CN111876721A - Auxiliary heating device, plasma spraying device and spraying method - Google Patents
Auxiliary heating device, plasma spraying device and spraying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111876721A CN111876721A CN202010780118.6A CN202010780118A CN111876721A CN 111876721 A CN111876721 A CN 111876721A CN 202010780118 A CN202010780118 A CN 202010780118A CN 111876721 A CN111876721 A CN 111876721A
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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Abstract
The invention discloses an auxiliary heating device, a plasma spraying device and a spraying method, and relates to the technical field of material surface engineering. The auxiliary heating device is used for being installed on a working platform, far away from one end of the plasma spraying gun, of the plasma spraying cabin, comprises a heating plate, a controller and a temperature measurer, wherein the temperature measurer is used for detecting the temperature of a workpiece to be sprayed, the heating plate is used for being installed on the working platform so as to heat the workpiece to be sprayed on the working platform, and the heating plate and the temperature measurer are electrically connected with the controller. The heating plate is used for preheating the workpiece to be sprayed before spraying, and the heating plate is used for supplementing heat to the workpiece to be sprayed in the spraying process, so that the temperature control is realized more accurately, and the performances of the sprayed coating, such as tensile bonding strength and anti-scouring performance, can be remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material surface engineering, in particular to an auxiliary heating device, a plasma spraying device and a spraying method.
Background
The thermal spraying technology is one of the key technologies of modern material surface engineering, and is a process of feeding a coating material (powder or wire) into a certain heat source (which may be an electric arc, a combustion flame, plasma, etc.) to be melted, and spraying the melted coating material onto the surface of a base material by using high-speed airflow to form a coating. In order to increase the bonding force between the coating and the substrate material and control the internal structure of the coating, the substrate (or the workpiece) needs to be heated to a certain temperature before spraying, i.e. the spraying is started after the preset temperature of the substrate is reached. At present, the substrate preheating mode adopts the multiple-time sweeping of a heat source on the substrate to realize heating, the substrate temperature heating process is difficult to be stably controlled, and particularly, a spray gun must be moved away during the switching of a spraying program or the starting of powder feeding operation, so that the temperature of the substrate is sharply reduced after reaching the preset substrate temperature.
The problem is exacerbated for low pressure plasma spray processes. For example, MCrAlY (M is Ni and/or Co) metal bonding layer spraying generally requires that the preheating temperature of a substrate is above 300 ℃, and the temperature is kept between 400 and 600 ℃ in the spraying process. For example, ultra-low pressure plasma spraying of YSZ ceramic layers requires preheating of the substrate and temperatures around 950 ℃. The low-pressure plasma spraying is operated in a vacuum chamber, and the heating efficiency of sweeping the substrate by adopting plasma jet is not high due to low working environment pressure and extremely thin atmosphere in the spraying process. Particularly, when a large-size and complex-shape workpiece is sprayed, the radiation heat dissipation is serious due to the large size, the times of robot program conversion, spraying track change and spray gun posture change are increased due to the complex shape of the workpiece, the spraying time is increased, and the workpiece is seriously cooled. Finally, the coating performance is poor, the quality stability is not controllable and other serious problems are caused because the required preheating temperature of the workpiece cannot be achieved or the temperature control of the workpiece in the spraying process cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an auxiliary heating device and a plasma spraying device, aiming at improving the performance of a coating formed by plasma spraying, such as tensile bonding strength and anti-scouring performance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a plasma spraying method for improving the properties of the sprayed coating, such as tensile bond strength and erosion resistance.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides an auxiliary heating device which is arranged on a working platform at one end of a plasma spraying cabin, which is far away from a plasma spraying gun, and comprises a heating plate, a controller and a temperature detector for detecting the temperature of a workpiece to be sprayed, wherein the heating plate is arranged on the working platform to heat the workpiece to be sprayed on the working platform, and the heating plate and the temperature detector are electrically connected with the controller.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heating plates comprise a first arc-shaped heating plate and a second arc-shaped heating plate opposite to the first arc-shaped heating plate, the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate are arranged around the installation position of the workpiece to be sprayed, and a spraying channel for plasma jet to pass through is formed between the side wall of one end, close to the plasma spraying gun, of the first arc-shaped heating plate and the side wall of one end, close to the plasma spraying gun, of the second arc-shaped heating plate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary heating device further comprises an annular slide rail, the annular slide rail comprises a first annular plate fixed on the working platform, the first annular plate is provided with an annular rail groove, and the groove body shape of the annular rail groove is matched with the bottom walls of the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular slide rail further includes a second annular plate for abutting against the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate, the second annular plate is fixed on the top wall of the first annular plate, one end of the second annular plate is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion, and the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate are provided with arc-shaped grooves matched with the arc-shaped protrusion.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate sequentially comprise a metal base layer, a metal transition layer, an insulating layer and a sealing layer from one side close to the installation position of the workpiece to be sprayed to one side far away from the installation position, and a heating coil is wound between the insulating layer and the sealing layer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal substrate layer is made of heat-resistant steel or high-temperature alloy, the metal transition layer is a coating formed by spraying NiCr, NiCrAlYTa or NiCoCrAlYTa, and the insulation layer is a coating formed by spraying Al2O3The coating layer and the sealing layer are made of mica or Al2O3；
Preferably, the thickness of the metal base layer is 8-12mm, the thickness of the metal transition layer is 0.08-0.12mm, the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.15-0.3mm, and the thickness of the sealing layer is 1-2 mm;
preferably, the metal base layer is a plate-shaped material with a serpentine groove, and the metal transition layer and the insulating layer are coatings sequentially sprayed on the plate-shaped material, so that the serpentine groove for winding the heating coil is formed between the insulating layer and the sealing layer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the controller is provided with a first display screen for displaying the control current of the heating plate, an adjusting knob for adjusting the current of the heating plate and a second display screen for displaying the detection result of the temperature detector.
The invention also provides a plasma spraying device which comprises a plasma spraying cabin, an ion spraying gun and the auxiliary heating device, wherein the auxiliary heating device is arranged on the inner wall of one end of the plasma spraying cabin, which is far away from the plasma spraying gun.
The invention also provides a plasma spraying method which applies the auxiliary heating device to heat a workpiece to be sprayed.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an auxiliary heating device is adopted to preheat a workpiece to be sprayed, and the auxiliary heating device is adopted to supplement heat when the workpiece to be sprayed cannot meet the preset temperature in the spraying process;
preferably, the method further comprises the step of adjusting the positions of the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate on the annular track groove so that the working track of the plasma jet is not influenced by the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate;
preferably, in the preparation of the yttria-stabilized zirconia coating, the temperature of 900-1000 ℃ is kept during the spraying process after the workpiece to be sprayed is preheated to 900-1000 ℃.
The embodiment of the invention provides an auxiliary heating device and a plasma spraying device, which have the beneficial effects that: the heating plate is used for heating a workpiece to be sprayed on the working platform, the preheating and auxiliary heating effects in the spraying process can be achieved, the temperature of the workpiece to be sprayed is tested through the temperature measurer, a temperature signal is fed back to the controller, and the controller regulates and controls the heating plate to work according to the testing temperature of the workpiece. The heating plate is used for preheating the workpiece to be sprayed before spraying, and the heating plate is used for supplementing heat to the workpiece to be sprayed in the spraying process, so that the temperature control is realized more accurately, and the performances of the sprayed coating, such as tensile bonding strength and anti-scouring performance, can be remarkably improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a plasma spraying method, which is used for heating a workpiece to be sprayed by applying the auxiliary heating device, can more accurately realize temperature control, and obviously improves the performance of a sprayed coating, such as tensile bonding strength and anti-scouring performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plasma spraying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the auxiliary heating apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the circular slide rail of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the circular slide rail of FIG. 2 in an operating state;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the heating panel of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the heating panel of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a test chart of YSZ coating formed in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a test chart of YSZ coating formed in comparative example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a test chart of YSZ coating formed in example 3 of the present invention.
Icon: 100-plasma spraying device; 1-plasma spraying cabin; 2-plasma spray gun; 3-plasma jet; 4-a working platform; 5-spraying a workpiece to be sprayed; 6-a flange; 7-auxiliary heating means; 8-heating plate; 81-a first curved heating plate; 82-a second arcuate heating plate; 9-a heating coil; 10-an annular slide rail; 11-heating resistance wire power supply; 12-a first display screen; 13-infrared temperature detector; 14-data signal lines; 15-a controller; 16-an adjusting knob; 17-a second display screen; 18-a second annular plate; 19-a first annular plate; 20-set screws; 21-a set screw; 22-a metal matrix layer; 23-a metal transition layer; 24-an insulating layer; 25-serpentine groove; 26-a sealing layer; 27-serpentine groove seal plug; 28-annular track groove; 29-arc-shaped protrusion; 30-arc groove.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The auxiliary heating apparatus and the plasma spraying method according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention further provides a plasma spraying apparatus 100, which includes a plasma spraying cabin 1, a plasma spraying gun 2 and the above-mentioned auxiliary heating device 7, wherein the auxiliary heating device 7 is installed on a working platform 4 at one end of the plasma spraying cabin 1 far from the plasma spraying gun 2.
Further, please refer to fig. 1 and 2, the auxiliary heating device 7 includes a heating plate 8, a controller 15 and a temperature detector 13 for detecting the temperature of the workpiece 5 to be sprayed, the heating plate 8 and the temperature detector 13 are both electrically connected to the controller 15, the temperature of the workpiece to be sprayed is detected by the temperature detector and the temperature signal is fed back to the controller, and the controller regulates and controls the heating plate according to the detected temperature of the workpiece.
Specifically, the temperature detector 13 may be an infrared temperature detector, and is suspended or mounted on the inner wall of the plasma spraying cabin 1. Generally, the working platform 4 is provided with a rotating shaft for connecting the workpiece 5 to be painted and a driving member (not shown) for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft is located in the heating area of the heating plate 8, so that the heating plate 8 heats the workpiece 5 to be painted when in a working state.
It should be noted that, the working platform 4 is installed on the inner wall of the end of the plasma spraying cabin 1 far away from the plasma spraying gun 2, the driving part is used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate so as to drive the workpiece 5 to be sprayed to rotate, the heating plate 8 is used for preheating the workpiece 5 to be sprayed before spraying, and the heating plate 8 is used for supplementing heat to the workpiece 5 to be sprayed in the spraying process, so that temperature control is realized more accurately, and the performances of the sprayed coating, such as tensile bonding strength and anti-scouring performance, can be remarkably improved.
Specifically, the structures of the plasma spraying cabin 1 and the plasma spraying gun 2 are not described in detail, and the plasma spraying cabin 1 may be a general low-pressure plasma spraying vacuum cabin, referring to the prior art. The driving member may be a motor mounted on the working platform 4 to drive the rotating shaft to rotate.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating plate 8 comprises a first arc-shaped heating plate 81 and a second arc-shaped heating plate 82 opposite to the first arc-shaped heating plate 81, the first arc-shaped heating plate 81 and the second arc-shaped heating plate 82 are both arranged around the rotation axis, and a spraying passage for the plasma jet 3 to pass through is formed between a side wall of one end of the first arc-shaped heating plate 81 close to the plasma spraying gun 2 and a side wall of one end of the second arc-shaped heating plate 82 close to the plasma spraying gun 2. The first arc-shaped heating plate 81 and the second arc-shaped heating plate 82 which are arranged around the rotating shaft are utilized to preheat and supplement heat for the workpiece 5 to be sprayed, and the shielding effect can be achieved, so that the heat loss is reduced.
Specifically, the heating plate 8 is a structure with a built-in heating coil 9 (such as a heating resistance wire), and is connected with the controller 15 through a heating resistance wire power supply 11 penetrating through a flange 6 on the wall surface of the plasma spraying cabin 1.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller 15 is provided with a first display 12 for displaying the control current of the heating plate 8, an adjusting knob 16 for adjusting the current of the heating plate 8, and a second display 17 for displaying the detection result of the infrared temperature detector 13. The infrared temperature detector 13 is hung on the inner wall of the plasma spraying cabin 1 above the rear part of the workpiece 5 to be sprayed, and real-time temperature data obtained by measurement of the infrared temperature detector 13 can be fed back to the controller 15 through the data signal line 14 and displayed on the second display screen 17. The temperature value display of the controller 15 is matched with the temperature measuring range of the infrared temperature measuring device 13, preferably, the temperature value display range is 400-1650 ℃, the current value display and current size adjusting range is 0-10A, and the minimum division is 0.1A.
It should be noted that the controller 15 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capability. The controller 15 may be a general-purpose processor including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, and discrete hardware components, and may implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic blocks disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention, where the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, and the controller 15 provided in this embodiment may also be any conventional processor.
Further, referring to fig. 2 to 4, the auxiliary heating device 7 further includes an annular slide rail 10, the annular slide rail 10 includes a first annular plate 19 fixed on the working platform 4, the first annular plate 19 has an annular rail groove 28, and a groove body shape of the annular rail groove 28 matches with bottom walls of the first arc-shaped heating plate 81 and the second arc-shaped heating plate 82. The plasma jet 3 is prevented from being blocked by the heating plate 8 by sliding the first arc heating plate 81 and the second arc heating plate 82 on the circular track groove 28 to adjust the position.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular slide rail 10 further includes a second annular plate 18 for abutting against the first arc-shaped heating plate 81 and the second arc-shaped heating plate 82, the second annular plate 18 is fixed on the top wall of the first annular plate 19, one end of the second annular plate 18 is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion 29, and the first arc-shaped heating plate 81 and the second arc-shaped heating plate 82 are provided with arc-shaped grooves 30 matched with the arc-shaped protrusion 29. The first arc heating plate 81 and the second arc heating plate 82 are fixed more stably by the cooperation of the arc protrusion 29 and the arc groove 30, and are prevented from sliding during the operation. Specifically, the second annular plate 18 is fixed to the first annular plate 19 by fixing screws 20, and the first annular plate 19 is fixed to the work platform 4 by fixing screws 21.
Referring to fig. 5 to 6, the first arc heating plate 81 and the second arc heating plate 82 sequentially include a metal base layer 22, a metal transition layer 23, an insulating layer 24, and a sealing layer 26 from a side close to the rotation axis to a side away from the rotation axis, and a heat generating coil 9 is wound between the insulating layer 24 and the sealing layer 26. Make insulating layer 24 can adhere to better through setting up metal transition layer 23, promote the life of material, if do not set up metal transition layer 23 direct deposition insulating layer 24, then the adhesive force is not enough, drops easily.
Specifically, the metal substrate layer 22 is made of heat-resistant steel or high-temperature alloy, the metal transition layer 23 is a coating formed by spraying NiCr, NiCrAlY or NiCoCrAlYTa, and the insulation layer 24 is sprayed Al2O3The coating layer and the sealing layer 26 are made of mica or Al2O3(ii) a The thickness of the metal base layer 22 is 8-12mm, and the thickness of the metal transition layer 23 is 0.08-0.12mm, the thickness of the insulating layer 24 is 0.15-0.3mm, and the thickness of the sealing layer 26 is 1-2 mm. Through the material and the thickness of further control metal matrix layer 22, metal transition layer 23, insulating layer 24 and sealing layer 26, make hot plate 8's structure more reasonable, further promote hot plate 8's heating efficiency.
In some preferred embodiments, the metal base layer 22 is a plate-shaped material with a serpentine groove, and the metal transition layer 23 and the insulating layer 24 are coatings sequentially sprayed on the plate-shaped material, so that a serpentine groove 25 for winding the heating coil 9 is formed between the insulating layer 24 and the sealing layer 26, and then the sealing layer 26 and the serpentine groove sealing plug 27 are used for packaging.
The invention also provides a plasma spraying method which applies the auxiliary heating device 7 to heat the workpiece 5 to be sprayed. Specifically, the auxiliary heating device is used for preheating the workpiece 5 to be sprayed, and the auxiliary heating device is used for heat supplement when the workpiece 5 to be sprayed cannot meet the preset temperature in the spraying process, so that the preheating time can be obviously shortened, and the temperature of the workpiece can be accurately controlled in the spraying process.
Preferably, in the preparation of the yttria-stabilized zirconia coating (YSZ ceramic layer), after the workpiece to be sprayed is preheated to 900-1000 ℃, the temperature is kept at 900-1000 ℃ in the spraying process so as to improve the performance of the coating.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present embodiment uses an auxiliary heating device 7 to perform auxiliary heating and temperature control in a low-pressure plasma spraying vacuum chamber of GTV, germany.
The workpiece 5 to be sprayed is a cylindrical sample with the diameter of 16mm multiplied by 80mm, is made of 316L stainless steel and is clamped on a rotating shaft at the center of the working platform 4, and the workpiece rotates at the speed of 50 revolutions per minute in order to keep heating and coating deposition uniform in the spraying process. The auxiliary heating device 7 is arranged on the working platform 4 and fixed through screws. The workpiece to be sprayed 5, the working platform 4 and the auxiliary heating device 7 are installed at one end of a low-pressure plasma spraying vacuum chamber, and the plasma spraying gun 2 is installed at the other end of the low-pressure plasma spraying vacuum chamber.
The positions of the heating plates 8 are adjusted and are arranged on two sides of the workpiece 5 to be sprayed, so that the working track of the plasma jet 3 is not influenced. And adjusting the infrared temperature measurer 13 to enable temperature-measuring infrared ray spots to fall on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed. Before the low-pressure plasma spraying, a power switch of the heating plate 8 is turned on, and the heating plate 8 starts to heat the workpiece 5 to be sprayed. The real-time temperature of the workpiece 5 to be sprayed is detected by the infrared temperature detector 13 and fed back to the controller 15 for temperature numerical value display. The NiCrAlY coating is sprayed on the workpiece, the set preheating temperature which needs to be reached before spraying is 300 ℃, and the temperature needs to be controlled between 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ in the process. The current of the controller 15 is adjusted to 6A, and after the temperature displayed by the second display screen 17 is 300 ℃ (the electrifying time is about 5-6 min), the power supply of the heating plate 8 is turned off. And starting to execute a spraying program, and blowing the plasma jet 3 emitted by the plasma spraying gun 2 on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed to realize the deposition of the NiCrAlY material on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed to form a coating.
The auxiliary heating device 7 is adopted in the embodiment to preheat the workpiece to the required temperature before low-pressure plasma spraying, meanwhile, the annular structure slows down the heat radiation and heat dissipation of the workpiece, the temperature of the workpiece is between 350 ℃ and 470 ℃ in the spraying process, and the problem that the preheating temperature of the workpiece is difficult to control stably is solved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present embodiment uses an auxiliary heating device 7 to perform auxiliary heating and temperature control in a low-pressure plasma spraying vacuum chamber of europe-america, switzerland.
The workpiece 5 to be sprayed is an engine blade simulation piece with the thickness of 170mm (height) multiplied by 70mm (width) multiplied by 60mm (height), is made of 316L stainless steel and is clamped on a rotating shaft at the center of the working platform 4. In the spraying process, the coating rotates at the speed of 40 revolutions per minute in order to keep heating and coating deposition uniform. The matrix auxiliary heating device 7 is arranged on the working platform 4 and is fixed through screws. The workpiece to be sprayed 5, the working platform 4 and the auxiliary heating device 7 are installed at one end of a low-pressure plasma spraying vacuum chamber, and the plasma spraying gun 2 is installed at the other end of the low-pressure plasma spraying vacuum chamber.
The positions of the heating plates 8 are adjusted and are arranged on two sides of the workpiece 5 to be sprayed, so that the working track of the plasma jet 3 is not influenced. And adjusting the infrared temperature measurer 13 to enable temperature-measuring infrared ray spots to fall on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed. Before the low-pressure plasma spraying, a power switch of the heating plate 8 is turned on, and the heating plate 8 starts to heat the workpiece 5 to be sprayed. The real-time temperature of the workpiece 5 to be sprayed is detected by the infrared temperature detector 13 and fed back to the controller 15 for temperature numerical value display. And spraying a YSZ coating on the workpiece, wherein the set preheating temperature required to be reached before spraying is 950 ℃, and the temperature is required to be controlled between 900 ℃ and 1100 ℃ in the process. The current of the controller 15 is adjusted to 9A, after the temperature displayed by the second display screen 17 is 500 ℃ (the electrifying time is about 7-8 min), the spraying preheating program is started to be executed, and the plasma jet 3 emitted by the plasma spraying gun 2 is kept on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed to be swept back and forth for preheating. After the second display screen 17 displays that the temperature is 950 ℃, the adjusting knob 16 of the controller 15 is adjusted to 2A. And (3) feeding the YSZ powder material, blowing the plasma jet 3 emitted from the plasma spraying gun 2 on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed, and depositing the YSZ material on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed to form a coating.
In the embodiment, the auxiliary heating device 7 is adopted to realize auxiliary heating of the workpiece before low-pressure plasma spraying, so that the preheating efficiency is improved, and the preheating time is saved. The auxiliary heating device 7 is adjusted to be low in current in the spraying process to supplement heat to the workpiece, meanwhile, the heat radiation and heat dissipation of the workpiece 5 to be sprayed are slowed down by the annular structure, the temperature of the workpiece is 950-1070 ℃ in the spraying process, and the problems that the preheating temperature of the workpiece is long, and the high temperature in the spraying is difficult to stably maintain are solved.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present embodiment uses an auxiliary heating device 7 to perform auxiliary heating and temperature control in a low-pressure plasma spraying vacuum chamber of europe-america, switzerland.
The workpiece 5 to be sprayed adopts a vane of a ground gas turbine with the thickness of 275mm (height) multiplied by 115mm (width) multiplied by 130mm (height), the material of the vane is Inconel 718 alloy, and the vane is clamped on a rotating shaft at the center of the working platform 4. In the spraying process, the coating rotates at the speed of 20 revolutions per minute in order to keep heating and coating deposition uniform. The auxiliary heating device 7 is arranged on the working platform 4 and fixed through screws. The workpiece to be sprayed 5, the working platform 4 and the auxiliary heating device 7 are installed at one end of a low-pressure plasma spraying vacuum chamber, and the plasma spraying gun 2 is installed at the other end of the low-pressure plasma spraying vacuum chamber.
The positions of the heating plates 8 are adjusted and are arranged on two sides of the workpiece 5 to be sprayed, so that the working track of the plasma jet 3 is not influenced. And adjusting the infrared temperature measurer 13 to enable temperature-measuring infrared ray spots to fall on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed. Before the low-pressure plasma spraying, a power switch of the heating plate 8 is turned on, and the heating plate 8 starts to heat the workpiece 5 to be sprayed. The real-time temperature of the workpiece 5 to be sprayed is detected by the infrared temperature detector 13 and fed back to the controller 15 for temperature numerical value display. And spraying a YSZ coating on the workpiece, wherein the set preheating temperature required to be reached before spraying is 950 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 900-1000 ℃ in the process. The current of the controller 15 is adjusted to 9A, after the temperature displayed by the second display screen 17 is 400 ℃ (the electrifying time is about 6-7 min), the spraying preheating program is started to be executed, and the plasma jet 3 emitted by the plasma spraying gun 2 is kept on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed to be swept back and forth for preheating. After the second display screen 17 displays that the temperature is 950 ℃, the adjusting knob 16 of the controller 15 is adjusted to 5A. And (3) feeding the YSZ powder material, blowing the plasma jet 3 emitted from the plasma spraying gun 2 on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed, and depositing the YSZ material on the workpiece 5 to be sprayed to form a coating.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example does not use the auxiliary heating device 7 for auxiliary heating and temperature control, and the kind and specific parameters of the sprayed coating refer to example 3.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the temperature of the workpiece 5 to be sprayed is kept at about 700 ℃ in both the preheating and spraying processes.
Test example 1
The coatings obtained in example 3 and comparative example 1 were tested for tensile bond strength and anti-erosion properties, and the temperature of the workpiece during spraying was tested, as specified in the following table:
the tensile bonding strength test of the coating adopts an ASTM C633-79 standard, the anti-particle erosion performance test of the coating adopts a GEE50TF121 standard (the erosion angle is 20 degrees, the distance is 100mm, the erosion particle white corundum sand is about 55 mu m in particle size, the pressure is 0.25MPa, and the erosion time is 25s), and the erosion depth in unit time is measured.
TABLE 1 coating Properties of this example
As can be seen from the test results in table 1, in example 3, the auxiliary heating device 7 is used to perform auxiliary heating on the workpiece before the low-pressure plasma spraying, so that the preheating efficiency is improved, and the preheating time is saved. The auxiliary heating device 7 is adjusted to be at medium current in the spraying process to supplement heat to the workpiece, meanwhile, the annular structure slows down the heat radiation and heat dissipation of the workpiece, the temperature of the workpiece is 830-970 ℃ in the spraying process, and the problem that the high temperature is difficult to stably reach and keep in the large-size blade and complex spraying procedure process is solved. The YSZ coating obtained by the embodiment has greatly improved tensile bonding strength and particle erosion resistance, and is superior to a comparative example.
Test example 2
Scanning electron micrographs of the coatings of example 3 and comparative examples 1-2 were tested and the results are shown in FIGS. 7-9.
FIG. 7 shows the results of the coating test of comparative example 1, where the coating finally failed to form the desired columnar grain thermal barrier coating without preheating and without controlling the temperature, was a build-up of molten powder material, and was unusable.
FIG. 8 shows the results of the coating test of comparative example 2, where columnar grains were formed when the substrate temperature was controlled around 700 ℃ during preheating and spraying, but the structure was not significant, and a large number of powder particles were present between the columns, which affected the tensile bond strength and resistance to particle erosion. It can be seen from the figure that: the coating is disordered and the growth condition of columnar crystals is not good.
FIG. 9 shows the results of the coating test of example 3, in which the columnar grain structure is not evident, there are almost no powder particles between the columns, the columnar grain growth is good (i.e., the strength in the crystal is high), and the tensile bonding strength and the particle erosion resistance are greatly improved when the substrate temperature is controlled at about 950 ℃ during the preheating and spraying processes.
In summary, the auxiliary heating device and the plasma spraying device provided by the invention utilize the heating plate to heat the workpiece to be sprayed on the working platform, can play a role in auxiliary heating in the preheating and spraying processes, test the temperature of the workpiece to be sprayed through the temperature detector and feed a temperature signal back to the controller, and the controller regulates and controls the heating plate to work according to the test temperature of the workpiece. The heating plate is used for preheating the workpiece to be sprayed before spraying, and the heating plate is used for supplementing heat to the workpiece to be sprayed in the spraying process, so that the temperature control is realized more accurately, and the performances of the sprayed coating, such as tensile bonding strength and anti-scouring performance, can be remarkably improved.
The invention also provides a plasma spraying method, which is used for heating a workpiece to be sprayed by applying the auxiliary heating device, can more accurately realize temperature control, and obviously improves the performance of a sprayed coating, such as tensile bonding strength and anti-scouring performance.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an auxiliary heating device for install on plasma spraying cabin keeps away from the work platform of plasma spraying rifle one end, its characterized in that, include hot plate, controller and be used for treating the spraying work piece and carry out the thermoscope that temperature detected, the hot plate is used for installing work platform is last, in order to right the last spraying work piece of treating of work platform heats, the hot plate with the thermoscope all with the controller electricity is connected.
2. The auxiliary heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating plate comprises a first arc-shaped heating plate and a second arc-shaped heating plate opposite to the first arc-shaped heating plate, the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate are both disposed around a mounting position of the workpiece to be sprayed, and a spraying passage for plasma jet to pass through is formed between one end side wall of the first arc-shaped heating plate close to the plasma spraying gun and one end side wall of the second arc-shaped heating plate close to the plasma spraying gun.
3. The auxiliary heating device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising an annular slide rail, wherein the annular slide rail comprises a first annular plate fixed on the working platform, the first annular plate is provided with an annular track groove, and the groove body shape of the annular track groove is matched with the bottom walls of the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate.
4. The auxiliary heating device according to claim 3, wherein the annular slide rail further comprises a second annular plate for abutting against the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate, the second annular plate is fixed on the top wall of the first annular plate, an arc-shaped protrusion is arranged at one end of the second annular plate, and arc-shaped grooves matched with the arc-shaped protrusion are arranged on the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate.
5. The auxiliary heating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate comprise a metal base layer, a metal transition layer, an insulating layer, and a sealing layer in this order from a side close to a mounting position of the workpiece to be painted to a side far from the mounting position, and a heat generating coil is wound between the insulating layer and the sealing layer.
6. An auxiliary heating device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the base metal layer is made of heat-resistant steel or high-temperature alloy, the transition metal layer is a coating formed by spraying NiCr, NiCrAlY or NiCoCrAlYTa, and the insulation layer is a coating formed by spraying Al2O3The material of the sealing layer is mica or Al2O3；
Preferably, the thickness of the metal base layer is 8-12mm, the thickness of the metal transition layer is 0.08-0.12mm, the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.15-0.3mm, and the thickness of the sealing layer is 1-2 mm;
preferably, the metal base layer is a plate-shaped material with a serpentine groove, and the metal transition layer and the insulating layer are coatings sequentially sprayed on the plate-shaped material, so that the serpentine groove for winding the heating coil is formed between the insulating layer and the sealing layer.
7. The auxiliary heating device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is provided with a first display screen for displaying the control current of the heating plate, an adjusting knob for adjusting the current of the heating plate, and a second display screen for displaying the detection result of the temperature detector.
8. A plasma spraying device is characterized by comprising a plasma spraying cabin, an ion spraying gun and the auxiliary heating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a working platform is arranged on the inner wall of one end, far away from the plasma spraying gun, of the plasma spraying cabin, and the auxiliary heating device is installed on the working platform.
9. A plasma spraying method characterized in that the auxiliary heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is applied to heat the workpiece to be sprayed.
10. The plasma spraying method according to claim 9, wherein the auxiliary heating device is used to preheat the workpiece to be sprayed, and the auxiliary heating device is used to supplement heat when the workpiece to be sprayed cannot meet a preset temperature during spraying;
preferably, the method further comprises the step of adjusting the positions of the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate on the annular track groove, so that the working track of the plasma jet is not influenced by the first arc-shaped heating plate and the second arc-shaped heating plate;
preferably, in the preparation of the yttria-stabilized zirconia coating, the temperature of 900-1000 ℃ is kept in the spraying process after the workpiece to be sprayed is preheated to 900-1000 ℃.
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| CN111876721B (en) | 2022-08-12 |
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