CN111896770A - Processing circuit suitable for measuring flow velocity based on differential pressure principle - Google Patents
Processing circuit suitable for measuring flow velocity based on differential pressure principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111896770A CN111896770A CN202010686864.9A CN202010686864A CN111896770A CN 111896770 A CN111896770 A CN 111896770A CN 202010686864 A CN202010686864 A CN 202010686864A CN 111896770 A CN111896770 A CN 111896770A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/14—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing circuit suitable for measuring flow velocity by a pressure difference principle, which comprises: the system comprises a differential pressure sensor, a sampling circuit and a main control circuit; wherein, differential pressure sensor includes: the sensor comprises a first-range differential pressure sensor core body and a second-range differential pressure sensor core body; the core body of the first-range differential pressure sensor and the core body of the second-range differential pressure sensor are connected with the sampling circuit; the sampling circuit is connected with the main control circuit, and is used for respectively carrying out acquisition, amplification, conversion and other processing on signals of the two paths of differential pressure sensors in the first range and the second range, matching with a speed fusion algorithm to obtain speed information, and sending the speed information to a user through the communication interface circuit, so that the problems of low resolution, poor precision, unstable zero position and the like existing in the design of single-channel and single-differential pressure sensors are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flow velocity measurement based on a differential pressure principle, in particular to a processing circuit suitable for measuring flow velocity based on the differential pressure principle.
Background
The differential pressure principle flow velocity measuring device such as differential pressure log and differential pressure flowmeter is widely used for measuring velocity of ships and submarines and measuring flow of pipelines and channels. The existing related equipment adopts a single differential pressure sensor design, differential pressure signals are obtained and then processed through software, speed information is calculated, and then speed is integrated to obtain information such as voyage, flow and the like. In order to measure high-flow-rate fluid, a large-range differential pressure sensor needs to be selected, but the large-range differential pressure sensor has the problems of low resolution, poor precision, unstable zero position and the like under the condition of measuring low speed.
Therefore, how to provide a processing circuit with higher precision and suitable for measuring the flow rate by the differential pressure principle is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a processing circuit suitable for measuring flow velocity by a differential pressure principle, and the processing circuit has the characteristics of low power consumption, high precision, strong real-time performance and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a processing circuit adapted to measure flow rate using differential pressure principles, comprising: the system comprises a differential pressure sensor, a sampling circuit and a main control circuit;
wherein the differential pressure sensor includes: the sensor comprises a first-range differential pressure sensor core body and a second-range differential pressure sensor core body;
the first measuring range differential pressure sensor core body and the second measuring range differential pressure sensor core body are connected with the sampling circuit; the sampling circuit is connected with the main control circuit.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and the communication interface circuit is connected with the main control circuit.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and the power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first-range differential pressure sensor core body, the second-range differential pressure sensor core body, the sampling circuit, the main control circuit and the communication interface circuit.
Preferably, the power supply circuit includes: a direct current 24V power supply, a first DC/DC module N1, a second DC/DC module N3 and a third DC/DC module N4;
a direct current 24V power supply is connected with the first DC/DC module N4, and direct current 24V generates direct current 5V through the first DC/DC module N4;
the first DC/DC module N4 is connected to the second DC/DC module N3 and the third DC/DC module N1, respectively, and DC 5V generates 2.5V DC power through the second DC/DC module N3 and 3.3V power through the third DC/DC module N4;
the direct current 5V supplies power to the sampling circuit, the direct current 3.3V supplies power to the main control circuit and the communication interface circuit, and the direct current 2.5V supplies reference voltage to the sampling circuit.
Preferably, the sampling circuit is connected with the main control circuit through an SPI interface.
Preferably, the main control circuit is connected with the communication interface circuit through an RS232 serial port.
Preferably, the communication interface circuit communicates with an external device through an RS422 serial port.
Preferably, the main control circuit includes: STM32 microprocessor.
Preferably, the sampling circuit includes: AD7192 chip.
Preferably, the master control circuit respectively performs AD conversion on the standard signals of the first range sensor core and the second range sensor core, converts the standard signals into voltage digital signals, compares the voltage digital signals with internal reference voltage, and resolves the voltage digital signals into two sets of speed information, compares and judges the speed of the first range sensor core, and directly outputs the speed information of the first range sensor core if the speed is greater than a first segment value; if the speed is smaller than the second section value, outputting the speed information of the core body of the second range sensor; and if the speed is between a first segmentation value and a second segmentation value, fusing the two sets of speed information and outputting the fused speed information, wherein the first segmentation value is larger than the second segmentation value.
The voltage value of the voltage digital signal is in a certain proportional relation with the speed. The speed can be obtained by knowing the magnitude of the voltage digital signal without changing the reference voltage.
Adaptive weighted average algorithm uses the velocity V of two sensors1And V2Weighting in proportion and outputting to obtain the final speed V ═ a × V1+b*V2A and b are proportionality coefficients which vary with V1And V2The size of the device is determined according to the external installation environment and the use requirement.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the processing circuit suitable for measuring the flow velocity by the differential pressure principle is provided, the dual-channel, high-precision and zero-delay signal acquisition circuit design is adopted, the signals of the two paths of differential pressure sensors in the first range and the second range are respectively acquired, amplified, converted and the like, the speed information is obtained by matching with a speed fusion algorithm and is sent to a user through a communication interface circuit, the problems of low resolution, poor precision, unstable zero position and the like existing in the single-channel and single-differential pressure sensor design are solved, and the high-precision stable measurement of the flow and the full-range flow velocity of relevant equipment is realized; the high-precision speed fusion algorithm adopts a segmented transition fusion mode, and can effectively avoid speed jump caused by direct fusion output of the speed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a processing circuit for measuring flow rate according to the differential pressure principle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a speed fusion algorithm provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a master control circuit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a communication interface circuit provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sampling circuit provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a processing circuit for measuring a flow rate based on a differential pressure principle, including: the system comprises a differential pressure sensor, a sampling circuit and a main control circuit;
wherein, differential pressure sensor includes: the sensor comprises a first-range differential pressure sensor core body and a second-range differential pressure sensor core body; the differential pressure sensor comprises a high-range specification and a low-range specification, pressure difference generated by high flow velocity and low flow velocity is measured respectively, micro-pressure sensitivity is effectively improved, and the problems of zero drift, low-speed precision difference and the like caused by full-range speed measurement of the single differential pressure sensor are solved by matching with a high-precision speed fusion algorithm embedded in a main control circuit.
The core body of the first-range differential pressure sensor and the core body of the second-range differential pressure sensor are connected with the sampling circuit; the sampling circuit is connected with the main control circuit.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the method further comprises: and the communication interface circuit is connected with the main control circuit.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the method further comprises: and the power circuit is respectively connected with the core body of the first-range differential pressure sensor, the core body of the second-range differential pressure sensor, the sampling circuit, the main control circuit and the communication interface circuit.
Referring to fig. 1, the power circuit generates 3.3V, 5V, and 24V power supplies respectively for each circuit and the differential pressure sensor; a first-range differential pressure sensor core body and a second-range differential pressure sensor core body are integrated in the differential pressure sensor, namely a high-range differential pressure sensor core body and a low-range differential pressure sensor core body are integrated, the differential pressure sensor can sense the pressure change of the external environment, and the differential pressure is converted into a 4-20 mA standard signal to be sent to a sampling circuit for processing; the sampling circuit converts the acquired 4-20 mA standard signal into a voltage digital signal and sends the voltage digital signal to the main control circuit for processing through the SPI interface; the main control circuit resolves the digital signal sent by the sampling circuit to obtain speed information, and sends the speed information to the communication interface circuit through an RS422 serial port; the communication interface circuit adopts an RS422 serial port to communicate with an external user, and information interaction between the main control circuit and the external user is realized.
Referring to fig. 2, after initialization, respectively performing AD conversion on 4-20 mA standard signals of the high-range sensor core and the low-range sensor core to convert the signals into voltage digital signals, comparing the voltage digital signals with internal reference voltage, and finally calculating into two groups of speed information, wherein the two groups of speed information respectively correspond to the high-range sensor core and the low-range sensor core; comparing and judging the core body speed of the high-range sensor, and if the speed is greater than a first segment value, such as 6kn, directly outputting the speed information; if the speed is less than the second segment value, for example 5kn, outputting the core body speed information of the low-range sensor; if the speed is between the first segment value and the second segment value, for example: and 5-6 kn, fusing the two groups of speed information and outputting the fused speed information. The fusion algorithm can effectively avoid speed jump caused by direct fusion output of the speed, and the speed fusion segmentation value (5-6 kn) can be adaptively adjusted according to actual conditions.
Fig. 3 shows a specific implementation method of the power circuit. The power supply circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises three DC/DC modules N1, N3 and N4. The direct current 24V power supply generates direct current 5V through a DC/DC module N4, and the direct current 5V generates direct current 3.3V and 2.5V power supplies through N1 and N3. The direct current 5V power supply supplies power to the sampling circuit, the direct current 3.3V power supply supplies power to the main control circuit and the communication interface circuit, and the direct current 2.5V power supply supplies reference voltage to the sampling circuit. The diode V3 is connected with a 24V power supply and the 14 pins of the N4 to play a role in protection, and the anode and the cathode of the power supply are prevented from being connected reversely. The capacitors C2, C3, C21, C22, C23, C24 and C30 all play a role in filtering.
The main control circuit is based on an STM32 microprocessor, the microprocessor has rich internal resources, fewer peripheral devices, more flexibility in circuit control, low power consumption and high reliability. The chip embedded high-precision speed fusion algorithm has the characteristics of high-precision speed resolving capability, low power consumption, high precision, strong real-time performance and the like, and the implementation method thereof refers to FIG. 4; the method is characterized in that an STM32F103RCT6 microprocessor U1 is selected and not limited, and a pin 1 of the microprocessor U1 is connected with a direct-current power supply of 3.3V through a one-way diode; pin 7 of U1 is grounded through capacitor C16; pin 12 of U1 is grounded; the pin 13 of U1 is connected with a DC power supply 3.3V through a resistor R6; capacitors C14 and C15 between the U1 pins 12 and 13 are filter capacitors; pin 18 of U1 is grounded; a pin 19 of U1 is connected with a direct current power supply of 3.3V and then grounded through a capacitor C17; pins 21, 22 and 23 of the U1 are connected with pins 3, 23 and 24 of the N2 chip in the sampling point circuit; pin 28 of U1 is grounded through resistor R7; pin 31 of U1 is grounded; a pin 32 of U1 is connected with a direct current power supply of 3.3V and then grounded through a capacitor C18; the pin 41 of the U1 is connected with a light emitting diode V2 through a resistor R8 and then grounded, and the light emitting diode indicates whether the U1 works normally or not and judges the normal running of a program and the like; pin C47 of U1 is grounded; pins 42 and 43 of U1 are respectively connected with pins 6 and 3 of a chip D1 in the communication interface circuit; pin 60 of U1 is grounded through resistor R8; pin 63 of U1 is grounded; the pin C19 of U1 is connected with 3.3V DC power supply, and then grounded through the filter capacitor C19.
Communication interface circuit implementation method referring to fig. 5: the circuit adopts a serial port chip D1 to receive speed information from the main control circuit and send the speed information outwards. Wherein the D1 pins 3, 6 are connected to the D1 pins 43, 42 of the master control circuit, through which two pairs of pins communication takes place; pins 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the D1 are connected with an external user, so that bidirectional communication can be realized; pins 2 and 7 of D1 are connected to a DC 3.3V power supply to supply power to D1. The capacitors C25, C26, C27, C28, C29, C7, C8 and C9 are all filter capacitors.
The sampling circuit adopts an AD7192 sampling chip, a 24-bit sigma-delta type high-precision low-noise digital-to-analog converter is arranged in the sampling circuit, two paths of differential signals can be simultaneously acquired, the sampling circuit has a zero delay characteristic, the signal acquisition real-time performance is improved, and the implementation method thereof refers to FIG. 6: the model of an N2 chip in the sampling circuit is AD7192 but not limited to the model, pins 11 and 14 of N2 are respectively connected with a high-range differential pressure sensor and a low-range differential pressure sensor, the positions of the high-range differential pressure sensor and the low-range differential pressure sensor can be interchanged, and the current signals of the differential pressure sensors are collected; pins 3, 23 and 24 of the N2 chip are respectively connected with pins 21, 22 and 23 of a U1 in the main control circuit, and the collected current signals are converted into voltage signals by the N2 and then transmitted to the U1 in the main control circuit through the 3 pairs of pins for processing; pins 20 and 21 of N2 are respectively connected with DC 5V and 3.3V power supplies to supply power to N2; pin 15 of N2 is connected to dc 2.5V voltage to provide reference voltage for N2; the resistors R1 and R2 are high-precision low-temperature drift resistors and convert current signals of the differential pressure sensor into voltage signals. The capacitors C1, C4, C5 and C6 are filter capacitors.
The processing circuit suitable for measuring the flow velocity by the pressure difference principle provided by the invention respectively collects, amplifies, converts and the like signals of two paths of pressure difference sensors in the first range and the second range, works with a velocity fusion algorithm to calculate velocity information, and sends the velocity information to a user through a communication interface circuit, so that the problems of low resolution, poor precision, unstable zero position and the like existing in the design of a single-channel and single-pressure difference sensor are solved, and the high-precision stable measurement of the flow of related equipment and the full range of the flow velocity is realized; the high-precision speed fusion algorithm adopts a segmented transition fusion mode, and can effectively avoid speed jump caused by direct fusion output of the speed.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A processing circuit adapted to measure flow rate using differential pressure principles, comprising: the system comprises a differential pressure sensor, a sampling circuit and a main control circuit;
wherein the differential pressure sensor includes: the sensor comprises a first-range differential pressure sensor core body and a second-range differential pressure sensor core body;
the first measuring range differential pressure sensor core body and the second measuring range differential pressure sensor core body are connected with the sampling circuit; the sampling circuit is connected with the main control circuit.
2. The processing circuit for differential pressure principle flow rate measurement according to claim 1, further comprising: and the communication interface circuit is connected with the main control circuit.
3. The processing circuit for differential pressure principle flow rate measurement according to claim 2, further comprising: and the power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first-range differential pressure sensor core body, the second-range differential pressure sensor core body, the sampling circuit, the main control circuit and the communication interface circuit.
4. A processing circuit adapted to measure flow rate using differential pressure principles according to claim 3, wherein the power circuit comprises: a direct current 24V power supply, a first DC/DC module N1, a second DC/DC module N3 and a third DC/DC module N4;
a direct current 24V power supply is connected with the first DC/DC module N4, and direct current 24V generates direct current 5V through the first DC/DC module N4;
the first DC/DC module N4 is connected to the second DC/DC module N3 and the third DC/DC module N1, respectively, and DC 5V generates 2.5V DC power through the second DC/DC module N3 and 3.3V power through the third DC/DC module N4;
the direct current 5V supplies power to the sampling circuit, the direct current 3.3V supplies power to the main control circuit and the communication interface circuit, and the direct current 2.5V supplies reference voltage to the sampling circuit.
5. The processing circuit for measuring flow rate according to the differential pressure principle of claim 1, wherein the sampling circuit is connected to the main control circuit through an SPI interface.
6. The processing circuit for measuring flow rate according to the differential pressure principle of claim 5, wherein the main control circuit is connected with the communication interface circuit through an RS232 serial port.
7. The processing circuit for measuring flow rate according to the differential pressure principle of claim 6, wherein the communication interface circuit communicates with an external device through an RS422 serial port.
8. The processing circuit for differential pressure principle flow rate measurement according to claim 1, wherein the main control circuit comprises: STM32 microprocessor.
9. The processing circuit adapted to measure flow rate using differential pressure principle of claim 1, wherein the sampling circuit comprises: AD7192 chip.
10. The processing circuit suitable for measuring the flow rate based on the differential pressure principle of claim 1, wherein the main control circuit respectively performs AD conversion on the standard signals of the core body of the first range sensor and the core body of the second range sensor, converts the standard signals into voltage digital signals, compares the voltage digital signals with an internal reference voltage, resolves the voltage digital signals into two sets of speed information, compares and judges the speed of the core body of the first range sensor, and directly outputs the speed information of the core body of the first range sensor if the speed is greater than a first segment value; if the speed is smaller than the second section value, outputting the speed information of the core body of the second range sensor; and if the speed is between a first segmentation value and a second segmentation value, fusing two groups of speed information by adopting a self-adaptive weighted average algorithm and then outputting the fused speed information, wherein the first segmentation value is larger than the second segmentation value.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112556917A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-03-26 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Method for measuring pressure by using pressure measuring device |
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| CN110319891A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-11 | 上海五零盛同信息科技有限公司 | A kind of high-precision wide-range integrated differential pressure type flow meter |
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| CN112556917B (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-04-30 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Method for measuring pressure by using pressure measuring device |
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