CN111896171A - Knock sensor - Google Patents
Knock sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111896171A CN111896171A CN201910370254.5A CN201910370254A CN111896171A CN 111896171 A CN111896171 A CN 111896171A CN 201910370254 A CN201910370254 A CN 201910370254A CN 111896171 A CN111896171 A CN 111896171A
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- ring
- barrel
- knock sensor
- section
- flange
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
- G01L23/22—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
- G01L23/221—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines
- G01L23/222—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines using piezoelectric devices
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a knock sensor including: a body made of a metal material and including a cylindrical barrel having a central through hole and a flange extending radially outward at a lower end portion of the barrel, the barrel including a lower section close to the flange and an upper section remote from the flange; the electronic components at least comprise a lower insulating ring, a lower electrode ring, a piezoelectric element, an upper electrode ring, an upper insulating ring and a counterweight ring which are sequentially sleeved on the cylinder from bottom to top; and the shell is integrally formed on the surface of the body through a resin molding process and covers the plurality of electronic components. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a knock sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle internal combustion engines, in particular to a knock sensor using a piezoelectric element.
Background
Knocking is an abnormal combustion phenomenon occurring during operation of the internal combustion engine, which disadvantageously causes excessive temperature, increased fuel consumption, abnormal rotation speed, and the like of the internal combustion engine. Since the cylinder of the internal combustion engine generates vibration of different degrees when knocking occurs, the knocking intensity can be determined according to the vibration frequency change of the cylinder, so that the ignition advance angle and the like can be adjusted accordingly, and the occurrence of knocking and the possible harm caused by the knocking can be reduced.
The knock sensor is an electronic sensor for detecting a knocking phenomenon of the internal combustion engine. A common knock sensor includes a metal body fixed to a cylinder block and a piezoelectric element formed as one body. When knocking occurs, the vibration of the cylinder block is transmitted to the piezoelectric element through the sensor body, thereby outputting a corresponding electronic signal for operation control of the internal combustion engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a knock sensor including: a body made of a metal material and including a cylindrical barrel having a central through hole and a flange extending radially outward at a lower end portion of the barrel, the barrel including a lower section close to the flange and an upper section remote from the flange; the electronic components at least comprise a lower insulating ring, a lower electrode ring, a piezoelectric element, an upper electrode ring, an upper insulating ring and a counterweight ring which are sequentially sleeved on the cylinder from bottom to top; and the shell is integrally formed on the surface of the body through a resin molding process and covers the plurality of electronic components. In the knock sensor, an upper section of the cylinder has a larger diameter than a lower section; the counterweight ring has a fracture; the weight ring is aligned with both the upper section and the lower section of the barrel, the inner bore surface of the weight ring is in direct contact with the outer circumferential surface of the upper section of the barrel to form an electrical connection, and the radial gap between the inner bore surface of the weight ring and the lower section of the barrel is filled with a resin forming the housing.
In the knock sensor according to the present invention, the resin solution is filled into the cavity between the electronic component and the can via the break of the weight ring and forms an insulation portion, for example, during injection molding. The insulation can fill the entire radial cavity to provide effective insulation. In addition, the insulating part can be used as a fixing part to effectively fix the relative positions of the electronic components and the cylinder.
Preferably, the resin used to form the housing is polybutylene terephthalate.
Preferably, the piezoelectric element is a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic.
Preferably, the upper and lower insulating rings are made of glass fiber, and the sheet thickness thereof is 0.25 mm.
Preferably, the upper and lower electrode rings are made of CuZn37 with a platelet thickness of 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the plurality of electronic components further include a fixing nut that is screwed to the threaded section of the barrel and presses against the upper surface of the counterweight ring.
The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a knock sensor, including: forming a body of a metal material, the body including a cylindrical barrel having a central through hole and a flange extending radially outward at a lower end of the barrel, the barrel including a lower section adjacent the flange and an upper section remote from the flange; sleeving a plurality of electronic components on the barrel body in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the plurality of electronic components at least comprise a lower insulating ring, a lower electrode ring, a piezoelectric element, an upper electrode ring, an upper insulating ring and a counterweight ring; and integrally forming a shell on the outer surface of the body through a resin molding process, wherein the shell covers the plurality of electronic components. In the method, the upper section of the cylinder has a larger diameter than the lower section; the counterweight ring has a fracture; the weight ring is aligned with both the upper section and the lower section of the barrel, wherein an inner bore surface of the weight ring is in direct contact with an outer circumferential surface of the upper section of the barrel to form an electrical connection, and a radial gap between the inner bore surface of the weight ring and the lower section of the barrel is filled with a resin forming the housing.
Drawings
Further details and advantages of the invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary knock sensor in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the knock sensor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the knock sensor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a partial assembly of the knock sensor of FIG. 1 prior to a housing forming step;
fig. 5 is a test chart of insulation resistance values of knock sensors using different resin materials at different temperatures.
The drawings described above are for illustration and example only and are not necessarily to scale, nor are they intended to show all of the details of a particular use environment. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception and specific use of the disclosure may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", "radial", "axial", and the like may be used in the following description and all documents of the present application, unless otherwise specified, and are used for convenience of description only and are not intended to limit the inventive concepts in any way.
The knock sensor according to the present invention is a one-piece member as a whole, including a body as a support structure, a case integrally formed on a metal body by a resin molding process, and electronic components arranged on the body in a predetermined manner and integrally enclosed in the case. Referring to fig. 1, most of the knock sensor is covered by the housing, and only the upper section 13 of the barrel portion having the body at the top position can be seen, while the bottom surface of the flange having the body at the bottom is not covered by the housing. The centre of the knock sensor has a locating hole defined by a central through hole 15 of the body. The knock sensor may be fixed to the cylinder block surface of the internal combustion engine, for example, using bolts through the central through hole 15. At this time, the bottom surface of the knock sensor, that is, the bottom surface of the flange 11 of the metal body 10, is brought into electrical contact with the cylinder.
The internal structure of the knock sensor will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 2 to 4. As shown in fig. 2, the body 10 as a support structure of the knock sensor includes a cylindrical body 14 having a substantially cylindrical shape and a flange 11 extending radially outward at a lower end portion of the cylindrical body 14. The inside of the cylinder 14 is a central through hole 15, which is also a mounting hole of the knock sensor. The exterior of the barrel 14 comprises a lower section 12 proximal to the flange 14 and an upper section 13 distal to the flange 14, wherein the upper section 13 has a larger diameter than the lower section 12.
In the present application, the terms "close" and "far" are used to indicate the relative positional relationship between the flange, the lower section and the upper section in the axial direction of the body, without intending to define the absolute distance between any of the components. Meanwhile, the terms "upper" and "lower" in the directions of the orientations are based on the axial direction of the cylinder, and the side closer to the flange is lower and the side farther from the flange is upper.
The cylinder 14 may be provided with other sections in addition to the upper section 13 and the lower section 12, such as a threaded section above the upper section as shown in the figures. In addition to the threaded section, the outer peripheral surface of the flange 11 is also externally threaded, which facilitates the fixing of the housing 90 to the body 10 after moulding.
With reference to fig. 2, a plurality of electronic components are sleeved around the barrel 14 of the body 10, and the electronic components sequentially include, from bottom to top, a lower insulating ring 20, a lower electrode ring 30, a piezoelectric element 40, an upper electrode ring 50, an upper insulating ring 60, and a weight ring 70, and are fixed to the body by a nut 80 located at the uppermost layer. In use, the vibration of the internal combustion engine is transmitted to the weight ring 70 through the body 10, and the weight ring 70 applies a force to the piezoelectric element 40 under the acceleration to cause the piezoelectric element 40 to generate a voltage based on the piezoelectric effect, which is transmitted to the lead wire 100 through the upper electrode ring 50 and the lower electrode ring 30 disposed at both sides of the piezoelectric element 40 and is transmitted to the external control module.
Advantageously, the upper insulating ring 60 and the lower insulating ring 20 are preferably made of glass fibre, with a sheet thickness of approximately 0.25 mm. Further, the upper electrode ring 50 and the lower electrode ring 30 were made of CuZn37, and the sheet thickness thereof was 0.5 mm. The piezoelectric element 40 is preferably a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic. The expression "blade thickness" refers to the axial length of the element after it has been arranged in the barrel 14.
Referring next to fig. 3, the counterweight ring 70, after being placed on the body, aligns both the upper section 13 and the lower section 12 of the cylinder. In other words, the weight ring 701 is located at the boundary of the upper and lower segments, spanning both the upper and lower segments in the axial direction of the barrel. To this end, the inner bore surface of the weight ring 70 is in direct contact with the upper section 13 of the barrel to form an electrical connection, while a radial gap is formed between the inner bore surface of the weight ring 70 and the lower section 12 of the barrel. Since the diameter of the upper section 13 of the can is larger than that of the lower section 12, the diameters of the upper insulating ring 60, the upper electrode ring 50, the piezoelectric element 40, the lower electrode ring 30 and the lower insulating ring 20 which are arranged below the counterweight ring 70 are also larger than that of the lower section 12 of the can, and radial gaps are formed between the inner hole surfaces of the electronic components and the lower section 12, and the radial gaps jointly form an annular chamber which is opened to the outside by the fracture 71 of the counterweight ring 70.
Referring to fig. 4, after the electronic components are respectively arranged on the body and fixed by the nuts 80, the fracture 71 of the weight ring 70 communicates the external space with the annular chamber formed between the electronic components and the barrel. During the injection molding process, the resin solution will fill the cavity via the fracture 71, forming the insulation 91 between the electronic component and the barrel. The formation of the insulation portion effectively utilizes the injection molding process to fill the entire radial cavity. In addition to providing insulation between the electronic components, particularly the piezoelectric element, and the barrel, the insulating portion 91 can more effectively fix the relative positions between the electronic components and the barrel. In contrast, the prior art generally sheathes an insulating cylinder around the cylinder body to insulate the cylinder body and the electronic components from each other. In addition, the counterweight ring in the prior art is not provided with a fracture usually, or the counterweight ring is designed into a clamp spring, and the fracture is completely sealed by the outer surface of the cylinder body, so that resin can only be formed outside the electronic component in the injection molding process and cannot be injected into a radial gap between the electronic component and the cylinder body.
The resin used for the housing 90 is typically PA66GF30, as is known in the art. The resin cannot satisfy the requirement that the knock sensor requires an insulation value of more than 10 mega ohm at 175 ℃. The inventor discovers that the knock sensor can completely meet the long-term use in a wide temperature and humidity range and can also keep excellent electrical property after replacing the injection molding resin material with polybutylene terephthalate (PBT B4330G 6 HR), and the system requirement that the insulation value at 175 ℃ is more than 10 million euros can be completely met. The reason for this is probably because the insulating property of the resin material is mainly determined by the water absorption of the product, and when the saturated water content is more than 3%, the size and the electrical property of the product are affected. The PBT material has much lower water absorption than the PA material, so the PBT material has better insulating property when being used in a knock sensor.
Referring to fig. 5, there is shown a graph showing the change in insulation resistance between two electrodes of a knock sensor using three materials of PPS, PPA, and PBT, respectively, at different temperatures. It can be seen that the insulation resistance of the knock sensor using the PBT material has small change with temperature, especially the insulation resistance of the knock sensor still keeps close to 30 million euros at a high temperature of about 170 ℃, and the knock sensor has good insulation performance.
The method for manufacturing the knock sensor according to the present invention will be further described below, which mainly includes the steps of:
1) the body 10 is made of a metal material, the body 10 comprises a cylinder 14 which is cylindrical in whole and provided with a central through hole 15, and a flange 11 which extends outwards in the radial direction at the lower end of the cylinder, and the cylinder 14 consists of a lower section 12 close to the flange and an upper section 13 far away from the flange; the upper section 13 of the cylinder 14 has a larger diameter than the lower section 12; the counterweight ring 70 has a break 71;
2) sleeving a plurality of electronic components on the barrel 14 from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the plurality of electronic components at least comprise a lower insulating ring 20, a lower electrode ring 30, a piezoelectric element 40, an upper electrode ring 50, an upper insulating ring 60 and a counterweight ring 70; the counterweight ring 70 is simultaneously aligned with the upper section 13 and the lower section 12 of the cylinder; in other words, the weight ring 701 is located at the interface of the upper and lower segments and spans both the upper and lower segments in the axial direction of the barrel. The inner bore surfaces of the electronic components each form a gap with the lower section 12, which together form an annular chamber which opens out into the cutout 71 of the counterweight ring 70.
3) A case 90 integrally formed on an outer surface of the body 10 by a resin molding process, the case 90 covering the plurality of electronic components; also, the gap between the inner bore surface of the weight ring 70 and the lower section 12 of the barrel is filled with resin, and the inner bore surface of the weight ring 70 is in direct contact with the upper section 13 of the barrel to form an electrical connection.
The foregoing merely describes exemplary embodiments of the spirit and principles of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the described examples without departing from the principles and spirit thereof, and that such changes are contemplated by the inventors and are within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A knock sensor, comprising:
a body (10), the body (10) being made of a metal material and comprising a cylindrical barrel (14) having a central through hole (15) and a flange (11) extending radially outwards at a lower end of the barrel, the barrel (14) comprising a lower section (12) proximal to the flange (11) and an upper section (13) distal to the flange (14);
the electronic components at least comprise a lower insulating ring (20), a lower electrode ring (30), a piezoelectric element (40), an upper electrode ring (50), an upper insulating ring (60) and a counterweight ring (70) which are sequentially sleeved on the barrel (14) from bottom to top; and
a case (90) integrally formed on the surface of the body (10) by a resin molding process and covering the plurality of electronic components;
the method is characterized in that:
the diameter of the upper section (13) of the cylinder (14) is larger than that of the lower section (12);
the counterweight ring (70) has a break (71); and is
The weight ring (70) is simultaneously aligned with the upper section (13) and the lower section (12) of the barrel, wherein the inner bore surface of the weight ring (70) is in direct contact with the outer circumferential surface of the upper section (13) of the barrel to form an electrical connection, and the radial gap between the inner bore surface of the weight ring (70) and the lower section (12) of the barrel is filled with resin for forming the housing (90).
2. The knock sensor according to claim 1, wherein a resin used to form the housing (90) is polybutylene terephthalate.
3. The knock sensor according to claim 1, wherein said piezoelectric element (40) is a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic.
4. The knock sensor according to claim 1, wherein the upper insulating ring (60) and the lower insulating ring (20) are made of glass fiber, and a sheet thickness thereof is 0.25 mm.
5. The knock sensor of claim 1, wherein said upper electrode ring (50) and lower electrode ring (30) are made of CuZn37 having a platelet thickness of 0.5 mm.
6. The knock sensor according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of electronic components further include a fixing nut (80), the fixing nut (80) being screwed to the threaded section of the barrel (14) and pressing against an upper surface of the weight ring (70).
7. A method for manufacturing a knock sensor, comprising:
-making a body (10) from a metallic material, the body (10) comprising a cylindrical barrel (14) with a central through hole (15) and a flange (11) extending radially outwards at the lower end of the barrel, the barrel (14) comprising a lower section (12) close to the flange and an upper section (13) remote from the flange;
sleeving a plurality of electronic components on the barrel (14) from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the plurality of electronic components at least comprise a lower insulating ring (20), a lower electrode ring (30), a piezoelectric element (40), an upper electrode ring (50), an upper insulating ring (60) and a counterweight ring (70); and
integrally forming a case (90) on an outer surface of the body (10) by a resin molding process, the case (90) covering the plurality of electronic components;
the method is characterized in that:
the diameter of the upper section (13) of the cylinder (14) is larger than that of the lower section (12);
the counterweight ring (70) has a break (71); and is
The weight ring (70) is simultaneously aligned with the upper section (13) and the lower section (12) of the barrel, wherein the inner bore surface of the weight ring (70) is in direct contact with the outer circumferential surface of the upper section (13) of the barrel to form an electrical connection, and the radial gap between the inner bore surface of the weight ring (70) and the lower section (12) of the barrel is filled with resin forming the housing (90).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910370254.5A CN111896171A (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2019-05-06 | Knock sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910370254.5A CN111896171A (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2019-05-06 | Knock sensor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111896171A true CN111896171A (en) | 2020-11-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910370254.5A Pending CN111896171A (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2019-05-06 | Knock sensor |
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| CN (1) | CN111896171A (en) |
Citations (11)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6247351B1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2001-06-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vibration pickup with a pressure sleeve |
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| US20060065042A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-03-30 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Knock sensor |
| US20120324983A1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Non-resonant knocking sensor and method for producing the same |
| CN103328944A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2013-09-25 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Knocking sensor |
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| US20150204750A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-07-23 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Non-resonant knock sensor |
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-
2019
- 2019-05-06 CN CN201910370254.5A patent/CN111896171A/en active Pending
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