CN111888945B - 一种高精度纳米复合膜 - Google Patents

一种高精度纳米复合膜 Download PDF

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CN111888945B
CN111888945B CN202010758855.6A CN202010758855A CN111888945B CN 111888945 B CN111888945 B CN 111888945B CN 202010758855 A CN202010758855 A CN 202010758855A CN 111888945 B CN111888945 B CN 111888945B
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insulating oil
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CN111888945A (zh
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何潇
周年荣
张林山
谭向宇
黄星
李月梅
闫永梅
杨莉
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Electric Power Research Institute of Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高精度纳米复合膜，包括背靠设置的超疏水层1和过滤层2，超疏水层1和过滤层2外侧分别通过支撑骨架3固定支撑，过滤层2包括依次排列的大孔径过滤层21、中孔径过滤层22和小孔径过滤层23。本发明的复合膜通过多层复合结构能有效保证使用寿命和过滤效果，疏水层能去除绝缘油中的微水，不同孔径级别的过滤层能高效去除绝缘油中的颗粒产物、酸性产物及胶体产物，其结构简单，制备成本低廉，极具实用性和推广性。

Description

一种高精度纳米复合膜
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料领域，具体涉及一种高精度纳米复合膜。
背景技术
超疏水材料由于其优异的超疏水性能，在国防、工农业生产和日常生活中都有着极其广阔的应用前景。例如，用于微流体装置中，可以实现对流体的低阻力、无漏损传送；用于水中运输工具或水下核潜艇上，可以减少水的阻力，提高行驶速度；也可用它来修饰纺织品，做防水和防污的服装等。特别是近年来，由于工业油污水和水面漏油事故对环境造成的危害，使得具有超疏水超亲油性能的仿生纳米材料，成为研究用于油水分离的热点之一。
目前制备超疏水涂层主要有两条途径：一是在粗糙表面修饰低表面能的物质；二是在低表面能物质上构造微纳米级的粗糙度，比如等离子处理法，气相沉积法，溶胶凝胶法等。但是传统的超疏水材料的制备比较繁琐，通过静电纺丝制备得到的有机、无机超疏水纤维膜材料，虽然展现出了其良好的连续性和自清洁性能，然而仍然存在持久性差、机械韧性和耐化学腐蚀性差等缺陷，从而制约了其进一步的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有超疏水涂层持久性差、机械韧性和耐化学腐蚀性差的缺点，提供一种高精度纳米复合膜。
一种高精度纳米复合膜，其关键在于：包括背靠设置的超疏水层和过滤层，所述超疏水层和过滤层外侧分别通过支撑骨架固定支撑，所述过滤层包括依次排列的大孔径过滤层、中孔径过滤层和小孔径过滤层。该方案的效果是：采用复合结构，最底层为纳米纤维提供机械支撑，第一层超疏水层可以分离绝缘油微水，第二层大孔径层可分离绝缘油中大颗粒老化产物，第三层中孔径层用于分离绝缘油中中等粒径颗粒和部分酸性产物，第四层小孔径层具有高荷电密度，可分离绝缘油中亚微米纳米级别颗粒和酸性/胶体产物，复合结构有效的提高了滤膜的过滤精度和使用寿命。
作为优选方案，所述超疏水层采用含氟聚苯并噁嗪树脂和纳米级二氧化硅颗粒修饰的醋酸纤维膜。该方案的效果是：能有效去除绝缘油中的水分。
作为优选方案，所述大孔径过滤层采用聚醚酰亚胺纤维制作。该方案的效果是：能有效分离绝缘油中大颗粒老化产物。
作为优选方案，所述中孔径过滤层采用聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜制作。该方案的效果是：能有效分离绝缘油中的中等大小的颗粒产物和酸性产物。
作为优选方案，所述小孔径过滤层采用超细纤维熔喷修饰的聚偏氟乙烯薄膜制作。该方案的效果是：超细纤维熔喷修饰的聚偏氟乙烯薄膜具有高荷电密度，能有效分离绝缘油中亚微米纳米级别颗粒产物和部分酸性产物。
作为优选方案，所述支撑骨架采用聚丙烯纤维膜制作。该方案的效果是：有效提升复合膜强度保持较长的使用寿命。
有益效果：本发明的一种高精度纳米复合膜，通过多层复合结构能有效保证使用寿命和过滤效果，疏水层能去除绝缘油中的微水，不同孔径级别的过滤层能高效去除绝缘油中的颗粒产物、酸性产物及胶体产物，其结构简单，制备成本低廉，极具实用性和推广性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的层状结构示意图；
图2为场发射电镜观察到的本发明表面形貌图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明：
实施例：如附图1和附图2所示，一种高精度纳米复合膜，包括背靠设置的超疏水层1和过滤层2，超疏水层1和过滤层2外侧分别通过支撑骨架3固定支撑，过滤层2包括依次排列的大孔径过滤层21、中孔径过滤层22和小孔径过滤层23。
在具体实施时，超疏水层1采用含氟聚苯并噁嗪树脂和纳米级二氧化硅颗粒修饰的醋酸纤维膜；大孔径过滤层21采用聚醚酰亚胺纤维制作；中孔径过滤层22采用聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜制作；小孔径过滤层23采用超细纤维熔喷修饰的聚偏氟乙烯薄膜制作；支撑骨架3采用聚丙烯纤维膜制作。
最后需要说明的是，上述描述仅仅为本发明的优选实施例，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不违背本发明宗旨及权利要求的前提下，可以做出多种类似的表示，这样的变换均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种高精度纳米复合膜，其特征在于：包括背靠设置的超疏水层(1)和过滤层(2)，所述超疏水层(1)和过滤层(2)外侧分别通过支撑骨架(3)固定支撑，所述过滤层(2)包括依次排列的大孔径过滤层(21)、中孔径过滤层(22)和小孔径过滤层(23)；
所述超疏水层(1)采用含氟聚苯并噁嗪树脂和纳米级二氧化硅颗粒修饰的醋酸纤维膜；
所述大孔径过滤层(21)采用聚醚酰亚胺纤维制作；
所述中孔径过滤层(22)采用聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜制作；
所述小孔径过滤层(23)采用超细纤维熔喷修饰的聚偏氟乙烯薄膜制作；
所述支撑骨架(3)采用聚丙烯纤维膜制作；
第一层超疏水层(1)可以分离绝缘油微水，第二层大孔径过滤 层(21)可分离绝缘油中大颗粒老化产物，第三层中孔径过滤 层(22)用于分离绝缘油中中等粒径颗粒和部分酸性产物，第四层小孔径过滤 层(23)由超细纤维熔喷修饰的聚偏氟乙烯薄膜制备具有高荷电密度，可分离绝缘油中亚微米纳米级别颗粒和酸性/胶体产物，复合结构有效的提高了滤膜的过滤精度和使用寿命。
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