CN111889690A - Full-automatic vacuum tight coupling gas atomization device and method thereof - Google Patents
Full-automatic vacuum tight coupling gas atomization device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111889690A CN111889690A CN202010810799.6A CN202010810799A CN111889690A CN 111889690 A CN111889690 A CN 111889690A CN 202010810799 A CN202010810799 A CN 202010810799A CN 111889690 A CN111889690 A CN 111889690A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/088—Fluid nozzles, e.g. angle, distance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0888—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid casting construction of the melt process, apparatus, intermediate reservoir, e.g. tundish, devices for temperature control
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-automatic vacuum tight coupling gas atomization device and a method thereof, wherein the device comprises a smelting chamber, an atomization chamber, a crucible, a tundish system, a worm and gear mechanism, a servo motor, a frequency converter and a central processing system; the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber are horizontally attached in parallel up and down, a tundish system is further horizontally arranged on the bottom surface in the smelting chamber, an inlet at the upper end of the tundish system is communicated with the inside of the smelting chamber, and an outlet at the lower end of the tundish system is communicated with the inside of the atomizing chamber; a crucible is obliquely arranged on one side in the smelting chamber, a rotating shaft of the crucible obliquely extends downwards out of the smelting chamber and is in linkage connection with the output end of the servo motor through a worm and gear mechanism; and a frequency converter and a central processing system are respectively arranged outside the smelting chamber, and the frequency converter is respectively electrically connected with the servo motor and the central processing system. The invention realizes the full-automatic production of industrial-grade gas atomization equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal powder preparation by vacuum gas atomization, in particular to a full-automatic vacuum tight coupling gas atomization device and a method thereof.
Background
The 3D printing technology is based on a digital model file, uses materials such as powdered metal or plastic and the like to manufacture products by a layer-by-layer accumulation method, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing reticular and hollow customized products. Compared with the conventional art, the technology does not need to manufacture a special die and does not generate cutting waste, so the technology is developed rapidly in the world. At present, the 3D printing technology is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, medical treatment, mold manufacturing and the like, wherein the metal 3D printing technology belongs to the outstanding part in the 3D printing industry, and the strength and the rigidity of a product manufactured by the technology can meet the actual requirements. However, compared with the international metal 3D printing industry, the research and development of our country still has a certain gap in this respect, and especially in both the research and development of materials and the printing equipment, researchers in our country still need to make constant research and search.
For metal powder for 3D printing, the powder parameters have high requirements: high purity of chemical components, certain particle size distribution, high sphericity of powder, good fluidity and loose packing density meeting certain requirements. Compared with mechanical ball milling and electrochemical methods, the vacuum induction melting inert gas atomization method (VIGA technology) is the mainstream method for producing high-performance spherical metal powder at present due to the advantages of high production efficiency, high powder sphericity, low oxygen content and the like. In general, the VIGA technology adopts a crucible smelting mode, that is, metal is added into a crucible, induction heating is performed on the metal through medium-frequency electricity to melt the metal into molten steel, then the molten steel is poured into a tundish, molten steel with a certain diameter flows out through a flow guide nozzle below the tundish, and high-pressure inert gas is used for atomizing and cooling the molten steel to obtain metal powder.
In the traditional VIGA production mode, skilled operators are required to observe the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish during atomization, and a hydraulic rod controller is used for operating the crucible to perform tilting and remelting, so that the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish is 1/3-1/2 of the total height of the tundish, namely, the molten steel is poured. And the field operation personnel need to pay attention to whether the tundish system has a steel leakage phenomenon or not and a large nodulation phenomenon below the spray plate at any time: the steel leakage phenomenon can cause that high-temperature molten steel damages a tundish heater, even a manhole plate, a spray plate and the like; if the large nodules do not fall off finally, the large nodules can block the discharge spout, and finally atomization fails. If the two phenomena occur, the operator needs to return the furnace immediately and then perform subsequent operation after the equipment is cooled. Because during steel casting atomization, operators need to pay attention to a plurality of minutiae points, and the traditional hydraulic control mode is poor in stability and low in sensitivity, higher requirements are provided for the operators, and the industrial production process of the VIGA technology is seriously influenced. Therefore, how to realize the full-automatic production of industrial-grade gas atomization equipment and reduce the dependence on people becomes a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a full-automatic vacuum tight coupling gas atomization device and a method thereof, and realizing full-automatic production of industrial-grade gas atomization equipment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention discloses a full-automatic vacuum tight coupling gas atomization device and a method thereof, and has the innovation points that: the device comprises a smelting chamber, an atomizing chamber, a crucible, a tundish system, a worm gear mechanism, a servo motor, a frequency converter and a central processing system; the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber are horizontally attached in parallel up and down, a tundish system is further horizontally arranged on the bottom surface in the smelting chamber, an inlet at the upper end of the tundish system is communicated with the inside of the smelting chamber, and an outlet at the lower end of the tundish system is communicated with the inside of the atomizing chamber; a crucible is obliquely arranged on one side in the smelting chamber, a rotating shaft of the crucible obliquely extends downwards out of the smelting chamber and is in linkage connection with the output end of the servo motor through a worm and gear mechanism; and a frequency converter and a central processing system are respectively arranged outside the smelting chamber, and the frequency converter is respectively electrically connected with the servo motor and the central processing system.
Preferably, the automatic feeding device further comprises a hydraulic station, a hydraulic cylinder, a first gear, a second gear, a first motor and a feeding manipulator; a hydraulic cylinder is vertically arranged on one side of a furnace cover of the smelting chamber, and the movable end of the hydraulic cylinder is vertically and fixedly connected with the furnace cover of the smelting chamber and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber to ascend or descend; a feeding manipulator and a hydraulic station are respectively arranged outside the smelting chamber, and the hydraulic station is in driving connection with the hydraulic cylinder and is electrically connected with the central processing system; a first gear is horizontally sleeved and fixedly arranged at the upper position of the movable end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the first gear is arranged above a furnace cover of the smelting chamber; a second gear is horizontally arranged above one side of the first gear, the second gear is in linkage connection with the output end of the first motor, and the first motor is electrically connected with the central processing system; the hydraulic station drives the hydraulic cylinder and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber to rise until the first gear is meshed with the second gear, the first motor drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber to rotate, and automatic feeding is carried out through the matching of the feeding mechanical arm.
Preferably, the tundish system comprises a tundish heater, a graphite sleeve, a small graphite sleeve, a discharge spout, a heating cap, a tundish and a spray plate; the tundish heater and the spray plate are horizontally arranged at an upper-lower interval, a graphite sleeve is sleeved in the tundish heater coaxially, the graphite sleeve is of a U-shaped structure with an open upper end, a tundish is sleeved in the tundish heater coaxially, the tundish is of a V-shaped structure with an open upper end, and the interior of the tundish is communicated with the interior of the smelting chamber; the small graphite sleeve is of a vertically arranged revolving body structure, the upper end and the lower end of the small graphite sleeve are respectively provided with an external thread, the small graphite sleeve is embedded in the middle position of the bottom of the tundish heater, the upper end of the small graphite sleeve vertically extends upwards, and the small graphite sleeve is sequentially in threaded connection with the middle position of the bottom of the graphite sleeve and the middle position of the bottom of the tundish; the interior of the small graphite sleeve is communicated with the interior of the tundish, the lower end of the small graphite sleeve is also coaxially sleeved with a heating cap, the upper end of the heating cap is in threaded connection with the lower end of the small graphite sleeve, and the lower end of the heating cap vertically extends downwards out of the tundish heater and is fixedly connected with the middle position of the spray plate in a threaded manner; the inside of the heating cap is also provided with a discharge spout in a sleeved mode with the same axis, the inlet end of the discharge spout is communicated with the inside of the tundish through a small graphite sleeve, and the outlet end of the discharge spout is communicated with the inside of the atomizing chamber through a spraying disc.
Preferably, a first industrial camera is also obliquely and fixedly arranged on one side above the smelting chamber, adopts a machine vision technology, and is electrically connected with the central processing system; the monitoring end of the first industrial camera is obliquely and downwards arranged towards the direction of the tundish system, and the liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish is monitored; the liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish is 1/3-1/2 of the total height of the tundish.
Preferably, a second industrial camera is also obliquely and fixedly arranged at an upper position of one side of the atomizing chamber, adopts a machine vision technology, and is electrically connected with the central processing system; and the monitoring end of the second industrial camera is obliquely and upwards arranged towards the direction of the discharge spout through the atomizing chamber, and is used for monitoring whether the phenomenon of steel leakage or oversize accretion occurs.
Preferably, a first infrared thermometer and a second infrared thermometer are fixedly arranged right above a furnace cover of the smelting chamber at intervals from left to right; the first infrared thermometer is electrically connected with the central processing system, the monitoring end of the first infrared thermometer is arranged in a downward inclined manner towards the crucible, and the temperature of the molten steel in the crucible is monitored; the second infrared thermometer is electrically connected with the central processing system, the monitoring end of the second infrared thermometer is arranged in a downward inclined manner towards the direction of the tundish system, and the preheating temperature in the tundish is monitored; the first infrared thermometer and the second infrared thermometer are both in 1RH model and both in two-color mode.
Preferably, the servo motor and the crucible are connected in a gear transmission mode or a gear and rack transmission mode.
Preferably, the device also comprises a vacuum pipeline, a mechanical pump, a roots pump, a first pneumatic valve, a first argon pipeline, a third pneumatic valve, a second argon pipeline, a fifth pneumatic valve and a vacuum gauge; one end of the vacuum pipeline is sequentially connected with the roots pump and the mechanical pump, the other end of the vacuum pipeline is respectively communicated with the middle position inside the smelting chamber and the upper position inside the atomizing chamber in a sealing way, and a first pneumatic valve is arranged on the vacuum pipeline close to the output end of the roots pump; one end of the first argon introducing pipeline is fixedly arranged at a position lower than the outer side wall of the atomizing chamber and is communicated with the inside of the atomizing chamber in a sealing way, and a third pneumatic valve is further arranged on the first argon introducing pipeline; one end of the second argon-flowing pipeline is fixedly arranged on one side of the lower surface of the smelting chamber, and is in sealed communication with the lower part of the outlet end of the discharge spout through a spray plate, and a fifth pneumatic valve is further arranged on the second argon-flowing pipeline; the outer side wall middle position of the atomizing chamber is also provided with a vacuum gauge in an embedded mode, the vacuum gauge is electrically connected with the central processing system, and the monitoring end of the vacuum gauge faces towards the inner direction of the atomizing chamber.
Preferably, the powder collecting device further comprises a powder collecting tank, a second pneumatic valve, a fourth pneumatic valve, a filter and a high-pressure fan; the lower end of the atomizing chamber is communicated with the input end of the powder collecting tank in a sealing way, and the lower end of the powder collecting tank is also provided with a second pneumatic valve in a sealing way; the output end of the powder collecting tank is communicated with the filter in a sealing way, and a fourth pneumatic valve is arranged between the output end of the powder collecting tank and the filter; the filter is communicated with the high-pressure fan in a sealing mode.
The invention discloses an atomization method of a full-automatic vacuum tight coupling atomization device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) charging: firstly, a hydraulic cylinder is driven by a hydraulic station to drive a furnace cover of a smelting chamber to rise until a first gear is meshed with a second gear; then the first motor drives the second gear to rotate and drives a furnace cover of the smelting chamber to rotate by 90 degrees and then stop, and then the feeding mechanical arm starts to move the raw materials into the crucible; after the charging is finished, the first motor rotates reversely by 90 degrees to return to the initial position, then the hydraulic station drives the hydraulic cylinder and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber to descend until the furnace cover is closed;
(2) vacuumizing: starting a mechanical pump and a first pneumatic valve, and vacuumizing a smelting chamber and an atomizing chamber; meanwhile, a second pneumatic valve is started and the powder collecting tank is vacuumized; when the vacuum gauge displays that the pressure in the atomizing chamber is 1400-1500 Pa, starting the roots pump; then, when the vacuum gauge displays that the air pressure in the atomizing chamber is pumped to 5-10 Pa, the roots pump, the first pneumatic valve and the mechanical pump are closed in sequence;
(3) argon backfilling: opening a third pneumatic valve, filling low-pressure argon, and closing the third pneumatic valve when the vacuum gauge displays that the pressure in the atomizing chamber is 101-105 KPa;
(4) smelting: electrifying the crucible and the tundish system, and heating the raw material and the graphite through electromagnetic induction; when the temperature of the molten steel in the crucible reaches the process atomization temperature and the preheating temperature in the tundish reaches the process preheating temperature, steel pouring is started, the high-pressure fan is started, and the fourth pneumatic valve is started after 10 seconds; then the frequency converter controls the servo motor to rotate according to a speed and time curve acquired during steel casting teaching, and when a second industrial camera catches the molten steel below the discharge spout, a fifth pneumatic valve is opened and high-pressure argon is sprayed for atomization; meanwhile, a first industrial camera acquires actual height data of the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish, the actual height data is compared and analyzed with a liquid level height time curve acquired during steel casting teaching through a central processing system, then a speed time curve of a servo motor is corrected in real time, and the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish is guaranteed to be identical to the liquid level of the molten steel during steel casting teaching and is 1/3-1/2 of the total height of the tundish;
(5) and (4) finishing atomization: when the first industrial camera detects that no molten steel exists in the tundish system, atomization is finished, the servo motor drives the crucible to return to the initial position, then the crucible and the tundish system are powered off in sequence, the fifth pneumatic valve, the fourth pneumatic valve and the high-pressure fan are closed in sequence, and the powder enters a next-stage process after being cooled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the automatic feeding device, the furnace cover of the smelting chamber is hydraulically driven to ascend and descend, the furnace cover ascends until the first gear is meshed with the second gear, then the furnace cover is driven to rotate through the first motor, and then the feeding mechanical arm is matched for feeding, so that automatic feeding is realized;
(2) the graphite small sleeve is of a rotary body structure, the upper end and the lower end of the graphite small sleeve are respectively in threaded connection with the graphite sleeve and the heating cap, the matching precision is high, and the tight combination of a tundish system is realized;
(3) the discharge spout adopted by the invention has smaller size, and compared with the traditional large discharge spout, the discharge spout greatly reduces the cost;
(4) the heating cap plays a role in heating and insulating the discharge spout, so that the phenomena of nodulation and blockage caused by cooling of molten steel are prevented;
(5) after refractory mortar is added into the internal thread hole at the bottom of the tundish, the refractory mortar is connected with the upper end of the small graphite sleeve in a threaded manner, so that the molten steel is prevented from leaking;
(6) according to the automatic control system, the servo motor controls the crucible to rotate through the worm gear mechanism, the liquid level height and the time curve acquired during steel casting teaching are compared with the actual liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish, and the speed time curve of the servo motor is corrected in real time, so that the liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish is always 1/3-1/2 of the total height of the liquid level height, and the closed-loop automatic control of the tilting speed and the returning speed of the crucible is realized;
(7) the industrial cameras are arranged above the furnace cover of the smelting chamber and on the upper side of one side of the atomizing chamber, the steel leakage phenomenon and the nodulation condition can be monitored in real time, if the steel leakage phenomenon and the nodulation condition are overlarge, a signal is sent out to enable the crucible to return to the initial position, and an acousto-optic alarm is sent out, so that the primary emergency treatment measure is completed, and the safety of automatic production is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fully automated vacuum tight coupling aerosolization apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a fully automated vacuum tight coupling aerosolization apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the tundish system in fig. 1.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the morphology of 316L metal powder of 15-53 μm.
FIG. 5 is a morphology chart of 18Ni300 metal powder with a particle size of 15-53 μm.
Wherein, 1-a smelting chamber; 2-an atomization chamber; 3-a crucible; 4-tundish system; 5-a hydraulic station; 6-hydraulic cylinder; 7-a first gear; 8-a second gear; 9-a first motor; 10-a feeding manipulator; 11-a mechanical pump; 12-a first pneumatic valve; 13-a second pneumatic valve; 14-a vacuum gauge; 15-roots pump; 16-a third pneumatic valve; 17-a first infrared thermometer; 18-a second infrared thermometer; 19-a first industrial camera; 20-a second industrial camera; 21-a worm gear mechanism; 22 a servo motor; 23-a frequency converter; 24-a central processing system; 25-high pressure fan; 26-a fourth pneumatic valve; 27-a fifth pneumatic valve; 28-vacuum pipe; 29-first argon gas pipeline; 30-a second argon pipeline; 31-a powder collecting tank; 32-a filter; 401-tundish heater; 402-a graphite sleeve; 403-graphite small sleeve; 404-discharge spout; 405-a heating cap; 406-a tundish; 407-spray plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described by the following detailed description.
The invention relates to a full-automatic vacuum tight coupling gas atomization device and a method thereof, which comprises a smelting chamber 1, an atomization chamber 2, a crucible 3, a tundish system 4, a worm gear mechanism 21, a servo motor 22, a frequency converter 23 and a central processing system 24; the specific structure is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the smelting chamber 1 and the atomizing chamber 2 are horizontally attached in parallel from top to bottom, a tundish system 4 is horizontally arranged on the bottom surface in the smelting chamber 1, an inlet at the upper end of the tundish system 4 is communicated with the inside of the smelting chamber 1, and an outlet at the lower end of the tundish system is communicated with the inside of the atomizing chamber 2.
The tundish system 4 of the invention comprises a tundish heater 401, a graphite sleeve 402, a small graphite sleeve 403, a discharge nozzle 404, a heating cap 405, a tundish 406 and a spray plate 407; as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a tundish heater 401 and a spray plate 407 are horizontally arranged at an interval from top to bottom, a graphite sleeve 402 is coaxially sleeved in the tundish heater 401, the graphite sleeve 402 is of a U-shaped structure with an open upper end, a tundish 406 is coaxially sleeved in the tundish heater, the tundish 406 is of a V-shaped structure with an open upper end, and the interior of the tundish 406 is communicated with the interior of the smelting chamber 1;
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the small graphite sleeve 403 is a vertically-arranged revolving body structure, and the upper end and the lower end of the small graphite sleeve 403 are respectively provided with an external thread, the small graphite sleeve 403 is embedded in the middle of the bottom of the tundish heater 401, and the upper end of the small graphite sleeve 403 extends vertically and upwards and is in threaded connection with the middle of the bottom of the graphite sleeve 402 and the middle of the bottom of the tundish 406 in sequence; the interior of the small graphite sleeve 403 is communicated with the interior of the tundish 406, the lower end of the small graphite sleeve is also coaxially sleeved with a heating cap 405, the upper end of the heating cap 405 is in threaded connection with the lower end of the small graphite sleeve 403, the lower end of the heating cap vertically extends downwards to form the tundish heater 401, and the heating cap is in threaded connection with the middle of the spray plate 407; the inner part of the heating cap 405 is also coaxially sleeved with a discharge spout 404, and the heating cap 405 plays a role in heating and heat preservation on the discharge spout 404, so that the phenomena of nodulation and blockage caused by cooling of molten steel are prevented; the inlet end of the discharge spout 404 communicates with the interior of the tundish 406 through the graphite capsule 403, and the outlet end thereof communicates with the interior of the atomizing chamber 2 through the spray disk 407. The invention adopts the assembly mode of threaded connection, has higher matching precision and realizes the tight combination of the tundish system; wherein, refractory mortar is added into the internal thread hole at the bottom of the tundish 406 and then is connected with the upper end thread of the small graphite sleeve 403, thereby preventing the molten steel from leaking outside.
In the invention, a crucible 3 is also obliquely arranged on one side in a smelting chamber 1, and a rotating shaft of the crucible 3 obliquely extends downwards out of the smelting chamber 1 and is in linkage connection with the output end of a servo motor 22 through a worm gear mechanism 21; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a frequency converter 23 and a central processing system 24 are respectively arranged outside the smelting chamber 1, and the frequency converter 23 is electrically connected with the servo motor 22 and the central processing system 24 respectively; the servo motor 22 and the crucible 3 can be connected by gear transmission or rack-and-pinion transmission, and the central processing system 24 is a processing system adopting the prior art. According to the invention, the servo motor 22 controls the rotation direction and speed of the crucible 3 through the worm gear mechanism 21, so that the crucible 3 is tilted and returned; the frequency converter 23 is connected with the central processing system 24 to receive the speed curve signal and control the servo motor 22 to rotate, and meanwhile, the frequency converter 23 collects the speed curve of the servo motor 22 and transmits the speed curve as a feedback signal to the central processing system 24, so that closed-loop control is realized.
A hydraulic cylinder 6 is also vertically arranged on one side of a furnace cover of a smelting chamber 1, and the movable end of the hydraulic cylinder 6 is vertically and fixedly connected with the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 to ascend or descend; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a feeding manipulator 10 and a hydraulic station 5 are respectively arranged outside the smelting chamber 1, and the hydraulic station 5 is in driving connection with a hydraulic cylinder 6 and is electrically connected with a central processing system 24; a first gear 7 is horizontally sleeved and fixedly arranged at the upper position of the movable end of the hydraulic cylinder 6, and the first gear 7 is arranged above a furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1; a second gear 8 is horizontally arranged above one side of the first gear 7, the second gear 8 is in linkage connection with the output end of a first motor 9, and the first motor 9 is electrically connected with a central processing system 24; according to the automatic feeding device, a hydraulic cylinder 6 is driven by a hydraulic station 5, a furnace cover of a smelting chamber 1 is driven to ascend until a first gear 7 is meshed with a second gear 8, the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 is driven to rotate by a first motor 9, and an automatic feeding process of ascending the furnace cover → rotating the furnace cover → feeding → revolving the furnace cover → descending the furnace cover is realized through the cooperation of a feeding manipulator 10.
In the invention, a first industrial camera 19 is also obliquely and fixedly arranged on one side above the smelting chamber 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first industrial camera 19 adopts a machine vision technology and is electrically connected with a central processing system 24; the monitoring end of the first industrial camera 19 is arranged obliquely downwards towards the direction of the tundish system 4 and monitors the liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish 406; wherein the liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish 406 is 1/3-1/2 of the total height of the tundish 406. In the invention, a first industrial camera 19 monitors whether the smelting chamber 1 has a steel leakage phenomenon in real time through information such as pixel distribution, color, brightness and the like, if the steel leakage phenomenon occurs, a signal is sent to a central processing system 24, then a servo motor 22 drives a crucible 3 to return to an initial position, and an acousto-optic alarm is sent.
In the present invention, a second industrial camera 20 is further obliquely and fixedly disposed on a side of the atomizing chamber 2, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the second industrial camera 20 employs a machine vision technology and is electrically connected to a central processing system 24; the monitoring end of the second industrial camera 20 is obliquely and upwards arranged towards the direction of the discharge spout 404 through the atomizing chamber 2, and monitors whether the phenomenon of steel leakage or oversize accretion occurs or not; if the steel leakage phenomenon or the nodule size is overlarge, a signal is sent to enable the crucible 3 to return to the initial position, and an acousto-optic alarm is sent out, so that primary emergency treatment measures are completed, and the safety of automatic production is improved.
A first infrared thermometer 17 and a second infrared thermometer 18 are fixedly arranged right above a furnace cover of a smelting chamber 1 at intervals from left to right; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first infrared thermometer 17 is electrically connected to the central processing system 24, and its monitoring end is disposed obliquely downward toward the crucible 3, and monitors the temperature of the molten steel in the crucible 3; the second infrared thermometer 18 is electrically connected with the central processing system 24, and the monitoring end of the second infrared thermometer is arranged obliquely downwards towards the direction of the tundish system 4 and monitors the preheating temperature in the tundish 406; the first infrared thermometer 17 and the second infrared thermometer 18 are both 1RH in model and both adopt a two-color mode. In the invention, the temperature data measured by the first infrared thermometer 17 and the second infrared thermometer 18 are respectively transmitted to the central processing system 24 through data lines, and if both the temperatures reach the steel casting process requirement, the central processing system 24 sends a command of 'starting steel casting'.
In addition, for the fixed process production, that is, when the metal mark, the charge amount, the size of the spray plate and the atomization pressure are the same, an operator generally performs "steel casting teaching", the frequency converter 23 collects the speed and time curve of the servo motor 22, the first industrial camera 19 collects the change curve of the liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish 406 along with the time by using the machine vision technology, and transmits the data of the two curves to the central processing system 24 for storage.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, one end of the vacuum pipe 28 is connected to the roots pump 15 and the mechanical pump 11 in this order, and the other end is in sealed communication with the middle position inside the melting chamber 1 and the upper position inside the atomizing chamber 2, respectively, and the vacuum pipe 28 is further provided with a first pneumatic valve 12 at the output end of the roots pump.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, one end of the first argon gas introducing pipe 29 is fixedly disposed at a position lower than the outer side wall of the atomizing chamber 2, and is hermetically communicated with the inside of the atomizing chamber 2, and the third pneumatic valve 16 is further disposed on the first argon gas introducing pipe 29.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, one end of the second argon gas introducing pipe 30 is fixedly arranged on one side of the lower surface of the melting chamber 1, and is hermetically communicated with the lower part of the outlet end of the discharge spout 404 through a spray plate 407, and a fifth air-operated valve 27 is further arranged on the second argon gas introducing pipe 30.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a vacuum gauge 14 is embedded in the middle of the outer sidewall of the atomizing chamber 2, the vacuum gauge 14 is electrically connected to a central processing system 24, and the monitoring end of the vacuum gauge 14 is disposed toward the inside of the atomizing chamber 2.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lower end of the atomizing chamber 2 is in sealed communication with the input end of the powder collecting tank 31, and the lower end of the powder collecting tank 31 is further provided with a second air-operated valve 13 in sealed communication; the output end of the powder collecting tank 31 is hermetically communicated with the filter 32, and a fourth pneumatic valve 26 is arranged between the output end of the powder collecting tank and the filter; the filter 32 is in sealed communication with the high pressure blower 25.
Example one
Taking the preparation of 316L stainless steel metal powder for 3D printing as an example, the gas atomization method of the full-automatic vacuum tight coupling gas atomization device comprises the following steps:
(1) charging: the central processing system 24 sends a 'charging' instruction, the hydraulic station 5 drives the hydraulic cylinder 6 to drive the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 to rise until the first gear 7 is meshed with the second gear 7; then the first motor 9 drives the second gear 7 to rotate, and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 to rotate by 90 degrees and then stop, and then the feeding mechanical arm 10 starts to move 316L bars into the crucible 3; when the charging amount reaches 220kg, the first motor 9 rotates reversely by 90 degrees to return to the initial position, then the hydraulic station 5 drives the hydraulic cylinder 6 and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 to descend until the furnace cover is closed, and the automatic charging process is realized.
(2) Vacuumizing: the central processing system 24 sends a vacuum pumping command, the mechanical pump 11 and the first pneumatic valve 12 are started, and the smelting chamber 1 and the atomizing chamber 2 are pumped to be vacuum; simultaneously, the second pneumatic valve 13 is opened and the powder collection tank 31 is vacuumized; when the vacuum gauge 14 displays that the pressure in the atomizing chamber 2 is 1400-1500 Pa, the roots pump 15 is started; then, when the vacuum gauge 14 indicates that the air pressure in the atomizing chamber 2 is pumped up to 10Pa, the roots pump 15, the first pneumatic valve 12, and the mechanical pump 11 are sequentially closed.
(3) Argon backfilling: the central processing system 24 issues an "argon backfill" command, which opens the third pneumatic valve 16 and fills with low pressure argon, and closes the third pneumatic valve 16 when the vacuum gauge 14 indicates a pressure of 103KPa inside the nebulization chamber 2.
(4) Smelting: the central processing system 24 sends out a smelting command, the crucible 3 and the tundish system 4 are electrified, and the raw materials and the graphite are heated through electromagnetic induction; when the temperature of the molten steel in the crucible 3 reaches the process atomization temperature and the preheating temperature in the tundish 406 reaches the process preheating temperature, the central processing system 24 sends a command of 'casting steel beginning', the high-pressure fan 25 is started, and the fourth pneumatic valve 26 is started after 10 seconds; then the frequency converter 23 controls the servo motor 22 to rotate according to the speed and time curve collected during steel casting teaching, and when the second industrial camera 20 catches the molten steel below the discharge spout 404, the fifth pneumatic valve 27 is opened and high-pressure argon is sprayed for atomization; meanwhile, the first industrial camera 19 collects the actual height data of the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish 406, the actual height data is compared and analyzed with a liquid level height time curve collected during steel casting teaching through the central processing system 24, then the speed time curve of the servo motor 22 is corrected in real time, the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish 406 is ensured to be the same as the situation during steel casting teaching and is located at 1/3-1/2 of the total height of the tundish 406, and the safe and automatic production of closed-loop control is realized;
in the steps, the pouring temperature of the molten steel is about 1600 +/-30 ℃, the power of an electromagnetic induction coil of the tundish 406 is 10-20 kW, the heating temperature of the tundish system 4 is not lower than 1200 ℃, the diameter of the outlet end of the discharge spout 404 is 5mm, and the atomization pressure is 5 Mpa.
(5) And (4) finishing atomization: when the first industrial camera 19 detects that no molten steel exists in the tundish system 3, the central processing system 24 sends an atomization ending instruction, the servo motor 22 drives the crucible 3 to return to the initial position, then the crucible 3 and the tundish system 4 are powered off in sequence, the fifth pneumatic valve 27, the fourth pneumatic valve 26 and the high-pressure fan 25 are closed in sequence, the powder enters a next-stage process after being cooled, and the industrial-grade full-automatic gas atomization process is realized
In the steps, 316L metal powder with the diameter of 15-53 mu m can be prepared by screening and air flow classification; the particle size is measured by a laser particle sizer, the D50 value is 27 mu m-35 mu m-50, and the morphology of the powder is shown in figure 4.
Example two
Taking preparation of 18Ni300 stainless steel metal powder for 3D printing as an example, the gas atomization method of the full-automatic vacuum tight coupling gas atomization device comprises the following steps:
(1) charging: the central processing system 24 sends a 'charging' command, the hydraulic station 5 drives the hydraulic cylinder 6 to drive the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 to rise until the first gear 7 is meshed with the second gear 8; then, the first motor 9 drives the second gear 8 to rotate, and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 to rotate by 90 degrees and then stop, and then the feeding manipulator 10 starts to move the 18Ni300 bar into the crucible; when the charging amount reaches 210kg, the first motor 9 rotates reversely by 90 degrees to return to the initial position, then the hydraulic station 5 drives the hydraulic cylinder 6 and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 to descend until the furnace cover is closed, and the automatic charging process is realized.
(2) Vacuumizing: the central processing system 24 sends a vacuum pumping command, the mechanical pump 11 and the first pneumatic valve 12 are started, and the smelting chamber 1 and the atomizing chamber 2 are pumped to be vacuum; simultaneously, the second pneumatic valve 13 is opened and the powder collection tank 31 is vacuumized; when the vacuum gauge 14 displays that the pressure in the atomizing chamber 2 is 1400-1500 Pa, the roots pump 15 is started; then, when the vacuum gauge 14 indicates that the air pressure in the atomizing chamber 2 is pumped up to 10Pa, the roots pump 15, the first pneumatic valve 12, and the mechanical pump 11 are sequentially closed.
(3) Argon backfilling: the central processing system 24 issues an "argon backfill" command, which opens the third pneumatic valve 16 and fills with low pressure argon, and closes the third pneumatic valve 16 when the vacuum gauge 14 indicates a pressure of 103KPa inside the nebulization chamber 2.
(4) Smelting: the central processing system 24 sends out a smelting command, the crucible 3 and the tundish system 4 are electrified, and the raw materials and the graphite are heated through electromagnetic induction; when the temperature of the molten steel in the crucible 3 reaches the process atomization temperature and the preheating temperature in the tundish 406 reaches the process preheating temperature, the central processing system 24 sends a command of 'casting steel beginning', the high-pressure fan 25 is started, and the fourth pneumatic valve 26 is started after 10 seconds; then the frequency converter 23 controls the servo motor 22 to rotate according to the speed and time curve collected during steel casting teaching, and when the second industrial camera 20 catches the molten steel below the discharge spout 404, the fifth pneumatic valve 27 is opened and high-pressure argon is sprayed for atomization; meanwhile, the first industrial camera 19 collects the actual height data of the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish 406, compares and analyzes the actual height data with a liquid level height time curve collected during steel casting teaching through the central processing system 24, corrects the speed time curve of the servo motor 22 in real time, ensures that the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish 406 is the same as the situation during steel casting teaching and is positioned at 1/3-1/2 of the total height of the tundish, and realizes the safe and automatic production of closed-loop control;
in the steps, the pouring temperature of the molten steel is about 1620 +/-30 ℃, the power of an electromagnetic induction coil of the tundish 406 is 10-20 kW, the heating temperature of the tundish system 4 is not lower than 1200 ℃, the diameter of the outlet end of the discharge spout 404 is 4mm, and the atomization pressure is 5.5 MPa.
(5) And (4) finishing atomization: when the first industrial camera 19 detects that no molten steel exists in the tundish system 4, the central processing system 24 sends an atomization ending instruction, the servo motor 22 drives the crucible 3 to return to the initial position, then the crucible 3 and the tundish system 4 are powered off in sequence, the fifth pneumatic valve 27, the fourth pneumatic valve 26 and the high-pressure fan 25 are closed in sequence, the powder enters a next-stage process after being cooled, and the industrial-grade full-automatic gas atomization process is realized
In the steps, 18Ni300 metal powder with the diameter of 15-53 mu m can be prepared by screening and airflow classification; the particle size is measured by a laser particle sizer, the D50 value is 25 mu m-32 mu m, D50 is 25 mu m-32 mu m, and the morphology of the powder is shown in figure 5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the automatic feeding device, the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 is hydraulically driven to lift, the furnace cover rises until the first gear 7 is meshed with the second gear 8, then the furnace cover is driven to rotate through the first motor 9, and then the feeding is carried out by matching with the feeding manipulator 10, so that automatic feeding is realized;
(2) according to the invention, the small graphite sleeve 403 is of a revolving body structure, the upper end and the lower end of the small graphite sleeve are respectively in threaded connection with the graphite sleeve 402 and the heating cap 405, the matching precision is high, and the tight combination of the tundish system 4 is realized;
(3) the discharge spout 404 adopted by the invention has smaller size, and compared with the traditional large discharge spout, the cost is greatly reduced;
(4) in the invention, the heating cap 405 plays a role in heating and insulating the discharge spout 404, thereby preventing the phenomena of nodulation and blockage caused by cooling molten steel;
(5) in the invention, after refractory mortar is added into the internal thread hole at the bottom of the tundish 406, the refractory mortar is connected with the upper end of the small graphite sleeve 403 in a threaded manner, thereby preventing the molten steel from leaking outside;
(6) according to the invention, the servo motor 22 controls the crucible 3 to rotate through the worm gear mechanism 21, and then the liquid level height and the time curve acquired during steel casting teaching are compared with the actual liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish 406 for analysis, and the speed time curve of the servo motor 22 is corrected in real time, so that the liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish 406 is always in 1/3-1/2 of the total height, and the closed-loop automatic control of the tilting speed and the returning speed of the crucible 3 is realized;
(7) the industrial cameras are arranged above the furnace cover of the smelting chamber 1 and on the upper side of one side of the atomizing chamber 2, so that the steel leakage phenomenon and the nodulation condition can be monitored in real time, and if the steel leakage phenomenon and the nodulation condition are overlarge, a signal is sent to enable the crucible 3 to return to the initial position, and an acousto-optic alarm is sent, so that the primary emergency treatment measure is completed, and the safety of automatic production is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall into the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the design concept of the present invention, and the technical contents of the present invention as claimed are all described in the technical claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a full automatic tight coupling gas atomization device in vacuum which characterized in that: the device comprises a smelting chamber, an atomizing chamber, a crucible, a tundish system, a worm gear mechanism, a servo motor, a frequency converter and a central processing system; the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber are horizontally attached in parallel up and down, a tundish system is further horizontally arranged on the bottom surface in the smelting chamber, an inlet at the upper end of the tundish system is communicated with the inside of the smelting chamber, and an outlet at the lower end of the tundish system is communicated with the inside of the atomizing chamber; a crucible is obliquely arranged on one side in the smelting chamber, a rotating shaft of the crucible obliquely extends downwards out of the smelting chamber and is in linkage connection with the output end of the servo motor through a worm and gear mechanism; and a frequency converter and a central processing system are respectively arranged outside the smelting chamber, and the frequency converter is respectively electrically connected with the servo motor and the central processing system.
2. The fully automated vacuum tight-coupling aerosolization apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the automatic feeding device also comprises a hydraulic station, a hydraulic cylinder, a first gear, a second gear, a first motor and a feeding manipulator; a hydraulic cylinder is vertically arranged on one side of a furnace cover of the smelting chamber, and the movable end of the hydraulic cylinder is vertically and fixedly connected with the furnace cover of the smelting chamber and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber to ascend or descend; a feeding manipulator and a hydraulic station are respectively arranged outside the smelting chamber, and the hydraulic station is in driving connection with the hydraulic cylinder and is electrically connected with the central processing system; a first gear is horizontally sleeved and fixedly arranged at the upper position of the movable end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the first gear is arranged above a furnace cover of the smelting chamber; a second gear is horizontally arranged above one side of the first gear, the second gear is in linkage connection with the output end of the first motor, and the first motor is electrically connected with the central processing system; the hydraulic station drives the hydraulic cylinder and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber to rise until the first gear is meshed with the second gear, the first motor drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber to rotate, and automatic feeding is carried out through the matching of the feeding mechanical arm.
3. The fully automated vacuum tight-coupling aerosolization apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the tundish system comprises a tundish heater, a graphite sleeve, a small graphite sleeve, a discharge spout, a heating cap, a tundish and a spray plate; the tundish heater and the spray plate are horizontally arranged at an upper-lower interval, a graphite sleeve is sleeved in the tundish heater coaxially, the graphite sleeve is of a U-shaped structure with an open upper end, a tundish is sleeved in the tundish heater coaxially, the tundish is of a V-shaped structure with an open upper end, and the interior of the tundish is communicated with the interior of the smelting chamber; the small graphite sleeve is of a vertically arranged revolving body structure, the upper end and the lower end of the small graphite sleeve are respectively provided with an external thread, the small graphite sleeve is embedded in the middle position of the bottom of the tundish heater, the upper end of the small graphite sleeve vertically extends upwards, and the small graphite sleeve is sequentially in threaded connection with the middle position of the bottom of the graphite sleeve and the middle position of the bottom of the tundish; the interior of the small graphite sleeve is communicated with the interior of the tundish, the lower end of the small graphite sleeve is also coaxially sleeved with a heating cap, the upper end of the heating cap is in threaded connection with the lower end of the small graphite sleeve, and the lower end of the heating cap vertically extends downwards out of the tundish heater and is fixedly connected with the middle position of the spray plate in a threaded manner; the inside of the heating cap is also provided with a discharge spout in a sleeved mode with the same axis, the inlet end of the discharge spout is communicated with the inside of the tundish through a small graphite sleeve, and the outlet end of the discharge spout is communicated with the inside of the atomizing chamber through a spraying disc.
4. The fully automated vacuum tight-coupling aerosolization apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a first industrial camera is obliquely and fixedly arranged on one side above the smelting chamber, adopts a machine vision technology and is electrically connected with the central processing system; the monitoring end of the first industrial camera is obliquely and downwards arranged towards the direction of the tundish system, and the liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish is monitored; the liquid level height of the molten steel in the tundish is 1/3-1/2 of the total height of the tundish.
5. The fully automated vacuum tight-coupling aerosolization apparatus of claim 3, wherein: a second industrial camera is also obliquely and fixedly arranged at the position above one side of the atomizing chamber, adopts the machine vision technology and is electrically connected with the central processing system; and the monitoring end of the second industrial camera is obliquely and upwards arranged towards the direction of the discharge spout through the atomizing chamber, and is used for monitoring whether the phenomenon of steel leakage or oversize accretion occurs.
6. The fully automated vacuum tight-coupling aerosolization apparatus of claim 3, wherein: a first infrared thermometer and a second infrared thermometer are fixedly arranged right above the furnace cover of the smelting chamber at intervals from left to right; the first infrared thermometer is electrically connected with the central processing system, the monitoring end of the first infrared thermometer is arranged in a downward inclined manner towards the crucible, and the temperature of the molten steel in the crucible is monitored; the second infrared thermometer is electrically connected with the central processing system, the monitoring end of the second infrared thermometer is arranged in a downward inclined manner towards the direction of the tundish system, and the preheating temperature in the tundish is monitored; the first infrared thermometer and the second infrared thermometer are both in 1RH model and both in two-color mode.
7. The fully automated vacuum tight-coupling aerosolization apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the servo motor and the crucible can be connected in a gear transmission or gear and rack transmission mode.
8. The fully automated vacuum tight-coupling aerosolization apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the device also comprises a vacuum pipeline, a mechanical pump, a roots pump, a first pneumatic valve, a first argon pipeline, a third pneumatic valve, a second argon pipeline, a fifth pneumatic valve and a vacuum gauge; one end of the vacuum pipeline is sequentially connected with the roots pump and the mechanical pump, the other end of the vacuum pipeline is respectively communicated with the middle position inside the smelting chamber and the upper position inside the atomizing chamber in a sealing way, and a first pneumatic valve is arranged on the vacuum pipeline close to the output end of the roots pump; one end of the first argon introducing pipeline is fixedly arranged at a position lower than the outer side wall of the atomizing chamber and is communicated with the inside of the atomizing chamber in a sealing way, and a third pneumatic valve is further arranged on the first argon introducing pipeline; one end of the second argon-flowing pipeline is fixedly arranged on one side of the lower surface of the smelting chamber, and is in sealed communication with the lower part of the outlet end of the discharge spout through a spray plate, and a fifth pneumatic valve is further arranged on the second argon-flowing pipeline; the outer side wall middle position of the atomizing chamber is also provided with a vacuum gauge in an embedded mode, the vacuum gauge is electrically connected with the central processing system, and the monitoring end of the vacuum gauge faces towards the inner direction of the atomizing chamber.
9. The fully automated vacuum tight-coupling aerosolization apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the powder collecting tank, the second pneumatic valve, the fourth pneumatic valve, the filter and the high-pressure fan are further included; the lower end of the atomizing chamber is communicated with the input end of the powder collecting tank in a sealing way, and the lower end of the powder collecting tank is also provided with a second pneumatic valve in a sealing way; the output end of the powder collecting tank is communicated with the filter in a sealing way, and a fourth pneumatic valve is arranged between the output end of the powder collecting tank and the filter; the filter is communicated with the high-pressure fan in a sealing mode.
10. The aerosolization method of a fully automated vacuum tight-coupled aerosolization device according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
(1) charging: firstly, a hydraulic cylinder is driven by a hydraulic station to drive a furnace cover of a smelting chamber to rise until a first gear is meshed with a second gear; then the first motor drives the second gear to rotate and drives a furnace cover of the smelting chamber to rotate by 90 degrees and then stop, and then the feeding mechanical arm starts to move the raw materials into the crucible; after the charging is finished, the first motor rotates reversely by 90 degrees to return to the initial position, then the hydraulic station drives the hydraulic cylinder and drives the furnace cover of the smelting chamber to descend until the furnace cover is closed;
(2) vacuumizing: starting a mechanical pump and a first pneumatic valve, and vacuumizing a smelting chamber and an atomizing chamber; meanwhile, a second pneumatic valve is started and the powder collecting tank is vacuumized; when the vacuum gauge displays that the pressure in the atomizing chamber is 1400-1500 Pa, starting the roots pump; then, when the vacuum gauge displays that the air pressure in the atomizing chamber is pumped to 5-10 Pa, the roots pump, the first pneumatic valve and the mechanical pump are closed in sequence;
(3) argon backfilling: opening a third pneumatic valve, filling low-pressure argon, and closing the third pneumatic valve when the vacuum gauge displays that the pressure in the atomizing chamber is 101-105 KPa;
(4) smelting: electrifying the crucible and the tundish system, and heating the raw material and the graphite through electromagnetic induction; when the temperature of the molten steel in the crucible reaches the process atomization temperature and the preheating temperature in the tundish reaches the process preheating temperature, steel pouring is started, the high-pressure fan is started, and the fourth pneumatic valve is started after 10 seconds; then the frequency converter controls the servo motor to rotate according to a speed and time curve acquired during steel casting teaching, and when a second industrial camera catches the molten steel below the discharge spout, a fifth pneumatic valve is opened and high-pressure argon is sprayed for atomization; meanwhile, a first industrial camera acquires actual height data of the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish, the actual height data is compared and analyzed with a liquid level height time curve acquired during steel casting teaching through a central processing system, then a speed time curve of a servo motor is corrected in real time, and the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish is guaranteed to be identical to the liquid level of the molten steel during steel casting teaching and is 1/3-1/2 of the total height of the tundish;
(5) and (4) finishing atomization: when the first industrial camera detects that no molten steel exists in the tundish system, atomization is finished, the servo motor drives the crucible to return to the initial position, then the crucible and the tundish system are powered off in sequence, the fifth pneumatic valve, the fourth pneumatic valve and the high-pressure fan are closed in sequence, and the powder enters a next-stage process after being cooled.
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