CN111883829B - Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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CN111883829B
CN111883829B CN202010722646.6A CN202010722646A CN111883829B CN 111883829 B CN111883829 B CN 111883829B CN 202010722646 A CN202010722646 A CN 202010722646A CN 111883829 B CN111883829 B CN 111883829B
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lithium ion
nonaqueous electrolyte
electrolyte
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ion batteries
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CN111883829A (en
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郭营军
朱少华
申海鹏
孙春胜
张和平
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Xianghe Kunlun New Energy Materials Co ltd
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Xianghe Kunlun New Energy Materials Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte and a lithium ion battery, wherein the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte comprises a compound additive with a structure shown in the following formula I, the additive can enable the capacity retention rate of the lithium ion battery to be 73% or more after being circulated for 200 times at 45 ℃ and stored for 30 days at a high temperature of 60 ℃, the capacity retention rate to be 71% or more, the capacity recovery rate to be 72% or more and the thick expansion rate to be 31% or less, and the problems of excessively rapid capacity attenuation and severe air expansion at a high temperature in the circulation of the conventional lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte are solved.

Description

Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, and relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery.
Background
With the development of new energy automobiles, power energy storage and high-performance digital products, people have easier and higher requirements on the performance and application range of batteries, and therefore, lithium ion batteries capable of meeting the increasing requirements are required to be developed. And is particularly important for improving the cycle life and temperature applicability of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte can solve the problems of too fast capacity fading and severe air expansion at high temperature of the current circulation of the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, which comprises a compound additive with a structure shown in the following formula I:
wherein R is 1 Selected from unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoro alkyl, C1-C4 silicon-containing alkyl, cyano-substituted C1-C4 alkyl. R is R 2 One selected from hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, unsubstituted C1-C4 hydrocarbon group, C1-C4 fluorinated hydrocarbon group, C1-C4 oxygenated hydrocarbon group, C1-C4 siliceous hydrocarbon group, cyano-substituted C1-C4 hydrocarbon group.
In the present invention, the definition of carbon atoms in the group, for example, C1-C4, means that the number of carbon atoms in the defined group may be 1, 2, 3 or 4.
In the invention, the special additive is used, and the high-temperature stability of the electrolyte can be improved due to the existence of the phosphazene structure in the structure, so that the decomposition of the electrolyte under the high-temperature condition is inhibited to a certain extent, and the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery can be effectively improved.
Preferably, the compound additive is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of the compounds represented by the following structures:
the synthetic route of the compound additive shown in the formula I is as follows:
taking compound 1 as an example, the specific embodiments are as follows:
and (3) carrying out synthesis reaction on the hydroxymethyldiacid and the methyl dichlorophosphate in a molar ratio of 1:1 in a solvent triethylamine at a temperature of 0-70 ℃ by using a catalyst TBU or TBD to obtain a compound 1.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the compound additive represented by formula I is 0.1 to 5%, for example 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.5%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.5%, 3.8%, 4%, 4.5% or 5%, preferably 1 to 3%, based on 100% of the total mass of the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte.
Preferably, the solvent in the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), propylene Carbonate (PC), butylene Carbonate (BC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) or methylpropyl carbonate (MPC).
Preferably, the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery further comprises other additives besides the compound additive shown in the formula I.
Preferably, the other additive includes at least one of an unsaturated cyclic carbonate compound or a sultone compound.
Preferably, the unsaturated cyclic carbonate compound includes at least one of vinylene carbonate (abbreviated as VC), ethylene carbonate (abbreviated as VEC).
Preferably, the sultone compound includes at least one of 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS) and 1, 4-butane sultone.
Preferably, the unsaturated cyclic carbonate compound is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by mass, for example 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.5%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.5%, 3.8%, 4%, 4.5% or 5% based on 100% by mass of the total mass of the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte.
Preferably, the sulfonate lactone compound is 0.1-5% by mass, for example 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.5%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.5%, 3.8%, 4%, 4.5% or 5% by mass based on 100% by mass of the total nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the other additives further comprise lithium salt additives including LiBOB (bisoxalato borate), liLiLiSi (lithium difluorosulfinate), liODFB (lithium difluorooxalato borate), liBF 4 Lithium tetrafluoroborate, liPO 2 F 2 (lithium difluorophosphate) or LiDFOP (lithium difluorobis oxalato phosphate) or a combination of at least two.
Preferably, the lithium salt additive is 0.1 to 5% by mass, for example 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.5%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.5%, 3.8%, 4%, 4.5% or 5% by mass based on 100% by mass of the total nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the electrolyte in the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is a lithium salt, and the lithium salt is preferably LiPF 6 。
Preferably, the mass percentage of the electrolyte lithium salt in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of the lithium ion battery is 0.1-20%, for example 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% or 20%.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte, the electrolyte being a lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte as described above.
Preferably, the positive electrode includes an active material, the active material being LiNi x Co y Mn z L (1-x-y-z) O 2 、LiCo x L (1-x') O 2 、LiNi x L y Mn (2-x”-y') O 4 Li z' MPO 4 At least one of (a) and (b); wherein L is at least one of Co, al, sr, mg, ti, ca, zr, zn, si, fe; x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, x+y+z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, x 'is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, x' is more than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 0.6, y 'is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.2, z' is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, and M is at least one of Fe, mn and Co.
In the present invention, the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator are not particularly limited, and any of those conventionally used in the art can be used.
The non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery provided by the invention effectively improves the cycle and high-temperature storage performance of the battery, and the lithium ion battery containing the non-aqueous electrolyte has excellent cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the compound additive shown in the formula I can be used in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, and the high-temperature stability of the electrolyte can be improved due to the existence of the phosphazene structure in the structure, so that the decomposition of the electrolyte under the high-temperature condition is inhibited to a certain extent, and the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery can be effectively improved. The lithium ion battery can be cycled for 200 times at 45 ℃ for more than 73 percent, stored for 30 days at 60 ℃ for more than 71 percent, recovered for more than 72 percent and expanded for less than 31 percent, and has wide market application prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following specific embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are merely to aid in understanding the invention and are not to be construed as a specific limitation thereof.
Example 1
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, and comprises components in mass percentage as shown in example 1 of Table 1 and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 2
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, and comprises components in mass percentage as shown in example 2 of Table 1 and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 3
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 from Cunninghamia sinensis), a separator (PP/PE from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyteIs a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, and contains the components shown in the example 3 of the table 1 in percentage by mass and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 4
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte and the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte is 100%, comprising the components in mass percent shown in example 4 of Table 1 and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 5
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte and the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte is 100%, comprising the components shown in example 5 of Table 1 in mass percent and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 6
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, and comprises components in mass percentage as shown in example 6 of Table 1 and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 7
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte and the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte is 100%, comprising the components shown in example 7 of Table 1 in mass percent and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 8
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte and the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte is 100%, comprising the components in mass percent shown in example 8 of Table 1 and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 9
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, and comprises components in mass percentage as shown in example 9 of Table 1 and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 10
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, and comprises the components shown in example 10 of Table 1 in mass percent and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 11
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, and comprises the components shown in example 11 of Table 1 in mass percent and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 12
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 Artificial graphite cellComprises a positive electrode (NCM 523 from allied solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 from fir), a diaphragm (PP/PE from top-mounted), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte is 100%, and the electrolyte comprises the components with the mass percentage content shown in the example 12 of Table 1 and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 13
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte and the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte is 100%, comprising the components shown in example 13 of Table 1 in mass percent and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Example 14
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, and comprises the components shown in example 14 of Table 1 in mass percent and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Comparative example 1
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, contains components in mass percent shown in comparative example 1 of Table 1 and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Comparative example 2
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 from fir), a separator (PP/PE from top dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyteThe total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, and the nonaqueous electrolyte contains the components shown in comparative example 2 in Table 1 in percentage by mass and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Comparative example 3
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, contains components in mass percent shown in comparative example 3 of Table 1 and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
Comparative example 4
LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 An artificial graphite cell comprising a positive electrode (NCM 523 derived from Union solid), a negative electrode (artificial graphite P15 derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei), a separator (PP/PE derived from top-dead), and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte is 100%, contains components in mass percent shown in comparative example 4 of Table 1 and 12% LiPF 6 And (3) salt.
The performance test, test index and test method of the invention of examples 1-14 and comparative examples 1-4 were as follows:
(1) The high-temperature cycle performance is reflected by testing the capacity retention rate of 1C cycle for N times at 45 ℃, and the specific method is as follows: the battery after formation was charged to 4.35V (LiNi) with a constant current and a constant voltage of 1C at 45 DEG C 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 Artificial graphite), the off-current was 0.02C, and then discharged to 3.0V with a constant current of 1C. After the charge/discharge cycle as such, the retention rate of the capacity after the cycle at week 200 was calculated to evaluate the high temperature cycle performance thereof.
The capacity retention rate after 200 cycles at 45℃was calculated as follows:
200 th cycle capacity retention (%) = (200 th cycle discharge capacity/1 st cycle discharge capacity) ×100%
(2) The test method for the capacity retention rate, the capacity recovery rate and the thickness expansion rate after 30 days of storage at 60 ℃ comprises the following steps: the battery after formation is at normal temperatureCharging to 4.4V (LiNi) with 1C constant current and constant voltage 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 The artificial graphite) is charged to 3.0V by using a constant current of 1C, the initial discharge capacity of the battery is measured, the initial thickness of the battery is measured by using a constant current of 1C to charge to 4.4V by using a constant current of 1C to charge to 0.01C, the thickness of the battery is measured after the battery is stored for 30 days at 60 ℃, the holding capacity of the battery is measured by using a constant current of 1C to charge to 3.0V, the battery is charged to 3.0V by using a constant current of 1C to charge to 0.02C by using a constant current of 1C, the recovery capacity is measured. The capacity retention rate, capacity recovery rate, and thickness expansion were calculated as follows:
battery capacity retention (%) =retention capacity/initial capacity×100%
Battery capacity recovery rate (%) =recovery capacity/initial capacity×100%
Cell thickness expansion ratio (%) = (thickness after 30 days-initial thickness)/initial thickness×100%
TABLE 1
The test results of experimental examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2
From the results shown in Table 2, the addition of the additive for the electrolyte of the nonaqueous lithium ion battery can lead the capacity retention rate of the lithium ion battery to be more than 73% after being cycled for 200 times at 45 ℃ and stored for 30 days at a high temperature of 60 ℃, the capacity retention rate to be more than 71%, the capacity recovery rate to be more than 72% and the thick expansion rate to be less than 31%. While the comparative example was free of such additives, the retention rate of high Wen Rongliang, the capacity recovery rate and the cycle performance were remarkably reduced, and the thick expansion rate was remarkably increased.
The applicant states that the present invention is described by way of the above embodiments as to the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte of the present invention, and the lithium ion battery comprising the same, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, i.e., it does not mean that the present invention must be practiced depending on the above embodiments. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitution of raw materials for the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., falls within the scope of the present invention and the scope of disclosure.

Claims (18)

1. The lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte is characterized by comprising a compound additive with a structure shown in the following formula I:
wherein R is 1 One selected from unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluorinated alkyl, C1-C4 siliceous alkyl and cyano-substituted C1-C4 alkyl; r is R 2 One selected from hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, unsubstituted C1-C4 hydrocarbon group, C1-C4 fluorinated hydrocarbon group, C1-C4 oxygenated hydrocarbon group, C1-C4 siliceous hydrocarbon group, cyano-substituted C1-C4 hydrocarbon group; or a combination comprising any one or both of the following compound additives:
2. the non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein said compound additive is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of the compounds represented by the following structures:
3. the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the compound additive represented by formula I is 0.1 to 5% based on 100% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries.
4. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 3, wherein the mass percentage of the compound additive represented by formula I is 1 to 3% based on 100% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries.
5. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the solvent in the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, and methylpropyl carbonate.
6. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries further comprises an additive other than the compound additive represented by formula I.
7. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 6, wherein the other additive comprises at least one of an unsaturated cyclic carbonate compound or a sultone compound.
8. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 7, wherein the unsaturated cyclic carbonate compound comprises at least one of vinylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate.
9. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 7, wherein the sulfonate lactone compound comprises at least one of 1, 3-propane sultone and 1, 4-butane sultone.
10. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 7, wherein the content of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate compound is 0.1 to 5% based on 100% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries.
11. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 7, wherein the mass percentage of the sulfonate lactone compound is 0.1 to 5% based on 100% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries.
12. The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 6, wherein the other additives further comprise lithium salt additives, the lithium salt additives comprising LiBOB, liFSi, liODFB, liBF 4 、LiPO 2 F 2 Or any one or a combination of at least two of the LiDFOP.
13. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 12, wherein the mass percentage of the lithium salt additive is 0.1 to 5% based on 100% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries.
14. The lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte in the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte is a lithium salt.
15. The lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 14, wherein the lithium salt is LiPF 6 。
16. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries according to claim 14, wherein the mass percentage of the electrolyte lithium salt in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries is 0.1-20%.
17. A lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte, the electrolyte being the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte of any one of claims 1-16.
18. The lithium ion battery of claim 17, wherein the positive electrode comprises an active material that is LiNi x Co y Mn z L (1-x-y-z) O 2 、LiCo x L (1-x') O 2 、LiNi x L y Mn (2-x”-y') O 4 Li z' MPO 4 At least one of (a) and (b); wherein L is at least one of Co, al, sr, mg, ti, ca, zr, zn, si, fe; x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, x+y+z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, x 'is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, x' is more than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 0.6, y 'is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.2, z' is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, and M is at least one of Fe, mn and Co.
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