CN111883894A - Broadband H-surface T-shaped waveguide - Google Patents
Broadband H-surface T-shaped waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN111883894A CN111883894A CN202010755900.2A CN202010755900A CN111883894A CN 111883894 A CN111883894 A CN 111883894A CN 202010755900 A CN202010755900 A CN 202010755900A CN 111883894 A CN111883894 A CN 111883894A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
- H01P3/123—Hollow waveguides with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides
Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband H-surface T-shaped waveguide, and belongs to the technical field of waveguides. The common waveguide is a hollow rectangular straight waveguide section, the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide are positioned on the wide-side plane of the common waveguide, the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide are stepped impedance transformation rectangular waveguide sections, the ascending directions of the steps of the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide are opposite, and the central waveguide lamination is formed by directly laminating an upper layer of bent waveguides and a lower layer of bent waveguides, wherein the bending directions of the upper layer of bent waveguides and the lower layer of bent waveguides are opposite. The invention has the characteristics of wide standing wave ratio bandwidth, wide power division ratio bandwidth and wide phase consistency bandwidth, and has simple structure and easy processing. The invention solves the problems of power distribution and synthesis of an antenna broadband feed network system, and can meet the requirements of most station antennas on equal-division or unequal-division waveguides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waveguides, in particular to a broadband H-surface T-shaped waveguide.
Background
In the field of microwave antenna communication, power dividing networks and power combining networks are common passive subsystems in various station-type antenna feed networks, and specifically, the power dividing networks have various types such as microstrip line structures, coaxial structures, dielectric integrated waveguides, metal waveguide structures and the like. The metal waveguide cavity power division network is widely applied to a microwave communication system due to the characteristics of low insertion loss, high power capacity and the like, and the T-shaped waveguide is more used in a feed network as a core unit of the waveguide cavity power division network and the power synthesis network. Although the T-shaped waveguide structure is small, the T-shaped waveguide structure directly determines the use bandwidth of the antenna, and with the continuous progress of the design of an antenna system, the requirements on the consistency of the bandwidth and the amplitude of the microwave device are more rigorous. Numerous scholars at home and abroad carry out deep research on power distribution network systems and devices.
The T-shaped waveguide power divider is divided into two types of E-surface T-shaped waveguides and H-surface T-shaped waveguides according to the appearance, and the T-shaped waveguides are equally divided into power and unequal power according to power division. The T-shaped power divider with the ridge rectangular waveguide has the advantages that the bandwidth can reach the frequency multiplication, but the design and processing difficulty is high, the general use is limited, and the impedance transformation difficulty is high. The traditional rectangular waveguide interface E-surface (H-surface) T-shaped waveguide is usually used for energy division or multi-frequency use by adding metal spacers, cones, metal rods and the like on the top of a T-shaped power divider, the single-frequency use bandwidth is within 20%, and the use bandwidth is greatly reduced when low return loss is used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that a single frequency is used and the bandwidth is relatively narrow when the existing H-surface T-shaped waveguide rectangular waveguide interface is used, and provides a broadband H-surface T-shaped waveguide which can meet the requirement of equal division or unequal division and has the advantages of wide bandwidth, excellent index, compact structure, easiness in processing and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a broadband H-plane T-shaped waveguide comprises a common waveguide 1, a first branch waveguide 2, a second branch waveguide 3 and a central waveguide lamination 4; the common waveguide 1 is a hollow rectangular straight waveguide section, the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 are positioned on a wide-side plane of the common waveguide 1, the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 are stepped impedance transformation rectangular waveguide sections, the ascending directions of the stepped steps of the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 are opposite, and the central waveguide lamination 4 is formed by directly laminating upper and lower layers of bent waveguides with opposite bending directions.
Further, the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure and size, and the upper and lower layers of the reverse bent waveguides of the central waveguide lamination 4 are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure and size.
Furthermore, the bend of the curved waveguide is of a stepped bending structure, the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 have different step sizes, and the thicknesses of the upper layer of curved waveguide and the lower layer of curved waveguide of the central waveguide lamination 4 and the step sizes of the bent part are different.
Furthermore, the bend angle of the curved waveguide is a chamfer, a fillet or a step bending structure.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the left branch and the right branch of the invention inherit the broadband characteristics of the single-bend waveguide and the multistage stepped impedance converter, so that the bandwidth of the H-surface T-shaped waveguide single-frequency standing wave can be maximally expanded to more than 45% when the rectangular waveguide interface is used.
2. The invention abandons the traditional mode that the H-surface T-shaped waveguide cuts the electric field in the direction parallel to the electric field to realize power distribution, realizes power distribution by cutting the electric field in the orthogonal direction through directly splicing the upper and lower independent reverse curved waveguides, has less influence on the phase and is easier to realize the broadband with amplitude-phase consistency.
3. The invention is different from the traditional H-surface T-shaped waveguide, and the structural form of the invention can be well suitable for two electrical design requirements of equal division and unequal division.
4. The invention has simple structure, easy process design and processing, low cost and suitability for engineering mass production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a T-shaped waveguide in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an external view of a T-type waveguide device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the inner cavity structure of the lower waveguide block in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a T-shaped waveguide with a corner being a chamfer or a fillet (a two-branch step structure is not shown).
Fig. 5 is a graph of the single T return loss simulation of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cascade structure of a single-branch and corner-cut central waveguide stack.
FIG. 7 is a graph of a simulation of the VSWR of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the thickness of the upper layer bend waveguide and the T-shaped waveguide in a corner cut central waveguide stack.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the main structural parameters of an H-plane T-shaped waveguide in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing simulated voltage standing wave ratios of power-halved H-plane T-shaped waveguides in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a simulation graph of return loss of the power unequal H-plane T-shaped waveguide in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a transmission loss amplitude frequency response graph of the power unequal H-plane T-shaped waveguide in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a transmission loss phase difference frequency response graph of the power unequal H-plane T-shaped waveguide in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-common waveguide, 2-first branch waveguide, 3-second branch waveguide, 4-central waveguide lamination, 5-upper layer T-shaped waveguide block, and 6-lower layer T-shaped waveguide block.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a broadband H-plane T-shaped waveguide, a T-shaped waveguide cavity of which includes four parts, namely a common waveguide 1, a first branch waveguide 2, a second branch waveguide 3 and a central waveguide stack 4, is distributed in a T-shaped structure; the T-shaped waveguide electrically belongs to an H-surface T-shaped waveguide, and the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 are positioned on a broadside plane of the common waveguide 1; the T-shaped waveguide process can be divided into an upper T-shaped waveguide block 5 and a lower T-shaped waveguide block 6, and the upper T-shaped waveguide block and the lower T-shaped waveguide block are welded or screwed to be finally formed.
Furthermore, the central waveguide lamination layer 4 is formed by directly laminating an upper layer and a lower layer of opposite bent waveguides, and a metal or other medium spacer layer is not arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer of bent waveguides.
Furthermore, the common waveguide 1 is a hollow rectangular straight waveguide segment, the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 are stepped impedance transformation rectangular waveguide segments with variable orders, and the ascending directions of the steps are opposite.
Furthermore, when the power equal-division T-shaped waveguide is designed, the step sizes of the symmetrical positions of the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 are completely the same, and the step sizes of the symmetrical positions of the upper layer and the lower layer of the bent waveguide of the central waveguide laminated layer 4 are completely the same; when the power equal division T-shaped waveguide is designed, the structure sizes of the upper layer T-shaped waveguide block 5 and the lower layer T-shaped waveguide block 6 are completely the same.
Further, the upper and lower layers of reverse curved waveguides may be corner cut, rounded (as shown in fig. 4) or a step-bent structure with variable order.
Furthermore, the T-shaped waveguide can be designed into a power equal-division T-shaped waveguide and a power unequal-division T-shaped waveguide according to different requirements; for the power unequal T-shaped waveguide, the sizes of the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 are different; for different power division ratio requirements, the thicknesses of the upper layer and the lower layer of the reverse bent waveguides of the central waveguide lamination layer 4 and the sizes of the steps at the bent positions are different.
The T-shaped waveguide is a three-port structure. The T-shaped waveguide joint is a simplest three-port passive power distribution/synthesis microwave device, but is widely applied to power distribution networks. In theory, for a linear lossless condition, a three-port T-shaped waveguide cannot achieve three-port simultaneous matching.
The T-shaped waveguide is H-plane type, i.e. branch waveguide broad surface and main mode TE10The planes of the mode magnetic fields H are parallel and two pathsThe branch waveguides are connected in parallel to the common waveguide, and assuming that the characteristic impedance of the common waveguide 1 is Z0, the characteristic impedance of the first branch waveguide 2 is Z1, and the characteristic impedance of the second branch waveguide 3 is Z2, the following relationship exists:
by adjusting the ratio of Z1 to Z2, different power splitting/combining ratios can be achieved, and in particular, when the impedance is matched and the characteristic impedance of the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 is the same, the power splitting T-shaped waveguide is formed, and the received power of each branch waveguide is-3 dB.
The design of H-plane T-waveguides generally requires low loss, low standing waves and wide frequency bands. Electrically, the implementation is mainly realized by setting a reasonable wave-splitting structure at the position of the central waveguide lamination 4 and considering impedance matching. Considering that the common single-bend waveguide is simple in design, and the maximum used bandwidth is critical to the standard waveguide used bandwidth. The T-shaped waveguide uses the broadband characteristic of the single-bent waveguide for reference, and abandons the traditional concept of equal-wave splitting by a metal spacer, and the position of the central waveguide lamination layer 4 of the T-shaped waveguide is designed into a direct reverse lamination form of two single-bent waveguides. As can be seen from the simulation of FIG. 5, the bandwidth exceeds 54% when the return loss is-20 dB, which proves the power division broadband characteristic.
Further, as is well known, the multi-stage stepped impedance converter can realize a wide bandwidth, as can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, when the central waveguide stack 4 and the first branch waveguide 2 cavity are simply cascaded and then are properly optimized, and when the standing wave 1.2:1 is used, the working bandwidth exceeds 45%, which meets the design requirement of the broadband.
From the above analysis, the H-plane T-shaped waveguide has an inherent single-frequency broadband characteristic. Meanwhile, as can be seen from fig. 8, the power distribution ratio of the two branch waveguides can be designed by adjusting the thickness ratio H/B, i.e. setting the appropriate thickness ratio of the inverted single-bend waveguide. Therefore, the H-surface T-shaped waveguide is a three-port microwave device which has the characteristics of single frequency, broadband and can be used for power equal division or power unequal division.
It is noted that another advantage of the H-plane T-shaped waveguide is its simple process design. As shown in fig. 2, when the waveguide block is used as a power equal part or a power unequal part, the waveguide block can be divided into two parts, namely an upper layer T-shaped waveguide block 5 and a lower layer T-shaped waveguide block 6, which have the same processing technology. In particular, the two parts are identical when power is divided equally.
As a power divider, the working principle of the H-surface T-shaped waveguide is as follows: when the microwave radio-frequency signal transmission device is used usually, a microwave radio-frequency signal is input from a public port, the radio-frequency signal is divided into an upper path of signal and a lower path of signal in the central waveguide lamination layer 4, the upper path of signal and the lower path of signal are transmitted to the first branch port and the second branch port through two multi-stage stepped impedance transformation sections in a lossless mode, the electric field vector directions of the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 are the same, and 180-degree phase mutation cannot occur. Specifically, when the first branch waveguide 2 and the second branch waveguide 3 are used for power division, the two branch ports are output in phase and with equal amplitude. The common T-shaped waveguide is a lossless reciprocal three-port device, and when the T-shaped waveguide is used as a power combiner, the working principle is opposite, and the description is omitted.
For the convenience of public understanding, a power equal division H-plane T-type waveguide and a power unequal division H-plane T-type waveguide are taken as examples, and the effect of the present invention is described in conjunction with the corresponding drawings.
Case one: ka broadband power equal-division H-plane T-shaped waveguide
The design frequency is 17.7GHz-23.55GHz, and the preset power ratio is 1: 1.
the corresponding values of the main structural parameters in fig. 9 are as follows:
W1=W2=W3=10.668mm；B1=B2=B3=4.318mm；H21=H31=2.16；
H22=H32=2.49；H23=H33=3.64。
fig. 10 shows the simulation result of the voltage standing wave ratio of the common opening of the above-mentioned halved T-shaped waveguide. As can be seen from the figure, the standing-wave ratio in the bandwidth of 17.7GHz-23.55GHz is less than 1.06, the index is excellent, the slope of the edge of the frequency band is small, and the method is more suitable for cascade connection of the multistage power division network. Of course, since the left and right dimensions of the T-shaped waveguide are the same with respect to the symmetry plane of the common waveguide perpendicular to the wide side, the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide have the same output amplitude and phase.
Case two: ka broadband power unequal H-plane T-shaped waveguide
The design frequency is 17.7GHz-23.55GHz, and the preset power ratio is 1: 8.668.
the corresponding values of the main structural parameters in fig. 9 are as follows:
W1=W2=W3=10.668mm； B1=B2=B3=4.318 mm； H21= 3.71； H31=0.61；
H22= 4.15； H32=1.26；H23= 4.57；H33=3.08。
fig. 11 shows the simulation result of the return loss of the common port of the unequal T-shaped waveguide. Fig. 12 and 13 show simulation results of transmission loss amplitude and phase difference frequency response from the common port of the unequal T-shaped waveguide to the two branch paths. As can be seen from the figure, when the return loss in the using bandwidth is less than-24 dB, the amplitude fluctuation of the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide is less than +/-0.2 dB, the phase fluctuation is less than +/-1.5 degrees, and the index is excellent.
In a word, the T-shaped waveguide comprises a one-to-two power dividing structure and two branch tail stepped impedance transformation structures, wherein the one-to-two power dividing structure is a direct laminating welding or screwing combined structure of upper and lower layers of bent waveguides with opposite bending directions, a metal spacer is not arranged between the upper and lower layers of bent waveguide laminates, and the power dividing ratio of the H-surface T-shaped waveguide can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness ratio of the upper and lower layers of bent waveguides. The invention has the characteristics of wide standing-wave ratio bandwidth (more than 45 percent), wide power division ratio bandwidth and wide phase consistency bandwidth, has simple structure and easy processing, solves the problems of power distribution and synthesis of an antenna broadband feed network system, and can adapt to the requirements of most station-type antennas on equal-division or unequal-division waveguides.
It should be noted that the above description and examples are intended to aid those skilled in the art in understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any variations, modifications, improvements and/or omissions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and its scope.
Claims (4)
1. A broadband H-plane T-shaped waveguide comprises a common waveguide (1), a first branch waveguide (2) and a second branch waveguide (3); the waveguide structure is characterized by further comprising a central waveguide lamination (4), the common waveguide (1) is a hollow rectangular straight waveguide section, the first branch waveguide (2) and the second branch waveguide (3) are located on a wide-side plane of the common waveguide (1), the first branch waveguide (2) and the second branch waveguide (3) are stepped impedance transformation rectangular waveguide sections, the ascending directions of stepped steps of the first branch waveguide (2) and the second branch waveguide (3) are opposite, and the central waveguide lamination (4) is formed by directly overlapping an upper layer of bent waveguides and a lower layer of bent waveguides which are opposite in bending direction.
2. A broadband H-plane T-waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the first branch waveguide (2) and the second branch waveguide (3) are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure and size, and the upper and lower layers of bent waveguides of the central waveguide stack (4) are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure and size.
3. The broadband H-plane T-waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the bend of the bent waveguide has a step-bent structure, the first branch waveguide (2) and the second branch waveguide (3) have different step sizes, and the central waveguide stack (4) has different thicknesses of the upper and lower bent waveguides and different step sizes of the bend.
4. The broadband H-face T-waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bend of the bent waveguide has a cut corner, a rounded corner or a stepped bent structure.
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| WO2008147132A1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-04 | Idoit Co., Ltd. | Horn array type antenna for dual linear polarization |
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| US20130154764A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-20 | Viasat, Inc. | In-phase h-plane waveguide t-junction with e-plane septum |
| CN204905408U (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2015-12-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Ware is divided to broadband waveguide evil spirit T merit |
| US9343795B1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2016-05-17 | Sandia Corporation | Wideband unbalanced waveguide power dividers and combiners |
| CN111384473A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-07 | 北京博创瑞通科技有限公司 | Rectangular waveguide turn and rectangular waveguide thereof |
| CN212625998U (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-02-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Broadband waveguide power divider |
-
2020
- 2020-07-31 CN CN202010755900.2A patent/CN111883894B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008147132A1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-04 | Idoit Co., Ltd. | Horn array type antenna for dual linear polarization |
| CN102324597A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-01-18 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | Microwave frequency band orthogonal analog converter and signal separating/combining method thereof |
| US20130154764A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-20 | Viasat, Inc. | In-phase h-plane waveguide t-junction with e-plane septum |
| US9343795B1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2016-05-17 | Sandia Corporation | Wideband unbalanced waveguide power dividers and combiners |
| CN204905408U (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2015-12-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Ware is divided to broadband waveguide evil spirit T merit |
| CN111384473A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-07 | 北京博创瑞通科技有限公司 | Rectangular waveguide turn and rectangular waveguide thereof |
| CN212625998U (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-02-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Broadband waveguide power divider |
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