CN111890701A - 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111890701A CN111890701A CN202010756568.1A CN202010756568A CN111890701A CN 111890701 A CN111890701 A CN 111890701A CN 202010756568 A CN202010756568 A CN 202010756568A CN 111890701 A CN111890701 A CN 111890701A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/36—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and impregnating by casting, e.g. vacuum casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material design, and provides a 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of low strength, easy delamination and poor comprehensive performance of the traditional fiber reinforced composite material. Compared with the traditional interlayer material, the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material provided by the invention has the advantages that the impact resistance in the thickness direction is improved, the shear strength is higher, the damage tolerance is better, the comprehensive performance is excellent, and the application field is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material design, in particular to a 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development and progress of science and technology in the world, the life style of people is continuously changed and further, the life becomes more and more convenient due to the rapid development of modern technology, but meanwhile, the continuous progress of the technology also brings some threats to the living environment. In order to realize the sustainable development of society, all countries around the world increasingly pay more attention to and emphasize low carbon yield, energy conservation and emission reduction.
In order to realize the lightweight of the automobile, the original steel automobile body needs to be replaced, and the carbon fiber is used as a novel reinforcing material, so that the application prospect in the lightweight of the automobile is wide. The fiber is used as a composite material formed by compounding a reinforcing material and a resin matrix, has obvious advantages, and has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, high specific modulus, good fatigue resistance, good corrosion resistance, strong designability, shock absorption and the like. The fiber reinforced composite material replaces the traditional metal material, so that the overall quality of the equipment can be greatly reduced, and the light weight is realized. Therefore, the fiber reinforced composite material is widely applied in fields of renewable energy, traffic, national defense and the like, greatly promotes scientific development and human progress, and is an important direction for the development and application of new materials. The traditional fiber reinforced composite material is of an interlayer structure, low strength in the thickness direction, easy layering, poor comprehensive performance and limited application range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material with high strength, high impact resistance in the thickness direction and excellent comprehensive performance, aiming at overcoming the problems of low strength, easy delamination and poor comprehensive performance of the traditional fiber reinforced composite material. In recent years, with the development of high and new technologies, high-performance fibers used in the fields of aerospace, buildings, ships, automobiles and the like are increasing, and a 2.5D weaving technology can be adopted to weave carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, quartz fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers and the like, so that the requirements of the current advanced composite materials on the high-performance fibers are completely met.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material, and the process is simple to operate, easy to control, continuous in operation, short in time, high in production efficiency and capable of carrying out large-scale industrial production. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material is formed by compounding and curing a 2.5D fiber woven preform and matrix resin through a vacuum auxiliary forming process.
The invention selects the 2.5D structure to prepare the fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite, can effectively increase the interlaminar shear strength of the material, overcomes the defect of weak interlaminar bonding, obtains the composite with excellent comprehensive performance, has simple preparation process, is easy for industrial production, and has good application prospect.
Preferably, the 2.5D fiber woven preform is formed by weaving a fiber composite body through a 2.5D weaving machine, and the shape, the thickness and the warp and weft spacing dimension of the 2.5D fiber woven preform are controlled through numerical control programming by the 2.5D weaving machine.
The 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material can control the structure and parameters of a fabric through numerical control, and is high in flexibility.
Preferably, the fiber composite is selected from one or more of glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber. The fiber has the characteristics of high specific strength, specific modulus, corrosion resistance, low density and the like, and a 2.5D fiber woven preform obtained by combining one or more fibers of the fiber has the advantages of light weight, high strength, durability and durability.
Preferably, the fiber composite is twisted, untwisted or untwisted.
Preferably, the knitting structure of the 2.5D fiber woven preform is one or a combination of a deep cross-linking structure, a shallow cross-direct structure, a shallow cross-bending structure and a positive cross-linking structure.
Preferably, the weaving structure of the 2.5D fiber woven preform is that warp yarns penetrate through each layer at an angle of 0-90 degrees along the thickness direction, and the angle range has the beneficial effects that the prepared fiber volume content is high, and the fabric structure is compact and stable; the number of weft layers is 2-45, the number of weft layers is controlled within the range of the number of weft layers, the interface strength of fibers and resin is utilized to the highest extent, and if the number of weft layers is too thick, the resin and the fibers in the prefabricated part are easily peeled to cause the failure of the composite material.
Preferably, the viscosity of the matrix resin under normal temperature and pressure is not greater than 400 mpa.s, and the matrix resin in the viscosity range is selected because the vacuum-assisted molding process is easy to implement, and the fluidity of the resin cannot be realized under the excessively high viscosity and the vacuum condition, so that the molding process is too long and even the fabric preform is difficult to completely infiltrate.
Preferably, the matrix resin is selected from one or more of epoxy resin, bismaleimide, polyethylene resin, phenolic resin, polyester resin, vinyl ester resin and rubber. The screening of the matrix resin is based on the fact that the solvent used by a resin matrix system is a volatile low-toxicity solvent which is harmless to human environment; the resin matrix needs to improve the compatibility and the caking property of an interface and has good wettability on fibers; the processing is convenient, and the processing process is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Preferably, the vacuum assisted forming process comprises the steps of:
(1) laying the 2.5D fiber woven preform in a mold, and keeping the preform flat; the shape of the die can be customized, and the preparation of the special-shaped structural part is easy to realize;
(2) sticking a vacuum adhesive tape along the edge of a mould, and laying demoulding cloth, a flow guide net, a glass plate and a vacuum bag in sequence, wherein one end of the mould is communicated with a resin tank, the other end of the mould is communicated with a vacuum pump, and matrix resin is contained in the resin tank;
(3) vacuumizing to 0.1MPa, injecting matrix resin into the mold, putting the mold into a vacuum drying box at the temperature of 30-80 ℃ after the 2.5D fiber woven preform is fully soaked by the resin, preserving heat for 1-3 h, taking out the reacted 2.5D fiber woven preform, naturally cooling, cutting and polishing to obtain the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite.
A preparation method of a 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(a) weaving the fiber composite into a 2.5D fiber woven preform by a 2.5D weaving machine;
(b) laying the 2.5D fiber woven preform in a mold, and keeping the preform flat;
(c) sticking a vacuum adhesive tape along the edge of a mould, and laying demoulding cloth, a flow guide net, a glass plate and a vacuum bag in sequence, wherein one end of the mould is communicated with a resin tank, the other end of the mould is communicated with a vacuum pump, and matrix resin is contained in the resin tank;
(d) vacuumizing to 0.1MPa, injecting matrix resin into the mold, putting the mold into a vacuum drying box at the temperature of 30-80 ℃ after the 2.5D fiber woven preform is fully soaked by the resin, preserving heat for 1-3 h, taking out the reacted 2.5D fiber woven preform, naturally cooling, cutting and polishing to obtain the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the traditional interlayer material, the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material has the advantages that the impact resistance in the thickness direction is improved, the shear strength is high, the damage tolerance is good, the comprehensive performance is excellent, and the application field is wide;
(2) the preparation process is simple to operate, easy to control, continuous in operation, short in time and high in production efficiency, and can be used for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a mold used in the vacuum assisted molding process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sample plot of a deep cross-linked ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced vinyl ester resin material of example 1.
In fig. 1: the device comprises a glass plate 1, demoulding cloth 2, a vacuum pump 3, a resin tank 4, a valve 5, a vacuum bag 6, a 2.5D fiber woven preform 7, a flow guide direction 8 and a flow guide net 9.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below by using specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the present invention, all the equipment and materials are commercially available or commonly used in the art, and the methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
(a) Taking untwisted ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, and weaving the untwisted ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers into 5 layers of fiber preforms with deep cross-linked structures by a 2.5D loom, namely the 2.5D fiber woven preforms; preparing vinyl ester resin as matrix resin, wherein the viscosity of the vinyl ester resin is 150 Pa.s under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure;
(b) as shown in fig. 1, after the 2.5D fiber woven preform 7 is laid on a mold, it is kept flat;
(c) sticking a vacuum adhesive tape along the edge of the mould, sequentially laying a demoulding cloth 2, a flow guide net 9, a glass plate 1 and a vacuum bag 6, placing a tee joint and a spiral pipe on one side to form an adhesive injection port and be communicated with a resin tank 4, communicating the other end with a vacuum pump 3, and forming a base to be an air exhaust port;
(d) vacuumizing to 0.1MPa, injecting vinyl ester resin into a mould, fully soaking the 2.5D fiber woven preform by the vinyl ester resin, putting the mould into a vacuum drying box at 30 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, taking out the reacted 2.5D fiber woven preform, naturally cooling, cutting and polishing to obtain the deeply-crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced vinyl ester resin material, wherein a sample of the deeply-crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced vinyl ester resin material is shown in figure 2 and is the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material.
Example 2
(a) Twisting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers with a twist degree of 90 twists/m, and weaving into 6-layer shallow cross-linking structure fiber preforms by a 2.5D weaving machine, namely 2.5D fiber woven preforms; preparing epoxy resin as matrix resin, wherein the viscosity of the epoxy resin is 128 Pa.s under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure;
(b) laying the 2.5D fiber woven preform on a mold, and keeping the preform flat;
(c) sticking a vacuum adhesive tape along the edge of the mould, laying demoulding cloth, a flow guide net, a glass plate and a vacuum bag in sequence, wherein a tee joint and a spiral pipe are placed on one side to form an adhesive injection port, and a base is placed on the other side to form an extraction port;
(d) vacuumizing to 0.1MPa, injecting epoxy resin, fully infiltrating the 2.5D fiber woven preform by resin, putting the mould into a vacuum drying oven at 50 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, taking out the reacted 2.5D fiber woven preform, naturally cooling, cutting and polishing to obtain the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material.
Example 3
(a) Taking carbon fibers, and weaving into 6 layers of shallow cross-direct connection structure fiber preforms by a 2.5D weaving machine, namely 2.5D fiber woven preforms; preparing phenolic resin as matrix resin, wherein the viscosity of the phenolic resin is 40 Pa.s under the normal temperature and pressure conditions;
(b) laying the 2.5D fiber woven preform on a mold, and keeping the preform flat;
(c) sticking a vacuum adhesive tape along the edge of the mould, laying demoulding cloth, a flow guide net, a glass plate and a vacuum bag in sequence, wherein a tee joint and a spiral pipe are placed on one side to form an adhesive injection port, and a base is placed on the other side to form an extraction port;
(d) vacuumizing to 0.1MPa, injecting matrix resin, fully infiltrating the 2.5D fiber woven preform by the matrix resin, putting the mould into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃, preserving the temperature for 1h, taking out the reacted 2.5D fiber woven preform, naturally cooling, cutting and polishing to obtain the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the fiber preform is different in structure and is a 2D flat fiber fabric composite; the rest of the process is completely the same.
The results of mechanical properties of the composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 are shown in Table 1. Wherein, the bending strength, the compression strength, the shearing strength and the tensile strength of the test piece are tested by adopting a CMT6104 type microcomputer electronic universal tester produced by Meits Industrial systems (China) Co. According to the general rule of GB/T1446-2005 fiber reinforced plastic test method and GB/T1449-2005 fiber reinforced plastic bending property test method. Shear performance testing was performed with reference to JC/T773-2010. The test is carried out according to the test method of the compression performance of the GB/T34559-2017 carbon/carbon composite material. According to the general rule of GB/T1446-2005 fiber reinforced plastic test method and GB/T1447-2005 fiber reinforced plastic tensile property test method.
TABLE 1 Performance results for composites made in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1
| Performance index | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 |
| Compressive Strength (MPa) | -- | 53.1 | -- | -- |
| Shear strength (MPa) | -- | 78.1 | 145.8 | -- |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 669.3 | -- | -- | 479.58 |
| Flexural Strength (MPa) | 153.2 | 100.5 | 142.3 | 114.10 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material obtained by the preparation process has excellent strength performance; the data of comparative example 1 and comparative example 1 show that the mechanical properties of the material can be influenced by the structure screening of the fiber prefabricated part, and the fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material with excellent properties can be prepared only by the 2.5D structure prefabricated part defined by the invention;
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material design, and provides a 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of low strength, easy delamination and poor comprehensive performance of the traditional fiber reinforced composite material. Compared with the traditional interlayer material, the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material provided by the invention has the advantages that the impact resistance in the thickness direction is improved, the shear strength is higher, the damage tolerance is better, the comprehensive performance is excellent, and the application field is wide.
Claims (10)
1. The 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material is characterized in that the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material is formed by compounding and curing a 2.5D fiber woven preform and matrix resin through a vacuum auxiliary forming process.
2. A 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the 2.5D fiber woven preform is woven from a fiber composite body by a 2.5D loom, and the 2.5D loom controls the shape, thickness and warp and weft pitch dimensions of the 2.5D fiber woven preform by numerical control programming.
3. A 2.5D fibre woven reinforced resin based composite material according to claim 2, wherein the fibre composite is selected from one or more of a combination of glass fibre, carbon fibre, aramid fibre and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibre.
4. A 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin-based composite material according to claim 2, wherein the fiber composite is twisted, untwisted or untwisted.
5. A 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the braiding structure of the 2.5D fiber woven preform is one or more of deep cross-linking, shallow cross-linking and positive cross-linking.
6. A2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the weaving structure of the 2.5D fiber woven preform is that warp yarns penetrate through each layer at an angle of 0-90 degrees in the thickness direction, and the number of weft yarn layers is 2-45.
7. A 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the matrix resin is not more than 400 mpa.s under normal temperature and pressure conditions.
8. A2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin based composite material according to claim 7, wherein the matrix resin is selected from one or more of epoxy resin, bismaleimide, polyethylene resin, phenolic resin, polyester resin, vinyl ester resin and rubber.
9. A2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the vacuum assisted forming process comprises the steps of:
(1) laying the 2.5D fiber woven preform in a mold, and keeping the preform flat;
(2) sticking a vacuum adhesive tape along the edge of a mould, and laying demoulding cloth, a flow guide net, a glass plate and a vacuum bag in sequence, wherein one end of the mould is communicated with a resin tank, the other end of the mould is communicated with a vacuum pump, and matrix resin is contained in the resin tank;
(3) vacuumizing to 0.1MPa, injecting matrix resin into the mold, putting the mold into a vacuum drying box at the temperature of 30-80 ℃ after the 2.5D fiber woven preform is fully soaked by the resin, preserving heat for 1-3 h, taking out the reacted 2.5D fiber woven preform, naturally cooling, cutting and polishing to obtain the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite.
10. A method for preparing a 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
(a) weaving the fiber composite into a 2.5D fiber woven preform by a 2.5D weaving machine;
(b) laying the 2.5D fiber woven preform in a mold, and keeping the preform flat;
(c) sticking a vacuum adhesive tape along the edge of a mould, and laying demoulding cloth, a flow guide net, a glass plate and a vacuum bag in sequence, wherein one end of the mould is communicated with a resin tank, the other end of the mould is communicated with a vacuum pump, and matrix resin is contained in the resin tank;
(d) vacuumizing to 0.1MPa, injecting matrix resin into the mold, putting the mold into a vacuum drying box at the temperature of 30-80 ℃ after the 2.5D fiber woven preform is fully soaked by the resin, preserving heat for 1-3 h, taking out the reacted 2.5D fiber woven preform, naturally cooling, cutting and polishing to obtain the 2.5D fiber woven reinforced resin matrix composite.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113232328A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-08-10 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of composite material S-shaped air inlet duct cylinder based on 2.5D weaving |
| CN113981586A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-28 | 江南大学 | Reinforced integrated gradient woven composite pressure cylinder for full sea depth and preparation method thereof |
| CN114559577A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-31 | 威海鸿宇复合材料有限责任公司 | Medium-low temperature fast curing large-thickness three-dimensional fabric prepreg and preparation method thereof |
| CN114654758A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-06-24 | 上海飞机制造有限公司 | Method for improving sewing and VARI forming quality of high-temperature curing resin-based composite material |
| CN115787288A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-14 | 江苏先诺新材料科技有限公司 | Polyimide fiber surface modification method and application thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114654758A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-06-24 | 上海飞机制造有限公司 | Method for improving sewing and VARI forming quality of high-temperature curing resin-based composite material |
| CN114654758B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2023-11-28 | 上海飞机制造有限公司 | Method for improving stitching and VARI forming quality of high temperature cured resin matrix composite |
| CN113232328A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-08-10 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of composite material S-shaped air inlet duct cylinder based on 2.5D weaving |
| CN113232328B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-05-06 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of composite material S-shaped air inlet duct cylinder based on 2.5D weaving |
| CN113981586A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-28 | 江南大学 | Reinforced integrated gradient woven composite pressure cylinder for full sea depth and preparation method thereof |
| CN113981586B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-07-22 | 江南大学 | Reinforced integrated gradient woven composite pressure cylinder for full sea depth and preparation method thereof |
| CN114559577A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-31 | 威海鸿宇复合材料有限责任公司 | Medium-low temperature fast curing large-thickness three-dimensional fabric prepreg and preparation method thereof |
| CN115787288A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-14 | 江苏先诺新材料科技有限公司 | Polyimide fiber surface modification method and application thereof |
| CN115787288B (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2024-05-28 | 江苏先诺新材料科技有限公司 | Polyimide fiber surface modification method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20201106 |