CN111883922B - Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle's signal processing equipment - Google Patents
Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle's signal processing equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111883922B CN111883922B CN202010745894.2A CN202010745894A CN111883922B CN 111883922 B CN111883922 B CN 111883922B CN 202010745894 A CN202010745894 A CN 202010745894A CN 111883922 B CN111883922 B CN 111883922B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
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Abstract
The invention provides an antenna and signal processing equipment of an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the antenna comprises a substrate, a plurality of dipoles and a feed network, wherein the dipoles are printed on the substrate, the antenna also comprises a guide unit which is arranged on the substrate and is matched with the feed network, and the dipoles comprise a vibrator unit arranged on one side of the substrate and a vibrator unit arranged on the other side of the substrate; the vibrator units comprise a first vibrator and a second vibrator, the vibrator units arranged on each of two sides of the substrate are axisymmetrically distributed, and the vibrator units arranged on one side of the substrate and the vibrator units arranged on the other side of the substrate are mirror image distributed; the feed network is connected with each vibrator unit. The antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention has good matching performance, radiation performance and symmetry of radiation directions, improves the gain of the antenna, and has long data capturing and transmitting distance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of data transmission, in particular to an antenna and signal processing equipment of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Background
Along with the continuous perfection of unmanned aerial vehicle function, unmanned aerial vehicle is widely used in fields such as take photo by plane, agriculture, electric power inspection. However, with the widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles, there are also problems of ambiguous flight areas, infringement of privacy, etc., and in order to ensure personal safety and privacy safety of the public, it is necessary to receive a certain level of interception.
Currently, in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles, data information (e.g., image information, position information, status information, etc.) transmitted by the unmanned aerial vehicle is generally acquired using an omni-directional antenna. The omni-directional antenna is generally in a dipole form or is similar to a circular polarization omni-directional antenna, and is limited by the gain characteristic of the antenna, so that the signal capturing and transmitting distance of the antenna is short. In addition, the main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the omnidirectional antenna are too narrow, and when the flight height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is too high, the omnidirectional antenna is usually positioned at an antenna radiation dead angle, so that the monitoring equipment of the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot capture data information sent by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the monitoring effect is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an antenna and signal processing equipment of an unmanned aerial vehicle, which are used for improving signal capturing and transmitting capacity of the antenna.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna comprising a substrate, a plurality of dipoles printed on the substrate, and a feed network, the antenna further comprising a director element disposed on the substrate for cooperation with the feed network, the dipoles comprising a dipole element disposed on one side of the substrate and a dipole element disposed on the other side of the substrate;
the vibrator units comprise a first vibrator and a second vibrator, the vibrator units arranged on each of two sides of the substrate are axisymmetrically distributed, and the vibrator units arranged on one side of the substrate and the vibrator units arranged on the other side of the substrate are mirror image distributed;
the feed network is connected with each vibrator unit.
Optionally, the vibrator unit includes one first vibrator and two second vibrators.
Optionally, the length of the first vibrator is greater than the length of the second vibrator.
Optionally, the two second vibrators are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first vibrator.
Optionally, the first vibrator includes a first main body portion and a first bending portion, and the two second vibrators are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the first main body portion.
Optionally, the first bending part is disposed at one end of the first main body, and the two second vibrators are symmetrically disposed at the other end of the first main body.
Optionally, one end of the first main body portion is vertically connected to a middle portion of the first bending portion.
Optionally, the second vibrators include a second main body portion and a second bending portion, wherein the second main body portions of the two second vibrators are disposed at one end of the first main body portion far away from the first bending portion, and the first main body portion is perpendicular to the second main body portion.
Optionally, the second bending portion is vertically disposed at an end of the second main body portion away from the first main body portion, where the second bending portion extends toward the first bending portion.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises a ground plate, and the substrate and the ground plate are arranged in parallel at a preset distance.
Optionally, the preset distance is determined according to one or more of an operating frequency, a radiation pattern, and a return loss.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises a feeding network, the feeding network comprises a feeding point, the feeding network comprises a first feeding line part for connecting two vibrator units, a second feeding line part for connecting two first feeding line parts, and a third feeding line part for connecting the second feeding line part and the feeding point, wherein the line widths of the second feeding line part and the third feeding line part are larger than the line width of the first feeding line part.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises an amplifying circuit, wherein the amplifying circuit is connected with the feeding point through a feeder line and is used for amplifying signals received by the antenna.
Optionally, the device also comprises a mounting plate,
one side of the mounting plate is provided with the grounding plate, and the other side of the mounting plate is provided with the amplifying circuit;
the base plate is arranged on one side of the grounding plate away from the mounting plate.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a signal processing apparatus of a unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising:
the plurality of antennas are used for receiving signals which are sent by the unmanned aerial vehicle and comprise unmanned aerial vehicle supervision information, and the antennas are any one of the antennas;
and the receiving path is used for analyzing the signals received by the antenna to acquire the supervision information of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the oscillator units arranged on each of the two sides of the substrate are in axisymmetric distribution, and the oscillator units arranged on one side of the substrate and the oscillator units arranged on the other side of the substrate are in mirror image distribution, so that signals radiated by the antenna have directionality, the gain of the antenna is large, and the data capturing and transmitting distance is long. The first vibrator and the second vibrator are arranged, so that capturing and transmitting of dual-band data are achieved. Vibrator units are respectively printed on two sides of the substrate, the radiation surface is increased, and symmetry of a radiation pattern is improved by arranging the guide units, so that signal capturing and transmitting capacity of the antenna in all directions is more uniform. The antenna has good matching performance and radiation performance, and the gain of the antenna in the band is stable.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention on a substrate side;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention on the other side of the substrate;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a return loss schematic of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7A is a main/cross polarization (phi=0/90 degrees) radiation pattern of an antenna in a frequency band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7B is a main/cross polarization (phi=0/90 degrees) radiation pattern of the antenna at another frequency band according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a signal processing apparatus of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a split schematic diagram of a signal processing device of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a split schematic diagram of a signal processing apparatus of the unmanned aerial vehicle in another direction according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a signal processing apparatus of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12A is a radiation pattern of an antenna in a signal processing apparatus of an unmanned aerial vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention on a frequency band;
fig. 12B is a radiation pattern of an antenna in the signal processing apparatus of the unmanned aerial vehicle on another frequency band according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13A is a radiation pattern of an antenna in a signal processing device of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention in a frequency band;
fig. 13B is a radiation pattern of an antenna in another frequency band in the signal processing device of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100: an antenna; 200: a receive path; 300: a fixing device of the antenna; 400: a combiner;
1: a substrate;
2: a dipole; 20: a vibrator unit; 21: a first vibrator; 211: a first body portion; 212: a first bending part; 22: a second vibrator; 221: a second body portion; 222: a second bending part;
3: a feed network; 31: a feeding point; 32: a first feeder line portion; 33: a second feeder line portion; 34: a third feeder line section; 35: a connection part;
4: a ground plate;
5: a steering unit;
6: a fixing part;
7: a connecting piece;
8: an amplifying circuit;
9: a mounting plate;
10: a fixing part.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The antenna and the signal processing device of the unmanned aerial vehicle of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The features of the examples and embodiments described below may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna 100, wherein the antenna is a directional antenna, and the antenna 100 includes a substrate 1, a dipole 2, a feeding network 3, a ground plate 4, and a director 5. The dipole 2 includes a dipole unit 20 disposed on one side of the substrate 1 and a dipole unit 20 disposed on the other side of the substrate 1, and the dipole unit 20 includes a first dipole 21 and a second dipole 22. The dipole 2, the feed network 3 and the guiding unit 5 are printed on the substrate 1, so as to fix the dipole 2, the feed network 3 and the guiding unit 5. The feed network 3 is connected to each vibrator unit 20 so that the signals received by each vibrator unit are transmitted by the feed network 3. The director 5 cooperates with the feed network 3 to improve the symmetry of the radiation direction. The substrate 1 and the ground plate are arranged in parallel at a preset distance H.
In the embodiment of the invention, the signal radiated by the antenna 100 has directionality by the ground plates 4 arranged in parallel at a preset distance H on one side of the substrate 1, the gain of the antenna 100 is large, and the data capturing and transmitting distance is long, wherein an air layer is arranged between the substrate 1 and the ground plates 4, so that the antenna 100 has good radiation characteristics. The lengths of the first vibrator 21 and the second vibrator 22 can be set according to the requirement, so that capturing and transmitting of dual-band data are achieved. Vibrator units 20 are printed on both sides of the substrate 1, respectively, to increase the radiation surface. And, symmetry of the radiation direction is improved by providing the guiding unit 5. The antenna 100 of the present invention has good matching performance and radiation performance, and the antenna 100 has stable gain in band.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 again, in this embodiment, a part of the feeding network 3 is disposed on one side of the substrate 1, and another part is disposed on the other side of the substrate 1, where the feeding network 3 on the same side on the substrate 1 is connected to each vibrator unit 20 on the same side.
The number of vibrator units 20 on both sides of the substrate 1 can be set as needed. Alternatively, the vibrator units 20 on both sides of the substrate 1 are even in number. In this embodiment, an even number of vibrator units 20 disposed on each side of the substrate are axially and axially distributed. In some embodiments, the number of dipole units 20 on both sides of the substrate 1 is 4, and the number of dipoles in the embodiment of the present invention is 4.
Herein, for convenience of description, a side of the substrate 1 away from the ground plate 4 is referred to as an upper surface of the substrate 1, a side of the substrate 1 close to the ground plate 4 is referred to as a lower surface of the substrate 1, and a structure of the upper surface of the substrate 1 will be described below.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in this embodiment, the transducer unit 20 includes a first transducer 21 and two second transducers 22. The length of the first oscillator 21 is greater than that of the second oscillator 22, so that the antenna 100 captures and transmits dual-band data, and the frequency band of the signal radiated by the first oscillator 21 is lower than that of the signal radiated by the second oscillator. Optionally, the frequency range of the signal captured and transmitted by the first vibrator 21 floats up and down at 2.4GHz (for example, 2.4GHz to 2.5 GHz), and the frequency range of the signal captured and transmitted by the second vibrator 22 is in a 5G full frequency range (for example, 5.1GHz to 5.85 GHz), and the 5G full frequency range includes 5.8GHz.
In some embodiments, the two second oscillators 22 are symmetrically disposed at two sides of the first oscillator 21, so that the radiation patterns of the first oscillator 21 and the second oscillator 22 are more symmetrical, and the main polarization crossover isolation of the antenna is high. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the first vibrator 21 includes a first main body 211 and a first bending portion 212, and the two second vibrators 22 are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the first main body 211. By providing the first main body portion 211 and the first bending portion 212, the structural arrangement of the first dipole 21 is compact, and the overall size of the antenna 100 is reduced. Alternatively, the first bending part 212 is disposed at one end of the first body 211, and the two second vibrators 22 are symmetrically disposed at the other end of the first body 211. The first bending portion 212 is connected to one end of the first body portion 211, and the two second vibrators 22 are connected to the other end of the first body portion 211.
In some embodiments, one end of the first main body 211 is vertically connected to the middle of the first bending portion 212, so that the structural arrangement of the first dipole 21 is further compact, and thus the overall size of the antenna 100 is reduced, and the structure of the first dipole 21 is a symmetrical structure, so that the radiation pattern of the first dipole 21 is more symmetrical, and the signal capturing and transmitting capabilities of the antenna in all directions are more uniform. In this embodiment, the first transducer 21 may look like a T-shaped structure.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the second vibrators 22 include a second main body 221 and a second bending portion 222, wherein the second main body 221 of the two second vibrators 22 are symmetrically connected to one end of the first main body 211 away from the first bending portion, and the first main body 211 is perpendicular to the second main body 221.
The second bending portion 222 is vertically disposed at an end of the second body portion 221 away from the first body portion 211, where the second bending portion 222 extends toward the first bending portion 212, and the second vibrator 22 is similar to an "L" structure. In addition, in order to realize the dual-frequency characteristic and facilitate the adjustment of the performance parameters of the first vibrator 21 and the second vibrator 22, the first bending portion 212 and the second bending portion 222 do not intersect.
In this embodiment, the substrate 1 is approximately rectangular, and the first bending portion 112 is parallel to a short side of the rectangle, and the second bending portion 222 extends from the second main body 221 toward the same short side in each vibrator unit 20. This is because when the antenna 100 is used, the first bending portion 112 and the second main portion 221 of the same dipole unit 20 need to be placed in the pitch direction along the short side direction, so that the dipole unit 20 can better receive signals or transmit signals, and the substrate 1 is designed to be approximately rectangular, so that the antenna 100 is convenient to mount.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the dipole units 20 disposed on the lower surface of the substrate 1 are in mirror image distribution with the dipole units disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, so as to increase the radiation surface, so that the antenna 100 has better radiation performance, matching performance and stable gain. Wherein, a dipole 2 is formed by a vibrator unit 20 on the upper surface of the substrate 1 and a vibrator unit on the lower surface of the substrate 1 in mirror image distribution. For example, 8 dipole units 20 are provided on the upper surface of the substrate 1, 8 dipole units 20 are provided on the lower surface of the substrate 1, and the antenna includes 8 dipoles 2. In this embodiment, each dipole 2 has a shape similar to a butterfly shape.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the feed network includes a feed point 31, a first feed line portion 32, a second feed line portion 33, and a third feed line portion 34. Wherein the first feed line portion 32 is used for connecting two vibrator units, the second feed line portion 33 is used for connecting two first feed line portions 32, and the third feed line portion 34 is used for connecting the second feed line portion 33 and the feed point 31. The third feeder line portion 34 has one end connected to the second feeder line portion 33 and the other end connected to the feeding point 31.
In order to match the vibrator unit 20, in the present embodiment, the line widths of the first, second, and third feeder portions 32, 33, and 34 need to be set to a width matching the vibrator unit 20. Specifically, the line widths of the second and third feeder portions 33 and 34 are larger than the line width of the first feeder portion 32. The line width of both ends of the first feeder line portion 32 is greater than the line width of the center thereof. The line width of the end portion of the third feeder line portion 34 connected to the feeding point 31 is smaller than the line width of the other portions of the third feeder line portion 34.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 again, the feeding network 3 further includes a connection portion 35 connected to the vibrator unit. Alternatively, the connection portion 35 is connected to an end surface of a joint portion where the first vibrator and the second vibrator are connected, specifically, the connection portion 35 is connected to an end surface of a joint portion where the first body portion 211 and the second body portion 221 are connected.
In this embodiment, the steering unit 5 includes two steering units respectively disposed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate 1 to respectively cooperate with the feeding network 3 disposed on the upper surface of the substrate 1 and the feeding network 3 disposed on the lower surface of the substrate 1, so as to improve the symmetry of the radiation pattern of the antenna 100. In this embodiment, the third feeder line portion 34 on the upper surface of the substrate 1 and the guiding unit 5 on the upper surface of the substrate 1 are respectively located at two sides of the second feeder line portion 33 on the upper surface of the substrate 1, and the third feeder line portion 34 on the lower surface of the substrate 1 and the guiding unit 5 on the lower surface of the substrate 1 are respectively located at two sides of the second feeder line portion 33 on the lower surface of the substrate 1. Specifically, the guiding units 5 on the upper surface of the substrate 1 are in mirror image distribution with the third feeder line portion 34 on the upper surface of the substrate 1, and the guiding units 5 on the lower surface of the substrate 1 are in mirror image distribution with the third feeder line portion 34 on the lower surface of the substrate 1, that is, the guiding units 5 on each of two sides of the substrate 1 are in mirror image distribution with the third feeder line portion 34 on the same side, so as to improve the symmetry of the radiation pattern of the antenna 100.
Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the feeding network 3 on the upper surface of the substrate 1 and the feeding network 3 on the lower surface of the substrate 1 are overlapped, the director unit 5 on the upper surface of the substrate 1 and the director unit 5 on the lower surface of the substrate 1 are approximately overlapped, and the connection portion 35 provided on the lower surface of the substrate 1 and the connection portion 35 provided on the upper surface of the substrate are in mirror image distribution, so as to be matched with the vibrator unit 20.
The antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is connected to an external device through a feeder line. Specifically, the inner core of the feeder is connected with the feed network 3 on one side of the substrate 1, and the outer conductor of the feeder is connected with the feed network 3 on the other side of the substrate, so that the connection mode is simple and convenient. In this embodiment, the feed point 31 of the antenna 100 is connected to the feed line. Optionally, the feeding point 31 on the upper surface of the substrate 1 and the feeding point 31 on the lower surface thereof are communicated by the same via hole, an inner core of the feeder line penetrates through the via hole and is welded on the feeding point 31 on the upper surface of the substrate 1, an outer conductor of the feeder line is directly welded on the feeding point 31 on the lower surface of the substrate 1, and an external device is connected with an antenna through the feeder line, so that a signal generated by the external device is transmitted to each vibrator unit 20 by using the feeder network 3 and is emitted by each vibrator unit 20, and the signal emission function of the antenna 100 is realized; or the signals received by the vibrator units 20 are transmitted to an external device by the feed network 3, so that a signal receiving function is realized. Optionally, the feeder is a coaxial cable.
In some embodiments, the antenna 100 may also be an active antenna, referring to fig. 5, the antenna 100 further includes an amplifying circuit 8, where the amplifying circuit 8 is connected to the feeding point 31 through a feeder line, and is used for amplifying a signal received by the antenna 100. Alternatively, the amplifying circuit 8 may transmit the amplified signal to an external device, wherein the external device may be a circuit having signal processing capability, such as a parsing device, a processor, or the like. In this embodiment, the amplifying circuit 8 is provided, so that the antenna 100 forms an active antenna, which is convenient for subsequent signal analysis. Specifically, the amplifying circuit 8 is a low noise amplifying circuit (i.e., LNA amplifying circuit, english full name: low Noise Amplifier) or other types of amplifying circuits.
In this embodiment, the antenna 100 further includes a mounting board 9 for fixing the ground plate 4 and the amplifying circuit 8. Specifically, the ground plate 4 is mounted on one side of the mounting plate 9, and the amplifying circuit 8 is mounted on the other side. Wherein the base plate 1 is arranged on the side of the ground plate 4 remote from the mounting plate 9, thereby preventing the interference of the amplifying circuit 8 to the vibrator unit 20.
Referring to fig. 5 again, a fixing portion 10 is further provided on the side of the mounting plate 9 away from the ground plate 4, for fixing the antenna 100, so as to facilitate fixing the antenna 100 to the antenna fixing device.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the positions of the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate 1 may be interchanged, that is, the upper surface of the substrate 1 is disposed towards the ground plate 4, the lower surface of the substrate 1 is disposed away from the ground plate 4, when the antenna 100 is connected to an external device through a feeder line, an inner core of the feeder line is connected to the feeding network 3 on the lower surface of the substrate 1, and an outer conductor of the feeder line is connected to the feeding network 3 on the upper surface of the substrate 1.
In this embodiment, the substrate 1 may be a ceramic layer or a plastic layer. Alternatively, the dipoles 2, the feed network 3 and the director 5 may be printed on both sides of the substrate 1 using a double-sided copper-clad process, which is easy to process.
Currently, the design of a directional antenna is generally that a substrate 1 provided with a dipole 2 and a feed network 3 is arranged vertically or obliquely to a ground plane 4. In the present embodiment, the ground plate 4 and the substrate 1 are disposed at regular intervals and have an air layer therebetween, so that the performance of the antenna 100 is better. Specifically, the ground plate 4 is used as a reflecting plate of the antenna 100, and is disposed in parallel to uniformly reflect radiation generated by the antenna 100 in all directions, so that the antenna 100 has directionality, the gain of the antenna 100 is increased, and the signal transmission distance is long. Optionally, the ground plate 4 is a metal plate, such as an aluminum plate, a steel plate, or an alloy plate. Preferably, the grounding plate 4 is an aluminum plate.
In order to make the antenna 100 have better directivity, in some examples, referring to fig. 3, the area of the ground plate 4 is larger than that of the substrate 1, and the signal is transmitted in a direction away from the substrate 1 by the reflection of the ground plate 4, so as to implement the directivity of the antenna 100. In other examples, the area of the ground plate 4 is equal to the area of the substrate 1, and the antenna 100 is designed to be smaller, and meanwhile, the antenna 100 can be ensured to have better directivity.
To achieve a fixation between the substrate 1 and the ground plate 4, so that the ground plate 4 can be kept at a preset distance H from said ground plate 4, so that the performance of the antenna 100 is maintained optimal, while ensuring that the antenna 100 can capture and transmit signals normally, said substrate 1 and said ground plate 4 are connected by means of a connection 7.
In certain embodiments, the connector is an insulated connector. Optionally, the material of the insulating connecting piece is plastic or other insulating materials, and the embodiment of the invention does not limit the material of the insulating connecting piece, and any insulating material belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
In some embodiments, the connecting member 7 may be a metal connecting member, and the material of the metal connecting member is not specifically limited in the present invention. However, it should be noted that the positions of the metal connectors on the substrate 1 should be far away from the placement positions of the dipole unit 20, the feeding network 3 and the director unit 5 on the substrate 1, so as to prevent the metal connectors from affecting the performance of the antenna.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, the substrate 1 is provided with a fixing portion 6, and the ground plate 4 is provided with a fixing end matched with the fixing portion 6. Alternatively, the fixing portion 6 and the fixing end may be fixing holes, clamping grooves, or other fixing structures.
In some embodiments, the fixing portion 6 and the fixing end are both fixing holes, and one end of the connecting piece 7 is inserted into the fixing portion 6, and the other end is inserted into the fixing end, so that the ground plate 4 is stably maintained at a predetermined distance H on one side of the substrate 1, thereby maintaining the performance optimization of the antenna 100.
In some embodiments, the fixing portion 6 and the fixing end are both clamping grooves, one end of the insulating connection is clamped on the fixing portion 6, and the other end is clamped on the fixing end, so that the ground plate 4 is stably maintained at a preset distance H on one side of the substrate 1, and further performance optimization of the antenna 100 is maintained.
In order to further enable the ground plate 4 to be stably disposed at the preset distance H of the substrate 1, so as to maintain the performance optimization of the antenna 100, at least two fixing portions 6 are provided, at least two fixing portions 6 are correspondingly matched with at least two fixing portions, and the connection position between the ground plate 4 and the substrate 1 is increased, so that the connection stability between the ground plate 4 and the substrate 1 is ensured. Alternatively, at least two fixing portions 6 and at least two fixing ends are respectively distributed on the substrate 1 and the ground plate 4 in a dispersed manner. Preferably, at least two of the fixing portions 6 are uniformly distributed on the substrate 1, for example, at least two of the fixing portions 6 are uniformly distributed around the center of the substrate 1. Correspondingly, at least two fixed ends are also uniformly distributed on the grounding surface.
In this embodiment, the preset distance H may be adjustable, for example, the preset distance H may be determined according to one or more of an operating frequency (i.e. a frequency of a transmission signal), a radiation pattern, and a return loss. Preferably, the preset distance H is determined according to three factors of the working frequency, the radiation pattern and the return loss of the signal, so as to balance the working frequency, the radiation pattern and the return loss, and ensure the optimization of the performance of the antenna 100 to meet the requirements of users. Alternatively, the predetermined distance H is 12mm (unit: mm), that is, the distance of the antenna 100 in the signal transmission direction thereof is 12mm, the thickness is small, and the section of the antenna 100 is low.
In this embodiment, the ground plate 4 and the substrate 1 are disposed in parallel, so that the performance of the whole antenna 100 can be maintained in an optimal state, and the structure is simpler, and the connection between the substrate 1 and the ground plate 4 is more convenient.
Referring to fig. 6, the return loss of the antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown that the gains of the antenna 100 at four samples of 2.2464GHz, 2.5649GHz, 5.3527GHz and 6.4317GHz are sampled in fig. 6, which indicates that the port matching characteristic of the antenna 100 is better.
Referring to fig. 7A, which is a main/cross polarization (phi=0/90°, phi represents a parameter, in units of degrees) radiation direction diagram of the antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention at 2.4GHz, and fig. 7B, which is a main/cross polarization (phi=0/90°) radiation direction diagram of the antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention at 5.8GHz, it can be seen that the main lobe of the antenna 100 has definite direction, small back lobe, excellent antenna performance, and at the same time, the antenna has a higher main cross polarization ratio, which is greater than 30dB (in units of decibels) in the main lobe direction.
It should be noted that the antenna 100 of the present embodiment may be applied to a system that needs to transmit signals or receive signals, for example, a ground control system of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a unmanned aerial vehicle system, a control system of a robot, or a control system of a remote control car.
Example two
With reference to fig. 8, 9 and 10, the embodiment of the invention further provides a signal processing device of the unmanned aerial vehicle, which is used for monitoring a signal transmission link between the unmanned aerial vehicle and ground control equipment thereof, so as to obtain monitoring information of the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time, and facilitate timely finding the unmanned aerial vehicle flying in black or recording a black flying event. Specifically, the signal processing device of the unmanned aerial vehicle includes an antenna 100, a receiving path 200, and a fixing device 300 of the antenna. The antenna 100 is configured to receive a signal including the unmanned aerial vehicle supervision information sent by the unmanned aerial vehicle, in this embodiment, the antenna 100 is multiple, and multiple antennas 100 are circumferentially disposed along the antenna fixing device 300, so that the antenna 100 obtains the signal including the unmanned aerial vehicle supervision information sent by the unmanned aerial vehicle. The receiving path 200 is configured to parse a signal received by the antenna to obtain supervision information of the unmanned aerial vehicle, so as to realize monitoring on the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle. Wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle supervision information may include an ID (identification number) of the unmanned aerial vehicle, a flight path, altitude, speed, location (e.g., latitude and longitude information), heading, and the like. In this embodiment, according to the characteristics of the radiation patterns of the antennas 100, the positions of the plurality of antennas 100 fixed on the antenna fixing device 300 are laid out, and the omnidirectional coverage monitoring is realized by surrounding the plurality of antennas 100, so that the monitoring dead angle is reduced, the monitoring efficiency is high, and the monitoring requirement is met.
Referring to fig. 11, the apparatus further includes a plurality of combiners 400, the reception paths 200 being plural, each reception path 200 being connected to one of the plurality of combiners 400. In this embodiment, each of the plurality of combiners 400 is configured to combine signals (i.e., signals sent by the unmanned aerial vehicle and including the unmanned aerial vehicle supervision information) received by a preset number of antennas 100 in the plurality of antennas 100, so as to integrate circuits, so that the device has a simple structure and low cost. And, each of the plurality of receiving paths 200 is configured to parse the synthesized signal to obtain the supervision information of the unmanned aerial vehicle, thereby identifying the supervision information of the unmanned aerial vehicle. Specifically, each of the plurality of combiners 400 is configured to combine the signals received by two antennas 100 disposed opposite from each other among the plurality of antennas 100. Since the closer the two antennas 100 are disposed on the antenna fixing device 300, the greater the coupling degree of the radiation patterns between the two antennas, and the greater the possibility of distortion of the radiation patterns after the signals received by the two antennas 100 are synthesized by the combiner 400, each combiner 400 in this embodiment is used to connect two antennas 100 disposed opposite to each other.
In this embodiment, the receiving path 200 includes parsing devices of multiple communication protocols, and the parsing devices of the multiple communication protocols are configured to parse signals received by the antenna to obtain parsing results, where parsing results of parsing devices of at least one of the parsing devices of the multiple communication protocols include unmanned aerial vehicle supervision information. Specifically, since the communication protocol used for communication between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground control device thereof may be wifi protocol, SDR protocol (english: software Defined Radio, chinese generic term: wireless communication protocol based on software definition) or custom protocol, in order to analyze signals including supervisory information of the unmanned aerial vehicle transmitted in different protocols, the receiving path 200 may include analysis devices of multiple protocols, so as to effectively identify the signals of the unmanned aerial vehicle transmitted using the different communication protocols.
In this embodiment, the antenna 100 in the signal processing device of the unmanned aerial vehicle may be selected as the antenna or other antenna structures in the first embodiment. In a specific implementation manner, the antenna 100 in the signal processing device of the unmanned aerial vehicle is selected as the active antenna in the first embodiment, and the loss generated in the combiner 400 by the signal including the supervision information of the unmanned aerial vehicle sent by the unmanned aerial vehicle can be effectively compensated by the amplifying circuit 8 of the active antenna.
Referring to fig. 9, 10 and 11, in a specific embodiment, the fixing device 300 of the antenna is a fixing rod, the number of the antennas 100 is four, the number of the combiners 400 is two, and the number of the receiving paths 200 is also two. Four antennas 100 are uniformly distributed in the circumference of the fixed rod, and among the four antennas 100, one group of two antennas 100 placed in a back direction are connected with one of two combiners 400, the other group of two antennas 100 placed in a back direction are connected with the other of the two combiners 400, each combiners 400 is connected with a corresponding receiving channel 200, the fixed positions of the plurality of antennas 100 are laid out according to the characteristics of the radiation patterns of the antennas 100, and through the surrounding layout of the four antennas 100, the omnidirectional coverage monitoring of unmanned aerial vehicle signals in the horizontal direction is realized, so that the monitoring dead angles are reduced, the monitoring efficiency is high, and the monitoring requirement is met.
Referring to fig. 12A and 12B, the radiation patterns of the dual antenna 100 (i.e., two antennas 100 are fixed in the circumferential direction of the antenna fixing device 300) in the frequency band of 2.4GHz and the frequency band of 5.8GHz are respectively increased by 3dB of active gain compensation, which indicates that the symmetry of the radiation patterns of the antenna 100 is better.
Referring to fig. 13A and 13B, the radiation patterns of the four antennas 100 (i.e., four antennas 100 are fixed in the circumferential direction of the antenna fixing device 300) in the frequency band of 2.4GHz and the frequency band of 5.8GHz are respectively increased by 3dB of active gain compensation, which indicates that the symmetry of the radiation patterns of the antennas 100 is better.
In the description of the present invention, "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right" should be understood as the "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right" direction of the antenna 100 formed by the substrate 1 and the ground plate 4 in this order from top to bottom.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The antenna and the signal processing device of the unmanned aerial vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention are described in detail, and specific examples are applied to the description of the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the above embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
Claims (15)
1. The antenna comprises a substrate, a plurality of dipoles and a feed network, wherein the dipoles are printed on the substrate, the antenna is characterized by further comprising a guide unit which is arranged on the substrate and is used for being matched with the feed network, and the dipoles comprise a vibrator unit which is arranged on one side of the substrate and a vibrator unit which is arranged on the other side of the substrate;
the vibrator units comprise a first vibrator and a second vibrator, the vibrator units arranged on each of two sides of the substrate are axisymmetrically distributed, and the vibrator units arranged on one side of the substrate and the vibrator units arranged on the other side of the substrate are mirror image distributed;
the feed network is connected with each vibrator unit;
the feed network comprises a feed point, the feed network comprises a first feed line part used for connecting two vibrator units, a second feed line part used for connecting the two first feed line parts, a third feed line part used for connecting the second feed line part and the feed point, the guide units on the upper surface of the substrate and the third feed line part on the upper surface of the substrate are in mirror image distribution, and the guide units on the lower surface of the substrate and the third feed line part on the lower surface of the substrate are in mirror image distribution.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the element unit comprises a first element and two second elements.
3. An antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the first element is greater than the length of the second element.
4. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the two second elements are symmetrically disposed on either side of the first element.
5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the first element comprises a first body portion and a first bend portion, and the two second elements are symmetrically disposed on either side of the first body portion.
6. The antenna of claim 5, wherein the first bending portion is disposed at one end of the first body portion, and the two second elements are symmetrically disposed at the other end of the first body portion.
7. The antenna of claim 6, wherein one end of the first body portion is vertically connected to a middle portion of the first bending portion.
8. The antenna of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the second element comprises a second body portion and a second bending portion, wherein the second body portions of the two second elements are disposed on an end of the first body portion remote from the first bending portion, and wherein the first body portion is perpendicular to the second body portion.
9. The antenna of claim 8, wherein the second bend is disposed vertically on an end of the second body portion remote from the first body portion, wherein the second bend extends toward the first bend.
10. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a ground plate, wherein the substrate is disposed parallel to the ground plate at a predetermined distance.
11. The antenna of claim 10, wherein the predetermined distance is determined based on one or more of an operating frequency, a radiation pattern, and a return loss.
12. The antenna of claim 10, wherein the line widths of the second and third feed line portions are greater than the line width of the first feed line portion.
13. The antenna of claim 12, further comprising an amplification circuit coupled to the feed point via a feed line for amplifying a signal received by the antenna.
14. The antenna of claim 13, further comprising a mounting plate,
one side of the mounting plate is provided with the grounding plate, and the other side of the mounting plate is provided with the amplifying circuit;
the base plate is arranged on one side of the grounding plate away from the mounting plate.
15. A signal processing device for an unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising:
a plurality of antennas for receiving signals sent by the unmanned aerial vehicle and including unmanned aerial vehicle supervision information, wherein the antennas are the antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 14;
and the receiving path is used for analyzing the signals received by the antenna to acquire the supervision information of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010745894.2A CN111883922B (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle's signal processing equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2017/085325 WO2018213978A1 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | Antenna, and signal processing device for unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN201780004594.5A CN108513687B (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle's signal processing equipment |
| CN202010745894.2A CN111883922B (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle's signal processing equipment |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201780004594.5A Division CN108513687B (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle's signal processing equipment |
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| CN111883922A CN111883922A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| CN111883922B true CN111883922B (en) | 2023-05-30 |
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| CN202010745894.2A Active CN111883922B (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle's signal processing equipment |
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| CN201780004594.5A Expired - Fee Related CN108513687B (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle's signal processing equipment |
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| WO (1) | WO2018213978A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110416701A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-05 | 西安多小波信息技术有限责任公司 | A kind of air communications antenna system and communication means based on flight attitude perception |
| KR102680769B1 (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2024-07-02 | 삼성전기주식회사 | Antenna apparatus |
| CN111029719A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-04-17 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术有限公司 | Antenna and aircraft |
| WO2021104012A1 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-06-03 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司 | Antenna and aircraft |
| CN111029791A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-17 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Tightly coupled dipole reflection antenna array |
| CN111987424B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-03-15 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | Antenna structure, antenna glass assembly and vehicle |
| CN114614255A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna |
| CN112952380A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-11 | 肇庆市祥嘉盛科技有限公司 | Vibrator subassembly and antenna |
| CN112886215A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-01 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司 | Antenna, wireless signal processing equipment and unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN113540764A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-10-22 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司 | Antenna and unmanned vehicles |
| CN114280367B (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2022-10-14 | 湖南华诺星空电子技术有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle signal frequency point detection method under complex electromagnetic environment |
| CN114374088B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-09-22 | 西安交通大学 | Planar ultra-wideband ground penetrating radar antenna |
| CN115832686A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-21 | 浙江时空道宇科技有限公司 | Shaped S frequency band antenna and aircraft |
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- 2017-05-22 CN CN202010745894.2A patent/CN111883922B/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108513687A (en) | 2018-09-07 |
| CN111883922A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| WO2018213978A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 |
| CN108513687B (en) | 2020-09-01 |
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