CN111887120A - 一种轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式 - Google Patents

一种轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式 Download PDF

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CN111887120A
CN111887120A CN202010729963.0A CN202010729963A CN111887120A CN 111887120 A CN111887120 A CN 111887120A CN 202010729963 A CN202010729963 A CN 202010729963A CN 111887120 A CN111887120 A CN 111887120A
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张艺萍
邹凌
许凤
张丽芳
瞿素萍
苏艳
王丽花
陆琳
杨秀梅
蒋亚莲
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Flower Research Institute of YAAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/70Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23Solutions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式,属于生物技术领域,本发明包括1)栽培基质准备:将椰槺和草炭按体积比2:1配制成栽培基质;2)移栽及水肥管理:将天竺葵种苗移栽至栽培基质中,施用配方肥;所述配方肥为每升水中包括硝酸钙1000‑1500mg、硝酸钾250‑300mg、硫酸钾40‑60mg、硫酸镁700‑800mg、磷酸二氢钾300‑400mg、螯合铁11%DTPA 100‑200mg。在天竺葵的垂直栽培中,采用椰槺:草炭(V:V)=2:1的配方作为栽培基质,再配合适宜比例的配方肥,可有效保证天竺葵的正常生长和观赏性,同时该种植模式减轻了垂直栽培模块的重量,保水、养分缓释及透水性较好,有助于天竺葵在垂直绿化中的应用推广。

Description

一种轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体的说,涉及一种轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式。
背景技术
随着我国经济的快速发展,城市化进程的日益加快,高层建筑的不断增加,城市绿地日益减少,改善城市绿化对城市生态问题的解决具有重大意义。垂直绿化是城市立体绿化的重要表现之一,在我国多数城市中有体现,对改善城市生态环境有积极影响,并有利于城市美化和城市规划工作的深入开展。垂直绿化主要由以下几个部分构成:绿色植物、维护设备与硬件(例如浇灌设备)、栽培介质(例如土壤,水或无土基质)。由于垂直绿化栽培模式与其它模式有显著的区别,因此,该模式下对栽培介质有一定的要求,如:生长介质需要有较好的稳固性,考虑到建筑物的承重以及种植的养护和维护难度,还要有较小的容重比(容重小,重量轻)、较好的保水、养分缓释及良好的透水透气性。因此,选择适合垂直绿化的栽培介质一直是该领域的研究重点。
发明内容
为解决天竺葵应用于垂直绿化的栽培技术问题,本发明提供了一种轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式,保证了天竺葵的正常生长和观赏性,减轻了天竺葵垂直栽培模块的重量。
为实现上述目的,本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
所述的轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式,包括如下步骤:
1)栽培基质准备:将椰槺和草炭按体积比2:1配制成栽培基质;
2)移栽及水肥管理:将天竺葵种苗移栽至栽培基质中,施用配方肥;所述配方肥为每升水中包括硝酸钙1000-1500mg、硝酸钾250-300mg、硫酸钾40-60mg、硫酸镁700-800mg、磷酸二氢钾300-400mg、螯合铁11%DTPA 100-200mg。
进一步优选,步骤2)中,所述配方肥为每升水中包括硝酸钙1500mg、硝酸钾300mg、硫酸钾50mg、硫酸镁800mg、磷酸二氢钾400mg、螯合铁11%DTPA 100mg。
进一步优选,将配方肥与水一起进行水肥一体化管理,根据天气情况每天滴灌浇5-8次。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明以椰槺和草炭按2:1的比例配制栽培基质栽培天竺葵,并配合施用配方肥,在天竺葵的垂直无土栽培中,具有较好的保水、养分缓释及良好透水性,保证了天竺葵的正常生长和观赏性,且观赏性显著高于传统方式。同时,该种植模式减轻了垂直栽培模块的重量,更利于天竺葵在垂直绿化中的应用推广。
附图说明
图1是基质容重;图中,a为红土、腐植土、草炭、椰槺的容重;b为传统基质配方(红土+椰糠+腐殖土)、椰槺+腐植土、椰槺+草炭三种基质配方均匀混合后的容重。
图2是不同栽培基质与肥料对天竺葵株高的影响;图中,A为传统基质配方(红土+椰糠+腐殖土),B为椰槺+腐植土,E为椰槺+草炭;Ⅰ为传统复合缓释肥,Ⅱ为配方肥。
图3是不同栽培基质与肥料对天竺葵冠幅的影响;图中,A为传统基质配方(红土+椰糠+腐殖土),B为椰槺+腐植土,E为椰槺+草炭;Ⅰ为传统复合缓释肥,Ⅱ为配方肥。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,下面将对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的说明,以方便技术人员理解。
实施例
1)天竺葵扦插苗的准备:
从天竺葵母本茎顶端开始截取8cm的茎段,每个茎段留上部2片叶。
扦插基质采用腐殖土:草炭:珍珠岩(V:V)=2:3:1。
将处理好的天竺葵插穗在浓度为2g/L的生根粉中浸泡30min后取出,稍晾干后取出扦插于配制好的基质中,扦插深度3cm,浇透水,保持基质湿润。2个月后获得扦插成活且生长健壮的天竺葵扦插苗。
2)栽培基质的准备及移栽:
采用5种基质配方:
S1:红土:椰槺:珍珠岩(V:V)=3:2:1;
S2:椰槺:腐殖土(V:V)=2:1;
S3:椰槺:草炭(V:V)=2:1;
S4:椰槺:草炭(V:V)=3:1;
S5:椰槺:草炭(V:V)=1:1。
将天竺葵扦插苗移栽于装有上述配方基质的栽培盒里,每个栽培盒里移栽2株,移栽后浇透水,一次性施用传统复合缓释肥,并在后期生长过程定期浇水。测定红土、椰糠、珍珠岩、腐殖土及S1、S2、S3配方的容重,比较几种基质配比对天竺葵株高、冠幅和花序的影响。
表1不同基质配比对天竺葵生长的影响
Figure BDA0002602901140000021
由表1可知,椰糠:草炭(V:V)=2:1的株高和冠幅适中,是比较适宜的配比。通过测定各配方容重发现,红土的容重最高,其后依次为腐殖土、草炭和椰槺;红土、椰糠及珍珠岩混合后,该基质配方的容重最大,椰槺加腐殖土其次,椰槺加草炭的容重最小(见图1、表2-3)。因此,选择椰槺:草炭的(V:V)=2:1的配方作为栽培基质更满足天竺葵垂直栽培的要求。但从花序数量来看,应用传统复合缓释肥对花芽形成促进不明显,因此需要对基于单体肥的配方肥进一步研究,以增加花序数量,增强天竺葵在垂直绿化中的观赏效果。
表2不同栽培基质的容重
Figure BDA0002602901140000031
表3不同组合栽培基质的容重
Figure BDA0002602901140000032
3)水肥管理:
a.以效果较好的椰糠:草炭(V:V)=2:1为栽培基质,设置不同的配方肥(见表4),比较不同配方肥对天竺葵株高、冠幅和花序的影响。配方肥施肥方式:将配方肥与水一起进行水肥一体化管理,根据天气情况每天滴灌浇5-8次。
表4不同配方肥:1L水中各组分含量
Figure BDA0002602901140000033
由表5可知,配方1中的硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钾主要提供钾和磷元素,促进了花芽的分化及植株的抗性,硝酸钙主要提供钙元素,促进天竺葵的抗性及植株硬度,硫酸镁主要提供镁元素,镁能促进叶绿体的活性功能,从而增强植株抗性。在垂直绿化中,天竺葵的株高、冠幅的适当比例才能取得最佳的观赏效果,如表5所示,配方1的株高、冠幅、花序数量都是最好的,花序数量有8个,分枝也较多,整体的观赏性状最好。
表5不同配方肥对天竺葵生长的影响
Figure BDA0002602901140000041
b.将天竺葵扦插苗移栽于装有上述S1、S2、S3栽培基质的栽培盒里,每个栽培盒里移栽2株,移栽后浇透水。如表6所示,施肥采用两种方式:(1)将配方肥2与水一起进行水肥一体化管理,根据天气情况每天滴灌浇5-8次;(2)一次性施用传统复合缓释肥,并在后期生长过程定期浇水。天竺葵栽培3个月后统计植株的株高及冠幅。
表6实验设置
Figure BDA0002602901140000042
表7不同试验设置对天竺葵生长的影响
Figure BDA0002602901140000043
如图2-3、表7所示,栽培基质采用椰糠和草炭(V:V=2:1)且施用配方肥的天竺葵株高和冠幅较适中,花量大,每株上平均有10个花序以上,花期可持续半年以上,观赏性状最好。施用基于单体肥的配方肥的天竺葵,其生长和观赏性显著超过施用传统复合缓释肥。
综上,本发明目的在于提供适合天竺葵垂直绿化的种植模式,以重量轻和营养充足与平衡为目标。实验证明,在天竺葵的垂直栽培中,采用椰槺:草炭(V:V)=2:1的配方作为栽培基质,再配合适宜比例的配方肥,可有效保证天竺葵的正常生长和观赏性,同时该种植模式减轻了垂直栽培模块的重量,保水、养分缓释及透水性较好,有助于天竺葵在垂直绿化中的应用推广。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)栽培基质准备:将椰槺和草炭按体积比2:1配制成栽培基质;
2)移栽及水肥管理:将天竺葵种苗移栽至栽培基质中,施用配方肥;所述配方肥为每升水中包括硝酸钙 1000-1500mg、硝酸钾 250-300 mg、硫酸钾 40-60 mg、硫酸镁 700-800mg、磷酸二氢钾 300-400 mg、螯合铁 11% DTPA 100-200 mg。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式,其特征在于:所述配方肥为每升水中包括硝酸钙 1500mg、硝酸钾 300 mg、硫酸钾 50 mg、硫酸镁 800 mg、磷酸二氢钾 400 mg、螯合铁 11% DTPA 100 mg。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式,其特征在于:将配方肥与水一起进行水肥一体化管理,根据天气情况每天滴灌浇5-8次。
CN202010729963.0A 2020-07-27 2020-07-27 一种轻便高效的天竺葵垂直无土种植模式 Pending CN111887120A (zh)

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