CN111892717A - Process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves - Google Patents
Process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves Download PDFInfo
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- 241000208688 Eucommia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000899 Gutta-Percha Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 240000000342 Palaquium gutta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229920000588 gutta-percha Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000208689 Eucommia ulmoides Species 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010013296 Sericins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000721662 Juniperus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000208686 Eucommiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003211 cis-1,4-polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gutta-percha extraction, and discloses a process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves. The eucommia bark branch and leaf picking machine has the advantages that the eucommia bark branch and leaf picking machine is used for cutting the picked eucommia bark branch and leaf, the subsequent mechanical processing can be facilitated, the eucommia bark branch and leaf can be more efficient when being crushed, the steps of manually separating the branch and leaf can be reduced after the eucommia bark branch and leaf is cut, the labor cost is saved, the eucommia bark branch and leaf coarse glue threads can be effectively separated through cutting, crushing and screening, the content of the eucommia bark branch and leaf coarse glue threads is improved in continuous rolling and screening, and finally, after cellulose removal treatment, sodium hydroxide impregnation is carried out, and the purpose of extracting eucommia bark glue by utilizing the eucommia bark branch and leaf can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gutta-percha extraction, in particular to a process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves.
Background
Eucommia ulmoides is a unique and precious economic tree species in China and is also an important collagen plant with the widest application range in the world. Eucommia ulmoides (known as Eucomia ulmoides Oliver), also known as Bakelite, is a plant of the family Eucommiaceae, with spherical crown, dark gray bark, flaky marrow on branches, and silver-white glue threads on broken parts of the tree. Is a rare nourishing medicinal material in China and is also a raw material for extracting gutta-percha. The leaves, barks and pericarps of eucommia ulmoides are all rich in a white filamentous substance, namely eucommia ulmoides gum. Besides wood, the leaves, roots, bark and seeds of eucommia ulmoides tree contain gutta percha. Gutta-percha is an excellent polymer material having rubber and plastic dual properties, and broadly, is classified into two types, natural gutta-percha and synthetic gutta-percha. The two are the same as the natural rubber produced in the hevea tree in chemical composition, but different in molecular structure, the gutta percha is trans-polyisoprene, and the natural rubber is cis-polyisoprene.
Gutta-percha has great application in military industry and other industries, and previously, gutta-percha is extracted from eucommia seed shells, because the content of the gutta-percha in the eucommia seed shells is higher, about 20 percent. However, in recent years, eucommia seeds are used as seeds for planting trees, so that raw materials for extracting gutta-percha are not available, and the gutta-percha is not available naturally. Thus, people think of extracting the gutta-percha from a large amount of eucommia leaves, but the content of the gutta-percha in the eucommia leaves is only 2 percent, and the extraction difficulty is large.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia ulmoides branches and leaves, which has the advantages of capability of extracting gutta-percha from eucommia ulmoides leaves with low gutta-percha content, high efficiency, low cost and the like, and solves the problem of difficulty in extracting gutta-percha from eucommia ulmoides leaves with low gutta-percha content.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the purposes of extracting gutta-percha from eucommia leaves with low gutta-percha content, high efficiency and low cost, the invention provides a process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves, which comprises the following steps:
1) directly picking fresh eucommia leaves and branches from eucommia trees, putting the picked eucommia leaves and branches into a clean water tank for cleaning, and then drying the water on the surfaces of the cleaned eucommia leaves and branches by a dryer.
2) And placing the dried eucommia branches and leaves on a slicer for shearing, then placing the cut eucommia branches and leaves into a heat pump dryer, and dehydrating and drying the branches and leaves to 2% -4%.
3) Putting the dried eucommia branches into a double-head rocker arm steel roller for crushing to obtain the preliminarily crushed eucommia branches and leaves, and then putting the preliminarily crushed eucommia branches and leaves into a crusher for crushing.
4) And (3) screening the eucommia branch and leaf powder subjected to secondary crushing on a linear vibration screening machine, and screening the leaf powder and flocculent eucommia branch and leaf crude rubber threads with the content of 5-7%.
5) And (3) putting the screened eucommia branch and leaf powder into a steel mill again for rolling, crushing thicker branches and leaves in the branch and leaf powder, screening again by using a vibration screening machine, and further purifying to enable the content of the branch and leaf crude sericin to reach more than 10%.
6) More than 10% of the eucommia ulmoides crude leaf gelatin silk is matched with flora to carry out enzymolysis in a fermentation tank, and cellulose is removed.
7) Cleaning the enzymolyzed crude leaf gelatin silk with a high-pressure water gun to expose the inside eucommia ulmoides gelatin silk, then removing lignin with a steeping liquor, and washing to obtain the eucommia ulmoides gelatin with the gelatin content higher than 90%.
Preferably, the number of times that the eucommia ulmoides branches and leaves are cleaned in the clean water tank is not less than three, and the length of the dried eucommia ulmoides branches and leaves cut by the slicing machine is 3-5 cm.
Preferably, the impregnation liquid is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10%.
Preferably, the flora is a cellulase-containing bacterial and fungal flora.
Preferably, the dryer is an Asahu ZX-5HGK11 air energy fruit and vegetable dryer, the crusher is a 420-double bucket type mobile crusher, and the Rundy heavy industry model is a DZSF-09X18 linear vibrating screen machine.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. this process technology of extracting gutta-percha in eucommia branch and leaf carries out the dissection through using the slicer to the eucommia branch and leaf of picking, can be favorable to follow-up mechanized processing, makes eucommia branch and leaf more efficient when carrying out the crushing to can reduce the step of manual separation branch and leaf after carrying out the dissection to the juniper branch and leaf, reduce the manpower and use at the extraction in-process of gutta-percha, practiced thrift the cost of labor.
2. This process technology of extracting gutta-percha in eucommia branches and leaves through cutting, crushing and screening eucommia branches and leaves, can effectually isolate the thick rubber thread of eucommia branches and leaves to the thick rubber thread of eucommia branches and leaves improves content in constantly rolling and screening, after removing the cellulose processing at last, can obtain the gutta-percha thread, again through the sodium hydroxide flooding, just can reach the purpose that utilizes eucommia branches and leaves to extract gutta-percha.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
picking fresh eucommia leaves, namely directly picking fresh eucommia leaves from trees, and collecting fallen leaves in winter as little as possible. The eucommia ulmoides gum is extracted from the eucommia ulmoides leaves and is only an accessory product in deep processing of the eucommia ulmoides leaves, the main product is the eucommia ulmoides leaves which are dried and pulverized to be made into the eucommia ulmoides leaf powder fermented feed additive, and the active ingredients in the eucommia ulmoides leaves only have the highest content in fresh leaves. The leaves are cleaned and dried, and then cut into 4cm sections on a slicing machine, and the sections are beneficial to subsequent mechanical processing. Putting the cut leaves into a drying disc of a heat pump dryer, and drying in the heat pump dryer to dehydrate the leaves to about 3%. The effect of reducing the moisture content is that glue and powder of convenient follow-up work separate, consequently need use dedicated heat pump drying-machine, and ordinary heat pump drying-machine can't reduce the moisture content of folium cortex eucommiae to 3%. The dried eucommia leaves are put into a special double-head rocker arm steel mill for crushing, the aim is to crush and crush the leaves, the rubber threads in the crushed leaves are connected, and crushed leaf powder and flocculent coarse rubber threads are separated. Crushing the primarily crushed eucommia ulmoides leaves by a special large-diameter high-speed rotary crusher, and screening the crushed materials by linear vibration to separate out leaf powder and flocculent eucommia ulmoides leaf crude gum threads with gum content reaching about 6%. And then rolling by a steel roller again, wherein the aim is to further crush the crude leaf rubber silk thick rods, further purify the crude leaf rubber silk to reach more than 10 percent, and simultaneously remove a part of eucommia leaf powder to reduce the loss of the leaf powder. After rolling again, a part of leaf powder is removed again by a vibrating screen, so that the glue concentration of the crude leaf glue silk is increased to more than 10 percent from 6 percent. More than 10% of the eucommia ulmoides crude leaf gelatin silk is matched with flora to carry out enzymolysis in a fermentation tank, and cellulose is removed. Cleaning the enzymolyzed coarse leaf gelatin silk with a high-pressure water gun to expose the inside eucommia ulmoides gelatin silk. Then soaking in sodium hydroxide solution (with concentration of 10%) to remove lignin, and washing with water to obtain gutta-percha with gum content above 90%.
In the embodiment, only the eucommia ulmoides leaves are used for extracting the gutta percha, and the content of the extracted gutta percha is 95% after the predetermined process steps.
Example two:
picking eucommia branches, namely directly picking fresh eucommia branches from a tree, cutting the newly picked branches into sections of 4cm on a slicer, and facilitating subsequent mechanical processing after the sections are cut. And putting the cut branches into a drying disc of a heat pump dryer, and drying in the heat pump dryer to dehydrate the branches to about 3%. The effect of reducing the moisture content is that glue and powder of convenient follow-up work separate, consequently need use dedicated heat pump drying-machine, and ordinary heat pump drying-machine can't reduce the moisture content of eucommia branch to 3%. The dried eucommia branches are crushed by a special double-head rocker arm steel mill, and the aim is to crush and crush the segmented branches, the rubber wires in the crushed branches are connected, and crushed and flocculent coarse rubber wires are separated. Crushing the primarily crushed eucommia ulmoides branches by a special large-diameter high-speed rotary crusher, and screening the crushed materials by linear vibration to separate powder and flocculent eucommia ulmoides branch crude rubber threads with the rubber content of about 6%. Then rolling by a steel roller again, which aims to further crush the thick rods of the branch crude rubber silk, further purify the content of the branch crude rubber silk to more than 10 percent, and simultaneously remove a part of eucommia branch powder to reduce the loss of the branch powder. After rolling again, a part of branch powder is removed by a vibrating screen, so that the glue concentration of the branch thick glue silk is increased to more than 10 percent from 6 percent. More than 10% of the eucommia ulmoides oliv branch collodion silk is mixed with flora to carry out enzymolysis in a fermentation tank, and cellulose is removed. Cleaning the enzymolyzed thick branch gelatin silk with a high-pressure water gun to expose the inside eucommia ulmoides gelatin silk. Then soaking in sodium hydroxide solution (with concentration of 10%) to remove lignin, and washing with water to obtain gutta-percha with gum content above 90%.
Compared with the first embodiment, in the first embodiment, the gutta-percha is extracted by using the eucommia ulmoides branches, and after the predetermined process steps, the content of the extracted gutta-percha is 91%, and the standard that the content of the gutta-percha is more than 90% can be achieved.
Example three:
picking fresh leaves of eucommia ulmoides, namely directly picking fresh leaves and branches of eucommia ulmoides from trees, and collecting fallen leaves in winter as little as possible. The eucommia ulmoides gum is extracted from the eucommia ulmoides leaves and is only an accessory product in deep processing of the eucommia ulmoides leaves, the main product is the eucommia ulmoides leaves which are dried and pulverized to be made into the eucommia ulmoides leaf powder fermented feed additive, and the active ingredients in the eucommia ulmoides leaves only have the highest content in fresh leaves. Freshly picked fresh leaves together with shoots are cut into 4cm sections on a slicer for two purposes: the branch and leaf cutting machine is beneficial to subsequent mechanical processing after cutting, and reduces manual separation of branches and leaves and a large amount of labor cost. And putting the cut branches and leaves into a drying disc of a heat pump dryer, and drying in the heat pump dryer to dehydrate the branches and leaves to about 3%. The effect of reducing the moisture content is that glue and powder of convenient follow-up work separate, consequently need use dedicated heat pump drying-machine, and ordinary heat pump drying-machine can't reduce the moisture content of folium cortex eucommiae to 3%. The dried branches and leaves of eucommia are put into a special double-head rocker arm steel mill for crushing, which aims to crush and crush the branches and leaves, particularly segmented branches, and the rubber filaments in the crushed branches and leaves are also connected to separate crushed leaf powder and flocculent coarse rubber filaments. Crushing the preliminarily crushed eucommia branches and leaves after rolling by a special large-diameter high-speed rotary crusher, and separating leaf powder and flocculent eucommia branches and leaves crude rubber threads with the rubber content reaching about 6 percent from the crushed material by linear vibration screening. And then rolling by a steel roller again, wherein the aim is to further crush the thick stems of the branch and leaf crude sericin silk, further purify the content of the branch and leaf crude sericin silk to reach more than 10 percent, and simultaneously remove a part of eucommia leaf powder to reduce the loss of the leaf powder. After rolling again, a part of leaf powder is removed again by a vibrating screen, so that the glue concentration of the branch and leaf crude glue silk is increased to more than 10 percent from 6 percent. More than 10% of the eucommia ulmoides crude leaf gelatin silk is matched with flora to carry out enzymolysis in a fermentation tank, and cellulose is removed. Cleaning the enzymolyzed coarse leaf gelatin silk with a high-pressure water gun to expose the inside eucommia ulmoides gelatin silk. Then soaking in sodium hydroxide solution (with concentration of 10%) to remove lignin, and washing with water to obtain gutta-percha with gum content above 90%.
Compared with the first and second embodiments, in the embodiment, eucommia ulmoides branches and leaves are used for extracting the eucommia ulmoides gum, and after the predetermined process steps are carried out, the content of the extracted eucommia ulmoides gum is 94%, and the standard that the gum content is more than 90% can be achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: carry out the dissection through using the slicer to the eucommia ulmoides branch and leaf of picking, can be favorable to follow-up mechanized processing, make eucommia ulmoides branch and leaf more efficient when carrying out milling, and can reduce the step of manual separation branch and leaf after carrying out the dissection to juniper branch and leaf, use at the extraction in-process reduction manpower of gutta percha, the cost of labor has been practiced thrift, through carrying out the dissection to eucommia ulmoides branch and leaf, pulverize and sieve, can effectually isolate the thick rubber silk of eucommia ulmoides branch and leaf, and the thick rubber silk of eucommia ulmoides branch and leaf rolls constantly and improves content in the sieve, at last after going cellulose and handling, can obtain the gutta percha silk, soak through sodium hydroxide, just can reach and utilize eucommia ulmoides branch and leaf to draw the purpose of gutta percha
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) directly picking fresh eucommia leaves and branches from eucommia trees, putting the picked eucommia leaves and branches into a clean water tank for cleaning, and then drying the water on the surfaces of the cleaned eucommia leaves and branches by a dryer.
2) And placing the dried eucommia branches and leaves on a slicer for shearing, then placing the cut eucommia branches and leaves into a heat pump dryer, and dehydrating and drying the branches and leaves to 2% -4%.
3) Putting the dried eucommia branches into a double-head rocker arm steel roller for crushing to obtain the preliminarily crushed eucommia branches and leaves, and then putting the preliminarily crushed eucommia branches and leaves into a crusher for crushing.
4) And (3) screening the eucommia branch and leaf powder subjected to secondary crushing on a linear vibration screening machine, and screening the leaf powder and flocculent eucommia branch and leaf crude rubber threads with the content of 5-7%.
5) And (3) putting the screened eucommia branch and leaf powder into a steel mill again for rolling, crushing thicker branches and leaves in the branch and leaf powder, screening again by using a vibration screening machine, and further purifying to enable the content of the branch and leaf crude sericin to reach more than 10%.
6) More than 10% of the eucommia ulmoides crude leaf gelatin silk is matched with flora to carry out enzymolysis in a fermentation tank, and cellulose is removed.
7) Cleaning the enzymolyzed crude leaf gelatin silk with a high-pressure water gun to expose the inside eucommia ulmoides gelatin silk, removing lignin with a steeping liquor, and washing to obtain the eucommia ulmoides gelatin with the gelatin content of more than 90%.
2. The process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the number of times that the eucommia ulmoides branches and leaves are cleaned in the clean water tank is not less than three, and the length of the dried eucommia ulmoides branches and leaves cut by the slicing machine is 3-5 cm.
3. The process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the impregnation liquid is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10%.
4. The process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the flora is bacteria and fungus flora containing cellulase.
5. The process technology for extracting gutta-percha from eucommia branches and leaves as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the drying-machine is the asahi Zhong ZX-5HGK11 type air can fruit vegetables drying-machine, the breaker is the portable breaker of 420 twin-bucket type, the heavy industry model of Rundde is the sharp vibration screening machine of DZSF-09X 18.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113912866A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-11 | 吉首大学 | Gutta-percha aqueous phase/organic phase two-phase extraction-chromatography purification method |
| CN115414402A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-12-02 | 河南芳捷农业发展有限公司 | Method for producing degumming micro powder of eucommia leaves |
| CN115736060A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-03-07 | 河南芳捷农业发展有限公司 | Folium cortex eucommiae degumming micro powder matcha and preparation method thereof |
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