CN111885543B - Internet of vehicles switching method and device based on ultra-dense networking - Google Patents

Internet of vehicles switching method and device based on ultra-dense networking Download PDF

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CN111885543B
CN111885543B CN202010594180.6A CN202010594180A CN111885543B CN 111885543 B CN111885543 B CN 111885543B CN 202010594180 A CN202010594180 A CN 202010594180A CN 111885543 B CN111885543 B CN 111885543B
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CN111885543A (en
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苏伟
洪高风
张宏科
温绮丽
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Beijing Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0066—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link of control information between different types of networks in order to establish a new radio link in the target network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
    • H04W36/0085—Hand-off measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data

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Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle networking switching method and device based on ultra-dense networking, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to the vehicle set, the accessible network set and the connection state of the vehicles and the access network at the current moment, constructing an access matrix of the Internet of vehicles, and respectively calculating access preference degree utility functions of the target vehicles to the accessible networks according to the first influence parameters and the accessible network set; respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle according to the second influence parameters and the accessible network set; and determining a target access network by the user according to the network state information required by the user and the network side. By implementing the method and the device, the problems that a switching algorithm is simple, switching time delay is long, and the method and the device are not suitable for high-speed and position topology-variable scenes in the Internet of vehicles in the conventional network switching technology are solved, the optimal network is determined for the vehicles efficiently, the network experience of a user in a mobile environment is improved, and the reasonable utilization of network resources is realized.

Description

Internet of vehicles switching method and device based on ultra-dense networking
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle networking communication, in particular to a vehicle networking switching method and device based on ultra-dense networking.
Background
In heterogeneous wireless networks, Vertical Handovers (VH) are one of the main ways to provide seamless handovers between different network environments. Since the coverage of the network is constant, no single network can provide ubiquitous and continuous high-quality network services, and mobile terminals currently employ multi-mode access technologies to maintain network connectivity and user satisfaction. In the car networking environment, a vehicle as an access terminal often has the characteristic of fast movement, and a situation that vehicles gather often exists in an area, that is, there may be a plurality of vehicles that need to select an access network in the next time period at the same time. These characteristics all have an effect on the network selection at vehicle handover.
Currently, some research results have been obtained for the problems existing in vertical handover, such as ping-pong effect. The network handover algorithm that can solve the above problems mainly includes: algorithms based on received signal strength, algorithms based on cost functions, algorithms based on multi-attribute decisions, algorithms based on artificial intelligence, and algorithms based on game theory. However, most of the existing network switching technologies are related to low-speed terminals, the switching algorithm is relatively simple, the switching time delay is long, and the method is not suitable for high-speed and position topology-variable scenes in the internet of vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the existing network switching technology is mostly related to low-speed terminals, the switching algorithm is relatively simple, the switching time delay is long, and the method is not suitable for high-speed and position topology-variable scenes in the internet of vehicles, thereby providing the internet of vehicles switching method and device based on ultra-dense networking.
According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a car networking switching method based on ultra-dense networking, including: constructing an Internet of vehicles access matrix in a preset area according to the vehicle set, the accessible network set and the connection state of the vehicles and the accessible network at the current moment; respectively calculating access preference degree utility functions of the target vehicle to each accessible network according to a first influence parameter and the accessible network set, wherein the first influence parameter is used for representing the accessible network preference degree influence parameter of the target vehicle; respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network on the target vehicle according to a second influence parameter and the accessible network set, wherein the second influence parameter is used for representing the influence parameter of the vehicle state evaluation of the accessible network; and determining a target access network according to the access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle and the Internet of vehicles access matrix.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first implementation manner of the first aspect, the separately calculating, according to the first influence parameter and the set of accessible networks, an access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle for each accessible network includes: respectively determining the influence degree of the first influence parameter corresponding to each accessible network on the determined target access network according to the first influence parameter and each accessible network; respectively determining relationship factors among the first influence parameters according to the influence degree of the first influence parameters on the determination of the target access network; determining a weight factor of the first influence parameter according to a plurality of relation factors; and respectively calculating an access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to a first accessible network according to the first influence parameter and the weight factor of the first influence parameter.
With reference to the first aspect, in a second implementation manner of the first aspect, the calculating a vehicle state estimation utility function of each accessible network for the target vehicle according to the second influence parameter and the accessible network set includes: respectively determining the influence degree of the second influence parameters corresponding to the accessible networks on the determined target access network according to the second influence parameters and the accessible networks; determining relationship factors among the second influence parameters respectively according to the influence degree of the second influence parameters on the determined target access network; determining a weight factor of the second influence parameter according to the plurality of relation factors; and respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of the first accessible network to the target vehicle according to the second influence parameter and the weight factor of the second influence parameter.
With reference to the second embodiment of the first aspect, in a third embodiment of the first aspect, the relationship factor between the first influencing parameters is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000031
wherein, betaabRepresenting a relationship factor between the first influencing parameters; according to the target vehicle, determining the first influence parameters as the received signal strength, the network delay and the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application, setting the labels of the received signal strength, the network delay and the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application as 1, 2 and 3 respectively, wherein a and b represent the labels of the first influence parameters; l isaAnd LbIndicating the degree of influence of the first influencing parameter, in particular L, on the determination of the target access network1Representing the influence degree of the received signal strength on the determination of the target access network; l is2Representing the influence degree of the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application on the determination of the target access network; l is3The influence degree of the network delay on the determination of the target access network is shown.
With reference to the third embodiment of the first aspect, in the fourth embodiment of the first aspect, the weighting factors of the first influence parameters are respectively determined according to a plurality of the relationship factors by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000041
wherein, ω isjkRepresenting a weighting factor for the kth first influencing parameter for the jth accessible network.
With reference to the first embodiment of the first aspect, in a fifth embodiment of the first aspect, the utility function of the access preference degree of the target vehicle to the first accessible network is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000042
wherein,
Figure BDA0002556868680000043
a utility function representing the access preference degree of the target vehicle to the first accessible network; omegaj1Indicating received signal strength in a first influencing parameterWeight factor εRSS,j(t) represents the received signal strength of the accessible network at the time of handover; omegaj2A weight factor, ε, representing the degree of satisfaction of the network bandwidth in the first influencing parameter with the vehicle applicationsatisfy,j(t) represents the degree of satisfaction of the network bandwidth of the accessible network to the in-vehicle application at the time of handover; omegaj3A weight factor, ε, representing the received signal strength in a first influencing parameterdelay,j(t) represents the network delay to access the network at the time of handover; t represents the current time, i.e., the time at which the target vehicle switches the internet of vehicles.
With reference to the second embodiment of the first aspect, in a sixth embodiment of the first aspect, the relationship factor between the second influencing parameters is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000044
wherein, muabRepresenting a relationship factor between the second influencing parameters; according to the target vehicle, determining the second influence parameters as a network load condition, a network range residence time and a vehicle switching frequency, setting the labels of the network load condition, the network range residence time and the vehicle switching frequency as 1, 2 and 3 respectively, wherein a and b represent the labels of the second influence parameters; l isaAnd LbIndicating the degree of influence of the second influencing parameter on the determination of the target access network, in particular L1Representing the influence degree of the network load condition on the determination of the target access network; l is2Representing the influence degree of the satisfaction degree of the network range residence time on the vehicle-mounted application on the determination of the target access network; l is3Indicating the degree of influence of the vehicle switching frequency on the determination of the target access network.
With reference to the sixth implementation manner of the first aspect, in the seventh implementation manner of the first aspect, the weighting factors of the second influence parameters are respectively determined according to a plurality of the relationship factors by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000051
wherein, ω isikRepresenting the weighting factor for the kth second influencing parameter for the ith target vehicle.
With reference to the second embodiment of the first aspect, in an eighth embodiment of the first aspect, the vehicle state estimation utility function of the first accessible network to the target vehicle is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000052
wherein,
Figure BDA0002556868680000053
representing a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle; omegai1A weighting factor, epsilon, representing the network load condition in the second influencing parameteroband,i(t) indicates the network load status of each accessible network at the time of handover; omegai2A weighting factor, ε, representing the network-wide residence time in the second influencing parametermobility,i(t) represents a network-wide residence time of the target vehicle at the time of the handover; omegai3A weighting factor, epsilon, representing the frequency of vehicle switching in the second influencing parameterfhandover,i(t) represents a switching frequency of the target vehicle at the switching time; t represents the current time, i.e., the time at which the target vehicle switches the internet of vehicles.
With reference to the eighth embodiment of the first aspect, in the ninth embodiment of the first aspect, the network load condition of each accessible network at the time of handover is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000061
wherein epsilonoband,i(t) represents the network load condition, Bi(t) represents a vehicle viBandwidth required to be occupied when entering the accessible network, Brest(t) represents the remaining bandwidth of the accessible network at time t;
the network-wide dwell time at the moment of handover is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000062
wherein S isi(t) represents a vehicle viVelocity at time t; riRepresenting a network niThe radius of coverage of;
calculating a switching frequency of the target vehicle at the switching time by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000063
wherein f isiIndicating a vehicle viThe switching frequency of (c); gamma denotes a preset threshold value.
With reference to the first aspect, in a tenth implementation manner of the first aspect, the determining a target access network according to the utility function of the access preference degree of the target vehicle to each accessible network, the utility function of the vehicle state evaluation of each accessible network to the target vehicle, and the internet of vehicles access matrix specifically includes:
respectively calculating first parameter values of the target vehicle and each accessible network according to an access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle and each element value in the internet of vehicles access matrix;
and determining the accessible network corresponding to the maximum first parameter value as a target access network.
With reference to the tenth embodiment of the first aspect, in the eleventh embodiment of the first aspect, the first parameter value is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000071
wherein alpha isijPresentation instrumentEach element value in the Internet of vehicles access matrix;
Figure BDA0002556868680000072
a utility function representing the access preference degree of the target vehicle to the first accessible network;
Figure BDA0002556868680000073
and representing the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle.
According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a pre-switching method for a vehicle networking, including:
determining a target access network of a target vehicle through the first aspect or the Internet of vehicles switching method based on the ultra-dense networking in any embodiment of the first aspect; sending a pre-switching request to the target access network, wherein the pre-switching request comprises interactive information of the target vehicle and the current access network; receiving a request response data packet fed back by the target access network, wherein the request response data packet is used for representing that the target access network has received the pre-switching request; sending a response notification for notifying the target vehicle that a network connection can be established with the target access network; and when the signaling information fed back by the target access network is received, disconnecting the connection with the target vehicle, wherein the signaling information is used for representing that the connection between the target vehicle and the target access network is established.
According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an internet of vehicles switching device based on ultra-dense networking, including: the vehicle networking access matrix determining module is used for constructing a vehicle networking access matrix in a preset area according to the vehicle set, the accessible network set and the connection state of the vehicles and the accessible network at the current moment; the access preference degree utility function calculation module is used for calculating access preference degree utility functions of the target vehicle to the accessible networks according to a first influence parameter and the accessible network set, wherein the first influence parameter is used for representing the accessible network preference degree influence parameter of the target vehicle; the vehicle state evaluation utility function calculation module is used for respectively calculating vehicle state evaluation utility functions of the accessible networks on the target vehicle according to second influence parameters and the accessible network set, wherein the second influence parameters are used for representing influence parameters of vehicle state evaluation of the accessible networks; the first target access network determining module is used for determining a target access network according to the access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle and the Internet of vehicles access matrix.
According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a pre-switching device for a vehicle networking, including: a second target access network determining module, configured to determine a target access network of a target vehicle through the ultra-dense networking-based car networking switching method described in any one of the first aspect and the first aspect; a pre-switching request sending module, configured to send a pre-switching request to the target access network, where the pre-switching request includes interaction information between the target vehicle and a current access network; a request response data packet receiving module, configured to receive a request response data packet fed back by the target access network, where the request response data packet is used to indicate that the target access network has received the pre-handover request; a response notification sending module, configured to send a response notification, where the response notification is used to notify the target vehicle that a network connection with the target access network may be established; and the signaling information receiving module is used for disconnecting the connection with the target vehicle when signaling information fed back by the target access network is received, and the signaling information is used for representing that the connection between the target vehicle and the target access network is established.
According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the steps of the ultra-dense networking-based pre-switching method for internet of vehicles according to the first aspect or any of the embodiments of the first aspect or the second aspect.
According to a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the ultra-dense networking-based car networking switching method according to the first aspect or any of the embodiments of the first aspect, or the car networking pre-switching method according to the second aspect.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle networking switching method and device based on ultra-dense networking, wherein the method comprises the following steps: respectively calculating access preference degree utility functions of the target vehicle to each accessible network according to the requirements of the vehicle-mounted service on the network state, namely according to a first influence parameter and the accessible network set, when the target vehicle is in a plurality of network coverage environments, wherein the first influence parameter is used for representing the accessible network preference degree influence parameter of the target vehicle; selecting appropriate network state parameters to perform visual representation on the load condition of each access network, namely respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network on a target vehicle according to a second influence parameter and an accessible network set, wherein the second influence parameter is used for representing the influence parameter of the vehicle state evaluation of the accessible network; and determining the most appropriate access network by the user according to the network state information required by the user and sensed by the link layer. By implementing the method and the device, the problems that most of the existing network switching technologies are related to low-speed terminals, the switching algorithm is relatively simple, the switching time delay is long, and the method and the device are not suitable for scenes with high speed and variable position topologies in the Internet of vehicles are solved, the optimal network to be switched is determined for the target vehicle group by combining the bidirectional selection of the vehicle side and the network side, the network experience of a user in a mobile environment is improved, and the reasonable utilization of network resources is realized.
2. The embodiment of the invention provides a pre-switching method for a vehicle networking, which comprises the following steps: after determining a target access network for the target vehicle; the method comprises the steps that a current access network of a target vehicle sends a pre-switching request to the target access network, wherein the pre-switching request comprises interactive information of the target vehicle and the current access network; the current access network receives a request response data packet fed back by the target access network, wherein the request response data packet is used for representing that the target access network receives the pre-switching request; sending a response notice, wherein the response notice is used for informing the target vehicle that the network connection can be established with the target access network; and when the signaling information fed back by the target access network is received, the connection with the target vehicle is disconnected, and the signaling information is used for representing that the connection between the target vehicle and the target access network is established. The pre-switching request sent by the current access network of the target vehicle is combined, the target vehicle is ensured to be disconnected from the original access network after being connected with the new access network, the probability of network interruption of the vehicle in the network switching process is reduced, the user service quality and experience quality are better met, and the safe driving of the automatic driving vehicle, such as an unmanned automobile, is ensured.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a specific example of a car networking switching method based on ultra-dense networking in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a specific schematic diagram of a car networking switching method based on ultra-dense networking according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a specific example of a pre-switching method of the internet of vehicles according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a specific schematic diagram of a pre-switching method of the Internet of vehicles according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a specific example of the car networking switching device based on ultra-dense networking in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a specific example of the pre-switching device for internet of vehicles in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an exemplary embodiment of a computer device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" is to be interpreted broadly, e.g. as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communicated with each other inside the two elements, or may be wirelessly connected or wired connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
With the rapid development of the 5G technology, the deployment of the network also tends to be dense, and the distance between the network access point and the terminal is further close under the ultra-dense networking environment. In such an internet of vehicles network environment, due to the difference of network requirements of the vehicle-mounted applications at the user end and the mobility problem of the user, the network selection strategy becomes the key for ensuring the overall network performance. Specifically, the embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle networking switching method and device based on ultra-dense networking, which can realize bidirectional optimized network selection at a user side and a network side, due to the existing network selection strategy, namely the defects that the existing network switching technology is single and simple and cannot adapt to the application scene of a high-speed mobile terminal, and the network characteristics of the ultra-dense networking environment.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for switching an internet of vehicles based on ultra-dense networking, including:
step S11: constructing an Internet of vehicles access matrix in a preset area according to the vehicle set, the accessible network set and the connection state of the vehicles and the accessible network at the current moment; in the present embodiment, the current time may be a time at which the vehicle needs to switch the connection network. The vehicle set can be a plurality of vehicles which are all located in a preset area at the current moment, and Veh { v } can be used1,v2,v3,…,vMThe vehicle set is represented by the symbol, and the vehicle set on the user side is the vehicle 1, the vehicle 2, the vehicle … and the vehicle M. The accessible network set can be a multi-path network which can be connected with vehicles in a preset area, and the specific expression can be an ultra-dense networking, namely Net { n }1,n2,n3,…,nNThe expression indicates that the accessible network set at the network side is access network 1, access network 2, …, and access network N. The connection state of the vehicles in the preset area and the access network may be whether each vehicle is connected with each road network. Specifically, a vehicle network access matrix in the preset area is constructed through a vehicle set in the preset area and an accessible network set which can be connected with the vehicles, and can be represented by a matrix of M x N:
Figure BDA0002556868680000121
wherein, the values of the elements in the matrix are all 0 or 1, when alpha isijWhen 1, indicates the vehicle viAnd an accessible network njA connection may be established; when alpha isijWhen 0, the vehicle v is representediAnd an accessible network njFailure to establish a connection, vehicle viE.g. Veh, accessible network nj∈Net。
Step S12: respectively calculating access preference degree utility functions of the target vehicle to each accessible network according to the first influence parameters and the accessible network set, wherein the first influence parameters are used for representing accessible network preference degree influence parameters of the target vehicle; in this embodiment, the current perception vehicle may be a target vehicle, that is, a vehicle that needs to switch the internet of vehicles, and the perception vehicle and neighboring vehicles around the perception vehicle form a vehicle set. The first impact parameter may be an impact parameter that indicates that the determined preference degree of the target vehicle to each accessible network has representativeness after analyzing the vehicle-mounted service and the user characteristic of the target vehicle at the current time, that is, at the switching time, and the impact parameter that may be used in this embodiment may be one or more of network connection link cost, a network operator, network energy consumption efficiency, assisted vehicle-mounted application computing processing capability of a cloud server on the side of a network access entity, received signal strength, network latency, and a degree of satisfaction of network bandwidth to vehicle-mounted applications. Any other parameters that have an influence on the user's preference for each accessible network may also be included, which is not further enumerated herein.
Alternatively, the target vehicle preference degree influence parameter for each accessible network may be a parameter indicating a preference degree of the target vehicle for each accessible network. Specifically, the utility function of the access preference degree of the target vehicle to each accessible network may be calculated respectively through a plurality of first influence parameters determined according to the target vehicle and each accessible network.
Step S13: respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle according to a second influence parameter and the accessible network set, wherein the second influence parameter is used for representing the influence parameter of the vehicle state evaluation of the accessible network; in this embodiment, the accessible network set is a network set that can be connected by each vehicle in a predetermined area. The second influence parameter may be a representative influence parameter that is obtained by evaluating, at the current time, that is, at the time of handover, the state of the target vehicle to be accessed by the access network side, that is, by evaluating the vehicle state of the target vehicle, and in this embodiment, the usable influence parameter may be one or more of a maximum transmission rate of the network, a vehicle-mounted application type of the access network entity directed specific service, a packet loss rate, a network load condition, a network range residence time, and a vehicle handover frequency. Any other parameters that have an influence on the vehicle state may also be included, which is not further listed here.
Alternatively, the influence parameter of the vehicle state evaluation of the accessible network may be a preference degree of each accessible network for the target vehicle, or may be a reception probability of each accessible network for receiving the target vehicle. Specifically, the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network for the target vehicle may be calculated by a plurality of second influence parameters determined according to each accessible network and each accessible network.
Step S14: and determining the target access network according to the access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle and the Internet of vehicles access matrix. In this embodiment, the optimal network to be switched is selected for the target vehicle in the accessible network set by combining the calculated preference degree of the target vehicle for each accessible network and the acceptance degree of each accessible network for the target vehicle, through the network and the bidirectional selection algorithm of the target vehicle, and the connection state in the actual scene, that is, whether each accessible network can be connected with the target vehicle in the actual application scene.
The embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle networking switching method based on ultra-dense networking, which comprises the following steps: respectively calculating access preference degree utility functions of the target vehicle to each accessible network according to the requirements of the vehicle-mounted service on the network state, namely according to the first influence parameters and the accessible network set in a plurality of network coverage environments of the target vehicle; selecting appropriate network state parameters to perform visual representation on the load condition of each access network, namely respectively calculating the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network on the target vehicle according to the second influence parameters and the accessible network set; and determining the most appropriate access network by the user according to the network state information required by the user and sensed by the link layer. By implementing the method and the device, the problems that most of the existing network switching technologies are related to low-speed terminals, the switching algorithm is relatively simple, the switching time delay is long, and the method and the device are not suitable for scenes with high speed and variable position topologies in the Internet of vehicles are solved, the optimal network to be switched is determined for the target vehicle group by combining the bidirectional selection of the vehicle side and the network side, the network experience of a user in a mobile environment is improved, and the reasonable utilization of network resources is realized.
Alternatively, step S12: according to the first influence parameter and the accessible network set, respectively calculating an access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, wherein the access preference degree utility function comprises the following steps:
firstly, according to a first influence parameter and each accessible network, respectively determining the influence degree of the first influence parameter corresponding to each accessible network on the determination of a target access network; in this embodiment, the influence parameter corresponding to each accessible network is used to indicate a degree of influence on determining the target access network, that is, an importance degree of the influence parameter when the target vehicle makes a network handover decision, and may be indicated by L, specifically, the importance degree may be indicated by a number, for example, L is 1,3,5,7, …,2 n-1. For example, when the number of the first influence parameters is determined to be 3, at this time, the expression of the degree of importance may be low (L ═ 1), generally (L ═ 3), and high (L ═ 5) on three levels, respectively; l is numbered according to the importance of factors in the first influencing parameter, e.g. L1＝1、L2＝3、L3(ii) 5; the first influencing parameter may also be a double influencing parameter, in which case the numerical representation of the degree of importance may be L ═ 1 or 3.
Secondly, respectively determining relationship factors among the first influence parameters according to the influence degree of the first influence parameters on the determined target access network; in this embodiment, the first influence parameters may be the satisfaction degrees of the received signal strength, the network delay, and the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application, and at this time, a plurality of relationship factors may be determined according to the relationship between different first influence parameters. Specifically, the three first influence parameters may be labeled, where the received signal strength is numbered 1, the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application is numbered 2, and the network delay is numbered 3.
Alternatively, the relation factor between the different first influencing parameters may be denoted by β, in particular β11A factor representing a relationship between received signal strength and received signal strength; beta is a12A factor representing a relationship between received signal strength and a degree of satisfaction of network bandwidth for the in-vehicle application; beta is a13Representing a factor of a relationship between received signal strength and network delay; beta is a21A relation factor representing the degree of satisfaction of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application and the received signal strength; beta is a22Representing a relation factor between the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application and the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application; beta is a23Representing a relation factor between the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application and the network delay; beta is a31Representing a relationship factor between network delay and received signal strength; beta is a32Representing a relation factor between the network delay and the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application; beta is a33Representing a factor of the relationship between network delay and network delay.
Specifically, the relationship factor between the first influencing parameters is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000161
wherein, betaabRepresenting a relationship factor between the first influencing parameters; according to a target vehicle, determining first influence parameters as the received signal strength, the network delay and the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application, setting the labels of the received signal strength, the network delay and the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application to be 1, 2 and 3 respectively, wherein a and b represent the labels of the first influence parameters; l isaAnd LbIndicating the degree of influence of the first influencing parameter, in particular L, on the determination of the target access network1Representing the influence degree of the received signal strength on the determination of the target access network; l is2Representing the influence degree of the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application on the determination of the target access network; l is3Representing the influence of network delay on determining target access networkAnd (4) degree.
Thirdly, respectively determining the weight factors of the first influence parameters according to the plurality of relation factors; in this embodiment, the weighting factors of the different first influence parameters are respectively determined according to the relationship factors between the different first influence parameters, and obviously, the weighting factors represent the importance degree of the influence parameters in the internet-of-things switching decision of the target vehicle.
Alternatively, the weighting factors of the first influencing parameters may be determined from the plurality of relation factors, respectively, by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000171
wherein, ω isjkRepresenting a weighting factor for the kth first influencing parameter for the jth accessible network.
Specifically, when k is 1, ω isj1A weighting factor representing the received signal strength in the first influencing parameter; when k is 2, ωj2A weight factor representing a degree of satisfaction of the network bandwidth in the first influencing parameter with the in-vehicle application; when k is 3, ωj3A weighting factor representing the network delay in the first influencing parameter.
And then, respectively calculating an access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to the first accessible network according to the first influence parameter and the weight factor of the first influence parameter. In this embodiment, the utility function of the access preference degree of the target vehicle to the first accessible network is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000172
wherein,
Figure BDA0002556868680000173
a utility function representing the access preference degree of the target vehicle to the first accessible network; omegaj1A weight factor, ε, representing the received signal strength in a first influencing parameterRSS,j(t) represents the received signal strength of the accessible network at the time of handover; omegaj2A weight factor, ε, representing the degree of satisfaction of the network bandwidth in the first influencing parameter with the vehicle applicationsatisfy,j(t) represents the degree of satisfaction of the network bandwidth of the accessible network to the in-vehicle application at the time of handover; omegaj3A weight factor, ε, representing the received signal strength in a first influencing parameterdelay,j(t) represents the network delay to access the network at the time of handover; t represents the current time, i.e., the time at which the target vehicle switches the internet of vehicles.
Alternatively, step S13: respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle according to the second influence parameter and the accessible network set, and specifically comprising the following steps:
firstly, according to the second influence parameters and each accessible network, respectively determining the influence degree of the second influence parameters corresponding to each accessible network on the determination of the target access network; in this embodiment, the influence parameter corresponding to each accessible network is used to indicate a degree of influence on determining the target access network, that is, an importance degree of the influence parameter when the target vehicle makes a network handover decision, and may be indicated by L, specifically, the importance degree may be indicated by a number, for example, L is 1,3,5,7, …,2 n-1. For example, when the number of the second influence parameters is determined to be 3, at this time, the representation of the degree of importance may be low (L ═ 1), generally (L ═ 3), and high (L ═ 5) on three levels, respectively; l is numbered according to the importance of the factors in the second influencing parameter, e.g. L1＝1、L2＝3、L3(ii) 5; the second influencing parameter may also be a double influencing parameter, in which case the numerical representation of the degree of importance may be L ═ 1 or 3.
Secondly, respectively determining relationship factors among the second influence parameters according to the influence degree of the second influence parameters on the determined target access network; in this embodiment, the second influence parameters may be a network load condition, a network range residence time, and a vehicle switching frequency, and at this time, a plurality of relationship factors may be determined according to the relationship between different second influence parameters. Specifically, three second influencing parameters may be numbered, the network load condition being number 1, the network-wide dwell time being number 2, and the vehicle switching frequency being number 3.
Alternatively, the relation factor between the different second influencing parameters may be expressed in μ, in particular μ11Representing a relationship factor between the network load condition and the network load condition; mu.s12Representing a relationship factor between network load conditions and network-wide dwell times; mu.s13A factor representing a relationship between network load conditions and vehicle switching frequency; mu.s21Representing a relationship factor between network-wide dwell time and network load conditions; mu.s22Representing a relationship factor between the network-wide dwell time and the network-wide dwell time; mu.s23Representing a relationship factor between network-wide dwell time and vehicle switching frequency; mu.s31A factor representing a relationship between vehicle switching frequency and network load condition; mu.s32A factor representing a relationship between vehicle switching frequency and network-wide dwell time; mu.s33Representing a factor of the relationship between the vehicle switching frequency and the vehicle switching frequency.
Specifically, the relationship factor between the second influence parameters is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000191
wherein, muabRepresenting a relationship factor between the second influencing parameters; according to the target vehicle, determining second influence parameters as a network load condition, a network range residence time and a vehicle switching frequency, setting the labels of the network load condition, the network range residence time and the vehicle switching frequency as 1, 2 and 3 respectively, wherein a and b represent the labels of the second influence parameters; l isaAnd LbIndicating the degree of influence of the second influencing parameter on the determination of the target access network, in particular L1Representing the influence degree of the network load condition on the determination of the target access network; l is2Representing the influence degree of the satisfaction degree of the network range residence time on the vehicle-mounted application on the determination of the target access network; l is3Indicating vehicle switching frequency pairsAnd determining the influence degree of the target access network.
Thirdly, respectively determining the weight factors of the second influence parameters according to the plurality of relation factors; in this embodiment, the weighting factors of the different second influence parameters are respectively determined according to the relationship factors between the different second influence parameters, and obviously, the weighting factors represent the importance degree of the influence parameters in the internet-of-things switching decision of the target vehicle.
Alternatively, the weighting factors of the second influencing parameters may be determined respectively from the plurality of relation factors by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000192
wherein, ω isikA weighting factor representing a kth second influencing parameter for the ith vehicle when determining the degree of acceptance of the vehicle i by each accessible network.
Specifically, when k is 1, ω isi1A weighting factor representing the network load condition in the second influencing parameter; when k is 2, ωi2A weighting factor representing a network-wide dwell time in the second impact parameter; when k is 3, ωi3A weighting factor representing the vehicle switching frequency in the second influencing parameter.
And then, respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of the first accessible network to the target vehicle according to the second influence parameter and the weighting factor of the second influence parameter. In the present embodiment, the vehicle state estimation utility function of the first accessible network to the target vehicle is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000201
wherein,
Figure BDA0002556868680000202
representing a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle; omegai1To representWeighting factor of the network load condition in the second influencing parameter, epsilonoband,i(t) indicates the network load status of each accessible network at the time of handover; omegai2A weighting factor, ε, representing the network-wide residence time in the second influencing parametermobility,i(t) represents a network-wide residence time of the target vehicle at the time of the handover; omegai3A weighting factor, epsilon, representing the frequency of vehicle switching in the second influencing parameterfhandover,i(t) represents a switching frequency of the target vehicle at the switching time; t represents the current time, i.e., the time at which the target vehicle switches the internet of vehicles.
Optionally, the network load condition of each accessible network at the time of handover is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000203
wherein epsilonoband,i(t) represents the network load condition, Bi(t) represents a vehicle viBandwidth required to be occupied when entering the accessible network, Brest(t) represents the remaining bandwidth of the accessible network at time t;
the network-wide dwell time at the moment of handover is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000211
wherein S isi(t) represents a vehicle viVelocity at time t; riRepresenting a network niThe radius of coverage of;
calculating a switching frequency of the target vehicle at the switching time by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000212
wherein f isiIndicating a vehicle viThe switching frequency of (c); gamma denotes a preset threshold value. In particular, the threshold value
Optionally, in step S14, determining the target access network according to the access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle, and the car networking access matrix, specifically including:
firstly, respectively calculating first parameter values of a target vehicle and each accessible network according to an access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle and each element value in an access matrix of the internet of vehicles; in this embodiment, it may be that, for the target vehicle vi, a preference degree of the target vehicle vi for each accessible network in the accessible network set is calculated, that is, the user preference is calculated from the user side; then, aiming at each accessible network, calculating the acceptance degree of each accessible network to the target vehicle vi, namely the accessible probability; and secondly, synthesizing each element value of the Internet of vehicles access matrix in the preset area, namely synthesizing whether the target vehicle can establish connection with each accessible network, and respectively calculating first parameter values of each accessible network and the target vehicle.
And secondly, determining the accessible network corresponding to the maximum first parameter value as a target access network. In this embodiment, the first parameter value is used to represent the adaptation degree of the target vehicle and each accessible network, and the accessible network corresponding to the largest first parameter value is the optimal access network determined for the target vehicle vi by the method described in the above embodiment.
Specifically, the first parameter value is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002556868680000221
wherein alpha isijRepresenting values of elements in the Internet of vehicles access matrix;
Figure BDA0002556868680000222
a utility function representing the access preference degree of the target vehicle to the first accessible network;
Figure BDA0002556868680000223
and representing the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle.
The method for switching the internet of vehicles based on the ultra-dense networking comprises the steps of comprehensively determining the accessible network which is most suitable for the target vehicle of the user through a bidirectional selection algorithm of the network and the user by combining a preference degree function of the user side to each accessible network and the acceptance degree of each accessible network side to the user. The states of a link layer and a network layer in the switching process are comprehensively considered, the bidirectional optimization of the performance of the user side and the performance of the network side in the switching process is realized, the service quality and the experience quality of the user side are improved, the load balance of the network side is realized, and the influence of the vehicle mobility on the switching is reduced.
The pre-switching method for the internet of vehicles provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 3 and 4, and comprises the following steps:
step S21: the method for switching the internet of vehicles based on the ultra-dense networking comprises the steps that a target access network of a target vehicle is determined through the method for switching the internet of vehicles based on the ultra-dense networking in any one of the embodiments; in this embodiment, according to the target vehicle and each accessible network, when the target vehicle performs the internet of things switching, the target access network is determined for the target vehicle. In fact, the target vehicle vi initiates an internet of vehicles handover request to the current access network of the target vehicle vi by sensing a neighbor vehicle and a connectable network set in a preset area, and the current access network determines the target access network for the target vehicle by the internet of vehicles handover method described in the above embodiment.
Step S22: sending a pre-switching request to a target access network, wherein the pre-switching request comprises interactive information of a target vehicle and the current access network; in this embodiment, the current access network sends a pre-switching request to the target access network, where the pre-switching request includes information about interaction between the current access network and the target vehicle, and actually, the pre-switching request information is information that the target vehicle requests to access the target access network.
Step S23: receiving a request response data packet fed back by the target access network, wherein the request response data packet is used for representing that the target access network has received the pre-switching request; in this embodiment, after receiving the pre-handover request sent by the current access network, the target access network feeds back information to the current access network to indicate that the target access network has prepared a port for the target vehicle to connect.
Step S24: sending a response notice, wherein the response notice is used for informing the target vehicle that the network connection can be established with the target access network; in this embodiment, when the current access network receives the request response packet fed back by the target access network, a response notification that a new connection can be established is issued to the target vehicle vi, and after receiving the response information, the target vehicle starts to establish a new connection with the target access network and starts to communicate.
Step S25: and when the signaling information fed back by the target access network is received, the connection with the target vehicle is disconnected, and the signaling information is used for representing that the connection between the target vehicle and the target access network is established. In this embodiment, the disconnection process of the original access network connection may specifically be: when the current access network receives the signaling information, the connection with the target vehicle is disconnected after the target vehicle is determined to be connected with the target access network.
Specifically, in an ultra-dense networking environment, the distance between the accessible networks is short, the communication between the accessible networks is convenient, and in order to reduce energy consumption and efficiently switch the internet of vehicles, the target access network can directly send signaling information to the current access network under the condition that the target vehicle establishes connection with the target access network so as to inform the target vehicle of establishing new network connection with the target access network again, and at the moment, the current access network is disconnected from the target vehicle.
The embodiment of the invention provides a pre-switching method for a vehicle networking, which comprises the following steps: after determining a target access network for the target vehicle; the method comprises the steps that a current access network of a target vehicle sends a pre-switching request to the target access network, wherein the pre-switching request comprises interactive information of the target vehicle and the current access network; the current access network receives a request response data packet fed back by the target access network, wherein the request response data packet is used for representing that the target access network receives the pre-switching request; sending a response notice, wherein the response notice is used for informing the target vehicle that the network connection can be established with the target access network; and when the signaling information fed back by the target access network is received, the connection with the target vehicle is disconnected, and the signaling information is used for representing that the connection between the target vehicle and the target access network is established. The pre-switching request sent by the current access network of the target vehicle is combined, the target vehicle is ensured to be disconnected from the original access network after being connected with the new access network, the probability of network interruption of the vehicle in the network switching process is reduced, the user service quality and experience quality are better met, and the safe driving of the automatic driving vehicle, such as an unmanned automobile, is ensured.
The embodiment of the invention provides a car networking switching device based on ultra-dense networking, as shown in fig. 5, comprising:
the internet of vehicles access matrix determination module 31 is configured to construct an internet of vehicles access matrix in a preset area according to the vehicle set, the accessible network set and the connection state of the vehicle and the accessible network at the current moment; the detailed implementation can be referred to the related description of step S11 in the above method embodiment.
The access preference degree utility function calculation module 32 is configured to calculate access preference degree utility functions of the target vehicle for the accessible networks respectively according to the first influence parameters and the accessible network set, where the first influence parameters are used to represent accessible network preference degree influence parameters of the target vehicle; the detailed implementation can be referred to the related description of step S12 in the above method embodiment.
The vehicle state evaluation utility function calculation module 33 is configured to calculate a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network for the target vehicle according to the second influence parameter and the accessible network set, where the second influence parameter is used to represent an influence parameter for vehicle state evaluation of the accessible network; the detailed implementation can be referred to the related description of step S13 in the above method embodiment.
The first target access network determining module 34 is configured to determine a target access network according to the access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle, and the internet of vehicles access matrix. The detailed implementation can be referred to the related description of step S14 in the above method embodiment.
The embodiment of the invention provides a car networking switching device based on ultra-dense networking, which comprises: respectively calculating access preference degree utility functions of the target vehicle to each accessible network according to the requirements of the vehicle-mounted service on the network state, namely according to a first influence parameter and the accessible network set, when the target vehicle is in a plurality of network coverage environments, wherein the first influence parameter is used for representing the accessible network preference degree influence parameter of the target vehicle; selecting appropriate network state parameters to perform visual representation on the load condition of each access network, namely respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network on a target vehicle according to a second influence parameter and an accessible network set, wherein the second influence parameter is used for representing the influence parameter of the vehicle state evaluation of the accessible network; and determining the most appropriate access network by the user according to the network state information required by the user and sensed by the link layer. By implementing the method and the device, the problems that most of the existing network switching technologies are related to low-speed terminals, the switching algorithm is relatively simple, the switching time delay is long, and the method and the device are not suitable for scenes with high speed and variable position topologies in the Internet of vehicles are solved, the optimal network to be switched is determined for the target vehicle group by combining the bidirectional selection of the vehicle side and the network side, the network experience of a user in a mobile environment is improved, and the reasonable utilization of network resources is realized.
The internet of vehicles pre-switching device provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 6, comprises:
a second target access network determining module 41, configured to determine a target access network of a target vehicle through the car networking switching method based on the ultra-dense networking according to any of the above embodiments; the detailed implementation can be referred to the related description of step S21 in the above method embodiment.
A pre-switching request sending module 42, configured to send a pre-switching request to the target access network, where the pre-switching request includes interaction information between the target vehicle and the current access network; the detailed implementation can be referred to the related description of step S22 in the above method embodiment.
A request response packet receiving module 43, configured to receive a request response packet fed back by the target access network, where the request response packet is used to represent that the target access network has received the pre-switching request; the detailed implementation can be referred to the related description of step S23 in the above method embodiment.
A response notification sending module 44, configured to send a response notification, where the response notification is used to notify that the target vehicle may establish a network connection with the target access network; the detailed implementation can be referred to the related description of step S24 in the above method embodiment.
And a signaling information receiving module 45, configured to disconnect the connection with the target vehicle when receiving signaling information fed back by the target access network, where the signaling information is used to represent that the connection between the target vehicle and the target access network is already established. The detailed implementation can be referred to the related description of step S25 in the above method embodiment.
The embodiment of the invention provides a pre-switching device for a vehicle networking, which comprises: after determining a target access network for the target vehicle; the method comprises the steps that a current access network of a target vehicle sends a pre-switching request to the target access network, wherein the pre-switching request comprises interactive information of the target vehicle and the current access network; the current access network receives a request response data packet fed back by the target access network, wherein the request response data packet is used for representing that the target access network receives the pre-switching request; sending a response notice, wherein the response notice is used for informing the target vehicle that the network connection can be established with the target access network; and when the signaling information fed back by the target access network is received, the connection with the target vehicle is disconnected, and the signaling information is used for representing that the connection between the target vehicle and the target access network is established. The pre-switching request sent by the current access network of the target vehicle is combined, the target vehicle is ensured to be disconnected from the original access network after being connected with the new access network, the probability of network interruption of the vehicle in the network switching process is reduced, the user service quality and experience quality are better met, and the safe driving of the automatic driving vehicle, such as an unmanned automobile, is ensured.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, as shown in fig. 7, the computer device may include a processor 51 and a memory 52, where the processor 51 and the memory 52 may be connected by a bus or in another manner, and fig. 7 takes the example of connection by a bus as an example.
The processor 51 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU). The Processor 51 may also be other general purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or combinations thereof.
The memory 52 is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, and can be used to store a non-transitory software program, a non-transitory computer executable program, and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the ultra-dense networking based car networking handover method in the embodiment of the present invention (for example, the car networking access matrix determination module 31, the access preference degree utility function calculation module 32, the vehicle state evaluation utility function calculation module 33, the first target access network determination module 34, or the second target access network determination module 41, the pre-handover request sending module 42, the request response packet receiving module 43, the response notification sending module 44, and the signaling information receiving module 45 shown in fig. 5). The processor 51 executes various functional applications and data processing of the processor by running non-transitory software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 52, that is, implements the ultra-dense networking-based car networking switching method in the above method embodiment.
The memory 52 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created by the processor 51, and the like. Further, the memory 52 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 52 may optionally include memory located remotely from the processor 51, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor 51 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The one or more modules are stored in the memory 52, and when executed by the processor 51, perform the ultra-dense networking-based car networking switching method in the embodiment shown in fig. 1 or the car networking pre-switching method shown in fig. 3.
The details of the computer device can be understood by referring to the corresponding related descriptions and effects in the embodiments shown in fig. 1 or fig. 3, and are not described herein again.
Optionally, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer readable medium, where the non-transitory computer readable medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are configured to enable a computer to execute the method for switching an internet of vehicles based on a super-dense networking or the method for pre-switching the internet of vehicles as described in any of the above embodiments, where the storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical Disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (Hard Disk Drive, abbreviated as HDD) or a Solid State Drive (SSD), and the like; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (15)

1. A car networking switching method based on ultra-dense networking is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing an Internet of vehicles access matrix in a preset area according to the vehicle set, the accessible network set and the connection state of the vehicles and the accessible network at the current moment;
respectively calculating access preference degree utility functions of the target vehicle to each accessible network according to a first influence parameter and the accessible network set, wherein the first influence parameter is used for representing the accessible network preference degree influence parameter of the target vehicle;
respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network on the target vehicle according to a second influence parameter and the accessible network set, wherein the second influence parameter is used for representing the influence parameter of the vehicle state evaluation of the accessible network;
determining a target access network according to the access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle and the Internet of vehicles access matrix;
the respectively calculating the access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network according to the first influence parameter and the accessible network set comprises the following steps: respectively determining the influence degree of the first influence parameter corresponding to each accessible network on the determined target access network according to the first influence parameter and each accessible network; respectively determining relationship factors among the first influence parameters according to the influence degree of the first influence parameters on the determination of the target access network; determining a weight factor of the first influence parameter according to a plurality of relation factors; respectively calculating an access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to a first accessible network according to the first influence parameter and the weight factor of the first influence parameter;
the calculating the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle according to the second influence parameter and the accessible network set comprises: respectively determining the influence degree of the second influence parameters corresponding to the accessible networks on the determined target access network according to the second influence parameters and the accessible networks; determining relationship factors among the second influence parameters respectively according to the influence degree of the second influence parameters on the determined target access network; determining a weight factor of the second influence parameter according to the plurality of relation factors; and respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of the first accessible network to the target vehicle according to the second influence parameter and the weight factor of the second influence parameter.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the relation factor between the first influencing parameters is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003032820230000021
wherein, betaabRepresenting a relationship factor between the first influencing parameters; according to the target vehicle, determining the first influence parameters as the received signal strength, the network delay and the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application, setting the labels of the received signal strength, the network delay and the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application as 1, 2 and 3 respectively, wherein a and b represent the labels of the first influence parameters; l isaAnd LbIndicating the degree of influence of the first influencing parameter, in particular L, on the determination of the target access network1Representing the influence degree of the received signal strength on the determination of the target access network; l is2Representing the influence degree of the satisfaction degree of the network bandwidth to the vehicle-mounted application on the determination of the target access network; l is3The influence degree of the network delay on the determination of the target access network is shown.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the weighting factors of the first influencing parameters are determined from a plurality of the relation factors, respectively, by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003032820230000031
wherein, ω isjkRepresenting a weighting factor for the kth first influencing parameter for the jth accessible network.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle for the first accessible network is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003032820230000032
wherein,
Figure FDA0003032820230000033
a utility function representing the access preference degree of the target vehicle to the first accessible network; omegaj1A weight factor, ε, representing the received signal strength in a first influencing parameterRSS，j(t) represents the received signal strength of the accessible network at the time of handover; omegaj2A weight factor, ε, representing the degree of satisfaction of the network bandwidth in the first influencing parameter with the vehicle applicationsatisfy，j(t) represents the degree of satisfaction of the network bandwidth of the accessible network to the in-vehicle application at the time of handover; omegaj3A weight factor, ε, representing the received signal strength in a first influencing parameterdelay，j(t) represents the network delay to access the network at the time of handover; t represents the current time, i.e., the time at which the target vehicle switches the internet of vehicles.
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the relation factor between the second influencing parameters is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003032820230000041
wherein, muabRepresenting a relationship factor between the second influencing parameters; according to the target vehicle, determining the second influence parameters as a network load condition, a network range residence time and a vehicle switching frequency, setting the labels of the network load condition, the network range residence time and the vehicle switching frequency as 1, 2 and 3 respectively, wherein a and b represent the labels of the second influence parameters; l isaAnd LbIndicating the degree of influence of the second influencing parameter on the determination of the target access network, in particular L1Representing the influence degree of the network load condition on the determination of the target access network; l is2Representing the influence degree of the satisfaction degree of the network range residence time on the vehicle-mounted application on the determination of the target access network; l is3Indicating the degree of influence of the vehicle switching frequency on the determination of the target access network.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the weighting factors of the second influencing parameters are determined from a plurality of the relation factors, respectively, by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003032820230000042
wherein, ω isikRepresenting the weighting factor for the kth second influencing parameter for the ith target vehicle.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle state estimation utility function of the first accessible network for the target vehicle is calculated by the following equation:
Figure FDA0003032820230000043
wherein,
Figure FDA0003032820230000051
representing a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle; omegai1A weighting factor, epsilon, representing the network load condition in the second influencing parameteroband，i(t) indicates the network load status of each accessible network at the time of handover; omegai2A weighting factor, ε, representing the network-wide residence time in the second influencing parametermobility，i(t) represents a network-wide residence time of the target vehicle at the time of the handover; omegai3A weighting factor, epsilon, representing the frequency of vehicle switching in the second influencing parameterfhandover，i(t) represents a switching frequency of the target vehicle at the switching time; t represents the current time, i.e., the time at which the target vehicle switches the internet of vehicles.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the network load condition of each accessible network at the time of handover is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003032820230000052
wherein epsilonoband，i(t) represents the network load condition, Bi(t) represents a vehicle viBandwidth required to be occupied when entering the accessible network, Brest(t) represents the remaining bandwidth of the accessible network at time t;
the network-wide dwell time at the moment of handover is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003032820230000053
wherein S isi(t) represents a vehicle viVelocity at time t; riRepresenting a network niThe radius of coverage of;
calculating a switching frequency of the target vehicle at the switching time by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003032820230000054
wherein f isiIndicating a vehicle viThe switching frequency of (c); gamma denotes a preset threshold value.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a target access network according to the utility function of the access preference degree of the target vehicle to each accessible network, the utility function of the vehicle state evaluation of each accessible network to the target vehicle, and the internet of vehicles access matrix specifically includes:
respectively calculating first parameter values of the target vehicle and each accessible network according to an access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle and each element value in the internet of vehicles access matrix;
and determining the accessible network corresponding to the maximum first parameter value as a target access network.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first parameter value is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003032820230000061
wherein alpha isijRepresenting values of elements in the Internet of vehicles access matrix;
Figure FDA0003032820230000062
a utility function representing the access preference degree of the target vehicle to the first accessible network;
Figure FDA0003032820230000063
and representing the vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle.
11. A method of pre-switching a network of vehicles, comprising:
determining a target access network of a target vehicle through the ultra-dense networking-based internet of vehicles switching method of any one of claims 1-10;
sending a pre-switching request to the target access network, wherein the pre-switching request comprises interactive information of the target vehicle and the current access network;
receiving a request response data packet fed back by the target access network, wherein the request response data packet is used for representing that the target access network has received the pre-switching request;
sending a response notification for notifying the target vehicle that a network connection can be established with the target access network;
and when the signaling information fed back by the target access network is received, disconnecting the connection with the target vehicle, wherein the signaling information is used for representing that the connection between the target vehicle and the target access network is established.
12. The utility model provides a car networking auto-change over device based on ultra-dense network deployment which characterized in that includes:
the vehicle networking access matrix determining module is used for constructing a vehicle networking access matrix in a preset area according to the vehicle set, the accessible network set and the connection state of the vehicles and the accessible network at the current moment;
the access preference degree utility function calculation module is used for respectively calculating access preference degree utility functions of the target vehicle to the accessible networks according to the first influence parameters and the accessible network set, and the first influence parameters are used for representing accessible network preference degree influence parameters of the target vehicle;
the vehicle state evaluation utility function calculation module is used for respectively calculating vehicle state evaluation utility functions of the accessible networks on the target vehicle according to second influence parameters and the accessible network set, wherein the second influence parameters are used for representing influence parameters of vehicle state evaluation of the accessible networks;
the first target access network determining module is used for determining a target access network according to an access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to each accessible network, a vehicle state evaluation utility function of each accessible network to the target vehicle and the Internet of vehicles access matrix;
the access preference degree utility function calculation module is specifically configured to: respectively determining the influence degree of the first influence parameter corresponding to each accessible network on the determined target access network according to the first influence parameter and each accessible network; respectively determining relationship factors among the first influence parameters according to the influence degree of the first influence parameters on the determination of the target access network; determining a weight factor of the first influence parameter according to a plurality of relation factors; respectively calculating an access preference degree utility function of the target vehicle to a first accessible network according to the first influence parameter and the weight factor of the first influence parameter;
the vehicle state evaluation utility function calculation module is specifically configured to: respectively determining the influence degree of the second influence parameters corresponding to the accessible networks on the determined target access network according to the second influence parameters and the accessible networks; determining relationship factors among the second influence parameters respectively according to the influence degree of the second influence parameters on the determined target access network; determining a weight factor of the second influence parameter according to the plurality of relation factors; and respectively calculating a vehicle state evaluation utility function of the first accessible network to the target vehicle according to the second influence parameter and the weight factor of the second influence parameter.
13. A device in advance for a vehicle networking, comprising:
a second target access network determining module, configured to determine a target access network of a target vehicle through the ultra-dense networking-based internet of vehicles switching method according to any one of claims 1 to 11;
a pre-switching request sending module, configured to send a pre-switching request to the target access network, where the pre-switching request includes interaction information between the target vehicle and a current access network;
a request response data packet receiving module, configured to receive a request response data packet fed back by the target access network, where the request response data packet is used to indicate that the target access network has received the pre-handover request;
a response notification sending module, configured to send a response notification, where the response notification is used to notify the target vehicle that a network connection with the target access network may be established;
and the signaling information receiving module is used for disconnecting the connection with the target vehicle when signaling information fed back by the target access network is received, and the signaling information is used for representing that the connection between the target vehicle and the target access network is established.
14. A computer device, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the steps of the ultra dense group based pre-switching method for internet of vehicles method according to any one of claims 1-10 or the pre-switching method for internet of vehicles method according to claim 11.
15. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the ultra-dense networking based internet of vehicles switching method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or the internet of vehicles pre-switching method according to claim 11.
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