CN111889812B - Method for detecting and eliminating cutter back-off interference in gear machining - Google Patents
Method for detecting and eliminating cutter back-off interference in gear machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN111889812B CN111889812B CN202010676908.XA CN202010676908A CN111889812B CN 111889812 B CN111889812 B CN 111889812B CN 202010676908 A CN202010676908 A CN 202010676908A CN 111889812 B CN111889812 B CN 111889812B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/12—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F21/04—Planing or slotting tools
- B23F21/06—Planing or slotting tools having a profile which matches a gear tooth profile
Abstract
The invention provides a method for checking and eliminating cutter back-off interference in gear machining, which comprises the following steps: step 1: drawing a cutter graph and a workpiece outline graph; step 2: setting machining parameters and cutter back-off parameters; and step 3: setting an oblique cutter back-off amount; and 4, step 4: simulating the machining, generating and cutter relieving; and 5: checking whether the cutter gives way to interfere with the machined tooth surface of the workpiece or not, if not, continuing to simulate, otherwise, returning to the step 3, and adjusting the oblique cutter giving way; step 6: repeating the step 4 to the step 5; and 7: the machine tool is adjusted according to the simulation machining equipment to ensure that the actual machining is free of interference, the machine tool is in place at one time and does not need to be repeated. A method for quickly, accurately detecting and eliminating the cutter back-off interference in gear machining at low cost can be used for adjusting the inclined cutter back-off in various gear machining processes and realizing high-quality gear machining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of setting, checking and adjusting of machining parameters of gear machine tools, and particularly relates to a method for correlating return cutter back-off setting, interference checking and parameter adjusting of machining cutters of gear shaping machines.
Background
When the gear shaper machines the gear, the main motion is completed by the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the gear shaper cutter, and in order to avoid the situation that the machined workpiece tooth surface and the cutter side edge are damaged by the back stroke of the gear shaper cutter, a retracting action is added during the back stroke of the gear shaper cutter, namely, the cutter is retracted. Generally, the cutter relieving movement of the gear shaper cutter is realized by swinging along the radial direction of the cutter during the return stroke of the cutter, and is also called as radial cutter relieving. In most cases, the radial cutter back-off motion can avoid interference with the workpiece during the return stroke of the cutter, but some cases, such as: when an internal gear with less teeth number or smaller pressure angle or a helical gear with larger cutting helix angle is processed, the interference cannot be completely avoided by the pure radial cutter back-off, therefore, the oblique cutter back-off is adopted in the novel gear shaper for adjustment, and the center connecting line of the cutter and the workbench deviates an angle with the cutter back-off direction of the gear shaper through the transverse movement of the upright column. The oblique cutter relieving influences are more, such as machining parameters, the size of the offset of the stand column and the like, all influence the oblique cutter relieving effect, and no effective and quick method exists at present for obtaining correct oblique cutter relieving parameters, and the machining parameters and the offset of the stand column can be continuously adjusted only through multiple trial cutting until interference is completely eliminated. The adjustment process is complicated in operation, labor and time are wasted, the machining efficiency of the machine tool is seriously affected, and an adjustment method capable of conveniently and quickly finding the inclined cutter back-off parameters at one time is urgently needed in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of long period, large waste, complex adjustment and the like of the conventional method for adjusting the oblique cutter back-off of the gear shaper, provides a method for quickly and accurately checking and eliminating the interference of the gear machining cutter back-off, has low cost, can adjust the oblique cutter back-off of various gear machining and realizes the high-quality gear machining.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a method for checking and eliminating the cutter back-off interference of gear machining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: drawing a cutter graph and a workpiece outline graph;
step 2: setting machining parameters and cutter back-off parameters;
and step 3: setting an oblique cutter back-off amount;
and 4, step 4: simulating the machining, generating and cutter relieving;
and 5: checking whether the cutter gives way to interfere with the machined tooth surface of the workpiece or not, if not, continuing to simulate, otherwise, returning to the step 3, and adjusting the oblique cutter giving way;
step 6: repeating the step 4 to the step 5;
and 7: the machine tool is adjusted according to the simulation machining equipment to ensure that the actual machining is free of interference, the machine tool is in place at one time and does not need to be repeated.
The specific operation in the step 1 is to draw a tooth profile diagram and an outline diagram of the cutter, draw an outline diagram of the workpiece and a cutter diagram in the same graph, place the initial positions of the workpiece and the cutter diagram according to the actual machining position, and set the initial positions for the simulation of machining and cutter back-off.
The specific operation in the step 2 is to design processing parameters according to the requirements of the number of teeth, the modulus and the processing precision of the workpiece, and the method comprises the following steps: and the circumferential feeding amount, the processing depth and the radial cutter back-off amount are used for setting a starting environment for processing and cutter back-off simulation.
The specific operation in the step 3 is that radial cutter back-off is firstly used for eliminating cutter back-off interference, and an oblique cutter back-off function is not needed; when the radial cutter back-off is used, the oblique cutter back-off is added when the interference cannot be completely eliminated, and the oblique cutter back-off amount is set to be 0 during the first simulation.
And in the step 4, specifically, programming is carried out by utilizing the initial environment set in the steps 1-3, and gear machining and cutter relieving are automatically simulated.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention avoids the complex theoretical calculation, the flow of the invention continuously develops the real processing condition of the tool and the workpiece graph simulation through programming control, and the middle process is observed, so that whether the tool and the workpiece have interference under the given parameter condition can be easily seen. Because all the transmission data are truly obtained from the actual machining state of the machine tool, the machining parameters are completely the same as those of the actual machining, and therefore the purpose of checking and finding the correct parameters for eliminating the cutter back-off interference of the gear machining is achieved.
2. The method can be operated on all gear shaping machines with the oblique cutter relieving function, is one of methods for checking and adjusting the cutter relieving interference in machine tool machining, and can replace the currently adopted actual machining test method according to the requirement. In addition, the method can be used as a method for predicting whether the machining of some special gears has interference before actual machining, and unnecessary waste or irreparable loss caused by blind trial cutting is avoided. The beneficial effects are mainly as follows: firstly, the period is short, the operation is simple, and one step is in place. The method does not need actual processing, can accurately judge whether the currently set parameters have interference through software simulation, and can quickly find the parameter setting without interference through readjustment and simulation, thereby accurately adjusting the machine tool; secondly, the cost is low. The method has no cutter loss and does not need to trial cut the workpiece for many times; and thirdly, the environment is protected. Cutting oil is not used, and harmful factors such as smoke and the like which are easy to cause pollution to the environment are not generated.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of conventional external tooth machining oblique cutter back-off.
In the figure: a workpiece 1 and a cutter 2.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional internal tooth machining oblique back-off tool.
In the figure: a workpiece 1 and a cutter 2.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of tool interference at 0.5mm radial back-off.
A position 3 after cutter back-off, a processed workpiece 4 and a position 5 with serious interference with a processed surface of the workpiece during cutter back-off.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of tool interference when the radial back-off is 0.5mm + the oblique back-off is 10 mm.
A position 3 after cutter back-off, a processed workpiece 4 and a position 6 slightly interfering with a processed surface of the workpiece when the cutter back-off.
Figure 5 is a schematic view of radial back-off at 0.5mm + 20mm oblique back-off.
The position 3 after cutter back-off, the processed workpiece 4 and the processed surface interference elimination 7 of the cutter back-off and the workpiece.
Fig. 6 (a) (b) simulates the setting of the initial position.
A workpiece profile 8 and a tool profile 9.
Fig. 7 (a) (b) simulates gear machining and back-off.
A workpiece outline 8, a cutter outline 9, a cutter back-off position 10 and a cutter position 11 in the machining process.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the existing processing process, the traditional cutter back-off method comprises the following steps: when the radial cutter back-off can not completely eliminate the machining interference, the auxiliary oblique cutter back-off can be effectively eliminated. Through the transverse movement of the upright post, the central connecting line of the cutter and the workbench deviates an angle with the cutter relieving direction of the pinion cutter, as shown in figures 1 and 2. Fig. 1 shows the external gear-insertion state, and fig. 2 shows the internal gear-insertion state. The moving direction of the upright post is related to the rolling and cutting motion direction, and simultaneously related to the center distance and the offset, and the relation of the moving of the upright post can be expressed as follows:
Y=A×sinB
wherein, A: the distance between the center of the cutter and the center of the workpiece;
b: the upright post deviates the angle;
y: the offset of the upright post;
the oblique cutter back-off influence factor is many, and if machining parameter, stand offset size, cutter profile of tooth etc. the condition is comparatively complicated, is difficult to use the accurate calculation of theoretical formula, and what use at present is "actual processing test method", promptly: according to experience, the B is generally recommended to be 5-10 degrees, and trial adjustment is carried out on the basis until the correct parameters are found.
The cutter relieving method is complex in adjustment and low in working efficiency.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 8, a method of checking and eliminating gear machining back-off interference, comprising the steps of:
step 1: drawing a cutter graph and a workpiece outline graph;
drawing the workpiece outline drawing and the cutter drawing in the same drawing, and setting the initial positions of the workpiece outline drawing and the cutter drawing according to the actual machining position to simulate the machining and cutter relieving.
Step 2: setting machining parameters and cutter back-off parameters;
designing machining parameters according to the requirements of the number of teeth, the modulus and the machining precision of the workpiece, wherein the machining parameters comprise: and the circumferential feeding amount, the processing depth and the radial cutter back-off amount are used for setting a starting environment for processing and cutter back-off simulation.
And step 3: setting an oblique cutter back-off amount;
radial cutter back-off is used to eliminate cutter back-off interference, and an oblique cutter back-off function is not needed; when the radial cutter back-off is used, the oblique cutter back-off is added when the interference cannot be completely eliminated, and the oblique cutter back-off amount is set to be 0 during the first simulation.
And 4, step 4: simulating the machining, generating and cutter relieving;
and (4) programming by utilizing the initial environment set in the steps 1-3, and automatically simulating gear machining and cutter relieving.
And 5: checking whether the cutter gives way to interfere with the machined tooth surface of the workpiece or not, if not, continuing to simulate, otherwise, returning to the step 3, and adjusting the oblique cutter giving way;
step 6: repeating the step 4 to the step 5;
and 7: the machine tool is adjusted according to the simulation machining equipment to ensure that the actual machining is free of interference, the machine tool is in place at one time and does not need to be repeated.
Examples of implementation:
the steps and effects of using the method will be described by taking the machining of the gear shaping with model number YK5150D X3 as an example.
The workpiece and tool parameters were as follows:
a slotting cutter: number of teeth z1=25, modulus mn=5, pressure angle α =20 °, class a, involute profile;
workpiece: number of teeth z1=31, tooth width b =40, machining accuracy class 7;
the implementation steps are as follows:
1. drawing a cutter graph and a workpiece outline graph:
drawing the workpiece outline drawing and the cutter drawing in the same drawing, and setting the initial positions of the workpiece outline drawing and the cutter drawing according to the actual machining position to simulate the machining and cutter relieving. As shown in FIG. 6;
2. setting processing parameters and cutter relieving parameters:
according to the requirements of the number of teeth, the modulus and the processing precision of the workpiece, the processing parameters are designed as follows: the circumferential feed amount is 0.3mm/str, the primary processing depth is 8mm, the feed end angle is 65 degrees, and the radial cutter back-off amount is 0.5 mm;
3. setting the oblique cutter back-off amount to be 0 for the first time;
4. simulation processing development and cutter back-off
By utilizing the initial environment set in the steps 1-3, programming is carried out through the method provided by the invention, gear machining and cutter back-off are automatically simulated, only radial cutter back-off is adopted, the cutter back-off amount is 0.5mm, and when the spread angle reaches 81 degrees and 37', the cutter back-off interferes with the machined surface of a workpiece, as shown in figure 3;
5. adjusting the oblique cutter back-off amount to be 10mm, re-simulating, and finding that the interference phenomenon of the cutter back-off amount and the machined surface of the workpiece is relieved when the angle is 81 degrees and 37', but slight interference still exists, as shown in figure 4;
6. the oblique cutter back-off amount is adjusted to be 20mm again, and the simulation is carried out again, and the interference phenomenon of the cutter back-off and the machined surface of the workpiece is completely eliminated when the angle is 81 degrees and 37' is found, and the figure is 5. And no cutter back-off interference phenomenon is found until the simulation is completed.
7. The machine tool is adjusted according to the parameters set by simulation, actual processing is free of interference, and the processing precision meets the requirements.
Claims (3)
1. A method for checking and eliminating the cutter back-off interference of gear machining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: drawing a cutter graph and a workpiece outline graph;
step 2: setting machining parameters and cutter back-off parameters;
and step 3: setting an oblique cutter back-off amount;
and 4, step 4: simulating the machining, generating and cutter relieving;
and 5: checking whether the cutter gives way to interfere with the machined tooth surface of the workpiece or not, if not, continuing to simulate, otherwise, returning to the step 3, and adjusting the oblique cutter giving way;
step 6: repeating the step 4 to the step 5;
and 7: the machine tool is adjusted according to the simulation machining equipment to ensure that the actual machining is free from interference and can be in place at one time without repetition;
the specific operation in the step 1 is that a tooth profile diagram and an outline diagram of a cutter are drawn, a workpiece outline diagram and a cutter diagram are drawn in the same graph, the initial positions of the workpiece outline diagram and the cutter diagram are placed according to actual machining positions, and the initial positions are set for machining and cutter back-off simulation;
the specific operation in the step 3 is that radial cutter back-off is firstly used for eliminating cutter back-off interference, and an oblique cutter back-off function is not needed; when the radial cutter back-off is used, the oblique cutter back-off is added when the interference cannot be completely eliminated, and the oblique cutter back-off amount is set to be 0 during the first simulation.
2. The method of verifying and eliminating gear machining back-off interference according to claim 1, wherein: the specific operation in the step 2 is to design processing parameters according to the requirements of the number of teeth, the modulus and the processing precision of the workpiece, and the method comprises the following steps: and the circumferential feeding amount, the processing depth and the radial cutter back-off amount are used for setting a starting environment for processing and cutter back-off simulation.
3. The method of verifying and eliminating gear machining back-off interference according to claim 1, wherein: and in the step 4, specifically, programming is carried out by utilizing the initial environment set in the steps 1-3, and gear machining and cutter relieving are automatically simulated.
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| CN202010676908.XA CN111889812B (en) | 2020-07-14 | 2020-07-14 | Method for detecting and eliminating cutter back-off interference in gear machining |
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| CN202010676908.XA CN111889812B (en) | 2020-07-14 | 2020-07-14 | Method for detecting and eliminating cutter back-off interference in gear machining |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4838782B2 (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2011-12-14 | オークマ株式会社 | Machine tool numerical control device |
| CN102922054A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-02-13 | 蚌埠市鑫友回转支承有限公司 | Oblique tool retracting device of gear shaping machine |
| CN104021303B (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2017-02-15 | 中国北方车辆研究所 | Spiral bevel gear profiled tooth surface profiling method based on actual measurement load spectrum |
| CN106271874B (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2019-10-11 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of unilateral skiving tool feeding method for allowing knife radial feed |
| CN108763819B (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2022-04-19 | 西安法士特汽车传动有限公司 | Method for verifying whether tool retracting interference exists in gear slotting machining process |
| CN110968917A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-04-07 | 安徽合力股份有限公司 | Envelope slotting high-order multi-section deformation elliptic gear pair parametric design method |
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