CN111898861A - A grading evaluation method for geological hazards to geographical interest points - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for grading evaluation of the risk of geological disasters to geographical interest points, comprising the following steps: step 1: classifying the types of geographical interest points, and grading the importance of the geographical interest points; step 2: selecting geological disaster classification evaluation indicators Step 3: Calculate the spatial proximity between each geographic point of interest and the geological disaster point within the disaster impact range; Step 4: Calculate the spatial proximity factors between the geographic point of interest and the disaster point, and the importance of the geographic point of interest The product sum of the geological factors and the geological hazard grade factors can be used to obtain the risk of the geological hazard points, and grade them to complete the risk assessment and classification of the geological hazard points to the geographical interest points. This method can focus on reflecting the impact of geological disasters on geographical interest points within the disaster range, and can accurately reflect the dangers caused by geological disasters to production and life.

Description

A grading evaluation method for geological hazards to geographical interest points

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster evaluation, and relates to a grading evaluation method for the risk of geological disasters to geographical interest points.

Background technique

my country's terrain is complex and diverse, and geological disasters occur frequently. Geological disasters mainly include several types such as collapse, landslide, debris flow, subsidence, ground fissure, and ground subsidence. The occurrence of geological disasters has a huge impact on human life and production. In areas with frequent geological disasters, in order to effectively guide the management of geological disasters, it is particularly important to assess the risk of geological disasters. With the development of big data, the application of geographic POI data is also more extensive. In a geographic information system, a geographic point of interest can be a house, a shop, a mailbox, a bus stop, etc. Each geographic point of interest contains information such as name, category, and coordinates.

The risk of geological disasters is mainly the reflection of the natural attributes of geological disasters. From the qualitative analysis, the higher the activity level of geological disasters, the greater the risk, and the more serious the disaster losses. From the requirements of quantitative evaluation, the risk of geological disasters needs to be reflected through specific indicators. At present, in disaster risk assessment, indicators such as disaster volume, quantity, and magnitude are used as the assessment criteria for geological disaster risk. The traditional geological disaster risk assessment only considers the factors of the geological disaster itself, and lacks the actual impact assessment on the society, and the geographical interest point data is a reflection of the real material. Therefore, there is a need for a hierarchical evaluation method for the risk of geological disasters to the data of geographic interest points, so as to accurately reflect the risk of geological disasters to production and life.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for grading evaluation of the risk of geological disasters to geographical interest points, which can focus on reflecting the influence degree of geological disasters on geographical interest points within the disaster range, and can accurately reflect geological disasters. The danger caused by disasters to production and life.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a method for grading evaluation of the risk of geological disasters to geographic points of interest, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Categorize the types of geographic POIs, and grade the importance of geographic POIs;

According to the importance grading evaluation index of geographic points of interest, the importance of geographic points of interest is divided into 4 grades, among which, automobile service, daily service, cultural entertainment, physical geography and geographical points of interest are grade I, religious facilities, welfare institutions, catering , hotels, shopping, and finance and economics are grade II, party and government institutions, education and training, enterprises and institutions are grade III, and medical and health, human geography, media and communication, and emergency are grade IV. , the higher the level, the more important the geographic interest point is; each level corresponds to a level, and the normalized weight of the corresponding level is obtained by normalization;

Step 2: Select the grading evaluation index of geological disasters, and classify the grades of geological disasters;

According to the types of disasters, the graded evaluation indicators were determined as collapse volume, landslide volume, debris flow accumulation volume, influence range of ground collapse, influence range of ground fissures, and land subsidence area; each graded evaluation index was divided into small disasters, medium disasters, Large-scale disasters and super-large disasters are classified into four levels. The higher the level, the more serious the disaster is; each level corresponds to a level, and the normalized weight of the corresponding level is obtained through normalization processing;

Step 3: Calculate the spatial proximity of each geographic interest point and the geological disaster point within the disaster impact range according to formula (1);

In the formula, Pij is the spatial proximity between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point, and dij is the spatial straight-line distance between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point;

Step 4: Calculate the product sum of the spatial proximity factors of the geographical interest point and the disaster point, the importance factor of the geographical interest point, and the geological disaster grade factor according to the formula (2) to obtain the risk of the geological disaster point, and classify it to complete the geological disaster point. Risk assessment grading of geographic points of interest;

Among them, Si is the disaster level of the i-th disaster point, and I is the importance degree of the j-th geographical interest point.

As a preferred option, in step 1, the grading evaluation index of the importance of the geographic interest points includes social factors, economic factors and demographic factors.

As a preference, in step 2, the collapsed volume includes the volume of the dangerous rock mass.

As a preference, in step 2, the grading standard of the collapse disaster is:

The collapse volume is less than 1×10 ⁴ m ³ is a small disaster, the collapse volume is greater than or equal to 1×10 ⁴ and less than 10×10 ⁴ m ³ is a medium disaster, and the collapse volume is greater than or equal to 10×10 ⁴ and less than or equal to 100×10 ⁴ m ³ It is a large disaster, and the collapse volume is larger than 100×10 ⁴ m ³ is a super large disaster;

The grading standard of landslide disasters is: the landslide volume is less than 10×10 ⁴ m ³ is a small disaster, the landslide volume is greater than or equal to 10×10 ⁴ and less than 100×10 ⁴ m ³ is a medium-sized disaster, and the landslide volume is greater than or equal to 100×10 ⁴ and Less than or equal to 1000×10 ⁴ m ³ is a large disaster, and the landslide volume is more than 1000×10 ⁴ m ³ is a super large disaster;

The grading standard of debris flow disasters is: the accumulation volume is less than 2 × 10 ⁴ m ³ is a small disaster, the accumulation volume is greater than or equal to 2 × 10 ⁴ and less than 20 × 10 ⁴ m ³ is a medium disaster, and the accumulation volume is greater than or equal to 20 × 10 ⁴ and less than or equal to 50×10 ⁴ m ³ is a large-scale disaster, and the accumulation volume is greater than 50×10 ⁴ m ³ is a super-large disaster;

The grading standards for ground collapse disasters are: small disasters with a collapse impact range of less than 1Km2, medium ^- sized disasters with a collapse impact range greater than or equal to ¹ and less than ^10Km2 , large disasters with a collapse impact range greater than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 20Km2, and collapse. The affected area is more than 20Km2, which is a super ^- large disaster;

The grading standard of ground fissure disasters is: small disasters with the impact range of ground fissures less than ^1Km2 , medium disasters with the impact range of ground fissures greater than or equal to ¹ and less than 5Km2, large disasters with the impact range of ground fissures greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to ^10Km2 Disasters, the impact range of ground fissures is greater than 10Km ² is a super-large disaster;

The grading standards for land subsidence disasters are: small disasters with a land subsidence area of less than 10Km2, medium ^- sized disasters with a land subsidence area greater than or equal to 10 and less than ^100Km2 , large ^- scale disasters with a land subsidence area greater than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 500Km2, and Subsidence area greater than 500Km ² is a very large disaster.

As a preference, in step 2, the grades of small disasters, medium disasters, large disasters and extra large disasters are respectively 1, 2, 3 and 4. Small disasters, medium disasters, large disasters and The normalized weights of the four levels of super-large disasters are 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1, respectively.

As a preference, in the spatial proximity calculation process in step 3, it is defined that when the distance between the geographical interest point and the disaster point is 0, the spatial proximity is 1, and when the geographical interest point is outside the influence range of the disaster point, the spatial proximity is defined as 1. Proximity is 0.

As a preferred option, in the process of calculating the risk of geological disaster points in step 4, firstly calculate all geographic interest points and spatial distances within the influence range of the geological disaster point, then calculate the corresponding spatial proximity, and finally calculate all affected areas. The normalized weight of the geographic point of interest importance of the point, the normalized weight of the scale level of the geological hazard, and the product sum of the spatial proximity.

The present invention is a method for evaluating and grading the risk of geological disasters to the geographic interest point data, which takes the disaster level of the geological disaster and the importance of the geographic interest point as the weight, and takes the spatial proximity of the geological disaster and the geographic interest point as the parameter, and can Quantitative evaluation of geological hazards. Therefore, this method has the characteristics of standardization. Due to the use of the standard geological hazard classification method and geographical interest point classification method, the evaluation results can be used for the hazard ranking of various geological hazard points, which provides a reliable basis for the priority of geological hazard management. . The grading evaluation method in the present invention fully considers the impact of geological disasters on production and life in disaster areas, and has more practical significance than the existing geological disaster risk assessment methods. At the same time, the method is simple, efficient, and easy to operate, and it can batch assess the risk of each disaster point in areas prone to geological disasters.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the risk assessment result of geological disasters to geographic interest point data in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention provides a method for grading evaluation of the risk of geological hazards to geographic points of interest, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Categorize the types of geographic POIs, and grade the importance of geographic POIs;

The geographic POI data is obtained through web crawlers, and the geographic POI data is divided into 17 categories. The 17 categories of geographic POI data are classified according to their importance by comprehensively considering the social, economic, and population factors of various geographic POI data. It is divided into four grades, as shown in Table 1. Among them, the grading evaluation indicators of the importance of geographic points of interest include social factors, economic factors and demographic factors; automobile services, daily services, cultural and entertainment, and physical and geographic geographic points of interest are grade I, and religious facilities, welfare institutions, restaurants, hotels, shopping , The financial and economic geographic points of interest are level II, the party and government institutions, education and training, enterprises and institutions are level III, and the medical and health, human geography, media and communications, and emergency are level IV, and the higher the level Indicates that the geographic point of interest is more important;

Table 1. Scale of the importance of geographic points of interest:

Quantify according to the importance level of geographic interest points, and get different grade points. The higher the importance of geographic interest points, the higher the grade points. The grade corresponds to 4 points, and then the grade points are normalized to obtain the normalized weight of the importance of the geographic interest points, which is 0.25 for the I level, 0.5 for the II level, 0.75 for the III level, and 1 for the IV level, as shown in Table 2. Show.

Table 2. Grading weight table of geographic points of interest:

importance level Class I Class II Class III Class IV grade points 1 2 3 4 normalized weights 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

Step 2: Select the grading evaluation index of geological disasters, and classify the grades of geological disasters;

According to the geological survey data, the survey results were sorted out, and the graded evaluation indicators were determined according to the type of disaster, namely the collapse volume (including dangerous rock mass), the landslide volume, the volume of debris flow deposits, the influence range of ground subsidence, the influence range of ground fissures, and the land subsidence area. as shown in Table 3.

Table 3 The scale and classification parameters of geological disasters:

According to the geological disaster survey data and the geological disaster scale classification parameter table to determine the scale level of geological disasters, as shown in Table 4, each classification evaluation index is divided into four levels: small disasters, medium disasters, large disasters and super large disasters, the higher the level Indicates that the degree of disaster is more serious; specifically, the grading standard of collapse disaster is: the collapse volume (including dangerous rock mass) is less than 1×10 ⁴ m ³ as a small disaster, and the collapse volume (including dangerous rock mass) is greater than or equal to 1×10 ⁴ And less than 10×10 ⁴ m ³ is a medium-sized disaster, the collapse volume (including dangerous rock mass) is greater than or equal to 10×10 ⁴ and less than or equal to 100×10 ⁴ m ³ is a large-scale disaster, and the collapse volume (including dangerous rock mass) is greater than 100× 10 ⁴ m ³ is a very large disaster; the grading standard of landslide disaster is: the landslide volume is less than 10 × 10 ⁴ m ³ is a small disaster, the landslide volume is greater than or equal to 10 × 10 ⁴ and less than 100 × 10 ⁴ m ³ is a medium disaster, The landslide volume is greater than or equal to 100×10 ⁴ and less than or equal to 1000×10 ⁴ m ³ is a large disaster, and the landslide volume is greater than 1000×10 ⁴ m ³ is a super-large disaster; ⁴ m ³ is a small disaster, the accumulation volume is greater than or equal to 2 × 10 ⁴ and less than 20 × 10 ⁴ m ³ is a medium disaster, and the accumulation volume is greater than or equal to 20 × 10 ⁴ and less than or equal to 50 × 10 ⁴ m ³ is a large disaster, The sediment volume is greater than 50×10 ⁴ m ³ as a super-large disaster; the grading standards for ground collapse disasters are: small disasters with a collapse impact range less than 1Km ² , medium disasters with a collapse impact range greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10Km ² , and collapse The impact range is greater than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to ^20Km2 is a large disaster, and the collapse impact range is greater than ^20Km2 is a super large disaster; the grading standard of ground fissure disasters is: the impact range of ground fissures is less than ^1Km2 is a small disaster, and the impact range of ground fissures is small. Greater than or equal to 1 and less than 5Km ² is a medium-sized disaster, a ground fissure influence range greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10Km ² is a large-scale disaster, and a ground fissure impact range greater than 10Km ² is a super-large disaster; The subsidence area of less than ^10Km2 is a small disaster, the land subsidence area is greater than or equal to 10 and less than ^100Km2 is a medium-sized disaster, the land subsidence area is greater than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to ^500Km2 is a large-scale disaster, and the land subsidence area is greater than ^500Km2 is a super-large disaster.

Table 4 Grading table of scale of geological disasters:

Quantify according to the scale level of geological disasters, and assign each level to a grade point. The higher the scale level of geological disasters, the higher the grade point. Specifically, there are four grades of small disaster, medium disaster, large disaster and extra large disaster The grade points are 1 point, 2 points, 3 points and 4 points respectively; the grade points are normalized to obtain the normalized weight of the scale grade of geological disasters, among which, small disasters, medium disasters, large disasters and super large disasters The normalized weights for the four levels are 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1, respectively, as shown in Table 5.

Table 5 The scale and weight of geological disasters:

Disaster level Extra large large medium small grade points 4 3 2 1 normalized weights 1 0.75 0.5 0.25

Step 3: Calculate the spatial proximity of each geographic interest point and the geological disaster point within the disaster impact range according to formula (1); spatial proximity refers to the degree of similarity between two objects in geographical space. big. It is defined that when the distance between the geographical interest point and the disaster point is 0, the spatial proximity is 1, and when the geographical interest point is outside the influence range of the disaster point, the spatial proximity is 0.

In the formula, Pij is the spatial proximity between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point, and dij is the spatial straight-line distance between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point (unit: km);

Step 4: Calculate the product sum of the spatial proximity factors of the geographical interest point and the disaster point, the importance factor of the geographical interest point, and the geological disaster grade factor according to the formula (2) to obtain the risk of the geological disaster point, and classify it to complete the geological disaster point. Risk assessment and classification of geographic points of interest; use GIS spatial statistics function to count all geographic points of interest and spatial distances within the affected area of geological disaster points, then calculate the corresponding spatial proximity according to step 3, and finally calculate all affected points The product sum of the normalized weight of the importance of geographical interest points, the normalized weight of the scale level of geological disasters, and the spatial proximity of , obtains the risk of geological disaster points, as shown in Figure 2.

Among them, Si is the disaster level of the i-th disaster point, and I is the importance degree of the j-th geographical interest point.

Claims (7)

1. A method for evaluating the risk of geological disasters on geographical interest points in a grading manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: classifying the types of the geographic interest points, and grading the importance of the geographic interest points;

the method comprises the following steps of (1) classifying the importance classification level of geographic interest points into 4 grades according to the importance classification evaluation indexes of the geographic interest points, wherein the geographic interest points of automobile service, daily service, cultural entertainment and natural geography are I grades, the geographic interest points of religion facilities, welfare agencies, restaurants, hotels, shopping and finance are II grades, the geographic interest points of administrative agencies, education training and enterprises and public institutions are III grades, the geographic interest points of medical health, humanistic geography, media and communication and emergency geography are IV grades, and the higher the grade is, the more important the geographic interest points are represented; each grade corresponds to a grade, and the normalization weight of the corresponding grade is obtained through normalization processing;

step two: selecting a geological disaster grading evaluation index, and grading the grade of the geological disaster;

determining graded evaluation indexes which are collapse volume, landslide volume, debris flow accumulation volume, ground collapse influence range, ground crack influence range and ground settlement and settlement area according to the disaster type; dividing each grading evaluation index into four grades of small-scale disaster, medium-scale disaster, large-scale disaster and super-large-scale disaster, wherein the higher the grade is, the more serious the disaster degree is; each grade corresponds to a grade, and the normalization weight of the corresponding grade is obtained through normalization processing;

step three: calculating the spatial proximity of each geographical interest point and the geological disaster point within the disaster influence range according to the formula (1);

in the formula, Pij is the spatial proximity of the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point, and dij is the spatial linear distance between the ith disaster point and the jth geographic interest point;

step four: calculating the product of spatial proximity factors of the geographical interest points and the disaster points, importance factors of the geographical interest points and geological disaster grade factors according to a formula (2) to obtain the dangers of the geological disaster points, grading the dangers, and finishing the evaluation grading of the dangers of the geological disaster points on the geographical interest points;

wherein Si is the disaster grade of the ith disaster point, and I is the importance degree of the jth geographic interest point.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the index for graded evaluation of importance of geographic interest points includes social factors, economic factors and demographic factors.

3. The method for graded evaluation of the risk of the geological disaster on the geographical point of interest according to the claim 2, wherein in the second step, the collapse volume comprises the volume of dangerous rock mass.

4. The method for assessing the risk of a geological disaster on a geographical point of interest according to claim 3, wherein in the second step, the grade of the collapse disaster is determined by the following criteria:

collapse volume less than 1 × 10⁴m³For small disaster, the collapse volume is 1 × 10⁴And less than 10 x 10⁴m³For medium-sized disasters, the collapse volume is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 10⁴And is 100 x 10 or less⁴m³For large-scale disasters, the collapse volume is more than 100 multiplied by 10⁴m³Is very bigType disasters;

grade grading standards of landslide disasters are as follows: the landslide volume is less than 10 multiplied by 10⁴m³For small disasters, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 10 multiplied by 10⁴And less than 100 x 10⁴m³For medium disaster, the landslide volume is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10⁴And is not more than 1000X 10⁴m³For large disasters, the landslide volume is more than 1000 multiplied by 10⁴m³Is an oversize disaster;

the grading standard of the debris flow disasters is as follows: the volume of the deposit is less than 2 x 10⁴m³For small disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10⁴And less than 20X 10⁴m³For medium disaster, the volume of the deposit is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 10⁴And is not more than 50X 10⁴m³For large disasters, the volume of the deposit is more than 50 multiplied by 10⁴m³Is an oversize disaster;

the grade grading standard of the ground collapse disaster is as follows: collapse influence range is less than 1Km²For small-sized disasters, the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 1 and less than 10Km²For medium-sized disasters, the collapse influence range is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 20Km²For large-scale disasters, the collapse influence range is more than 20Km²Is an oversize disaster;

the grade grading standard of the ground crack disaster is as follows: the influence range of ground cracks is less than 1Km²For small disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than or equal to 1 and less than 5Km²For medium-sized disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10Km²For large-scale disasters, the influence range of ground cracks is more than 10Km²Is an oversize disaster;

the grade grading standard of the ground settlement disaster is as follows: the ground settlement area is less than 10Km²For small disasters, the ground settlement area is more than or equal to 10 and less than 100Km²For medium-sized disasters, the ground settlement area is more than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 500Km²For large-scale disasters, the ground settlement area is more than 500Km²Is an oversize disaster.

5. The method for graded evaluation of the risk of the geological disaster on the geographical interest point according to the claim 4, wherein in the second step, the grades of the four grades of the small disaster, the medium disaster, the large disaster and the oversize disaster are respectively 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the normalized weights of the four grades of the small disaster, the medium disaster, the large disaster and the oversize disaster are respectively 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step three, when the distance between the geographic interest point and the disaster point is 0, the spatial proximity is defined as 1, and when the geographic interest point is out of the influence range of the disaster point, the spatial proximity is defined as 0.

7. The method for graded evaluation of the risk of the geological disaster on the geographical interest points according to the claim 6, wherein in the process of calculating the risk of the geological disaster points in the fourth step, all geographical interest points and spatial distances within the influence range of the geological disaster points are counted, the corresponding spatial proximity is calculated, and finally, the product of the geographical interest point importance normalization weight, the geological disaster scale normalization weight and the spatial proximity of all the influenced points is calculated.

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