CN111898861B - Grading evaluation method for geographical interest point dangers by geological disasters - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a grading evaluation method of geological disasters on the dangers of geographical interest points, which comprises the following steps: step one: classifying the types of the geographic interest points, and grading the importance of the geographic interest points; step two: selecting a grading evaluation index of the geological disasters, and grading the grades of the geological disasters; step three: calculating the spatial proximity of each geographic interest point and the geological disaster point in the disaster influence range; step four: calculating the space proximity factor of the geographic interest points and the disaster points, the importance factor of the geographic interest points and the product sum of the geological disaster grade factors, obtaining the dangers of the geological disaster points, grading, and finishing the dangerous evaluation grading of the geological disaster points on the geographic interest points. The method can reflect the influence degree of the geological disaster on the geographical interest points in the disaster range, and can accurately reflect the danger of the geological disaster on production and life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster evaluation, and relates to a grading evaluation method of geological disaster on the risk of a geographical interest point.
Background
The topography of China is complex and various, geological disasters occur frequently, and the geological disasters mainly comprise collapse, landslide, debris flow, collapse, ground cracks, ground subsidence and the like. The occurrence of the geological disaster has great influence on the life production of human beings, and is particularly important for the evaluation of the geological disaster risk in the geological disaster frequent region so as to effectively guide the management of the geological disaster. With the development of big data, the application of the geographic interest point data is wider. In the geographic information system, a geographic interest point can be a house, a shop, a mailbox, a bus station and the like, and each geographic interest point contains information of names, categories, coordinates and the like.
The danger of the geological disaster is mainly the manifestation of the natural attribute characteristics of the geological disaster. From qualitative analysis, the higher the activity level of geological disasters, the greater the risk and the more serious the damage to the disasters. From the requirement of quantitative evaluation, the risk of geological disasters needs to be reflected by specific indexes. Currently, in disaster risk evaluation, indexes such as disaster volume, number and amplitude are used as geological disaster risk evaluation standards. The traditional geological disaster risk assessment only considers the factors of the geological disaster, and lacks the actual influence assessment on society, and the geographic interest point data reflects the real matters. Therefore, a method for evaluating the risk of geological disasters on geographical points of interest is needed to accurately reflect the risk of geological disasters on production and life.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a grading evaluation method for the risk of geological disasters on geographical interest points, which can be used for reflecting the influence degree of the geological disasters on the geographical interest points in the disaster range and accurately reflecting the risk of the geological disasters on production and life.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a grading evaluation method of the risk of geological disasters to geographical interest points, which comprises the following steps:
step one: classifying the types of the geographic interest points, and grading the importance of the geographic interest points;
classifying the importance classification and the like of the geographic interest points into 4 grades according to the importance classification evaluation indexes of the geographic interest points, wherein the geographical interest points of automobile service, daily service, cultural entertainment and natural geography are I grade, the geographical interest points of religious facilities, welfare institutions, restaurants, hotels, shopping and financial institutions are II grade, the geographical interest points of party government institutions, education and training institutions and enterprises and institutions are III grade, the geographical interest points of medical health, human geography, media and communication and emergency geography are IV grade, and the higher the grade is, the more important the geographical interest points are represented; each grade corresponds to one grade, and normalized weight of the corresponding grade is obtained through normalization processing;
step two: selecting a grading evaluation index of the geological disasters, and grading the grades of the geological disasters;
determining grading evaluation indexes of collapse volume, landslide volume, debris flow accumulation volume, ground collapse influence range, ground crack influence range and ground settlement area according to disaster types; dividing each grading evaluation index into four grades of small disasters, medium disasters, large disasters and oversized disasters, wherein the higher the grade is, the more serious the disaster degree is; each grade corresponds to one grade, and normalized weight of the corresponding grade is obtained through normalization processing;
step three: calculating the spatial proximity of each geographic interest point and the geological disaster point in the disaster influence range according to the formula (1);
wherein Pij is the spatial proximity of the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point, and dij is the spatial linear distance between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point;
step four: calculating the product sum of the spatial proximity factor of the geographic interest points and the disaster points, the importance factor of the geographic interest points and the geological disaster grade factor according to the formula (2), obtaining the dangers of the geological disaster points, grading, and finishing the dangerous evaluation grading of the geological disaster points to the geographic interest points;
si is the disaster grade of the ith disaster point, and I is the importance degree of the jth geographic interest point.
Preferably, in the first step, the geographical interest point importance ranking evaluation index includes social factors, economic factors and population factors.
Preferably, in step two, the collapsed volume comprises the volume of the rock mass.
As a preferable aspect, in the second step, the grade grading criterion of the collapse disaster is:
collapse volume of less than 1 x 10 4 m 3 For small disasters, collapse volume is larger than or equal to 1×10 4 And is less than 10 x 10 4 m 3 Is a medium disaster, and has a collapse volume of 10×10 or more 4 And less than or equal to 100X 10 4 m 3 Is a large disaster, and has collapse volume of more than 100×10 4 m 3 Is an oversized disaster;
the grade grading standard of landslide hazard is: the landslide volume is less than 10 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 For small disasters, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 10 4 And less than 100 x 10 4 m 3 Is a medium disaster, and the landslide volume is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10 4 And less than or equal to 1000X 10 4 m 3 Is a large disaster, and the landslide volume is more than 1000 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 Is an oversized disaster;
the grading standard of the debris flow disaster is as follows: the volume of the deposit is less than 2 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 For small disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 2×10 4 And is less than 20 x 10 4 m 3 For medium-sized disasters, the volume of the deposit is larger than or equal to 20 multiplied by 10 4 And 50X 10 or less 4 m 3 For large disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than 50 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 Is an oversized disaster;
the grade grading standard of the ground collapse disasters is as follows: collapse effect range is less than 1Km 2 Is a small disaster, and the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 1 and less than 10Km 2 Is a medium-sized disaster, and the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 20Km 2 Is a large disaster, and the collapse influence range is more than 20Km 2 Is an oversized disaster;
the grading standard of the ground crack disasters is as follows: the ground fissure influence range is less than 1Km 2 For small disasters, the influence range of the ground cracks is more than or equal to 1 and less than 5Km 2 Is a medium-sized disaster, and the influence range of the ground cracks is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10Km 2 For large disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than 10Km 2 Is an oversized disaster;
the grade grading standard of the ground subsidence disasters is as follows: the ground subsidence area is less than 10Km 2 For small disasters, the ground subsidence area is more than or equal to 10 and less than 100Km 2 Is a medium disaster, and the ground subsidence area is more than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 500Km 2 Is a large disaster, and the ground subsidence area is more than 500Km 2 Is an oversized disaster.
As one preferable, in the second step, the grades of the four stages of the small-sized disaster, the medium-sized disaster, the large-sized disaster and the ultra-large-sized disaster are 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, and the normalized weights of the four stages of the small-sized disaster, the medium-sized disaster, the large-sized disaster and the ultra-large-sized disaster are 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 respectively.
Preferably, in the calculating of the spatial proximity in the third step, the spatial proximity is defined to be 1 when the distance between the geographical interest point and the disaster point is 0, and is defined to be 0 when the geographical interest point is out of the influence range of the disaster point.
In the risk calculation process of the geological disaster in the fourth step, preferably, firstly, all the geographical interest points and the space distances in the influence range of the geological disaster are counted, then the corresponding space adjacency is calculated, and finally, the sum of products of the importance normalized weights of the geographical interest points, the scale normalized weights of the geological disaster and the space adjacency of all the affected points is calculated.
The invention relates to a method for grading the risk evaluation of geological disasters on geographical interest point data, which takes the importance of the disaster grade of the geological disasters and the geographical interest point as weights, and simultaneously takes the spatial proximity of the geological disasters and the geographical interest point as parameters, so that quantitative evaluation can be carried out on the geological disasters. Therefore, the method has the characteristic of standardization, and the evaluation result can be used for the dangerous sequencing of each geological disaster point due to the standard geological disaster grading method and the geographical interest point grading method, so that a reliable basis is provided for the geological disaster treatment priority order. The grading evaluation method fully considers the influence of geological disasters on the production and life of disaster areas, and has more practical significance than the existing geological disaster risk evaluation method. Meanwhile, the method is simple and efficient, is convenient to operate, and can evaluate the dangers of various disaster points in the geological disaster-prone area in batches.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the risk assessment results of geological disasters on geographical interest point data in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a grading evaluation method of the risk of geological disasters to geographical interest points, which comprises the following steps:
step one: classifying the types of the geographic interest points, and grading the importance of the geographic interest points;
the geographic interest point data are obtained through the web crawlers, the geographic interest point data are classified into 17 major categories, and the 17 major categories of geographic interest point data are classified into four categories according to importance by comprehensively considering the social effect, economic effect, population and other factors of various geographic interest point data, as shown in table 1. The geographical interest point importance grading evaluation index comprises social factors, economic factors and population factors; the geographic interest points of automobile service, daily service, cultural entertainment and natural geography are class I, the geographic interest points of religious facilities, welfare institutions, dining, hotels, shopping and financial institutions are class II, the geographic interest points of party administrative institutions, education and training institutions and enterprises and institutions are class III, the geographic interest points of medical treatment and health, human geography, media and communication and emergency geography are class IV, and the higher the class is, the more important the geographic interest points are;
table 1 geographical point of interest importance ranking table:
and quantifying according to the importance grades of the geographic interest points to obtain different grade fractions, wherein the grade fractions corresponding to the higher importance of the geographic interest points are higher, the grade I corresponds to grade 1, the grade II corresponds to grade 2, the grade III corresponds to grade 3, the grade IV corresponds to grade 4, and then normalizing the grade fractions to obtain the importance normalization weight of the geographic interest points, wherein the grade I is 0.25, the grade II is 0.5, the grade III is 0.75, and the grade IV is 1, as shown in table 2.
Table 2 geographical point of interest hierarchical weight table:
| importance level | Level I | Grade II | Class III | Grade IV |
| Grade fraction | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Normalized weights | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 1 |
Step two: selecting a grading evaluation index of the geological disasters, and grading the grades of the geological disasters;
according to the result of the geological survey, the classification evaluation indexes of collapse volume (containing dangerous rock), landslide volume, debris flow accumulation volume, ground collapse influence range, ground crack influence range and ground settlement area are determined according to the disaster type, and are shown in table 3.
Table 3 table of scale grading parameters of geological disasters:
determining the scale grade of the geological disaster according to the geological disaster investigation data and the geological disaster scale grading parameter table, and dividing each grading evaluation index into four grades of small-sized disasters, medium-sized disasters, large-sized disasters and oversized disasters as shown in table 4, wherein the higher the grade is, the more serious the disaster degree is; specifically, the grading standards of the collapse disaster are: collapse volume (dangerous rock mass) is less than 1×10 4 m 3 For small disasters, the collapse volume (including dangerous rock) is 1×10 or more 4 And is less than 10 x 10 4 m 3 Is a medium disaster, and has a collapse volume (including dangerous rock) of 10×10 or more 4 And less than or equal to 100X 10 4 m 3 For large disasters, the collapse volume (containing dangerous rock) is more than 100×10 4 m 3 Is an oversized disaster; the grade grading standard of landslide hazard is: the landslide volume is less than 10 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 For small disasters, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 10 4 And less than 100 x 10 4 m 3 Is a medium-sized disaster, and the landslide volume is larger than or equal toAt 100X 10 4 And less than or equal to 1000X 10 4 m 3 Is a large disaster, and the landslide volume is more than 1000 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 Is an oversized disaster; the grading standard of the debris flow disaster is as follows: the volume of the deposit is less than 2 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 For small disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 2×10 4 And is less than 20 x 10 4 m 3 For medium-sized disasters, the volume of the deposit is larger than or equal to 20 multiplied by 10 4 And 50X 10 or less 4 m 3 For large disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than 50 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 Is an oversized disaster; the grade grading standard of the ground collapse disasters is as follows: collapse effect range is less than 1Km 2 Is a small disaster, and the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 1 and less than 10Km 2 Is a medium-sized disaster, and the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 20Km 2 Is a large disaster, and the collapse influence range is more than 20Km 2 Is an oversized disaster; the grading standard of the ground crack disasters is as follows: the ground fissure influence range is less than 1Km 2 For small disasters, the influence range of the ground cracks is more than or equal to 1 and less than 5Km 2 Is a medium-sized disaster, and the influence range of the ground cracks is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10Km 2 For large disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than 10Km 2 Is an oversized disaster; the grade grading standard of the ground subsidence disasters is as follows: the ground subsidence area is less than 10Km 2 For small disasters, the ground subsidence area is more than or equal to 10 and less than 100Km 2 Is a medium disaster, and the ground subsidence area is more than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 500Km 2 Is a large disaster, and the ground subsidence area is more than 500Km 2 Is an oversized disaster.
Table 4 scale grading table of geological disasters:
quantifying according to the scale level of the geological disaster, and enabling each level to correspond to one grade, wherein the grade corresponding to the higher the scale level of the geological disaster is, specifically, the grade of the four grades of the small disaster, the medium disaster, the large disaster and the oversized disaster is respectively 1 grade, 2 grade, 3 grade and 4 grade; and carrying out normalization treatment on the peer-to-peer fractions to obtain normalized weights of geological disaster scale levels, wherein the normalized weights of four levels of small-scale disasters, medium-scale disasters, large-scale disasters and oversized disasters are respectively 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1, as shown in table 5.
Table 5 geological disaster scale level weight table:
| disaster grade | Oversized type | Large-scale | Medium-sized | Small-sized device |
| Grade fraction | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Normalized weights | 1 | 0.75 | 0.5 | 0.25 |
Step three: calculating the spatial proximity of each geographic interest point and the geological disaster point in the disaster influence range according to the formula (1); spatial proximity refers to the degree to which two features in a geographic space are closely spaced, with closer distance being greater. Defining that when the distance between the geographical interest point and the disaster point is 0, the spatial proximity is 1, and when the geographical interest point is located outside the influence range of the disaster point, the spatial proximity is 0.
Wherein Pij is the spatial proximity of the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point, dij is the spatial linear distance (unit: km) between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point;
step four: calculating the product sum of the spatial proximity factor of the geographic interest points and the disaster points, the importance factor of the geographic interest points and the geological disaster grade factor according to the formula (2), obtaining the dangers of the geological disaster points, grading, and finishing the dangerous evaluation grading of the geological disaster points to the geographic interest points; and counting all the geographical interest points and the space distances within the influence range of the geological disaster point by utilizing a GIS space statistics function, calculating the corresponding space adjacency according to the third step, and finally calculating the sum of products of the geographical interest point importance normalization weight, the geological disaster scale level normalization weight and the space adjacency of all the affected points to obtain the risk of the geological disaster point, as shown in fig. 2.
Si is the disaster grade of the ith disaster point, and I is the importance degree of the jth geographic interest point.
Claims (7)
1. A grading evaluation method of the risk of a geological disaster to a geographical interest point is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: classifying the types of the geographic interest points, and grading the importance of the geographic interest points;
classifying the importance classification and the like of the geographic interest points into 4 grades according to the importance classification evaluation indexes of the geographic interest points, wherein the geographical interest points of automobile service, daily service, cultural entertainment and natural geography are I grade, the geographical interest points of religious facilities, welfare institutions, restaurants, hotels, shopping and financial institutions are II grade, the geographical interest points of party government institutions, education and training institutions and enterprises and institutions are III grade, the geographical interest points of medical health, human geography, media and communication and emergency geography are IV grade, and the higher the grade is, the more important the geographical interest points are represented; each grade corresponds to one grade, and normalized weight of the corresponding grade is obtained through normalization processing;
step two: selecting a grading evaluation index of the geological disasters, and grading the grades of the geological disasters;
determining grading evaluation indexes of collapse volume, landslide volume, debris flow accumulation volume, ground collapse influence range, ground crack influence range and ground settlement area according to disaster types; dividing each grading evaluation index into four grades of small disasters, medium disasters, large disasters and oversized disasters, wherein the higher the grade is, the more serious the disaster degree is; each grade corresponds to one grade, and normalized weight of the corresponding grade is obtained through normalization processing;
step three: calculating the spatial proximity of each geographic interest point and the geological disaster point in the disaster influence range according to the formula (1);
wherein Pij is the spatial proximity of the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point, and dij is the spatial linear distance between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point;
step four: calculating the product sum of the spatial proximity factor of the geographic interest points and the disaster points, the importance factor of the geographic interest points and the geological disaster grade factor according to the formula (2), obtaining the dangers of the geological disaster points, grading, and finishing the dangerous evaluation grading of the geological disaster points to the geographic interest points;
si is the disaster grade of the ith disaster point, and I is the importance degree of the jth geographic interest point.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the geographical point of interest importance ranking evaluation index includes social factors, economic factors and population factors.
3. A method of grading the risk of a geological disaster to a geographical point of interest according to claim 2, characterized in that in step two the collapsed volume comprises the volume of the hazardous rock mass.
4. A method for grading the risk of a geological disaster to a geographical point of interest according to claim 3, wherein in the second step, the grading criteria for the collapsed disaster are:
collapse volume of less than 1 x 10 4 m 3 For small disasters, collapse volume is larger than or equal to 1×10 4 And is less than 10 x 10 4 m 3 Is a medium disaster, and has a collapse volume of 10×10 or more 4 And less than or equal to 100X 10 4 m 3 Is a large disaster, and has collapse volume of more than 100×10 4 m 3 Is an oversized disaster;
the grade grading standard of landslide hazard is: the landslide volume is less than 10 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 For small disasters, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 10 4 And less than 100 x 10 4 m 3 Is a medium disaster, and the landslide volume is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10 4 And less than or equal to 1000X 10 4 m 3 Is a large disaster, and the landslide volume is more than 1000 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 Is an oversized disaster;
the grading standard of the debris flow disaster is as follows: the volume of the deposit is less than 2 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 For small disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 2×10 4 And is less than 20 x 10 4 m 3 For medium-sized disasters, the volume of the deposit is larger than or equal to 20 multiplied by 10 4 And 50X 10 or less 4 m 3 For large disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than 50 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 Is an oversized disaster;
the grade grading standard of the ground collapse disasters is as follows: collapse effect range is less than 1Km 2 Is a small disaster, and the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 1 and less than 10Km 2 Is a medium-sized disaster, and the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 20Km 2 Is a large disaster, and the collapse influence range is more than 20Km 2 Is an oversized disaster;
the grading standard of the ground crack disasters is as follows: the ground fissure influence range is less than 1Km 2 For small disasters, the influence range of the ground cracks is more than or equal to 1 and less than 5Km 2 Is a medium-sized disaster, and the influence range of the ground cracks is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10Km 2 For large disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than 10Km 2 Is an oversized disaster;
the grade grading standard of the ground subsidence disasters is as follows: the ground subsidence area is less than 10Km 2 For small disasters, the ground subsidence area is more than or equal to 10 and less than 100Km 2 Is a medium disaster, and the ground subsidence area is more than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 500Km 2 Is a large disaster, and the ground subsidence area is more than 500Km 2 Is an oversized disaster.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the second step, the four grades of the small-scale disaster, the medium-scale disaster, the large-scale disaster and the ultra-scale disaster are respectively 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the four normalized weights of the small-scale disaster, the medium-scale disaster, the large-scale disaster and the ultra-scale disaster are respectively 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.
6. The method for hierarchical assessment of risk of a geological disaster to a geographical point of interest according to claim 5, wherein in the step three, the spatial proximity is defined to be 1 when the distance between the geographical point of interest and the disaster point is 0, and is defined to be 0 when the geographical point of interest is out of the influence range of the disaster point.
7. The method for grading the risk of geological disaster to the geographical points of interest according to claim 6, wherein in the process of calculating the risk of geological disaster in the fourth step, all the geographical points of interest and the spatial distances in the influence range of the geological disaster are counted, the corresponding spatial proximity is calculated, and finally the sum of products of the importance normalized weights of the geographical points of interest, the scale normalized weights of the geological disaster and the spatial proximity of all the affected points is calculated.
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