CN111890745A - 一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111890745A
CN111890745A CN202010772154.8A CN202010772154A CN111890745A CN 111890745 A CN111890745 A CN 111890745A CN 202010772154 A CN202010772154 A CN 202010772154A CN 111890745 A CN111890745 A CN 111890745A
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fibers
waterproof
skin
layer
moisture absorption
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CN111890745B (zh
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杨双建
龚琤琤
杨文超
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Anhui Deep Breathing Textile Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Deep Breathing Textile Technology Co ltd
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
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    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A41D13/1192—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres with antimicrobial agent
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料，包括依次设置的亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和防水阻隔层，亲肤吸湿层与人体皮肤直接接触，防水阻隔层与空气直接接触；亲肤吸湿层由竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维制成；防水阻隔层由防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维制成。本发明中亲肤吸湿层与人体皮肤直接接触，防水阻隔层与空气直接接触；亲肤吸湿层采用加工麻纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维制成，不仅具有柔软舒适的触感、良好的透气透湿性能，并且还具有一定的抗菌性能，提高口罩的佩戴舒适性；本发明制得的布料具有亲肤舒适的触感、良好的抗菌性能、吸附阻隔性能和防水性能，适用于医用口罩的加工制造。

Description

一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于口罩材料领域，具体地，涉及一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料及其制备方法。
背景技术
空气质量的恶化、病毒病菌的传播和呼吸道疾病的流传，使得口罩在防护方面有了极高的使用率。目前，市场上流通的普通口罩一般用脱脂棉纱布或无纺布制作而成，能够阻挡空气中悬浮的绝大多数粒径较大的灰尘颗粒，并不能有效地防PM2.5、抗菌抗毒的功效。为了提高对颗粒物或者病毒等的阻隔效果，现有技术中一般会缩小口罩面料的孔径，但是缩小口罩面料的孔径会增大对气体的阻隔率，从而影响口罩的透气和透湿性能，影响口罩的佩戴舒适性。
申请号为CN201410266195.4的中国发明专利公开了一种聚四氟乙烯微孔覆合膜防霾口罩，该口罩的外表层采用竹炭布，中间层采用聚四氟乙烯微孔覆合膜，内里层采用纳米银纤维面料，采用记忆海绵材料的拱桥形鼻垫，外表层和内里层剪裁封合为立体，中间层为不剪裁，通过折叠成立体，具有高透气性、低通气阻力，可以滤除空气中直径大于0.45μm或1.0μm的细菌和细颗粒物，起到除菌防霾作用，除尘有效率可达95％以上。但是该申请中的聚四氟乙烯微孔覆合膜设置在口罩内部起到阻隔效果，但是会使人体呼出的水分不易散发，影响口罩的透气和透湿性能，进而影响口罩的使用性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料及其制备方法，该防水布料包括依次设置的亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和防水阻隔层，亲肤吸湿层与人体皮肤直接接触，防水阻隔层与空气直接接触；其中的亲肤吸湿层采用加工麻纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维制成，不仅具有柔软舒适的触感、良好的透气透湿性能，并且还具有一定的抗菌性能，提高口罩的佩戴舒适性；中间层采用活性炭颗粒点黏复合PP熔喷无纺布，PP熔喷无纺布本身具备一定的吸附、过滤性能，通过点覆活性炭颗粒，活性炭颗粒不仅能够进一步提高吸附和过滤性能，还能够起到点状支撑的作用，提高中间层与亲肤吸湿层和防水阻隔层之间的间隙，进一步提高布料的透气、透湿性能；防水阻隔层采用防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维制成，其中的防水透气纤维在制成纤维层的时候纤维间堆砌的空隙变大，同时纤维堆积密度变小，提高纤维膜的孔隙率，进而提高防水阻隔层的透湿性能，使防水阻隔层具备防水、透湿性能；制得的布料具有亲肤舒适的触感、良好的抗菌性能、吸附阻隔性能和防水性能，适用于医用口罩的加工制造。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料，包括依次设置的亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和防水阻隔层，亲肤吸湿层与人体皮肤直接接触，防水阻隔层与空气直接接触；
亲肤吸湿层由竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维制成；将竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维按照质量比10:8-9:3-4混合后，经开松机开松，经过梳理机梳棉成网，进行热粘合加固或水刺加固成均匀的纤维层，得到亲肤吸湿层；
吸附层以PP熔喷无纺布为基布，采用点黏复合技术，将球形活性炭颗粒黏合到PP熔喷无纺布上，制得中间吸附层；
防水阻隔层由防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维制成；将防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维按照质量比1:1混合后，经开松机开松，经过梳理机梳棉成网，进行热粘合加固或水刺加固成均匀的纤维层，得到防水阻隔层；
通过缝纫或超声波粘合的方式将亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和阻隔层依次加固复合，得到医用口罩制造用的防水布料。
进一步地，所述加工麻纤维由如下方法制备：
S1、按照固液比1g:10-15mL将苎麻纤维浸入质量分数为1％的NaOH水溶液中，以1℃/min的升温速率将NaOH溶液升温至98℃，当温度达到98℃后，加入NaOH固体粉末至NaOH的质量分数为4％，同时加入双氧水，使溶液中双氧水浓度达到8g/L，在98℃恒温条件下保温120-130min，取出用清水冲洗至中性；
S2、将柔软剂和壳聚糖加入醋酸水溶液中，配制成加工液，按照固液比1g:10-15mL将上述步骤处理后的苎麻纤维浸入加工液中，控制水浴温度为50℃，处理时间为30min，纤维取出后沥干水分，在135℃条件下交联4min后，在90℃条件下烘干，得到加工麻纤维。
进一步地，步骤S2中醋酸水溶液的质量分数为5％；加工液中柔软剂和壳聚糖的质量分数分别为3％和4％。
进一步地，所述防水透湿纤维由如下方法制备：
1)将二乙烯三胺置于三口烧瓶中，冰水浴冷却，在氮气保护下，用恒压滴液漏斗以1.50mL/min的速度滴加邻苯二甲酸酐和乙醇的混合溶液，滴加完成后在常温下反应4h，再升温至150-160℃继续0.09MPa减压反应4h，停止反应，制得改性剂；
2)按照一定的比例将改性剂、乙酸和去离子水加入至无水乙醇中，室温搅拌15-18min，得到混合溶液；按照固液比1g:40-50mL将氧化石墨烯加入至混合溶液中，于90-95℃下反应6-7h，反应结束后在8000r/min的离心速度下离心20min后烘干，得到改性氧化石墨烯；
3)将改性氧化石墨烯溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中，先搅拌10-12min，然后超声震荡3-4h，得到混合液，将PEEK粉末加入至混合液中，室温搅拌9-10h，制得纺丝液，将纺丝液通过静电纺丝设备进行纺丝，得到防水透湿纤维。
进一步地，步骤1)中二乙烯三胺、邻苯二甲酸酐、乙醇的用量之比为25g:0.1mL:100mL；步骤2)中改性剂、乙酸、去离子水和无水乙醇的用量之比为0.1g:5mL:10mL:30mL；步骤3)中改性氧化石墨烯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和PEEK的用量之比为0.15g:100mL:18g。
一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料的制备方法，具体如下：
通过缝纫或超声波粘合的方式将亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和阻隔层依次加固复合，得到医用口罩制造用的防水布料。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的防水布料，包括依次设置的亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和防水阻隔层，亲肤吸湿层与人体皮肤直接接触，防水阻隔层与空气直接接触；其中的亲肤吸湿层采用加工麻纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维制成，经过碱氧浴处理后，苎麻纤维中的果胶、半纤维素、木质素及表面杂质等非纤维素物质被有效去除，一方面，去除杂质后，纤维中分子排列趋于规整，分子结合力强，纤维结晶度提升，纤维力学性能得到提升；另一方面，碱氧浴处理能够对纤维素大分子进行溶胀处理，改善纤维的蓬松感，可以使苎麻纤维大分子结构变得蓬松，使柔软剂和壳聚糖等化学物质与纤维素大分子结构充分接触，提高对纤维的柔软和抗菌处理效果；经过加工的麻纤维，不仅具有较高的力学性能，还具有柔软舒适的触感以及抗菌性能；将加工麻纤维与竹纤维和羊毛纤维制成亲肤吸湿层，不仅具有柔软舒适的触感、良好的透气透湿性能，并且还具有一定的抗菌性能，提高口罩的佩戴舒适性；
本发明的防水阻隔层采用防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维制成，通过改性剂对氧化石墨烯进行改性，使改性剂分子通过化学键合的作用接枝于氧化石墨烯粒子上，在氧化石墨烯粒子表面引入了有机分子链，不仅能够减弱氧化石墨烯之间的团聚现象，而且能够增大氧化石墨烯与聚偏氟乙烯基体的相容性，促进氧化石墨烯分子在聚合物基体中的均匀分散，此外，改性氧化石墨烯分子上接枝的-NH-能够与PEEK树脂分子的的酮基发生化学反应，增强氧化石墨烯与PEEK基体的结合力，进而提高氧化石墨烯的耐迁移性能；聚偏氟乙烯具有良好的疏水性能，使得纺丝成的纤维具有良好的防水性能；通过在纺丝液中加入改性氧化石墨烯，会使纤维的直径增大，使得该纤维在制成纤维层的时候纤维间堆砌的空隙变大，同时纤维堆积密度变小，提高纤维膜的孔隙率，进而提高防水阻隔层的透湿性能，使防水阻隔层具备防水、透湿性能；
本发明的防水布料，包括依次设置的亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和防水阻隔层，亲肤吸湿层与人体皮肤直接接触，防水阻隔层与空气直接接触；其中的亲肤吸湿层采用加工麻纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维制成，不仅具有柔软舒适的触感、良好的透气透湿性能，并且还具有一定的抗菌性能，提高口罩的佩戴舒适性；中间层采用活性炭颗粒点黏复合PP熔喷无纺布，PP熔喷无纺布本身具备一定的吸附、过滤性能，通过点覆活性炭颗粒，活性炭颗粒不仅能够进一步提高吸附和过滤性能，还能够起到点状支撑的作用，提高中间层与亲肤吸湿层和防水阻隔层之间的间隙，进一步提高布料的透气、透湿性能；防水阻隔层采用防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维制成，其中的防水透气纤维在制成纤维层的时候纤维间堆砌的空隙变大，同时纤维堆积密度变小，提高纤维膜的孔隙率，进而提高防水阻隔层的透湿性能，使防水阻隔层具备防水、透湿性能；制得的布料具有亲肤舒适的触感、良好的抗菌性能、吸附阻隔性能和防水性能，适用于医用口罩的加工制造。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料，包括依次设置的亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和防水阻隔层，亲肤吸湿层与人体皮肤直接接触，防水阻隔层与空气直接接触；
其中，亲肤吸湿层由竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维制成；将竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维按照质量比10:8-9:3-4混合后，经开松机开松，经过梳理机梳棉成网，进行热粘合加固或水刺加固成均匀的纤维层，得到亲肤吸湿层；
吸附层以PP熔喷无纺布为基布，采用点黏复合技术，将球形活性炭颗粒黏合到PP熔喷无纺布上，制得中间吸附层；
防水阻隔层由防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维制成；将防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维按照质量比1:1混合后，经开松机开松，经过梳理机梳棉成网，进行热粘合加固或水刺加固成均匀的纤维层，得到防水阻隔层；
通过缝纫或超声波粘合的方式将亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和阻隔层依次加固复合，得到医用口罩制造用的防水布料；
其中，加工麻纤维由如下方法制备：
S1、按照固液比1g:10-15mL将苎麻纤维浸入质量分数为1％的NaOH水溶液中，以1℃/min的升温速率将NaOH溶液升温至98℃，当温度达到98℃后，加入NaOH固体粉末至NaOH的质量分数为4％，同时加入双氧水，使溶液中双氧水浓度达到8g/L，在98℃恒温条件下保温120-130min，取出用清水冲洗至中性；
S2、将柔软剂和壳聚糖加入醋酸水溶液(醋酸水溶液的质量分数为5％)中，配制成加工液，按照固液比1g:10-15mL将上述步骤处理后的苎麻纤维浸入加工液中，控制水浴温度为50℃，处理时间为30min，纤维取出后沥干水分，在135℃条件下交联4min后，在90℃条件下烘干，得到加工麻纤维；
其中，加工液中柔软剂和壳聚糖的质量分数分别为3％和4％；柔软剂为有机硅柔软剂；
经过碱氧浴处理后，苎麻纤维中的果胶、半纤维素、木质素及表面杂质等非纤维素物质被有效去除，一方面，去除杂质后，纤维中分子排列趋于规整，分子结合力强，纤维结晶度提升，纤维力学性能得到提升；另一方面，碱氧浴处理能够对纤维素大分子进行溶胀处理，改善纤维的蓬松感，可以使苎麻纤维大分子结构变得蓬松，使柔软剂和壳聚糖等化学物质与纤维素大分子结构充分接触，提高对纤维的柔软和抗菌处理效果；经过加工的麻纤维，不仅具有较高的力学性能，还具有柔软舒适的触感以及抗菌性能；将加工麻纤维与竹纤维和羊毛纤维制成亲肤吸湿层，不仅具有柔软舒适的触感、良好的透气透湿性能，并且还具有一定的抗菌性能，提高口罩的佩戴舒适性；
此外，中间层采用活性炭颗粒点黏复合PP熔喷无纺布，PP熔喷无纺布本身具备一定的吸附、过滤性能，通过点覆活性炭颗粒，活性炭颗粒不仅能够进一步提高吸附和过滤性能，还能够起到点状支撑的作用，提高中间层与亲肤吸湿层和防水阻隔层之间的间隙，进一步提高布料的透气、透湿性能；
防水透湿纤维由如下方法制备：
1)将二乙烯三胺置于三口烧瓶中，冰水浴冷却，在氮气保护下，用恒压滴液漏斗以1.50mL/min的速度滴加邻苯二甲酸酐和乙醇的混合溶液，滴加完成后在常温下反应4h，再升温至150-160℃继续0.09MPa减压反应4h，停止反应，制得改性剂；
其中，二乙烯三胺、邻苯二甲酸酐、乙醇的用量之比为25g:0.1mL:100mL；
该步骤中，二乙烯三胺一端的-NH2与邻苯二甲酸酐分子上酸酐基团反应生成酰胺，使二者通过酰胺键结合，形成改性剂分子，制得的改性剂分子上含有未反应的-NH2基团和-NH-基团；
2)按照一定的比例将改性剂、乙酸和去离子水加入至无水乙醇中，室温搅拌15-18min，得到混合溶液；按照固液比1g:40-50mL将氧化石墨烯加入至混合溶液中，于90-95℃下反应6-7h，反应结束后在8000r/min的离心速度下离心20min后烘干，得到改性氧化石墨烯；
其中，改性剂、乙酸、去离子水和无水乙醇的用量之比为0.1g:5mL:10mL:30mL；
该步骤中，改性剂分子上含有的-NH2基团能够与氧化石墨烯分子表面的-COOH发生反应，使改性剂分子接枝于氧化石墨烯上，形成改性氧化石墨烯；
3)将改性氧化石墨烯溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)中，先搅拌10-12min，然后超声震荡3-4h，得到混合液，将PEEK(聚醚醚酮)粉末加入至混合液中，室温搅拌9-10h，制得纺丝液，将纺丝液通过静电纺丝设备进行纺丝，得到防水透湿纤维；
其中，改性氧化石墨烯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和PEEK的用量之比为0.15g:100mL:18g；具体纺丝工艺参数为：电压21.0kV、纺距16.0cm、纺速为0.6mL/h；温度为(25±4)℃、相对湿度为(45±2)％；
通过改性剂对氧化石墨烯进行改性，使改性剂分子通过化学键合的作用接枝于氧化石墨烯粒子上，在氧化石墨烯粒子表面引入了有机分子链，不仅能够减弱氧化石墨烯之间的团聚现象，而且能够增大氧化石墨烯与聚偏氟乙烯基体的相容性，促进氧化石墨烯分子在聚合物基体中的均匀分散，此外，改性氧化石墨烯分子上接枝的-NH-能够与PEEK树脂分子的的酮基发生化学反应，增强氧化石墨烯与PEEK基体的结合力，进而提高氧化石墨烯的耐迁移性能；聚偏氟乙烯具有良好的疏水性能，使得纺丝成的纤维具有良好的防水性能；通过在纺丝液中加入改性氧化石墨烯，会使纤维的直径增大，使得该纤维在制成纤维层的时候纤维间堆砌的空隙变大，同时纤维堆积密度变小，提高纤维膜的孔隙率，进而提高防水阻隔层的透湿性能，使防水阻隔层具备防水、透湿性能。
实施例1
亲肤吸湿层由竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维制成；将竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维按照质量比10:8:3混合后，经开松机开松，经过梳理机梳棉成网，进行热粘合加固或水刺加固成均匀的纤维层，得到亲肤吸湿层；
加工麻纤维由如下方法制备：
S1、按照固液比1g:10mL将苎麻纤维浸入质量分数为1％的NaOH水溶液中，以1℃/min的升温速率将NaOH溶液升温至98℃，当温度达到98℃后，加入NaOH固体粉末至NaOH的质量分数为4％，同时加入双氧水，使溶液中双氧水浓度达到8g/L，在98℃恒温条件下保温120min，取出用清水冲洗至中性；
S2、将柔软剂和壳聚糖加入醋酸水溶液(醋酸水溶液的质量分数为5％)中，配制成加工液，按照固液比1g:10mL将上述步骤处理后的苎麻纤维浸入加工液中，控制水浴温度为50℃，处理时间为30min，纤维取出后沥干水分，在135℃条件下交联4min后，在90℃条件下烘干，得到加工麻纤维。
实施例2
亲肤吸湿层由竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维制成；将竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维按照质量比10:9:4混合后，经开松机开松，经过梳理机梳棉成网，进行热粘合加固或水刺加固成均匀的纤维层，得到亲肤吸湿层；
加工麻纤维由如下方法制备：
S1、按照固液比1g:15mL将苎麻纤维浸入质量分数为1％的NaOH水溶液中，以1℃/min的升温速率将NaOH溶液升温至98℃，当温度达到98℃后，加入NaOH固体粉末至NaOH的质量分数为4％，同时加入双氧水，使溶液中双氧水浓度达到8g/L，在98℃恒温条件下保温130min，取出用清水冲洗至中性；
S2、将柔软剂和壳聚糖加入醋酸水溶液(醋酸水溶液的质量分数为5％)中，配制成加工液，按照固液比1g:15mL将上述步骤处理后的苎麻纤维浸入加工液中，控制水浴温度为50℃，处理时间为30min，纤维取出后沥干水分，在135℃条件下交联4min后，在90℃条件下烘干，得到加工麻纤维。
对比例1
将实施例1中的加工麻纤维换成普通苎麻纤维，其余原料及制备过程不变。
对实施例1-2和对比例1制得的亲肤层面料进行如下性能测试：参考GB/T20944.3-2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分：振荡法》，测试面料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率；依据GB/T 5453-1997《纺织品织物透气性的测定》，测试透气性能；参照GB/T12704-1991标准，测试透湿性；结果如下表1所示：
表1
Figure BDA0002617050470000101
由上表1可知，实施例1-2制得的阻隔层对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均达到了99.9％以上，说明本发明通过对麻纤维进行加工改性，能够赋予麻纤维良好的抗菌性能，使亲肤层具备抗菌功能；由上表1可知，实施例1-2制得的阻隔层的透气率为3358.5-3362.7mm·s-1，透湿量为4280-4305，相较于对比例1，说明本发明对麻纤维加工改性处理，不会对麻纤维的透气透湿性能产生影响，使亲肤吸湿层仍然具备良好的透气透湿性能。
实施例3
防水阻隔层由防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维制成；将防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维按照质量比1:1混合后，经开松机开松，经过梳理机梳棉成网，进行热粘合加固或水刺加固成均匀的纤维层，得到防水阻隔层；
防水透湿纤维由如下方法制备：
1)将二乙烯三胺置于三口烧瓶中，冰水浴冷却，在氮气保护下，用恒压滴液漏斗以1.50mL/min的速度滴加邻苯二甲酸酐和乙醇的混合溶液，滴加完成后在常温下反应4h，再升温至150℃继续0.09MPa减压反应4h，停止反应，制得改性剂；
其中，二乙烯三胺、邻苯二甲酸酐、乙醇的用量之比为25g:0.1mL:100mL；
2)按照一定的比例将改性剂、乙酸和去离子水加入至无水乙醇中，室温搅拌15min，得到混合溶液；按照固液比1g:40mL将氧化石墨烯加入至混合溶液中，于90℃下反应6h，反应结束后在8000r/min的离心速度下离心20min后烘干，得到改性氧化石墨烯；
其中，改性剂、乙酸、去离子水和无水乙醇的用量之比为0.1g:5mL:10mL:30mL；
3)将改性氧化石墨烯溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中，先搅拌10min，然后超声震荡3h，得到混合液，将PEEK粉末加入至混合液中，室温搅拌9h，制得纺丝液，将纺丝液通过静电纺丝设备进行纺丝，得到防水透湿纤维；
其中，改性氧化石墨烯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和PEEK的用量之比为0.15g:100mL:18g。
实施例4
防水阻隔层由防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维制成；将防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维按照质量比1:1混合后，经开松机开松，经过梳理机梳棉成网，进行热粘合加固或水刺加固成均匀的纤维层，得到防水阻隔层；
防水透湿纤维由如下方法制备：
1)将二乙烯三胺置于三口烧瓶中，冰水浴冷却，在氮气保护下，用恒压滴液漏斗以1.50mL/min的速度滴加邻苯二甲酸酐和乙醇的混合溶液，滴加完成后在常温下反应4h，再升温至150℃继续0.09MPa减压反应4h，停止反应，制得改性剂；
其中，二乙烯三胺、邻苯二甲酸酐、乙醇的用量之比为25g:0.1mL:100mL；
2)按照一定的比例将改性剂、乙酸和去离子水加入至无水乙醇中，室温搅拌15min，得到混合溶液；按照固液比1g:40mL将氧化石墨烯加入至混合溶液中，于90℃下反应6h，反应结束后在8000r/min的离心速度下离心20min后烘干，得到改性氧化石墨烯；
其中，改性剂、乙酸、去离子水和无水乙醇的用量之比为0.1g:5mL:10mL:30mL；
3)将改性氧化石墨烯溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中，先搅拌10min，然后超声震荡3h，得到混合液，将PEEK粉末加入至混合液中，室温搅拌9h，制得纺丝液，将纺丝液通过静电纺丝设备进行纺丝，得到防水透湿纤维；
其中，改性氧化石墨烯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和PEEK的用量之比为0.15g:100mL:18g。
对比例2
将实施例3中防水透湿纤维换成普通的PEEK树脂纤维，其余原料及制备过程不变。
对实施例3-4和对比例2制得的防水阻隔层进行如下性能测试：依据GB/T 5453-1997《纺织品织物透气性的测定》，测试透气性能；参照GB/T 12704-1991标准，测试透湿性；测试结果如下表2：
表2
Figure BDA0002617050470000131
由上表2可知，实施例3-4制得的防水阻隔层的透气率为2789.4-2820.7mm·s-1，透湿量为3020-3055g·m-2·24h-1，说明本发明制得的防水阻隔层具有良好的透气透湿性；由上表2可知，实施例3-4制得的防水阻隔层的过滤效率为93.24-93.76％，说明本发明制得的防水阻隔层具有较高的过滤效率，能够起到净化空气的效果；结合对比例2，说明本发明制得的防水透湿纤维能够使防水阻隔层具有良好的透气透湿性能。
实施例5
通过缝纫或超声波粘合的方式将实施例1制得的亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和实施例3制得的防水阻隔层加固复合，得到一次性口罩制造用的透气布料。
实施例6
通过缝纫或超声波粘合的方式将实施例2制得的亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和实施例4制得的防水阻隔层加固复合，得到一次性口罩制造用的透气布料。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节，也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然，根据本说明书的内容，可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例，是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用，从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。

Claims (6)

1.一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料，其特征在于，包括依次设置的亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和防水阻隔层，亲肤吸湿层与人体皮肤直接接触，防水阻隔层与空气直接接触；
亲肤吸湿层由竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维制成；将竹纤维、羊毛纤维和加工麻纤维按照质量比10:8-9:3-4混合后，经开松机开松，经过梳理机梳棉成网，进行热粘合加固或水刺加固成均匀的纤维层，得到亲肤吸湿层；
吸附层以PP熔喷无纺布为基布，采用点黏复合技术，将球形活性炭颗粒黏合到PP熔喷无纺布上，制得中间吸附层；
防水阻隔层由防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维制成；将防水透湿纤维和聚酯纤维按照质量比1:1混合后，经开松机开松，经过梳理机梳棉成网，进行热粘合加固或水刺加固成均匀的纤维层，得到防水阻隔层；
通过缝纫或超声波粘合的方式将亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和阻隔层依次加固复合，得到医用口罩制造用的防水布料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料，其特征在于，所述加工麻纤维由如下方法制备：
S1、按照固液比1g:10-15mL将苎麻纤维浸入质量分数为1％的NaOH水溶液中，以1℃/min的升温速率将NaOH溶液升温至98℃，当温度达到98℃后，加入NaOH固体粉末至NaOH的质量分数为4％，同时加入双氧水，使溶液中双氧水浓度达到8g/L，在98℃恒温条件下保温120-130min，取出用清水冲洗至中性；
S2、将柔软剂和壳聚糖加入醋酸水溶液中，配制成加工液，按照固液比1g:10-15mL将上述步骤处理后的苎麻纤维浸入加工液中，控制水浴温度为50℃，处理时间为30min，纤维取出后沥干水分，在135℃条件下交联4min后，在90℃条件下烘干，得到加工麻纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料，其特征在于，步骤S2中醋酸水溶液的质量分数为5％；加工液中柔软剂和壳聚糖的质量分数分别为3％和4％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料，其特征在于，所述防水透湿纤维由如下方法制备：
1)将二乙烯三胺置于三口烧瓶中，冰水浴冷却，在氮气保护下，用恒压滴液漏斗以1.50mL/min的速度滴加邻苯二甲酸酐和乙醇的混合溶液，滴加完成后在常温下反应4h，再升温至150-160℃继续0.09MPa减压反应4h，停止反应，制得改性剂；
2)按照一定的比例将改性剂、乙酸和去离子水加入至无水乙醇中，室温搅拌15-18min，得到混合溶液；按照固液比1g:40-50mL将氧化石墨烯加入至混合溶液中，于90-95℃下反应6-7h，反应结束后在8000r/min的离心速度下离心20min后烘干，得到改性氧化石墨烯；
3)将改性氧化石墨烯溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中，先搅拌10-12min，然后超声震荡3-4h，得到混合液，将PEEK粉末加入至混合液中，室温搅拌9-10h，制得纺丝液，将纺丝液通过静电纺丝设备进行纺丝，得到防水透湿纤维。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料，其特征在于，步骤1)中二乙烯三胺、邻苯二甲酸酐、乙醇的用量之比为25g:0.1mL:100mL；步骤2)中改性剂、乙酸、去离子水和无水乙醇的用量之比为0.1g:5mL:10mL:30mL；步骤3)中改性氧化石墨烯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和PEEK的用量之比为0.15g:100mL:18g。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用口罩制造用的防水布料的制备方法，其特征在于，具体如下：
通过缝纫或超声波粘合的方式将亲肤吸湿层、吸附层和阻隔层依次加固复合，得到医用口罩制造用的防水布料。
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