CN111896894A - 一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置 - Google Patents

一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置 Download PDF

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CN111896894A
CN111896894A CN202010681382.4A CN202010681382A CN111896894A CN 111896894 A CN111896894 A CN 111896894A CN 202010681382 A CN202010681382 A CN 202010681382A CN 111896894 A CN111896894 A CN 111896894A
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白清
刘昕
白亮
张红娟
高妍
王宇
靳宝全
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,包括宽带激光器、3*3光纤耦合器、2*1光纤耦合器、第一传感光纤、延迟光纤、第一1*2光纤耦合器、第一数据采集卡、平衡光电探测器、扫描激光器、光隔离器、第二1*2光纤耦合器、光纤开关、第一光纤光栅、第二光纤光栅、第二数据采集卡、第一光电探测器、窄线宽激光器、偏振控制器、AOM声光调制器、掺铒光纤放大器、滤波器、第二传感光纤、环形器、信号发生器、计算机、第三数据采集卡、第二光电探测器和三相变压器。本发明基于光纤传感系统,通过Sagnac原理,光纤光栅和相位OTDR原理,实现对三相变压器绕组的声音、温度、形变和振动的实时监测,为变压器工作状态的评估提供依据。

Description

一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置
技术领域
本发明涉及电力检测技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置。
背景技术
电网中常见的变压器在工作时绕组有温度较高、机械振动和发出噪声等特点。变压器的绕组在工作时受到电磁力,其中内圈绕组主要受到向绕组圆心的收缩力,外圈绕组主要受到背离绕组圆心的扩张力。当变压器发生短路故障后,绕组中产生瞬间增大的短路电流,导致绕组所受电磁力增大,可能导致变压器绕组发生扭曲变形,进一步破坏变压器结构,并可能使绝缘破坏。变压器发生短路故障时,绕组温度和声音也有明显变化。
发明内容
本发明提供一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,其基于光纤传感系统,通过Sagnac原理,光纤光栅和相位OTDR原理,实现对三相变压器绕组的声音、温度、形变和振动的实时监测,为变压器工作状态的评估提供依据。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:构造一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,包括:宽带激光器、3*3光纤耦合器、2*1光纤耦合器、第一传感光纤、延迟光纤、第一1*2光纤耦合器、第一数据采集卡、平衡光电探测器、扫描激光器、光隔离器、第二1*2光纤耦合器、光纤开关、第一光纤光栅、第二光纤光栅、第二数据采集卡、第一光电探测器、窄线宽激光器、偏振控制器、声光调制器、掺铒光纤放大器、滤波器、第二传感光纤、环形器、信号发生器、计算机、第三数据采集卡、第二光电探测器和三相变压器;
其中,宽带激光器的输出端连接到3*3光纤耦合器的A端口,3*3光纤耦合器的C端口与2*1光纤耦合器的E端口相连,3*3光纤耦合器的D端口经过延迟光纤后与2*1光纤耦合器的F端口相连,第一传感光纤的首端与2*1光纤耦合器的G端口相连,末端与第一1*2光纤耦合器的端口H相连,中间布设在三相变压器中,第一1*2光纤耦合器的I、J端口连接在一起,形成干涉光路,3*3光纤耦合器的B端口连接到平衡光电探测器的输入端,平衡光电探测器的输出端连接到第一数据采集卡的输入端,第一数据采集卡的输出端连接到计算机;扫描激光器输出端连接光隔离器一端,光隔离器另一端与第二1*2光纤耦合器的K端口相连,第二1*2光纤耦合器的L端口与光纤开关的输入端相连,光纤开关的两个输出端分别连接第一光纤光栅和第二光纤光栅,第一光纤光栅和第二光纤光栅布设在三相变压器中,第二1*2光纤耦合器的M端口连接到第一光电探测器的输入端,第一光电探测器的输出端连接到第二数据采集卡的输入端,第二数据采集卡的输出端连接到计算机;窄线宽激光器的输出端通过偏振控制器连接声光调制器,信号发生器连接于声光调制器和第三数据采集卡之间,掺铒光纤放大器的输入端连接到声光调制器,输出端连接到滤波器,滤波器的输出端与环形器的N端口相连,环形器的O端口与第二传感光纤相连,第二传感光纤布设在三相变压器中,环形器的P端口与第二光电探测器的输入端相连,第二光电探测器的输出端连接到第三数据采集卡的输入端,第三数据采集卡的输出端连接到计算机。
其中,第一传感光纤、第一光纤光栅、第二光纤光栅和第二传感光纤均采用缠绕方式垂直安装在三相变压器内部的三相绕组上。
其中,扫描激光器通过计算机对其输出激光的起始、终止频率以及频率步进值的大小进行设置。
其中,光纤开关通过计算机对其通路选择进行控制。
其中,第二数据采集卡通过计算机对其采样率、采样点数和触发模式进行设置,可通过扫描激光器对其进行触发。
其中,第一光纤光栅、第二光纤光栅在传感光纤上封装了多个布拉格光栅传感器。
区别于现有技术,本发明提供了一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,包括宽带激光器、3*3光纤耦合器、2*1光纤耦合器、第一传感光纤、延迟光纤、第一1*2光纤耦合器、第一数据采集卡、平衡光电探测器、扫描激光器、光隔离器、第二1*2光纤耦合器、光纤开关、第一光纤光栅、第二光纤光栅、第二数据采集卡、第一光电探测器、窄线宽激光器、偏振控制器、声光调制器、掺铒光纤放大器、滤波器、第二传感光纤、环形器、信号发生器、计算机、第三数据采集卡、第二光电探测器和三相变压器。本发明基于光纤传感系统,通过Sagnac原理,光纤光栅和相位OTDR原理,实现对三相变压器绕组的声音、温度、形变和振动的实时监测,为变压器工作状态的评估提供依据。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,附图中:
图1是本发明提供的一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置的结构示意图。
图2是本发明提供的一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置中变压器绕组嵌入式光纤装置的结构示意图。
图3是本发明提供的一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置中变压器单相绕组的结构示意图。
其中,1-宽带激光器,2-3*3光纤耦合器,3-2*1光纤耦合器,4-第一传感光纤,5-延迟光纤,6-第一1*2光纤耦合器,7-第一数据采集卡,8-平衡光电探测器,9-扫描激光器,10-光隔离器,11-第二1*2光纤耦合器,12-光纤开关,13-第一光纤光栅,14-第二光纤光栅,15-第二数据采集卡,16-第一光电探测器,17-窄线宽激光器,18-偏振控制器,19-声光调制器,20-掺铒光纤放大器,21-滤波器,22-第二传感光纤,23-环形器,24-信号发生器,25-计算机,26-第三数据采集卡,27-第二光电探测器,28-三相变压器,29-铁芯,30-A相绕组,31-B相绕组,32-C相绕组,33-高压线圈,34-低压线圈,35-撑条。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
参阅图1,本发明提供了一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,包括:宽带激光器1、3*3光纤耦合器2、2*1光纤耦合器3、第一传感光纤4、延迟光纤5、第一1*2光纤耦合器6、第一数据采集卡7、平衡光电探测器8、扫描激光器9、光隔离器10、第二1*2光纤耦合器11、光纤开关12、第一光纤光栅13、第二光纤光栅14、第二数据采集卡15、第一光电探测器16、窄线宽激光器17、偏振控制器18、声光调制器19、掺铒光纤放大器20、滤波器21、第二传感光纤22、环形器23、信号发生器24、计算机25、第三数据采集卡26、第二光电探测器27和三相变压器28;
其中,宽带激光器1的输出端连接到3*3光纤耦合器2的A端口,3*3光纤耦合器2的C端口与2*1光纤耦合器3的E端口相连,3*3光纤耦合器2的D端口经过延迟光纤5后与2*1光纤耦合器3的F端口相连,第一传感光纤4的首端与2*1光纤耦合器3的G端口相连,末端与第一1*2光纤耦合器6的端口H相连,中间布设在三相变压器28中,第一1*2光纤耦合器6的I、J端口连接在一起,形成干涉光路,3*3光纤耦合器2的B端口连接到平衡光电探测器8的输入端,平衡光电探测器8的输出端连接到第一数据采集卡7的输入端,第一数据采集卡7的输出端连接到计算机25;
宽带激光器1发出的激光在光路中传播,其中光路1-2-5-3-4-6-4-3-2-1与光路1-2-3-4-6-4-3-5-2-1有且只有一次经过延迟光纤,光程相等,可在3*3光纤耦合器2形成干涉;两束干涉光都两次经过第一传感光纤4,因此均被第一传感光纤4的外界声波振动信号调制。通过平衡光电探测器8将干涉光信号转换为模拟电信号;并通过第一数据采集卡7将模拟电信号采集为数字信号传输至计算机25。变压器绕组发出声波时,会改变两束相干光的相位差,从而体现为光强的变化,通过对平衡探测器检测到的时域信号进行频域分析,可确定声波振动的位置和强度,从而实现对声音的解调。
扫描激光器9输出端连接光隔离器10一端,光隔离器10另一端与第二1*2光纤耦合器11的K端口相连,第二1*2光纤耦合器11的L端口与光纤开关12的输入端相连,光纤开关12的两个输出端分别连接第一光纤光栅13和第二光纤光栅14,第一光纤光栅13和第二光纤光栅14布设在三相变压器28中,第二1*2光纤耦合器11的M端口连接到第一光电探测器16的输入端,第一光电探测器16的输出端连接到第二数据采集卡15的输入端,第二数据采集卡15的输出端连接到计算机25;
扫描激光器9输出的激光先经光隔离器10进入第二1*2光纤耦合器11,从L端口传输至光纤开关12,经过光纤开关12的选择传输到第一光纤光栅13或第二光纤光栅14;从光纤光栅中反射回来的光谱携带测量信息,返回至第二1*2光纤耦合器11,从M口传递给第一光电探测器16,由第二数据采集卡15将激光器的触发信号和光电探测器转换之后的反射谱信息传至计算机25进行软件处理解调,进而可得测量的温度和形变参数变化情况。其中第一光纤光栅13用于测量温度,第二光纤光栅14用于测量形变。
窄线宽激光器17的输出端通过偏振控制器18连接声光调制器19,信号发生器24连接于声光调制器19和第三数据采集卡26之间,掺铒光纤放大器20的输入端连接到声光调制器19,输出端连接到滤波器21,滤波器21的输出端与环形器23的N端口相连,环形器23的O端口与第二传感光纤22相连,第二传感光纤22布设在三相变压器28中,环形器23的P端口与第二光电探测器27的输入端相连,第二光电探测器27的输出端连接到第三数据采集卡26的输入端,第三数据采集卡26的输出端连接到计算机25。
窄线宽激光器17发出的激光,经过偏振控制器18后形成偏振光。信号发生器24控制声光调制器19对偏振光进行调制。调制后的偏振光经过掺铒光纤放大器20的放大和滤波器21的滤波后输入环形器23的N端口,然后从环形器23的O端口送入第二传感光纤22中。光在第二传感光纤22中传输时受到环境振动信号的影响。携带有振动信息的后向散射光经过环形器23,从P端口传入第二光电探测器27中,转换为模拟电信号,然后被第三数据采集卡26采集为数字信号。其中第三数据采集卡26被信号发生器24触发。最后第三数据采集卡26将采集到的数字信号传输给计算机25处理,解调出第二传感光纤22布设区域的振动信号。
其中,第一传感光纤4、第一光纤光栅13、第二光纤光栅14和第二传感光纤22均采用缠绕方式垂直安装在三相变压器28内部的三相绕组上。
其中,扫描激光器9通过计算机25对其输出激光的起始、终止频率以及频率步进值的大小进行设置。
其中,光纤开关12通过计算机25对其通路选择进行控制。
其中,第二数据采集卡15通过计算机25对其采样率、采样点数和触发模式进行设置,可通过扫描激光器9对其进行触发。
其中,第一光纤光栅13、第二光纤光栅14在传感光纤上封装了多个布拉格光栅传感器。
如图2和图3所示,第一光纤光栅13,第二光纤光栅14,第一传感光纤4,第二传感光纤22采用缠绕方式垂直布设于三相变压器28内部的三相绕组30、31和32上,三相绕组套置在铁芯29上,每相绕组均布设有上述两条光纤光栅和两条传感光纤,并且三相绕组上的同一标号光纤串联在一起。图2和图3分别是第一光纤光栅13,第二光纤光栅14,第一传感光纤4,第二传感光纤22设置的正面示意图和俯视图。
区别于现有技术,本发明提供了一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,包括宽带激光器、3*3光纤耦合器、2*1光纤耦合器、第一传感光纤、延迟光纤、第一1*2光纤耦合器、第一数据采集卡、平衡光电探测器、扫描激光器、光隔离器、第二1*2光纤耦合器、光纤开关、第一光纤光栅、第二光纤光栅、第二数据采集卡、第一光电探测器、窄线宽激光器、偏振控制器、声光调制器、掺铒光纤放大器、滤波器、第二传感光纤、环形器、信号发生器、计算机、第三数据采集卡、第二光电探测器和三相变压器。本发明基于光纤传感系统,通过Sagnac原理,光纤光栅和相位OTDR原理,实现对三相变压器绕组的声音、温度、形变和振动的实时监测,为变压器工作状态的评估提供依据。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可做出很多形式,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,其特征在于,包括:宽带激光器(1)、3*3光纤耦合器(2)、2*1光纤耦合器(3)、第一传感光纤(4)、延迟光纤(5)、第一1*2光纤耦合器(6)、第一数据采集卡(7)、平衡光电探测器(8)、扫描激光器(9)、光隔离器(10)、第二1*2光纤耦合器(11)、光纤开关(12)、第一光纤光栅(13)、第二光纤光栅(14)、第二数据采集卡(15)、第一光电探测器(16)、窄线宽激光器(17)、偏振控制器(18)、声光调制器(19)、掺铒光纤放大器(20)、滤波器(21)、第二传感光纤(22)、环形器(23)、信号发生器(24)、计算机(25)、第三数据采集卡(26)、第二光电探测器(27)和三相变压器(28);
其中,宽带激光器(1)的输出端连接到3*3光纤耦合器(2)的A端口,3*3光纤耦合器(2)的C端口与2*1光纤耦合器(3)的E端口相连,3*3光纤耦合器(2)的D端口经过延迟光纤(5)后与2*1光纤耦合器(3)的F端口相连,第一传感光纤(4)的首端与2*1光纤耦合器(3)的G端口相连,末端与第一1*2光纤耦合器(6)的端口H相连,中间布设在三相变压器(28)中,第一1*2光纤耦合器(6)的I、J端口连接在一起,形成干涉光路,3*3光纤耦合器(2)的B端口连接到平衡光电探测器(8)的输入端,平衡光电探测器(8)的输出端连接到第一数据采集卡(7)的输入端,第一数据采集卡(7)的输出端连接到计算机(25);扫描激光器(9)输出端连接光隔离器(10)一端,光隔离器(10)另一端与第二1*2光纤耦合器(11)的K端口相连,第二1*2光纤耦合器(11)的L端口与光纤开关(12)的输入端相连,光纤开关(12)的两个输出端分别连接第一光纤光栅(13)和第二光纤光栅(14),第一光纤光栅(13)和第二光纤光栅(14)布设在三相变压器(28)中,第二1*2光纤耦合器(11)的M端口连接到第一光电探测器(16)的输入端,第一光电探测器(16)的输出端连接到第二数据采集卡(15)的输入端,第二数据采集卡(15)的输出端连接到计算机(25);窄线宽激光器(17)的输出端通过偏振控制器(18)连接声光调制器(19),信号发生器(24)连接于声光调制器(19)和第三数据采集卡(26)之间,掺铒光纤放大器(20)的输入端连接到声光调制器(19),输出端连接到滤波器(21),滤波器(21)的输出端与环形器(23)的N端口相连,环形器(23)的O端口与第二传感光纤(22)相连,第二传感光纤(22)布设在三相变压器(28)中,环形器(23)的P端口与第二光电探测器(27)的输入端相连,第二光电探测器(27)的输出端连接到第三数据采集卡(26)的输入端,第三数据采集卡(26)的输出端连接到计算机(25)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,其特征在于:第一传感光纤(4)、第一光纤光栅(13)、第二光纤光栅(14)和第二传感光纤(22)均采用缠绕方式垂直安装在三相变压器(28)内部的三相绕组上。
3.权利要求1所述的一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,其特征在于:扫描激光器(9)通过计算机(25)对其输出激光的起始、终止频率以及频率步进值的大小进行设置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,其特征在于:光纤开关(12)通过计算机(25)对其通路选择进行控制。
5.权利要求1所述的一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,其特征在于:第二数据采集卡(15)通过计算机(25)对其采样率、采样点数和触发模式进行设置,可通过扫描激光器(9)对其进行触发。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种变压器绕组的嵌入式光纤检测装置,其特征在于:第一光纤光栅(13)、第二光纤光栅(14)在传感光纤上封装了多个布拉格光栅传感器。
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