z5, and the tail end of the follower roller Z5 is axially limited by the roller limiting piece Z6;
a swing follower sliding block B1 in the swing follower component B is provided with a connecting hole matched with the follower sliding rod Z1, can be installed on the follower sliding rod Z1 and is fixed through a swing follower sliding block jackscrew B11; the swing follower sliding block B1 is provided with a groove, a first swing rod joint B5 is arranged in the groove and is connected with a swing rod connecting fixing piece B6 through a swing rod connecting piece B2, and the first swing rod joint B5 can swing relative to a swing rod connecting piece B2; the first swing link joint B5 and the second swing link joint B9 are fixed on a swing link B4, the second swing link joint B9 is connected with a follower roller B8 through a follower roller connecting piece B10, and meanwhile, the tail end of the second swing link joint B9 is fixed and positioned through a swing follower roller limiting piece B7; a sector code wheel B3 is adhered to the swing rod slider B1, and the center of the sector code wheel B3 is concentric with the rotation center of the first swing rod joint B5; and a swing rod angle pointer B-Z is arranged on the swing rod B4 and is used for indicating the swing angle of the swing rod B4.
Scales are printed on the driven piece slide bar Z1 and used for measuring the axial displacement s of the linear driven piece slide block Z4; the left dial L3 is fixed on the left bracket D-LJ, and the cam corner pointer L-Z is fixed relative to the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T and used for indicating the rotation angle theta of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam TT(ii) a The right dial R3 is fixed on the right bracket D-RJ, and the driven member corner pointer R-Z is fixed relative to the driven assembly Z and is used for indicating the rotation angle theta of the driven assembly Z around the center of the groove type cylindrical cam TZ(ii) a The sector coded disc B3 is fixed on a swing follower slider B1, and the swing rod angle pointers B-Z are fixed on a swing rod B4 and used for indicating the swing angle psi of the swing rod B4.
When the through hole R-K on the right handle R2 is concentric with the positioning hole D-RD on the right support D-RJ, the right handle R2 is opposite to the right support D-After the RJ is fixed, the right driving component R and the driven piece sliding rod Z1 are fixed relative to the support bottom plate D, at the moment, the left handle L2 is shaken to drive the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T to rotate around the rotation center of the cam, and the straight-moving driven piece sliding block Z4 reciprocates along the driven piece sliding rod Z1 under the driving of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T and the restraint of the groove; in the process of shaking the left handle L2, the rotation angle theta of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T can be synchronously recordedTAnd the displacement s of the linear motion driven piece slider Z4, after data processing, the motion rule of the cylindrical cam profile curve and the driven piece slider can be obtained: s ═ f (θ)T)。
When a through hole L-K on a left handle L2 is concentric with a positioning through hole D-LD on a left support D-LJ, after a left handle L2 is fixed relative to the left support D-LJ through a pin shaft, a left driving component L and a groove-shaped cylindrical cam T are fixed relative to a support bottom plate D, at the moment, a right handle R2 is shaken to drive a driven component Z to integrally rotate around the rotation center of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T, and under the shape constraint of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T groove, a straight-moving driven piece sliding block Z4 linearly moves along a driven piece Z1 while rotating around the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T under the traction of the driven piece sliding bar Z1, so that spatial compound motion is realized; in the process of shaking the right handle L3, the rotation angle of the driven component Z and the displacement of the straight driven piece slider Z4 can be synchronously recorded, and after data processing, the motion law of the cylindrical cam profile curve and the driven piece slider can be obtained according to the reversal principle: s ═ f (θ)Z)。
The driven component Z and the swinging driven component B are replaced with each other, so that motion demonstration of a swinging follower cylindrical cam mechanism and a follower motion rule acquisition experiment are realized; when the driven component Z is replaced by the swinging driven component B, a swinging driven piece sliding block B1 of the swinging driven component B is sleeved on a driven piece sliding rod Z1, a driven piece roller B8 is placed in a groove of the groove cylindrical cam T, and meanwhile, the swinging driven component B is fixed on a driven piece sliding rod Z1 through a swinging driven piece sliding block jackscrew B11; when the left handle L1 is fixed and the right handle R1 is rotated, the cam rotation angle theta corresponding to one rotation of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T can be readTAnd the swing angle psi of the swing rod B4, and after data processing, the motion rule of the swing driven piece is obtained: psi＝f(θT) (ii) a When the right handle R1 is fixed and the left handle L1 is rotated, the rotation angle theta of the driven member Z can be readZAnd the swing angle psi of the swing rod B4, and after data processing, the motion rule of the swing driven piece is obtained: psi ═ f (theta)Z)。
The invention also provides a pin shaft with the same outer diameter as the driven piece roller Z5 and a pin shaft with the same outer diameter as the driven piece roller B8; follower rollers Z5 and B8 on the driven assembly Z and the swing driven assembly B can be detached and replaced by pin shafts with the same outer diameter as the rollers, and the experiment of the space cylindrical cam mechanism with sliding friction instead of rolling friction is realized.
The invention is provided with a plurality of different groove-shaped cylindrical cams with the same external dimension but different groove tracks so as to select different groove-shaped cylindrical cams to carry out experiments.
The direct-acting driven slide block Z4 can only realize a single degree of freedom of movement along the slide bar relative to the driven slide bar Z1.
When the device is installed,
firstly, a left camshaft flat key L-J is arranged in a left camshaft L1 key groove, and a driven piece left support bearing L5, a bearing positioning retainer ring L-Q and a left support bearing L4 are arranged from left to right; the driven piece left bracket Z-L is arranged in a driven piece left bracket bearing L5 and ensures transition fit with the outer ring;
secondly, a right cam bearing R5, a right bearing retainer ring R-Q1, a right driven piece support parallel key R-J, a driven piece right support Z-R and a right support bearing R4 are sequentially arranged into a right camshaft R1 from left to right;
thirdly, a driven piece roller Z5 is arranged on a linear driven piece sliding block Z4, and after a roller limiting piece Z6 is screwed into the tail end of the driven piece sliding block Z4 for positioning, the driven piece sliding block Z4 is sleeved into a driven piece sliding rod Z1;
and fourthly, the assembly body finished in the first step is arranged into the assembly body finished in the third step and the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T from the left side, then the assembly body is arranged on a left support D-LJ of a support base D, the assembly body finished in the second step penetrates through a right support D-RJ from the right side, a right cam bearing R5 and a driven piece right support Z-R are respectively arranged into the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T and a driven piece slide bar Z4, and a driven piece slide bar left side fixing piece Z2 and a driven piece slide bar right side fixing piece Z3 are respectively screwed into the tail ends of the slide bars from left and right to be fixed at two.
Fifthly, fixing a left dial L3 and a right dial R3 at two sides of a left support D-LJ and a right support D-RJ respectively by using screws G to ensure that the two dials are concentric with bearing seat holes D-LK and D-RK on the supports;
sixthly, respectively installing the left handle L2 and the right handle R2 at the tail ends of the left cam shaft L1 and the right cam shaft R1 and fastening the handles by using respective handle top threads.
When the swing follower component B is replaced, firstly, the assembly of the swing follower component B is completed; secondly, the right handle R2, the right dial R3 and the assembly body completed in the second step are disassembled; then, the swing follower component B is arranged on a follower slide bar Z1 and is screwed and fastened by a swing follower slide block jackscrew B11; finally, the assembly body completed in the second step is loaded from the right side of the bracket chassis, and the right dial R3 and the right handle R2 are installed and fastened.
When the cams with different groove tracks are replaced, the original cylindrical cam T is replaced according to the dismounting step of replacing the swinging follower component B.
When in use, the concrete implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, a pin shaft simultaneously penetrates through a through hole R-K on a right handle R1 and a positioning through hole D-RD of a right support D-RJ, a left handle (L1) is rotated clockwise, a groove-shaped cylindrical cam T is demonstrated to rotate clockwise, and a follower sliding block Z4 is directly moved to and fro on a follower sliding rod Z1;
second, in the condition of the first step, at the time of recording the initial position, the initial angle θ of the cam angle hand L-Z with respect to the left side scale L3T0And initial displacement s of the follower slider Z4 on the follower slide Z10；
Thirdly, when the left handle L1 is rotated clockwise, the rotation angle theta of the cam rotation angle pointer L-Z relative to the left dial L3 at a fixed step length is recordedTjAnd corresponding to the displacement s of the follower slide Z4 on the follower slide Z1jObtaining θ through data processingTiAnd siAt θTiAs the abscissa，siThe motion rule curve of the driven part sliding block can be drawn as a vertical coordinate;
wherein: thetaTi＝θTj-θT0θTi∈[0,360°]
si＝sj-s0
And fourthly, pulling out the pin shaft in the first step, penetrating through a through hole L-K on the left handle L1 and a positioning through hole D-LD of the left bracket D-LJ, clockwise rotating the right handle R1, and demonstrating the fixed state of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam T, wherein the follower slide bar Z1 rotates around the axis of the cam and simultaneously drives the linear motion follower slide block Z4 to move relative to the follower slide bar Z4, namely demonstrating the reversal principle of the space cam mechanism.
A fifth step of recording the initial angle theta of the follower turning angle hand R-Z with respect to the right scale R3 at the time of recording the initial position under the condition of the fourth stepZ0And initial displacement s 'of the follower slider Z4 on the follower slide Z1'0；
Sixthly, when the right handle R1 is rotated clockwise, the rotation angle theta of the follower pointer L-Z relative to the right dial R3 under a fixed step length is recordedZjAnd corresponding to the displacement s 'of the follower slider Z4 on the follower slide bar Z1'jObtaining θ through data processingZiAnd s'iAt θZiAs the abscissa, siFor the ordinate, the profile curve of the cylindrical cam groove is obtained.
Wherein: thetaZi＝θZj-θT0θZi∈[0,360°]
s'i＝s’j-s’0
And seventhly, by comparing the curves obtained in the third step with the curves obtained in the sixth step, the motion rule of the driven part and the contour of the cam groove can be verified, and the scientificity of the reversal principle in designing and analyzing the space cam mechanism is verified.
And eighthly, after the driven piece sliding block Z4 is replaced by the swinging driven piece component B, motion demonstration of the swinging driven piece cylindrical cam mechanism and acquisition of a motion rule curve of the swinging driven piece and a contour curve of a groove of the cylindrical cam mechanism can be realized according to the operations from the first step to the seventh step.
When the device is introduced in the specification, the self-made parts are taken as examples for description. Other embodiments using common standard components and corresponding combinations to achieve the functions and purposes of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A multifunctional experimental teaching instrument with a space cam mechanism is characterized by comprising a bracket bottom plate component (D), a groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T), a left driving component (L), a right driving component (R) and a driven component (Z); wherein the bracket bottom plate component (D) comprises a left bracket (D-LJ), a right bracket (D-RJ) and a bottom plate (D1); the left driving assembly (L) comprises a left cam shaft (L1), a left handle (L2), a left dial (L3), a left support bearing (L4), a driven piece left support bearing (L5), a left cam shaft flat key (L-J), a left handle jackscrew (L-D), a cam corner pointer (L-Z) and a bearing positioning retainer ring (L-Q); the right driving assembly (R) comprises a right cam shaft (R1), a right handle (R2), a right dial (R3), a right bracket bearing (R4), a right cam bearing (R5), a right handle jackscrew (R-D), a right driven piece bracket flat key (R-J), right bearing retainer rings (R-Q1 and (R-Q2) and a driven piece corner pointer (R-Z); the driven assembly (Z) comprises a left driven piece bracket (Z-L), a right driven piece bracket (Z-R), a driven piece sliding rod (Z1), a left driven piece sliding rod fixing piece (Z2), a right driven piece sliding rod fixing piece (Z3), a linear driven piece sliding block (Z4), a driven piece roller (Z5) and a roller limiting piece (Z6); wherein, a direct-acting follower slider (Z4), a follower roller (Z5) and a roller limit piece (Z6) in the driven component (Z) can be replaced by a swing driven component (B), and the swing driven component (B) comprises a swing follower slider (B1), a swing link (B2), a sector coded disc (B3), a swing link (B4), a first swing link joint (B5), a swing link fixing piece (B6), a swing follower roller limit piece (B7), a follower roller (B8), a second swing link joint (B9), a follower roller link (B10), a swing follower slider jackscrew (B11) and a swing link angle pointer (B-Z);
the left side and the right side of the bottom plate (D1) are respectively provided with a left side bracket (D-LJ) and a right side bracket (D-RJ), and the left side bracket (D-LJ) and the right side bracket (D-RJ) are provided with a left bearing seat hole (D-LK) and a right bearing seat hole (D-RK); the left bearing seat hole (D-LK) is installed with a left bracket bearing (L4) in the left driving assembly (L) in a matching manner, and the right bearing seat hole (D-RK) is installed with a right bracket bearing (R4) in the right driving assembly (R) in a matching manner;
the inner ring of a left side bracket bearing (L4) in the left side driving assembly (L) is matched with a left side cam shaft (L1), the left side cam shaft (L1) is in a step shape, the large end of the left side cam shaft is matched with the shaft hole on the left side of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T), and the left side cam shaft flat key (L-J) and the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) are circumferentially fixed; a shaft shoulder is arranged at the near big end side of the left camshaft (L1) and used for positioning the left bracket bearing (L5) of the driven piece, and the left bracket bearing (L4) of the driven piece is positioned and separated from the left bracket bearing (L4) of the driven piece through a left positioning retainer ring (L-Q); the other side of the left bracket bearing (L4) is positioned and fixed through a left handle (L2); the left dial (L3) is fixed on the outer side of the left bracket (D-LJ) through a screw (G) and is concentric with the left bearing seat hole (D-LK); a through hole (L-K) is processed on a connecting rod of the left handle (L2), meanwhile, a positioning through hole (D-LD) is processed on the left bracket (D-LJ), and the distance between the center of the through hole (L-K) on the left handle and the rotating center of the left cam shaft (L1) is the same as the distance between the center of the positioning through hole (D-LD) and the center of the left bearing seat hole (D-LK); a cam corner pointer (L-Z) is arranged on the circular ring part of the left handle (L2) and is used for indicating the rotation angle of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam in the experimental process;
the inner ring of a right bracket bearing (R4) in the right driving assembly (R) is matched with a right cam shaft (R1), the right cam shaft (R1) is in a step shape, the large end side of the right cam shaft is matched with the inner ring of the right cam bearing (R5), and the outer ring of the right cam bearing (R5) is assembled in the shaft hole on the right side of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) and is matched with the shaft hole; the right side of the right cam bearing (R5) is positioned by the right bearing retainer (R-Q1), and the other side of the right bearing retainer (R-Q1) is contacted with the right bracket (Z-R) of the follower and positioned; the right side bracket (Z-R) of the driven piece is provided with a through hole (Z-R1) with a key groove, the through hole is matched with a right side driven piece bracket flat key (R-J) at the middle end on the shaft of the right side cam shaft (R1), the right side cam shaft (R1) and the right side bracket (Z-R) of the driven piece form circumferential fixation, and the right side of the right side bracket (Z-R) of the driven piece is separated from and positioned on a right side bracket bearing (R4) through a right side bearing retainer ring (R-Q2); the outer ring of the right side bracket bearing (R4) is fixedly installed with a right bearing seat hole (D-RK) on a right side bracket (D-RJ); the right dial (R3) is fixed on the outer side of the right bracket (D-RJ) through a screw (G) and is concentric with the right bearing seat hole (D-RK); the right side bracket bearing (R4) inner ring right side contacts with the right side handle (R2), the right side handle (R2) is assembled at the end of the right side cam shaft (R1); the right handle (R2) is fastened on the right cam shaft (R1) through a right handle jackscrew (R-D); a through hole (R-K) is machined in a connecting rod of the right handle (R2), meanwhile, a positioning through hole (D-RD) is machined in the right support (D-RJ), and the distance from the center of the through hole (R-K) in the right handle to the rotating center of the right cam shaft (R1) is the same as the distance from the center of the positioning through hole (D-RD) to the center of the right bearing seat hole (D-RK); a right driven piece corner pointer (R-Z) is arranged on the circular ring part of the right handle (R2) and is used for indicating the rotation angle of the driven piece during reverse rotation in the experimental process;
a large-diameter hole of a left driven piece bracket (Z-L) in the driven assembly (Z) is matched with a left driven piece bracket bearing (L5), and the left driven piece bracket (Z-L) is connected with a driven rod sliding rod (Z1) through a rectangular hole and fixed through a left driven piece sliding rod fixing piece (Z3); the driven rod sliding rod (Z1) is connected with the driven piece right bracket (Z-R) through a rectangular hole and is fixed through the driven piece sliding rod right side fixing piece (Z2), so that the driven piece sliding rod (Z1), the driven piece left bracket (Z-L) and the driven piece right bracket (Z-R) do not move relatively; the driven piece sliding rod (Z1) is provided with a linear driven piece sliding block (Z4) and can axially slide along the driven piece sliding rod (Z1), the tail end of the driven piece sliding block (Z4) is provided with a driven piece roller (Z5), and the tail end of the driven piece roller (Z5) is axially limited through the roller limiting piece (Z6);
a swing follower sliding block (B1) in the swing follower component (B) is provided with a connecting hole matched with the follower sliding rod (Z1), can be installed on the follower sliding rod (Z1) and is fixed through a swing follower sliding block jackscrew (B11); a groove is processed on the swing follower slider (B1), a first swing rod joint (B5) is arranged in the groove and is connected with a swing rod connecting fixing piece (B6) through a swing rod connecting piece (B2), and the first swing rod joint (B5) can swing relative to the swing rod connecting piece (B2); the first swing rod joint (B5) and the second swing rod joint (B9) are fixed on a swing rod (B4), the second swing rod joint (B9) is connected with a driven piece roller (B8) through a driven piece roller connecting piece (B10), and meanwhile, the tail end of the second swing rod joint is fixed and positioned through a swing driven piece roller limiting piece (B7); a sector code wheel (B3) is pasted on the swing rod sliding block (B1), and the center of the sector code wheel (B3) is concentric with the rotation center of the first swing rod joint (B5); a swing rod angle pointer (B-Z) is arranged on the swing rod (B4) and used for indicating the swing angle of the swing rod (B4).
2. The multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of space cam mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein said follower slide bar (Z1) is printed with graduations for measuring the axial displacement s of the linear follower slide (Z4); the left dial (L3) is fixed on the left bracket (D-LJ), and the cam corner pointer (L-Z) is fixed relative to the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) and used for indicating the rotation angle theta of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T)T(ii) a The right dial (R3) is fixed on the right bracket (D-RJ), and the driven member corner pointer (R-Z) is relatively fixed with the driven component (Z) and is used for indicating the rotation angle theta of the driven component (Z) around the center of the groove type cylindrical cam (T)Z(ii) a The sector code wheel (B3) is fixed on the swing follower slider (B1), and the swing rod angle pointer (B-Z) is fixed on the swing rod (B4) and used for indicating the swing angle psi of the swing rod (B4).
3. The multifunctional experiment teaching instrument with space cam mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the through hole (R-K) of the right handle (R2) is concentric with the positioning hole (D-RD) of the right bracket (D-RJ), the right handle (R2) is fixed relative to the right bracket (D-RJ) by the pin, the right driving component (R) together with the follower sliding rod (Z1) is fixed relative to the bracket bottom plate (D), and at this time, the left handle (L2) is swung to drive the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) to rotate around the camThe core rotates, and the linear motion follower sliding block (Z4) reciprocates along the follower sliding rod (Z1) under the driving of the groove type cylindrical cam (T) and the constraint of the groove; the rotation angle theta of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) can be synchronously recorded in the process of shaking the left handle (L2)TAnd the displacement s of the linear motion driven piece sliding block (Z4), and after data processing, the profile curve of the cylindrical cam and the motion rule of the driven piece sliding block can be obtained: s ═ f (θ)T)。
4. The multifunctional experiment teaching instrument of space cam mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the through hole (L-K) of the left handle (L2) is concentric with the positioning through hole (D-LD) of the left bracket (D-LJ), the left driving module (L) is fixed together with the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) relative to the bracket bottom plate (D) after the left handle (L2) is fixed relative to the left bracket (D-LJ) by the pin shaft, and at this time, the right handle (R2) is swung to drive the driven module (Z) to rotate integrally around the rotation center of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T), and under the constraint of the shape of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T), the straight-moving driven member slider (Z4) moves linearly along the driven member (Z1) while rotating around the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) under the traction of the driven member slider (Z1), realizing spatial compound motion; in the process of shaking the right handle (L3), the rotation angle of the driven component (Z) and the displacement of the straight driven part slider (Z4) can be synchronously recorded, and after data processing, the motion rule of the cylindrical cam profile curve and the driven part slider can be obtained according to the reversal principle: s ═ f (θ)Z)。
5. The multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of a space cam mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driven component (Z) and the swinging driven component (B) are replaced with each other to realize motion demonstration of the swinging follower cylindrical cam mechanism and motion rule acquisition experiment of the follower; when the swing driven component (B) replaces the driven component (Z), a swing driven piece sliding block (B1) of the swing driven component (B) is sleeved on a driven piece sliding rod (Z1), a driven piece roller (B8) is placed in a groove of the groove cylindrical cam (T), and meanwhile, the swing driven component (B) is fixed on the driven piece sliding rod (Z1) through a swing driven piece sliding block jackscrew (B11); when the left side isThe handle (L1) is fixed, the right handle (R1) rotates, and the cam rotation angle theta corresponding to one circle of rotation of the groove-shaped cylindrical cam (T) can be readTAnd the swing angle psi of the swing rod (B4), after data processing, the motion rule of the swing follower is obtained: psi ═ f (theta)T) (ii) a When the right handle (R1) is fixed and the left handle (L1) rotates, the rotation angle theta of the driven member component (Z) can be readZAnd the swing angle psi of the swing rod (B4), after data processing, the motion rule of the swing follower is obtained: psi ═ f (theta)Z)。
6. The multi-functional laboratory teaching instrument of a space cam mechanism according to claim 1, wherein it is further provided with a pin having the same outer diameter as the follower roller (Z5) and a pin having the same outer diameter as the follower roller (B8); follower rollers (Z5) and (B8) on the driven assembly (Z) and the swing driven assembly (B) can be detached and replaced by a pin shaft with the same outer diameter as the roller, so that the experiment of a spatial cylindrical cam mechanism with sliding friction instead of rolling friction is realized.
7. The multifunctional experimental teaching instrument of a space cam mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of different grooved cylindrical cams having the same outer dimensions but different groove tracks are provided to select different grooved cylindrical cams for experiments.
8. A space cam mechanism multifunctional experimental teaching instrument as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the direct-acting driven slide block (Z4) can only realize a single degree of freedom of movement along the slide bar relative to the driven slide bar (Z1).
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