CN111892339A - Nano heat insulation sheet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nano heat insulation sheet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a nanometer heat insulation sheet and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the fiber layer with orientation is added in the two-dimensional plane in the sheet forming process, so that the strength and toughness of the sheet are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nanometer heat insulation sheet and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of heat insulation structure material preparation.
Background
Sheet generally refers to a sheet having a thickness much less than the width dimension. For the thin-plate heat-insulating material, on the basis of ensuring the performances such as heat-insulating performance, mechanical strength and the like, the thin-plate heat-insulating material is thinned, lightened and used on a large scale, so that the mass can be effectively reduced, the space can be saved, and the cost can be reduced.
The nanometer heat insulating material mainly comprises aerogel and dry pressing molding materials which take fumed silica as a matrix and fiber materials as reinforcing materials, and the materials have the advantages of excellent heat insulating property, high temperature resistance, small density and the like. However, due to the characteristics of the materials, the two nano heat-insulating materials have significant defects in the mechanical properties such as strength, toughness and the like, and are difficult to manufacture into high-strength sheet materials. The specific expression is that the sheet material directly formed by dry pressing nanometer powder and reinforced fiber has serious powder falling, low strength, insufficient toughness, poor mechanical property and machining property, and serious powder falling phenomenon in the using and machining process. The framework material is prefabricated, and aerogel is filled in the framework material, so that a thin plate with certain strength can be manufactured, but the product is large in brittleness, insufficient in toughness and poor in bending resistance. More significantly, the thin plate prepared from the aerogel composite preform needs to be dried in a supercritical manner, which greatly increases the manufacturing cost of the thin plate material, and thus greatly limits the application range thereof.
If the adhesive is added into the material to improve the powder falling phenomenon, under the condition of not influencing the performance, the addition amount of the adhesive cannot be too much, and the adhesive is difficult to disperse if being directly added, if the adhesive is added into the material to prepare thinner glue solution, fibers in the formed sheet are distributed randomly, the toughness of the product is insufficient, and the bending resistance is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a nano heat-insulating sheet with low cost, high temperature resistance, high strength and high toughness and a preparation method thereof.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a nanometer heat insulation sheet is realized by the following steps:
the first step, the preparation of the material,
a1.1, weighing gas-phase nano-silica, chopped fibers and a binder in proportion, wherein the mass percentage of each component is that the total addition amount of the gas-phase nano-silica and the chopped fibers is not less than 90%, the addition amount of the gas-phase nano-silica is not less than 35%, and the addition amount of the binder is not more than 10%;
a1.2, uniformly mixing the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide and the chopped fibers according to the proportion of the step A1.1 to obtain a mixed dry material, and preparing an adhesive solution from an adhesive and water;
secondly, adding the adhesive solution into the dry mixed material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
step three, checking the state of the mixed material, if the state of the mixed material does not meet the requirement, performing the step four, and if the state of the mixed material meets the requirement, performing the step five;
fourthly, adding a proper amount of water or dry mixed materials into the mixed materials, and returning to the third step after uniformly mixing;
fifthly, feeding the mixed material meeting the requirements detected in the third step layer by using a scraper according to the fiber orientation direction and the thickness specified by the design, drying each upper layer, and then feeding the upper layer and the lower layer until the thickness of the thin plate meeting the design requirements to obtain a thin plate raw material;
and sixthly, performing hydrophobic treatment on the sheet raw material obtained in the fifth step to obtain the nano heat insulation sheet.
A nanometer heat insulation sheet prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the fiber layer with orientation is added in the two-dimensional plane in the sheet forming process, so that the strength and toughness of the sheet are greatly improved;
(2) according to the invention, sheets with different performance requirements can be obtained by adjusting the slurry formula;
(3) the method is simple to operate, and the supercritical drying of aerogel is not needed, so that the preparation cost is greatly reduced;
(4) according to the invention, by changing the length and arrangement mode (fiber orientation and oriented fiber quantity) of the used fibers, the forming strength of the thin plates with different sizes can be effectively controlled, and the strength of the thin plates in different directions can be effectively controlled, so that the functional customization of the thin plates is realized;
(5) the invention has the characteristics of low density, high heat-resisting temperature, good heat-insulating property, excellent mechanical strength and the like, and the density is 0.3-1g/cm3The range is adjustable, the compression strength is not lower than 1MPa, the room temperature thermal conductivity coefficient is not higher than 0.05W/(m.K), and the long-term use temperature range is 800-1200 ℃.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a nanometer heat insulation sheet, as shown in figure 1, and the preparation method is realized by the following steps:
step one, preparing a material,
a1.1, weighing the gas-phase nano-silica, the chopped fibers and the binder in proportion, wherein the mass percentage of each component is that the total addition amount of the gas-phase nano-silica and the chopped fibers is not less than 90%, the addition amount of the gas-phase nano-silica is not less than 35%, and the addition amount of the binder is not more than 10%.
In the step, the gas phase nano silicon dioxide is a heat insulation main body material, and can be commercially available without other special limitations if the gas phase nano silicon dioxide has hydrophilicity.
In the step, the short cut fibers play roles in strengthening and toughening, the length of the fibers is preferably not more than 50mm, and the length-diameter ratio is not less than 20. The type of the chopped fiber is not particularly limited as long as the performance of the final product is not adversely affected, and one or a combination of more of quartz fiber, glass fiber, high silica fiber, mullite fiber, basalt fiber, carbon fiber, alumina fiber, zirconia fiber and titania fiber is preferred, but not limited thereto, and is selected by those skilled in the art according to specific needs.
In this step, a small amount of binder is added as a slurry carrier, and a water-soluble binder is adopted, preferably an inorganic water-soluble binder, such as one or a combination of silica sol, water glass, and aluminum sol, but not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art select the binder according to specific needs.
Further, the step also comprises a functional filler, and the adding amount of the functional filler is not more than 10% of the total adding amount of the fumed nano silica and the chopped fibers. The skilled person will make a choice of the type and amount of addition according to the desired properties. In the step, the additive is selected by one or a combination of several functional fillers, such as titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride and boron oxide, but not limited thereto, and the additive is selected by a person skilled in the art according to specific needs.
More preferably, the proportion of the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide is 35 to 90 percent, the proportion of the chopped fiber is 5 to 60 percent, and the proportion of the binder is 1 to 10 percent.
In the step, the nano heat insulation sheet with different heat-resistant temperatures, different strengths, different heat-insulating properties and different densities can be prepared by adjusting the raw material ratio in the material composition formula. The proportion is adjusted within the range according to specific needs by the person skilled in the art.
A1.2, uniformly mixing the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide and the chopped fibers according to the proportion of the step A1.1 to obtain a mixed dry material, and preparing an adhesive solution from an adhesive and water.
In the step, the adhesive solution is generally prepared from an adhesive glue solution and water, wherein the mass of the adhesive glue solution is equal to the mass of the adhesive/the concentration of the adhesive glue solution.
The mass of the water in the step is 2-5 times of the total mass of the materials (the total mass of the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide, the chopped fiber and the adhesive).
According to the invention, water is not only a solvent for adjusting viscosity, but also is used for carrying out bonding, dispersing, infiltrating and hydroxyl surface modification on all raw materials in the formula; the product also can be used as a viscosity regulator to regulate the system viscosity and the usage amount of the binder; the pore-forming agent is used as a pore-forming agent of the two-dimensional nanometer heat-insulating sheet, and the pore-forming source of the two-dimensional nanometer heat-insulating sheet is increased; as a carrier for the mobile phase of the chopped fibers, the chopped fibers are allowed to spread in a two-dimensional plane.
Further, if the functional filler is included, the gas-phase nano-silica, the chopped fiber and the functional filler are uniformly mixed to obtain a dry mixed material, and the mass of water is 2-5 times, preferably 2-3 times of the total mass of the gas-phase nano-silica, the chopped fiber, the functional filler and the adhesive.
And step two, adding the adhesive solution into the mixed dry material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material.
The step can adopt conventional means such as mechanical stirring to mix materials.
And step three, checking the state of the mixed material, if the state of the mixed material does not meet the requirement, performing step four, and if the state of the mixed material meets the requirement, performing step five.
In this step, the method for judging whether the state of the mixed material meets the requirement is as follows: and if the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is within the range of 1000-5000 cP, judging that the mixed material meets the requirement, and if the viscosity of the mixed material does not meet the range, judging that the mixed material does not meet the requirement. When the absolute viscosity is changed within the above range, there is no significant influence on the subsequent steps and sheet properties, and if it exceeds the above range, the subsequent feeding or fiber orientation is not ensured.
According to the invention, through controlling the viscosity of the mixed material, the mixed material can be subjected to scraper feeding in the subsequent step, and the short-cut fibers in the mixed material can be oriented according to the design direction in the scraper feeding process, so that the strength and the toughness of the sheet are improved.
And step four, adding a proper amount of water or dry mixed materials into the mixed materials, uniformly mixing, and returning to the step three.
According to the absolute viscosity of the mixed materials in the third step, the proper amount of water is added or dry materials are mixed in the step. Further, in this step, for better process control, the addition amount of water or dry mixed materials is preferably not more than 10% of the mass of the water or dry mixed materials in step a1.2, and the specific addition amount is determined by the actual state of the mixed materials.
And step five, horizontally spreading the demolding cloth and fixing the demolding cloth on the surface of a flat plate, placing the mixed material meeting the requirements detected in the step three on the surface of the horizontally spread demolding cloth, feeding layer by using a scraper according to the fiber orientation direction and thickness specified by design, drying each upper layer, then feeding the upper layer and the lower layer until the thickness of the thin plate meeting the design requirements, and removing the demolding cloth and the flat plate to obtain the thin plate raw material.
In the step, the process of coating and putty in the field can be used for reference by the feeding of the scraper, each layer is repeatedly scraped along one direction, and the scraping thickness is 0.2-2 mm.
Furthermore, the arrangement mode of the fibers can be limited by controlling the thickness and the direction of each time in the feeding process, the strength of the thin plate in different directions can be effectively controlled, and the functional customization of the thin plate is realized. The method specifically comprises the following steps: designing fiber orientation and the thickness of each layer of material loading according to the strength performance requirement of the thin plate, and if the thin plate is only required to be reinforced in one direction, scraping all the layer of material loading along one direction; if the thin plate needs to be reinforced in both xy directions, the feeding directions of two adjacent layers are vertical; similarly, if reinforcement in other directions is needed, only the layer in the direction needs to be added during feeding; if the reinforcement is in multiple directions, the scraping directions are alternated during feeding. According to the strength requirements in all directions, the feeding thickness (representing the amount of the oriented chopped fibers) in all directions can be designed respectively, and different strengths in all directions can be designed. The invention combines a proper material state by a mode of scraping and coating materials, carries out fiber orientation distribution, and forms an anisotropic fiber layer in a two-dimensional direction in the process of forming a thin plate.
Drying in this step may be carried out by techniques known in the art, and may also be preferred: and transferring the flat plate coated with the materials in a scraping mode into a blowing oven at the temperature of 50-300 ℃, drying for 10-100 minutes, taking out, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
In the step, the flat plate is placed on a workbench, the demolding cloth and the dried material are taken down together, and then the demolding cloth is taken down to obtain the sheet raw material.
And step six, carrying out hydrophobic treatment on the sheet raw material obtained in the step five to obtain the nano heat insulation sheet.
The hydrophobic treatment in this step is a technique well known in the art, and the skilled person can select the hydrophobic treatment according to the actual situation.
Further, the invention also provides a nano heat insulation sheet prepared by the method.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the nanometer heat insulation sheet comprises the following specific steps:
1. and (5) preparing materials.
A1.1, weighing hydrophilic fumed silica, chopped fibers and a binder in proportion, wherein the mass percentage of each component is 90% of the total addition of the fumed silica and the chopped fibers, the addition of the fumed silica is 35%, the total addition of the chopped fibers is 55%, and the addition of the binder is 10%.
In the example, the chopped fiber is quartz fiber with the length of 5mm and the diameter of 7-9 μm, the binder is adhesive solution which is aluminum sol with the solid content of 10%, and the mass of the adhesive solution is the mass of the binder/the concentration of the adhesive solution.
A1.2, uniformly mixing the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide and the quartz fiber according to the proportion of the step A1.1 to obtain a mixed dry material, and preparing an adhesive solution from aluminum sol and water.
In the step, the adhesive solution is prepared from alumina sol with solid content of 10% and water, and the mass of the water in the step is 2 times of the total mass of the materials (the total mass of the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide, the chopped fiber and the adhesive).
2. And adding the adhesive solution into the mixed dry material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material.
This step uses mechanical agitation to mix the materials.
3. Checking the state of the mixed material, wherein the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 6500cP, the mixed material is not in accordance with the requirement, 10% of the mass of the A1.2 reclaimed water is added into the mixed material, the state of the mixed material is checked again after uniform stirring, the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 5450cP, the mixed material is not in accordance with the requirement, 10% of the mass of the A1.2 reclaimed water is added into the mixed material, the state of the mixed material is checked again after uniform stirring, and the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 4550cP, which is in accordance with the.
4. Horizontally spreading a 200 mm-specification demolding cloth and fixing the demolding cloth on the surface of an aluminum flat plate, taking a part of material meeting the requirement to transfer to the horizontally spread demolding cloth surface, repeatedly and uniformly scraping the material on the demolding cloth surface along the same direction by using a scraper, transferring to a 90 ℃ blast oven for drying for 10 minutes, taking out and naturally cooling to room temperature; then, taking part of the material on the surface of the demolding cloth, repeatedly and uniformly scraping the material in the direction vertical to the previous time, transferring the material to a blowing oven at 90 ℃ for drying for 10 minutes, taking out the material, and naturally cooling the material to room temperature; the operation was repeated, each time the thickness of the coating was about 0.2mm, and the thickness of the dried material on the plate was measured until the thickness of the dried material on the release cloth reached 2mm, at which time the feeding was stopped. Placing the flat plate which stops continuously feeding on a workbench, taking down the demolding cloth together with the dried material, and then taking down the demolding cloth to obtain a sheet blank; and (4) obtaining the high-strength high-temperature-resistant nanometer heat-insulating sheet after hydrophobic treatment.
The nano heat insulation sheet prepared in the embodiment has the density of 0.53g/cm through testing3The thickness range is 2mm, the compression strength is 1.5MPa, the room temperature thermal conductivity is 0.045W/(m.K), the 1000 ℃ thermal conductivity is 0.125W/(m.K), and the composite material can be used for a long time at 1000 ℃.
Example 2
The preparation method of the nanometer heat insulation sheet comprises the following specific steps:
1. and (5) preparing materials.
A1.1, weighing hydrophilic fumed silica, chopped fibers and a binder in proportion, wherein the mass percentage of each component is 90% of the total addition of the fumed silica and the chopped fibers, the addition of the fumed silica is 35%, and the addition of the binder is 10%.
In the example, the chopped fiber is quartz fiber with the length of 2mm and the diameter of 1-3 μm, the binder is adhesive solution, namely silica sol with the solid content of 20% and aluminum sol with the solid content of 5%, and the mass of the adhesive solution is the mass of the binder/the concentration of the adhesive solution.
In the embodiment, titanium oxide serving as a functional filler is also added, and the addition amount of the titanium oxide is 10 percent of the total addition amount of the fumed nano silica and the chopped fibers.
A1.2, uniformly mixing the gas-phase nano-silica, the chopped fibers and the functional filler according to the proportion of the step A1.1 to obtain a mixed dry material, and preparing an adhesive solution from an adhesive and water.
The mass of the water in the step is 2 times of the total mass of the materials (the total mass of the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide, the chopped fiber, the functional filler and the adhesive).
2. And adding the adhesive solution into the mixed dry material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material.
This step uses mechanical agitation to mix the materials.
3. Checking the state of the mixed material, wherein the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 7600cP, the mixed material is not in accordance with the requirement, 10% of the mass of the A1.2 reclaimed water is added into the mixed material, the state of the mixed material is checked again after uniform stirring, the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 6250cP, the mixed material is not in accordance with the requirement, 10% of the mass of the A1.2 reclaimed water is added into the mixed material, the state of the mixed material is checked again after uniform stirring, the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 5150cP, the mixed material is not in accordance with the requirement, 5% of the mass of the A1.2 reclaimed water is added into the mixed material, and the absolute viscosity of.
4. Horizontally spreading a demoulding cloth with the specification of 200mm by 200mm and fixing the demoulding cloth on the surface of a flat plate, taking a part of material to be placed on the surface of the horizontally spread demoulding cloth, repeatedly scraping the material on the surface of the demoulding cloth along the same direction by using a scraper after feeding the material according to the specified requirement, transferring the flat plate coated with the material to a blast oven with the temperature of 200 ℃ for drying for 10 minutes, taking out the flat plate and naturally cooling the flat plate to the room temperature, wherein the scraping thickness is about 0.3 mm; thereafter, the feeding was continued with the direction of scraping by the scraper always perpendicular to the previous direction of scraping, and the thickness of the dried material on the plate was measured until a thickness of 3mm was reached. Taking down the demoulding cloth together with the dried material, and then taking down the demoulding cloth to obtain a sheet blank; and (4) obtaining the high-strength high-temperature-resistant nanometer heat-insulating sheet after hydrophobic treatment.
Through tests, the density of the nanometer heat insulation sheet prepared by the embodiment is 0.65g/cm33mm in thickness, 2MPa in compression strength, 0.052W/(m.K) in heat conductivity coefficient at room temperature, 0.132W/(m.K) in heat conductivity coefficient at 1200 ℃, and 1200 ℃ in long-term use.
Example 3
The preparation method of the nanometer heat insulation sheet comprises the following specific steps:
1. and (5) preparing materials.
A1.1, weighing hydrophilic fumed silica, chopped fibers and a binder in proportion, wherein the mass percentage of each component is 95% of the total addition of the fumed silica and the chopped fibers, the addition of the fumed silica is 40%, the addition of the chopped fibers is 55%, and the addition of the binder is 5%.
In the example, alumina fiber with length of 5mm and length-diameter ratio of 500 is used as chopped fiber, and adhesive glue solution is used as adhesive, wherein the solid content of the alumina sol is 10%, and the mass of the adhesive glue solution is equal to the mass of the adhesive/the concentration of the adhesive glue solution.
In the embodiment, the functional filler silicon carbide is also included, and the adding amount of the functional filler silicon carbide is 5 percent of the total adding amount of the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide and the chopped fibers.
A1.2, uniformly mixing the gas-phase nano-silica, the chopped fibers and the functional filler according to the proportion of the step A1.1 to obtain a mixed dry material, and preparing an adhesive solution from an adhesive and water.
In the step, the adhesive solution is generally prepared from an adhesive glue solution and water, wherein the mass of the adhesive glue solution is equal to the mass of the adhesive/the concentration of the adhesive glue solution.
The mass of the water in the step is 3 times of the total mass of the materials (the total mass of the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide, the chopped fiber, the functional filler and the adhesive).
2. And adding the adhesive solution into the mixed dry material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material.
3. Checking the state of the mixed material, wherein the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 6540cP, the mixed material is not in accordance with the requirement, 10% of the mass of the A1.2 reclaimed water is added into the mixed material, the state of the mixed material is checked again after uniform stirring, the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 5150cP, the mixed material is not in accordance with the requirement, 5% of the mass of the A1.2 reclaimed water is added into the mixed material, the state of the mixed material is checked again after uniform stirring, and the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 4450cP, the mixed material is in accordance with.
4. Horizontally spreading a demoulding cloth with the specification of 200mm by 200mm and fixing the demoulding cloth on the surface of a flat plate, taking a part of material to be placed on the surface of the horizontally spread demoulding cloth, repeatedly scraping the material on the surface of the demoulding cloth along the same direction by using a scraper after feeding the material according to the specified requirement, transferring the flat plate coated with the material to a blast oven with the temperature of 200 ℃ for drying for 10 minutes, taking out the flat plate and naturally cooling the flat plate to the room temperature, wherein the scraping thickness is about 0.2 mm; thereafter, the feeding was continued with the direction of scraping by the scraper always perpendicular to the previous direction of scraping, and the thickness of the dried material on the plate was measured until a thickness of 2.4mm was reached. Taking down the demoulding cloth together with the dried material, and then taking down the demoulding cloth to obtain a sheet blank; and (4) obtaining the high-strength high-temperature-resistant nanometer heat-insulating sheet after hydrophobic treatment.
The nano heat insulation sheet prepared in the embodiment has the density of 0.50g/cm through testing3The thickness is 2.4mm, the compression strength is 1.85MPa, the room temperature thermal conductivity is 0.040W/(m.K), the 1000 ℃ thermal conductivity is 0.115W/(m.K), and the long-term service temperature range is 1000 ℃.
Example 4
The preparation method of the nanometer heat insulation sheet comprises the following specific steps:
1. and (5) preparing materials.
2. A1.1, weighing hydrophilic fumed silica, chopped fibers and a binder in proportion, wherein the mass percentage of each component is 90% of the total addition of the fumed silica and the chopped fibers, the addition of the fumed silica is 35%, and the addition of the binder is 10%.
In the step, the quartz fiber and the alumina fiber with the fiber length of 1mm and the length-diameter ratio of not less than 100 adopt a water-soluble adhesive and a silica sol with the solid content of 10 percent and a water glass with the mass ratio of 1:1 as the adhesive.
The step also comprises a functional filler, wherein the addition amount of the functional filler is 10% of the total addition amount of the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide and the chopped fiber, and the functional filler is the combination of titanium oxide, boron carbide and silicon carbide in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
A1.2, uniformly mixing the gas-phase nano-silica, the chopped fibers and the functional filler according to the proportion of the step A1.1 to obtain a mixed dry material, and preparing an adhesive solution from an adhesive and water.
The mass of the water in the step is 3 times of the total mass of the materials (the total mass of the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide, the chopped fiber, the functional filler and the adhesive).
2. And adding the adhesive solution into the mixed dry material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material.
The step can adopt conventional means such as mechanical stirring to mix materials.
3. Checking the state of the mixed material, wherein the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 6700cP, the mixed material is not in accordance with the requirement, 10% of the quality of A1.2 reclaimed water is added into the mixed material, the state of the mixed material is checked again after uniform stirring, the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 5850cP, the mixed material is not in accordance with the requirement, 10% of the quality of A1.2 reclaimed water is added into the mixed material, the state of the mixed material is checked again after uniform stirring, and the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is 4850cP, which is in accordance with the requirement.
4. Horizontally spreading a demoulding cloth with the specification of 200mm by 200mm and fixing the demoulding cloth on the surface of a flat plate, taking a part of material to be placed on the surface of the horizontally spread demoulding cloth, repeatedly scraping the material on the surface of the demoulding cloth along the same direction by using a scraper after feeding the material according to the specified requirement, transferring the flat plate coated with the material to a blast oven with the temperature of 200 ℃ for drying for 10 minutes, taking out the flat plate and naturally cooling the flat plate to the room temperature, wherein the scraping thickness is about 0.5 mm; thereafter, the feeding was continued with the direction of scraping by the scraper always perpendicular to the previous direction of scraping, and the thickness of the dried material on the plate was measured until a thickness of 3.5mm was reached. Taking down the demoulding cloth together with the dried material, and then taking down the demoulding cloth to obtain a sheet blank; and (4) obtaining the high-strength high-temperature-resistant nanometer heat-insulating sheet after hydrophobic treatment.
Through tests, the density of the two-dimensional nanometer heat insulation sheet prepared by the embodiment is 0.80g/cm3The thickness is 3.5mm, the compression strength is 2.88MPa, the room temperature thermal conductivity is 0.053W/(m.K), the 1200 ℃ thermal conductivity is 0.136W/(m.K), and the long-term service temperature range is 1200 ℃.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the nanometer heat insulation sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first step, the preparation of the material,
a1.1, weighing gas-phase nano-silica, chopped fibers and a binder in proportion, wherein the mass percentage of each component is that the total addition amount of the gas-phase nano-silica and the chopped fibers is not less than 90%, the addition amount of the gas-phase nano-silica is not less than 35%, the addition amount of the binder is not more than 10%, and the total amount of the gas-phase nano-silica, the chopped fibers and the binder is 100%;
a1.2, uniformly mixing the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide and the chopped fibers according to the proportion of the step A1.1 to obtain a mixed dry material, and preparing an adhesive solution from an adhesive and water;
secondly, adding the adhesive solution into the dry mixed material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
step three, checking the state of the mixed material, if the state of the mixed material does not meet the requirement, performing the step four, and if the state of the mixed material meets the requirement, performing the step five;
fourthly, adding a proper amount of water or dry mixed materials into the mixed materials, and returning to the third step after uniformly mixing;
fifthly, feeding the mixed material meeting the requirements detected in the third step layer by using a scraper according to the fiber orientation direction and the thickness specified by the design, drying each upper layer, and then feeding the upper layer and the lower layer until the thickness of the thin plate meeting the design requirements to obtain a thin plate raw material;
and sixthly, performing hydrophobic treatment on the sheet raw material obtained in the fifth step to obtain the nano heat insulation sheet.
2. The method for preparing a nano heat insulation sheet according to claim 1, wherein: the step A1.1 also comprises a functional filler, the addition amount of the functional filler is not more than 10% of the total addition amount of the fumed nano silica and the chopped fibers, and the mixed dry material in the step A1.2 also comprises the functional filler.
3. The method for preparing a nano heat insulation sheet according to claim 1, wherein: in the step A1.1, the proportion of the gas-phase nano silicon dioxide is 35-90%, the proportion of the chopped fiber is 5-60%, and the proportion of the binder is 1-10%.
4. The method of manufacturing a nano-thermal insulation sheet according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the mass of the water in the step A1.2 is 2-5 times of the total mass of the solid parts, and the solid parts comprise mixed dry materials and adhesives.
5. The method for preparing a nano heat insulation sheet according to claim 4, wherein: the mass of the water in the step A1.2 is 2-3 times of the total mass of the solid parts.
6. The method of manufacturing a nano-thermal insulation sheet according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the method for judging whether the state of the mixed material meets the requirement in the third step comprises the following steps: if the absolute viscosity of the mixed material is within the range of 1000-5000 cP, judging that the absolute viscosity meets the requirement, otherwise, judging that the absolute viscosity does not meet the requirement.
7. The method of manufacturing a nano-thermal insulation sheet according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: and in the fourth step, the addition amount of the water or the mixed dry material does not exceed 10 percent of the mass of the water or the mixed dry material in the step A1.2.
8. The method of manufacturing a nano-thermal insulation sheet according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: in the fifth step, the arrangement mode of the fibers is limited by controlling the thickness and the direction of each time in the feeding process, the fiber orientation and the feeding thickness of each layer are designed according to the strength performance requirement of the thin plate, and if the thin plate is only required to be reinforced in one direction, all the layers of feeding are strickled off in one direction; if the thin plate needs to be reinforced in both xy directions, the feeding directions of two adjacent layers are vertical; if reinforcement in other directions is needed, increasing the layer in the direction during feeding; if the reinforcement is in multiple directions, the scraping directions are alternated during feeding.
9. The method for preparing a nano heat insulation sheet according to claim 8, wherein: in the fifth step, the thickness of each feeding and blade coating is 0.2-2 mm.
10. A nanometer heat insulation sheet prepared by any one of the methods.
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