CN111883799A - Fuel cell cooling system with improved cold start performance - Google Patents
Fuel cell cooling system with improved cold start performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN111883799A CN111883799A CN202010638999.8A CN202010638999A CN111883799A CN 111883799 A CN111883799 A CN 111883799A CN 202010638999 A CN202010638999 A CN 202010638999A CN 111883799 A CN111883799 A CN 111883799A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell cooling system for improving cold startability, which comprises a water tank, a fuel cell stack, a circulation driving device, a heater, a heat preservation box, a heat dissipation assembly and a thermostat, wherein: the output port of the fuel cell stack is connected with the input port of the circulating driving device through a pipeline; the output port of the circulating driving device is respectively connected with the input port of the heater and the input port of the heat dissipation assembly through pipelines; the output port of the heater is connected with the input port of the heat preservation box through a pipeline, and the output port of the heat preservation box is connected with the auxiliary input valve port of the thermostat through a pipeline; the output port of the heat dissipation assembly is connected with the main input valve port of the thermostat through a pipeline; the output port of the thermostat is connected with the input port of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline; the output port of the water tank is connected with the input port of the circulating driving device through a pipeline, and the input port of the water tank is connected with the heat dissipation assembly and the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline. The invention improves the temperature rising speed of the cooling liquid in the small circulation loop and finally shortens the cold start time of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to fuel cells, and more particularly to a fuel cell cooling system with improved cold start.
Background
The fuel cell has the advantages of zero emission, high efficiency, diversified fuel sources, renewable energy sources and the like, and is an important strategic measure for dealing with global energy shortage and environmental pollution. The development of fuel cell technology has become a breakthrough and a great strategic direction for the global energy transformation and power transformation upgrade.
The product of fuel cell during operation only has water, need carry out the humidification to the reactant simultaneously at fuel cell during operation to guarantee that the exchange membrane has certain water content, just can guarantee that electrochemical reaction normally goes on. Due to the participation of the product and the moisture in the reaction process, when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the water in the fuel cell can be frozen due to low temperature, so that the fuel cell can not work, the volume is increased when the moisture is frozen, the risk of bursting the exchange membrane exists, and the risk of explosion exists due to the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen. The cold start performance of the fuel cell is an important index for measuring the technical development of the fuel cell.
The indexes for measuring the cold starting performance comprise the lowest starting temperature, the energy consumption in the starting process, the starting time and the like. At present, shutdown purging and startup warming are mostly adopted, namely on the basis of shutdown purging, the temperature rise and ice melting speed of the galvanic pile is higher than the icing speed of the galvanic pile when the battery is started, so that cold starting is realized. The heating modes of the cold start of the electric pile can be mainly divided into two main types, namely an external heating mode and an internal heating mode. The mainstream technology of the external heating method is heating by an electric heater, and the principle of the internal heating method is to achieve the purpose of heating by consuming reactants. However, both the external heating temperature raising method and the internal heating method have problems that energy is consumed and heating time is long, and the lower the ambient temperature is, the longer the energy is consumed and the heating time is, and cold start performance of the fuel cell is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a fuel cell cooling system with improved cold starting performance, which has the following specific technical scheme:
a fuel cell cooling system for improving cold startability, comprising a water tank, a fuel cell stack, a circulation driving device, a heater, an incubator, a heat dissipation assembly, and a thermostat, wherein:
the output port of the fuel cell stack is connected with the input port of the circulation driving device through a pipeline;
the output port of the circulating driving device is respectively connected with the input port of the heater and the input port of the heat dissipation assembly through pipelines;
the output port of the heater is connected with the input port of the heat preservation box through a pipeline, and the output port of the heat preservation box is connected with the auxiliary input valve port of the thermostat through a pipeline;
the output port of the heat dissipation assembly is connected with the main input valve port of the thermostat through a pipeline;
the output port of the thermostat is connected with the input port of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline;
the output port of the water tank is connected with the input port of the circulating driving device through a pipeline, and the input port of the water tank is connected with the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack and the exhaust port of the heat dissipation assembly through a pipeline.
In some embodiments, the circulation driving device is an electronic water pump.
In some embodiments, the heater is a PTC heater.
In some embodiments, the heat dissipation assembly includes a heat sink and an electronic fan.
In some embodiments, it further comprises a deionizer connected side-by-side via a conduit between the input and output ports of the circulation drive.
In some embodiments, the secondary inlet port is open and the primary inlet port is closed when the temperature of the cooling medium entering the thermostat is below a predetermined temperature; when the temperature of the cooling medium entering the thermostat is higher than the preset temperature, the auxiliary input valve port is closed, and the main input valve port is opened.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the fuel cell is cold started, the main input valve port of the thermostat is closed, and the auxiliary input valve port is opened. At this time, the cooling liquid flows in a small circulation loop of the cooling system, specifically: under the drive of the circulating drive device, the cooling liquid flows through the fuel cell stack after flowing through the heater, the heat insulation box and the thermostat, so that the temperature of the fuel cell stack is raised.
When the temperature of the cooling liquid in the system is higher than the preset temperature, the main input valve port of the thermostat is opened, the auxiliary input valve port is closed, and at the moment, the cooling liquid flows in a large circulation loop of the cooling system, specifically: under the drive of the circulating drive device, the cooling liquid flows through the fuel cell stack after flowing through the heat dissipation assembly and the thermostat, so that the heat dissipation and the temperature reduction of the fuel cell stack are realized.
Specifically, when the small cycle is switched to the large cycle, part of the heated coolant is stored in the heat-insulating tank 6. Because the heat preservation box is always stored with cooling liquid with higher temperature. Therefore, when the fuel cell is cold started next time, the cooling liquid with higher temperature stored in the heat insulation box enters the small circulation loop, so that the temperature rise speed of the cooling liquid in the small circulation loop is increased, and the cold start time of the fuel cell is finally shortened.
Therefore, the temperature of the cooling water is respectively increased and decreased through the small circulation loop and the large circulation loop, so that the temperature management of the fuel cell stack is realized, and the fuel cell stack is always in a preset action range. In addition, the heat insulation box is introduced into the small circulation loop, so that the temperature rise speed of the cooling liquid in the small circulation loop is increased, and the cold start time of the fuel cell is finally shortened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings which are needed in the embodiments and are practical will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the improved cold start fuel cell cooling system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a circulation process of a small circulation loop in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circulation process of the large circulation loop of the present invention;
fig. 1 to 3 include a water tank 1, a fuel cell stack 2, a circulation driving device 3, a deionizer 4, a heater 5, an incubator 6, a heat dissipation assembly 7, and a thermostat 8.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
As shown in fig. 1, the improved cold-start fuel cell cooling system of the present invention includes a water tank 1, a fuel cell stack 2, a circulation driving device 3, a heater 5, an incubator 6, a heat dissipation assembly 7, and a thermostat 8. The output port of the fuel cell stack 2 is connected to the input port of the circulation driving device 3 via a pipe. The output port of the circulation driving device 3 is respectively connected with the input port of the heater 5 and the input port of the heat dissipation assembly 7 through pipelines. The output port of the heater 5 is connected with the input port of the heat preservation box 6 through a pipeline, and the output port of the heat preservation box 6 is connected with the auxiliary input valve port of the thermostat 8 through a pipeline. The output port of the heat dissipation assembly 7 is connected with the main input valve port of the thermostat 8 through a pipeline. The output port of the thermostat 8 is connected to the input port of the fuel cell stack 2 via a pipe. The output port of the water tank 1 is connected with the input port of the circulating driving device 3 through a pipeline, and the input port of the water tank 1 is respectively connected with the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack 2 and the exhaust port of the heat dissipation assembly 7 through pipelines.
The cooling liquid can be replenished into the cooling system via the water tank 1. Optionally, the water tank 1 is an expansion water tank, which can maintain an initial pressure in the cooling system and remove stagnant air and water vapor in the cooling liquid in time.
The circulation driving device 3 is used for driving the cooling liquid to circulate in the cooling system, and optionally, the circulation driving device 3 is an electronic water pump.
The heater 5 is used for heating the cooling liquid, and optionally, the heater 5 is a PTC heater.
The heat dissipation assembly 7 is used for cooling the cooling liquid, and optionally, the heat dissipation assembly 7 includes a heat sink and an electronic fan.
The thermostat 8 is a commonly used valve structure for controlling a flow path of the cooling liquid, and includes a temperature sensing element therein. The thermostat 8 is provided with a main input valve port, an auxiliary input valve port and an output port. When the temperature of the coolant flowing through the thermostat 8 is lower than a predetermined temperature, the sub input valve port is opened and the main input valve port is closed, and when the temperature of the coolant flowing through the thermostat 8 is higher than the predetermined temperature, the sub input valve port is closed and the main input valve port is opened.
The operation of the improved cold start fuel cell cooling system of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 2 and 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the temperature of the coolant in the circulation system is low at the time of cold start of the fuel cell. The main input valve port of the thermostat 8 is closed and the auxiliary input valve port is opened. At this time, the cooling liquid flows in a small circulation loop of the cooling system, specifically: under the drive of the circulating drive device 3, the cooling liquid in the water tank 1 flows through the fuel cell stack 2 after flowing through the heater 5, the insulation box 6 and the thermostat 8, so that the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 is raised, the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 reaches a preset temperature range, and the cold start is completed.
After the fuel cell is started, the temperature of the coolant in the system continues to rise, and when the temperature of the coolant in the system is higher than a predetermined temperature, the main input valve port of the thermostat 8 is opened and the auxiliary input valve port is closed.
At this time, as shown in fig. 3, the coolant is switched to flow in the large circulation circuit of the cooling system, specifically: under the drive of the circulating drive device 3, the cooling liquid flows through the heat dissipation assembly 7 to be cooled, and then flows through the fuel cell stack 2 through the thermostat 8, so that the heat dissipation and cooling of the fuel cell stack 2 are realized.
In particular, at the end of the small cycle, a portion of the heated coolant is stored in the incubator 6. Therefore, at the next cold start, the coolant with higher temperature stored in the heat insulation box 6 enters the small circulation loop, so that the temperature rise speed of the coolant in the small circulation loop is increased, and the cold start time of the fuel cell is finally shortened.
Optionally, an input port of the heat insulation box 6 is connected with a first one-way valve, and an output port of the heat insulation box 6 is connected with a second one-way valve. In the small circulation process, the first one-way valve and the second one-way valve are opened, and at the moment, the cooling water can smoothly flow through the heat preservation box 6. After the small circulation is finished, the first one-way valve and the second one-way valve are closed, cooling water cannot enter the heat preservation box 6, and meanwhile cooling liquid stored in the heat preservation box 6 cannot flow out of the heat preservation box 6, so that the cooling liquid is preserved.
Therefore, the temperature of the cooling water is respectively increased and decreased through the small circulation loop and the large circulation loop, so that the temperature management of the fuel cell stack is realized, and the fuel cell stack is always in a preset action range. In addition, the heat insulation box is introduced into the small circulation loop, so that the temperature rise speed of the cooling liquid in the small circulation loop is increased, and the cold start time of the fuel cell is finally shortened.
Optionally, the present invention further comprises a deionizer 4, and the deionizer 4 is connected in parallel between the input port and the output port of the circulation driving device 3 through a pipeline. The deionizer 4 can reduce the concentration of ions in the cooling liquid, effectively solve the problem of ion separation of the system, ensure that the electric pile system is at a lower conductivity level and ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell.
The invention has been described above with a certain degree of particularity. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the description of the embodiments is merely exemplary and that all changes that come within the true spirit and scope of the invention are desired to be protected. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description of the embodiments.
Claims (6)
1. A fuel cell cooling system for improving cold startability, comprising a water tank, a fuel cell stack, a circulation driving device, a heater, an incubator, a heat dissipation assembly, and a thermostat, wherein:
the output port of the fuel cell stack is connected with the input port of the circulation driving device through a pipeline;
the output port of the circulating driving device is respectively connected with the input port of the heater and the input port of the heat dissipation assembly through pipelines;
the output port of the heater is connected with the input port of the heat preservation box through a pipeline, and the output port of the heat preservation box is connected with the auxiliary input valve port of the thermostat through a pipeline;
the output port of the heat dissipation assembly is connected with the main input valve port of the thermostat through a pipeline;
the output port of the thermostat is connected with the input port of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline;
the output port of the water tank is connected with the input port of the circulating driving device through a pipeline, and the input port of the water tank is connected with the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack and the exhaust port of the heat dissipation assembly through a pipeline.
2. An improved cold start fuel cell cooling system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the circulating driving device is an electronic water pump.
3. An improved cold start fuel cell cooling system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the heater is a PTC heater.
4. An improved cold start fuel cell cooling system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the heat dissipation assembly includes a heat sink and an electronic fan.
5. An improved cold start fuel cell cooling system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a deionizer which is connected between the input port and the output port of the circulating driving device in parallel through a pipeline.
6. An improved cold start fuel cell cooling system as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
when the temperature of the cooling medium entering the thermostat is lower than a preset temperature, the auxiliary input valve port is opened, and the main input valve port is closed;
when the temperature of the cooling medium entering the thermostat is higher than the preset temperature, the auxiliary input valve port is closed, and the main input valve port is opened.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010638999.8A CN111883799B (en) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Fuel cell cooling system with improved cold start performance |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010638999.8A CN111883799B (en) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Fuel cell cooling system with improved cold start performance |
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| CN111883799A true CN111883799A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| CN111883799B CN111883799B (en) | 2021-12-14 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116169317A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-05-26 | 江苏耀扬新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system based on phase-change cooling medium and application method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN203288693U (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-11-13 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell rapid heating-up system |
| US20170133696A1 (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2017-05-11 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and method for controlling fuel cell system |
| CN110676481A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2020-01-10 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Thermal management system for hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell |
| CN210778820U (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-06-16 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Device for improving cold starting performance of fuel cell engine |
-
2020
- 2020-07-06 CN CN202010638999.8A patent/CN111883799B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203288693U (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-11-13 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell rapid heating-up system |
| US20170133696A1 (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2017-05-11 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and method for controlling fuel cell system |
| CN110676481A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2020-01-10 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Thermal management system for hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell |
| CN210778820U (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-06-16 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Device for improving cold starting performance of fuel cell engine |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116169317A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-05-26 | 江苏耀扬新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system based on phase-change cooling medium and application method thereof |
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| CN111883799B (en) | 2021-12-14 |
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