CN111898861A - Grading evaluation method for geological disaster to geographic interest point dangerousness - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating the risk of geological disasters on geographical interest points in a grading manner, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: classifying the types of the geographic interest points, and grading the importance of the geographic interest points; step two: selecting a geological disaster grading evaluation index, and grading the grade of the geological disaster; step three: calculating the spatial proximity of each geographical interest point and the geological disaster point within the disaster influence range; step four: and calculating the product of the spatial proximity factor of the geographical interest point and the disaster point, the importance factor of the geographical interest point and the geological disaster grade factor to obtain the risk of the geological disaster point, grading, and finishing the risk evaluation grading of the geological disaster point on the geographical interest point. The method can emphatically reflect the influence degree of the geological disaster on the geographical interest points in the disaster range, and can accurately reflect the risks of the geological disaster on production and life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster evaluation, and relates to a method for grading evaluation of geological disaster on the risk of geographical interest points.
Background
China has complex and various terrains and frequent geological disasters, and the geological disasters mainly comprise types of collapse, landslide, debris flow, collapse, ground cracks, ground settlement and the like. The occurrence of geological disasters has great influence on human life and production, and is particularly important for geological disaster risk assessment in order to effectively guide the control of geological disasters in areas with multiple geological disasters. With the development of big data, the application of the geographical interest point data is more extensive. In the geographic information system, a geographic interest point may be a house, a shop, a mailbox, a bus station, etc., and each geographic interest point contains information about name, category, coordinates, etc.
The danger of the geological disaster mainly reflects the natural attribute characteristics of the geological disaster. From qualitative analysis, the higher the activity level of a geological disaster, the greater the risk and the more serious the damage of the disaster. From the viewpoint of quantitative evaluation, the risk of geological disaster needs to be reflected by a specific index. In disaster risk evaluation, indexes such as disaster volume, number and amplitude are used as geological disaster risk evaluation standards. The traditional geological disaster risk assessment only considers the geological disaster factors, lacks the actual influence assessment on the society, and the geographic interest point data just reflects the real substances. Therefore, a method for evaluating the risk of geological disasters on the geographical interest point data in a grading manner is needed to accurately reflect the risk of the geological disasters on production and life.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for evaluating the dangerousness of geological disasters on geographical interest points in a grading manner, which can reflect the influence degree of the geological disasters on the geographical interest points in a disaster range in an emphasized manner and can accurately reflect the dangerousness of the geological disasters on production and life.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for rating the risk of a geological disaster on a geographical point of interest, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: classifying the types of the geographic interest points, and grading the importance of the geographic interest points;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) classifying the importance classification level of geographic interest points into 4 grades according to the importance classification evaluation indexes of the geographic interest points, wherein the geographic interest points of automobile service, daily service, cultural entertainment and natural geography are I grades, the geographic interest points of religion facilities, welfare agencies, restaurants, hotels, shopping and finance are II grades, the geographic interest points of administrative agencies, education training and enterprises and public institutions are III grades, the geographic interest points of medical health, humanistic geography, media and communication and emergency geography are IV grades, and the higher the grade is, the more important the geographic interest points are represented; each grade corresponds to a grade, and the normalization weight of the corresponding grade is obtained through normalization processing;
step two: selecting a geological disaster grading evaluation index, and grading the grade of the geological disaster;
determining graded evaluation indexes which are collapse volume, landslide volume, debris flow accumulation volume, ground collapse influence range, ground crack influence range and ground settlement and settlement area according to the disaster type; dividing each grading evaluation index into four grades of small-scale disaster, medium-scale disaster, large-scale disaster and super-large-scale disaster, wherein the higher the grade is, the more serious the disaster degree is; each grade corresponds to a grade, and the normalization weight of the corresponding grade is obtained through normalization processing;
step three: calculating the spatial proximity of each geographical interest point and the geological disaster point within the disaster influence range according to the formula (1);
in the formula, Pij is the spatial proximity of the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point, and dij is the spatial linear distance between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point;
step four: calculating the product of spatial proximity factors of the geographical interest points and the disaster points, importance factors of the geographical interest points and geological disaster grade factors according to a formula (2) to obtain the dangers of the geological disaster points, grading the dangers, and finishing the evaluation grading of the dangers of the geological disaster points on the geographical interest points;
wherein Si is the disaster grade of the ith disaster point, and I is the importance degree of the jth geographic interest point.
Preferably, in the step one, the geographic interest point importance rating index includes social factors, economic factors and population factors.
Preferably, in step two, the collapse volume comprises the volume of the dangerous rock mass.
Preferably, in the second step, the grade classification standard of the collapse disaster is as follows:
collapse volume less than 1 × 104m3For small disaster, the collapse volume is 1 × 104And less than 10 x 104m3For medium-sized disasters, the collapse volume is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 104And is 100 x 10 or less4m3For large-scale disasters, the collapse volume is more than 100 multiplied by 104m3Is an oversize disaster;
grade grading standards of landslide disasters are as follows: the landslide volume is less than 10 multiplied by 104m3For small disasters, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 104And less than 100 x 104m3For medium disaster, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 104And is not more than 1000X 104m3For large disasters, the landslide volume is more than 1000 multiplied by 104m3Is an oversize disaster;
the grading standard of the debris flow disasters is as follows: the volume of the deposit is less than 2 x 104m3For small disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 104And less than 20X 104m3For medium disaster, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 104And is not more than 50X 104m3For large disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than 50 multiplied by 104m3Is an oversize disaster;
the grade grading standard of the ground collapse disaster is as follows: collapse influence range is less than 1Km2For small-sized disasters, the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 1 and less than 10Km2For medium-sized disasters, the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 20Km2For large-scale disasters, the collapse influence range is more than 20Km2Is an oversize disaster;
the grade grading standard of the ground crack disaster is as follows: the influence range of ground cracks is less than 1Km2For small disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than or equal to 1 and less than 5Km2For medium-sized disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10Km2For large-scale disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than 10Km2Is an oversize disaster;
the grade grading standard of the ground settlement disaster is as follows: the ground settlement area is less than 10Km2For small disasters, the ground settlement area is more than or equal to 10 and less than 100Km2For medium-sized disasters, the ground settlement area is more than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 500Km2For large-scale disasters, the ground settlement area is more than 500Km2Is an oversize disaster.
Preferably, in the second step, the grades of the four grades of the small disaster, the medium disaster, the large disaster and the extra large disaster are respectively 1 grade, 2 grade, 3 grade and 4 grade, and the normalized weights of the four grades of the small disaster, the medium disaster, the large disaster and the extra large disaster are respectively 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.
Preferably, in the spatial proximity calculation process in step three, it is defined that the spatial proximity is 1 when the distance between the geographic interest point and the disaster point is 0, and the spatial proximity is 0 when the geographic interest point is outside the influence range of the disaster point.
Preferably, in the process of calculating the risk of the geological disaster point in the fourth step, all the geographical interest points and the spatial distances within the influence range of the geological disaster point are counted, the corresponding spatial proximity is calculated, and finally, the product of the geographical interest point importance normalization weight, the geological disaster scale normalization weight and the spatial proximity of all the influenced points is calculated.
The invention relates to a method for evaluating and grading the risk of geological disaster on geographical interest point data, which takes the disaster grade of the geological disaster and the importance of the geographical interest point as weights and the spatial proximity of the geological disaster and the geographical interest point as parameters and can carry out quantitative evaluation on the geological disaster. Therefore, the method has the characteristic of standardization, and due to the fact that the standard geological disaster grading method and the geographical interest point grading method are used, the evaluation result can be used for risk sequencing of each geological disaster point, and reliable basis is provided for the geological disaster control priority. The grading evaluation method fully considers the influence of the geological disaster on production and life of the disaster area, and has more practical significance compared with the conventional geological disaster risk evaluation method. Meanwhile, the method is simple and efficient, is convenient to operate, and can be used for evaluating the dangerousness of each disaster point in the geological disaster area in batch.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the risk assessment result of a geological disaster on geographical point of interest data according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for rating the risk of a geological disaster on a geographical point of interest, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: classifying the types of the geographic interest points, and grading the importance of the geographic interest points;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining geographic interest point data through a web crawler, dividing the geographic interest point data into 17 categories, and dividing the 17 categories of geographic interest point data into four levels according to importance by comprehensively considering factors such as social action, economic action, population and the like of the various geographic interest point data, wherein the four levels are shown in a table 1. The geographic interest point importance grading evaluation indexes comprise social factors, economic factors and population factors; the geographic interest points of automobile service, daily service, cultural entertainment and natural geography are of level I, the geographic interest points of religion facilities, welfare mechanisms, catering, hotels, shopping and finance are of level II, the geographic interest points of party administration mechanisms, education training and enterprises and institutions are of level III, the geographic interest points of medical sanitation, humanistic geography, media and communication and emergency geography are of level IV, and the higher the level is, the more important the geographic interest points are;
table 1 geographical point of interest importance ranking table:
the method comprises the steps of quantifying according to importance grades of geographic interest points to obtain different grade grades, wherein the higher the importance of the geographic interest points, the higher the corresponding grade is, the grade I corresponds to 1 grade, the grade II corresponds to 2 grade, the grade III corresponds to 3 grade, and the grade IV corresponds to 4 grade, then normalizing the grade grades to obtain the importance normalization weight of the geographic interest points, wherein the grade I is 0.25, the grade II is 0.5, the grade III is 0.75, and the grade IV is 1, and is shown in a table 2.
Table 2 geographical point of interest ranking weight table:
| importance rating | Class I | Stage II | Class III | IV stage |
| Fractionation by |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Normalized weight | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 1 |
Step two: selecting a geological disaster grading evaluation index, and grading the grade of the geological disaster;
according to the geological survey data, the survey results are sorted, and the grading evaluation indexes are determined according to the disaster types, namely the collapse volume (including dangerous rock mass), the landslide volume, the debris flow accumulation volume, the ground collapse influence range, the ground crack influence range and the ground settlement area, which are shown in a table 3.
Table 3 geological disaster size grading parameter table:
the scale of the geological disaster is determined according to the geological disaster investigation data and the geological disaster scale grading parameter table, and each grading evaluation index is divided into small scale as shown in table 4The disaster degree is more serious when the grade is higher; specifically, the grade classification standard of the collapse disaster is as follows: the collapse volume (including dangerous rock mass) is less than 1 x 104m3For small disasters, the collapse volume (including dangerous rock mass) is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 104And less than 10 x 104m3For medium-sized disasters, the collapse volume (including dangerous rock mass) is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 104And is 100 x 10 or less4m3For large-scale disasters, the collapse volume (including dangerous rock mass) is more than 100 multiplied by 104m3Is an oversize disaster; grade grading standards of landslide disasters are as follows: the landslide volume is less than 10 multiplied by 104m3For small disasters, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 104And less than 100 x 104m3For medium disaster, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 104And is not more than 1000X 104m3For large disasters, the landslide volume is more than 1000 multiplied by 104m3Is an oversize disaster; the grading standard of the debris flow disasters is as follows: the volume of the deposit is less than 2 x 104m3For small disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 104And less than 20X 104m3For medium disaster, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 104And is not more than 50X 104m3For large disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than 50 multiplied by 104m3Is an oversize disaster; the grade grading standard of the ground collapse disaster is as follows: collapse influence range is less than 1Km2For small-sized disasters, the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 1 and less than 10Km2For medium-sized disasters, the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 20Km2For large-scale disasters, the collapse influence range is more than 20Km2Is an oversize disaster; the grade grading standard of the ground crack disaster is as follows: the influence range of ground cracks is less than 1Km2For small disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than or equal to 1 and less than 5Km2For medium-sized disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10Km2For large-scale disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than 10Km2Is an oversize disaster; the grade grading standard of the ground settlement disaster is as follows: ground subsidence surfaceProduct less than 10Km2For small disasters, the ground settlement area is more than or equal to 10 and less than 100Km2For medium-sized disasters, the ground settlement area is more than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 500Km2For large-scale disasters, the ground settlement area is more than 500Km2Is an oversize disaster.
Table 4 geological disaster scale grading table:
quantifying according to the scale grade of the geological disaster, and corresponding each grade to one grade, wherein the grade corresponding to the higher scale grade of the geological disaster is higher, and specifically, the grade of four grades of a small disaster, a medium disaster, a large disaster and an oversize disaster is respectively 1 grade, 2 grades, 3 grades and 4 grades; and carrying out normalization processing on the grading grades to obtain the scale normalization weights of the geological disasters, wherein the four levels of normalization weights of the small-scale disasters, the medium-scale disasters, the large-scale disasters and the extra-large-scale disasters are respectively 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1, and are shown in the table 5.
Table 5 geological disaster size scale weighting table:
| disaster rating | Super-huge type | Large scale | Medium size | Small-sized |
| Fractionation by aliquots | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Normalized |
1 | 0.75 | 0.5 | 0.25 |
Step three: calculating the spatial proximity of each geographical interest point and the geological disaster point within the disaster influence range according to the formula (1); spatial proximity refers to the degree to which two objects in geographic space are close in distance, with the closer the distance, the greater the spatial proximity. When the distance between the geographic interest point and the disaster point is defined to be 0, the spatial proximity is defined to be 1, and when the geographic interest point is out of the influence range of the disaster point, the spatial proximity is defined to be 0.
In the formula, Pij is the spatial proximity of the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point, and dij is the spatial linear distance (unit: kilometer) between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point;
step four: calculating the product of spatial proximity factors of the geographical interest points and the disaster points, importance factors of the geographical interest points and geological disaster grade factors according to a formula (2) to obtain the dangers of the geological disaster points, grading the dangers, and finishing the evaluation grading of the dangers of the geological disaster points on the geographical interest points; and (3) counting all geographical interest points and spatial distances in the influence range of the geological disaster point by utilizing a GIS spatial counting function, calculating corresponding spatial proximity according to the third step, and finally calculating the product of the geographical interest point importance normalization weight, the geological disaster scale normalization weight and the spatial proximity of all the influenced points to obtain the risk of the geological disaster point, wherein the product is shown in figure 2.
Wherein Si is the disaster grade of the ith disaster point, and I is the importance degree of the jth geographic interest point.
Claims (7)
1. A method for evaluating the risk of geological disasters on geographical interest points in a grading manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: classifying the types of the geographic interest points, and grading the importance of the geographic interest points;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) classifying the importance classification level of geographic interest points into 4 grades according to the importance classification evaluation indexes of the geographic interest points, wherein the geographic interest points of automobile service, daily service, cultural entertainment and natural geography are I grades, the geographic interest points of religion facilities, welfare agencies, restaurants, hotels, shopping and finance are II grades, the geographic interest points of administrative agencies, education training and enterprises and public institutions are III grades, the geographic interest points of medical health, humanistic geography, media and communication and emergency geography are IV grades, and the higher the grade is, the more important the geographic interest points are represented; each grade corresponds to a grade, and the normalization weight of the corresponding grade is obtained through normalization processing;
step two: selecting a geological disaster grading evaluation index, and grading the grade of the geological disaster;
determining graded evaluation indexes which are collapse volume, landslide volume, debris flow accumulation volume, ground collapse influence range, ground crack influence range and ground settlement and settlement area according to the disaster type; dividing each grading evaluation index into four grades of small-scale disaster, medium-scale disaster, large-scale disaster and super-large-scale disaster, wherein the higher the grade is, the more serious the disaster degree is; each grade corresponds to a grade, and the normalization weight of the corresponding grade is obtained through normalization processing;
step three: calculating the spatial proximity of each geographical interest point and the geological disaster point within the disaster influence range according to the formula (1);
in the formula, Pij is the spatial proximity of the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point, and dij is the spatial linear distance between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point;
step four: calculating the product of spatial proximity factors of the geographical interest points and the disaster points, importance factors of the geographical interest points and geological disaster grade factors according to a formula (2) to obtain the dangers of the geological disaster points, grading the dangers, and finishing the evaluation grading of the dangers of the geological disaster points on the geographical interest points;
wherein Si is the disaster grade of the ith disaster point, and I is the importance degree of the jth geographic interest point.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the index for graded evaluation of importance of geographic interest points includes social factors, economic factors and demographic factors.
3. The method for graded evaluation of the risk of the geological disaster on the geographical point of interest according to the claim 2, wherein in the second step, the collapse volume comprises the volume of dangerous rock mass.
4. The method for assessing the risk of a geological disaster on a geographical point of interest according to claim 3, wherein in the second step, the grade of the collapse disaster is determined by the following criteria:
collapse volume less than 1 × 104m3For small disaster, the collapse volume is 1 × 104And less than 10 x 104m3For medium-sized disasters, the collapse volume is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 104And is 100 x 10 or less4m3For large-scale disasters, the collapse volume is more than 100 multiplied by 104m3Is very bigType disasters;
grade grading standards of landslide disasters are as follows: the landslide volume is less than 10 multiplied by 104m3For small disasters, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 104And less than 100 x 104m3For medium disaster, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 104And is not more than 1000X 104m3For large disasters, the landslide volume is more than 1000 multiplied by 104m3Is an oversize disaster;
the grading standard of the debris flow disasters is as follows: the volume of the deposit is less than 2 x 104m3For small disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 104And less than 20X 104m3For medium disaster, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 104And is not more than 50X 104m3For large disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than 50 multiplied by 104m3Is an oversize disaster;
the grade grading standard of the ground collapse disaster is as follows: collapse influence range is less than 1Km2For small-sized disasters, the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 1 and less than 10Km2For medium-sized disasters, the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 20Km2For large-scale disasters, the collapse influence range is more than 20Km2Is an oversize disaster;
the grade grading standard of the ground crack disaster is as follows: the influence range of ground cracks is less than 1Km2For small disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than or equal to 1 and less than 5Km2For medium-sized disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10Km2For large-scale disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than 10Km2Is an oversize disaster;
the grade grading standard of the ground settlement disaster is as follows: the ground settlement area is less than 10Km2For small disasters, the ground settlement area is more than or equal to 10 and less than 100Km2For medium-sized disasters, the ground settlement area is more than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 500Km2For large-scale disasters, the ground settlement area is more than 500Km2Is an oversize disaster.
5. The method for graded evaluation of the risk of the geological disaster on the geographical interest point according to the claim 4, wherein in the second step, the grades of the four grades of the small disaster, the medium disaster, the large disaster and the oversize disaster are respectively 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the normalized weights of the four grades of the small disaster, the medium disaster, the large disaster and the oversize disaster are respectively 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step three, when the distance between the geographic interest point and the disaster point is 0, the spatial proximity is defined as 1, and when the geographic interest point is out of the influence range of the disaster point, the spatial proximity is defined as 0.
7. The method for graded evaluation of the risk of the geological disaster on the geographical interest points according to the claim 6, wherein in the process of calculating the risk of the geological disaster points in the fourth step, all geographical interest points and spatial distances within the influence range of the geological disaster points are counted, the corresponding spatial proximity is calculated, and finally, the product of the geographical interest point importance normalization weight, the geological disaster scale normalization weight and the spatial proximity of all the influenced points is calculated.
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