CN111876670B - High-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel, stainless steel water tank and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel, stainless steel water tank and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111876670B CN111876670B CN202010623228.1A CN202010623228A CN111876670B CN 111876670 B CN111876670 B CN 111876670B CN 202010623228 A CN202010623228 A CN 202010623228A CN 111876670 B CN111876670 B CN 111876670B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/06—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for producing matt surfaces, e.g. on plastic materials, on glass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
- E03C1/18—Sinks, whether or not connected to the waste-pipe
Abstract
The invention discloses high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel, a stainless steel water tank and a preparation method thereof. The high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: cr: 16.0 to 18.0%, Ni: 3.0-6.0%, Mn: 4.0-7.0%, Cu: 0.5-1.0%, N: 0.35-0.6%, Mo: 1.1-1.5%, Si: 0.05-0.15%, Al: 0.1-0.3%, W: 0.1-0.3%, C is less than or equal to 0.03%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.03%, one or more modified elements selected from B, Nb, Ti and RE, and the content of the elements is B: 0.001-0.01%, Nb: 0.01-0.1%, Ti: 0.01-0.1%, RE: 0.02-0.5%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The stainless steel plate is blanked, bent and welded to form a water tank matrix, the rough surface of the micro-nano structure is obtained through shot blasting twice, and the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank is obtained by coating a layer of high-wear-resistant nano coating. The obtained stainless steel water tank has the scraping-resistant effect, and has the performances of corrosion resistance, easy cleaning of oil stains and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, in particular to high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel, a related scratch-resistant stainless steel water tank easy to clean and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The stainless steel manual water tank as a bathroom product with high use frequency in a kitchen faces the following problems: (1) oil stains are easy to adhere to the surface of the water tank, and the water tank is not easy to clean; (2) the surface hardness of the water tank is insufficient, the wire drawing lines are regular, and the appearance is easily scratched and obviously influenced. (2) The surface of the water tank is easy to be corroded by acid and alkali or generate rust;
in order to overcome the problems, the chinese patent No. cn201710752563.x discloses a nano antibacterial antifouling technology processing technology for metal surfaces, which comprises the steps of carrying out sand blasting treatment on a 201 stainless steel substrate, and then spraying a nano coating and an antibacterial coating, so as to endow a stainless steel product with antibacterial and bacteriostatic functions and a decontamination self-cleaning function, but 201 stainless steel has low hardness and poor corrosion resistance, a water tank has poor scratch-resistant effect, and once the coating is damaged to cause the substrate to be exposed, the product is easy to rust and lose efficacy. The Chinese patent CN201820917918.6 provides a stainless steel water tank with a nano coating, which is different from the traditional stainless steel water tank in that after a PVD coating is made on the surface of the original stainless steel and then a nano coating structure is made, the surface hardness of the stainless steel is higher, and the stainless steel water tank has good electrostatic shielding performance. This patent basin has advantages such as greasy dirt resistance, easy cleanness, wear-resisting, but the cohesion of PVD cladding material and stainless steel base is relatively weak, drops easily and produces the colour difference, and product life is shorter, and the PVD processing procedure also obviously increases manufacturing cost simultaneously, is unfavorable for marketing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel, a related scratch-resistant stainless steel water tank easy to clean and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: cr: 16.0 to 18.0%, Ni: 3.0-6.0%, Mn: 4.0-7.0%, Cu: 0.5-1.0%, N: 0.35-0.6%, Mo: 1.1-1.5%, Si: 0.05-0.15%, Al: 0.1-0.3%, W: 0.1-0.3%, C is less than or equal to 0.03%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.03%, one or more modified elements selected from B, Nb, Ti and RE, and the modified elements are B: 0.001-0.01%, Nb: 0.01-0.1%, Ti: 0.01-0.1%, RE: 0.02-0.5%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the chemical components of the material by mass percent are as follows: cr: 16.0-17.5%, Ni: 4.0-6.0%, Mn: 5.0-7.0%, Cu: 0.6-0.9%, N: 0.4-0.6%, Mo: 1.2-1.4%, Si: 0.05-0.1%, Al: 0.1-0.2%, W: 0.1-0.25%, C is less than or equal to 0.03%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.03%, one or more modified elements selected from B, Nb, Ti and RE, and the modified elements are B: 0.001-0.01%, Nb: 0.01-0.1%, Ti: 0.01-0.1%, RE: 0.02-0.5%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the chemical components of the material by mass percent are as follows: cr: 16.5-17.5%, Ni: 4.0-5.0%, Mn: 5.5-6.5%, Cu: 0.7-0.9%, N: 0.45-0.55%, Mo: 1.2-1.3%, Si: 0.05-0.1%, Al: 0.1-0.15%, W: 0.15-0.25%, C is less than or equal to 0.03%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.03%, one or more modified elements selected from B, Nb, Ti and RE, and the modified elements are B: 0.001-0.01%, Nb: 0.01-0.1%, Ti: 0.01-0.1%, RE: 0.02-0.5%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the Cr equivalent is 20-22, the Ni equivalent is 20-26, and the alloy structure is an austenite single-phase structure.
The preparation method of the scratch-resistant easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: blanking, bending and welding the stainless steel plate to prepare a water tank base body;
step two: carrying out shot blasting treatment on the water tank matrix for two times to obtain a rough surface of a micro-nano structure;
step three: degreasing and activating the surface of the water tank substrate, washing and drying the surface, coating a high-wear-resistance nano coating, and baking to obtain the scratch-resistant stainless steel water tank easy to clean;
wherein the stainless steel sheet is made of the high hardness scratch resistant stainless steel of any one of claims 1 to 4.
Preferably, the first shot blasting process adopts stainless steel shots with the diameter of 0.2-0.3mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.6-0.8Mpa, the distance between a spray gun and the surface of the water tank is 200-400mm, and the surface roughness Ra of the water tank substrate is 10-20 mu m after the first shot blasting treatment; the second shot blasting process adopts stainless steel shots with the diameter of 0.1-0.15mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.4-0.5Mpa, the distance from a spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 150-300mm, and the surface roughness Ra of the water tank substrate is 1-10 mu m after the second shot blasting treatment.
Preferably, the high-wear-resistance nano coating is a hydrophobic nano coating, and the thickness of the coating is 1-10 μm.
Preferably, the high-wear-resistance nano coating is prepared from hydrophobic modified epoxy resin, nano reinforced particles and a curing agent according to the mass percentage of 3-5: 1: 1.5-2, wherein the hydrophobic modified epoxy resin is any one of hydrophobic modified E-51 epoxy resin, E44 epoxy resin and E42 epoxy resin, the nano reinforcing particles are at least one of nano silicon carbide particles, nano silicon dioxide particles and nano aluminum oxide particles, and the curing agent is at least one of diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, diamino diphenylmethane and polyether amine D-230.
Preferably, in the third step, the baking temperature is 150-.
A scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank comprises a water tank matrix and a high-wear-resistant nano coating; the sink substrate is made of the high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and a micro-nano structured rough surface is obtained by shot blasting; the high-wear-resistance nano coating is formed on the surface of the water tank matrix.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
cr: chromium is an element that stabilizes ferrite and is also an important alloying element that ensures the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. When the Cr content is more than 12 percent, the alloy can be obtainedObtaining Cr2O3The passivation protective film can obtain a more compact and stable passivation film along with the increase of the Cr content, and the capabilities of resisting stress corrosion, pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion are correspondingly improved. In order to ensure the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, the Cr content of the stainless steel should be more than 16%, but the high Cr content also needs to correspondingly increase the Ni equivalent so as to ensure that a room-temperature austenite single-phase structure is obtained. Therefore, the chromium content in the present invention should be controlled to 16.0-18.0%.
Ni: the nickel can promote the stability of an austenite phase, improve the plasticity and the toughness of the stainless steel, meanwhile, the nickel can promote the stability of a stainless steel passive film and improve the thermodynamic stability of the stainless steel, and when chromium and nickel coexist in the stainless steel, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel in severe environments such as sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and the like can be obviously improved. Because nickel resources are scarce, the content of nickel is properly controlled to be 3.0-6.0 percent.
Mn: manganese is an austenite forming and stabilizing element, manganese and nitrogen can be used for compositely replacing scarce nickel to obtain an austenite structure, and the addition of manganese can improve the nitrogen content in steel, stabilize or control a proper phase proportion and improve the performance of the steel. However, as the manganese content increases, manganese and sulfur form MnS, which is dissolved in the corrosive medium and often becomes the starting point of pitting and crevice corrosion. In the invention, Mn is controlled to be 4.0-7.0%, thus ensuring that nitrogen has certain solubility in steel and effectively reducing the content of inclusions such as MnS and the like.
Cu: when copper and molybdenum are added into steel in a compounding way, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel can be obviously improved, particularly the effect in reducing media such as sulfuric acid is related to the promotion of chromium enrichment in a surface passivation film by copper. Copper can also obviously reduce the strength and cold work hardening tendency of the stainless steel and improve the plasticity of the steel; however, as the copper content increases, the thermoplastic properties of the stainless steel decrease, thereby affecting the hot workability of the steel. Therefore, the copper content is controlled to be 0.5-1.0 percent in the invention.
N: the nitrogen can obviously improve the room temperature strength of the austenitic stainless steel through solid solution strengthening, the strength of the steel can be improved by 60-100MPa by adding 0.1 percent of nitrogen into the chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel, and the plasticity and the toughness of the steel are not obviously reduced when the nitrogen content is proper. Nitrogen not only improves the overall corrosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel to acid media, but also improves the local corrosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel to intercrystalline corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and the like. When the nitrogen content in the steel is lower than 0.35%, the strength of the stainless steel is lower than 750Mpa, and the scratch-resistant effect of the water tank is poor; when the nitrogen content exceeds 0.6%, cold-hot workability and cold formability of the steel are deteriorated. In the invention, the nitrogen content is controlled to be 0.35-0.6%.
Mo: molybdenum can remarkably promote the enrichment of chromium in the passive film, thereby enhancing the stability of the passive film of the stainless steel, remarkably strengthening the corrosion resistance of chromium in the steel and further improving the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel in a reducing acid medium. However, as the content of molybdenum increases, the high temperature deformation resistance of stainless steel increases and the thermoplasticity decreases, while molybdenum is a ferrite-forming element, and if the content of molybdenum in steel is excessive, ferrite may occur. In order to ensure that the Cr equivalent is in the range of 20-23 and obtain an austenite single-phase structure, the content of molybdenum is controlled to be 1.1-1.5%.
Si: the proper amount of silicon is added into the stainless steel, and the silicon can form a silicon-rich oxide protective film on the surface of the stainless steel, so that the stainless steel has excellent high-temperature resistance and high-concentration nitric acid and sulfuric acid corrosion resistance. However, when the silicon content is more than 0.15%, the corrosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel is lowered and the susceptibility of solid solution intergranular corrosion of the steel is significantly increased. Therefore, the silicon content in the invention is controlled to be 0.05-0.15%.
Al: aluminum is a very effective deoxidizer, and the proper addition of Al can reduce the oxygen content in molten steel and refine grains. Aluminum also has oxidation and corrosion resistance properties, and when compounded with chromium and silicon, the high temperature corrosion resistance of the steel can be significantly improved. When the aluminum content is higher, a large amount of inclusions can be formed to influence the welding performance and the cutting processing performance of the steel, and meanwhile, the higher aluminum content can also cause ferrite to be generated in the steel, so the aluminum content in the alloy is controlled to be 0.1-0.3%.
W: tungsten reacts with carbon to form a carbonized pigeon, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the stainless steel material can be effectively improved, and the content of tungsten in the stainless steel material is controlled to be 0.1-0.3%.
B. Nb, Ti and RE: boron, niobium, titanium and rare earth are used as optional elements, and the main functions are to refine the structure, improve the purity of molten steel and improve the hot-working performance.
C. P and S: carbon, phosphorus and sulfur are impurity elements in the austenitic stainless steel of the invention, and the content of the impurity elements is strictly controlled, wherein the carbon is easy to combine with chromium to form chromium-rich carbide Cr at grain boundaries23C6Causing chromium depletion causing intergranular corrosion and reduced corrosion resistance; the segregation of phosphorus in steel is serious, and the tempering brittleness and the cold brittleness sensitivity of the steel are increased; segregation of sulfur in steel is severe, and if the sulfur exists in the form of FeS with low melting point, hot brittleness of the steel can be caused, the sulfur content is too high, and SO is easily generated in welding2Air holes and water repellency are formed at the welding seam.
The high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel belongs to a Cr-Ni-Mn-N system, has a stable austenite single-phase structure, is high in nitrogen (N is more than 0.3 percent), is added with W, Mo and other elements, and ensures high corrosion resistance and strength of the stainless steel. The corresponding scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank adopts a triple strengthening technology, wherein the first strengthening is to weld and form the high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate serving as a substrate, the second strengthening is to strengthen the surface of the stainless steel through two shot blasting treatments and obtain a micro-nano rough structure, and the third strengthening is to coat a high-hardness nano coating on the surface layer of the water tank. Compared with the traditional straight-line wire drawing stainless steel manual water tank, the stainless steel water tank has the capability of resisting scratches of cookware and cookers, and has an effect of easily cleaning oil stains. Meanwhile, the stainless steel water tank disclosed by the invention adopts two shot blasting processes and then directly coats the wear-resistant nano coating to replace the traditional sand blasting-electrolysis process, so that the stainless steel water tank is more environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples further illustrate the invention.
Example 1
The high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 17.8%, Ni: 4.5%, Mn: 5.0%, Cu: 0.8%, N: 0.45%, Mo: 1.25%, Si: 0.08%, Al: 0.12%, W: 0.15%, C0.025%, P0.03%, S0.025%, B: 0.005%, Nb: 0.03%, Ti: 0.05%, RE: 0.03 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean manual water tank is prepared by taking a high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate as a raw material, and the preparation method of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean manual water tank comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking, bending and welding a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.0-3.0mm to prepare a water tank base body;
(2) carrying out shot blasting treatment on the prepared water tank matrix for the first time, wherein the diameter of a stainless steel shot is 0.25mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.7Mpa, and the distance from a spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 300 mm; the diameter of the stainless steel shot adopted by the second shot blasting process is 0.15mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the distance from the spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 250 mm;
(3) degreasing and activating the surface of the prepared water tank, washing and drying the surface of the water tank, and coating a high-wear-resistance nano coating on the surface of the water tank, wherein the thickness of the coating is 5-6 microns; the high-wear-resistance nano coating is prepared from hydrophobic modified epoxy resin, nano reinforced particles and a curing agent in percentage by mass of 3: 1: 2, preparing a composition;
(4) the baking temperature of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank is 160 ℃, and the baking time is 30 min.
Example 2
The high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 16.7%, Ni: 5.6%, Mn: 4.7%, Cu: 0.7%, N: 0.37%, Mo: 1.12%, Si: 0.1%, Al: 0.23%, W: 0.12%, C0.025%, P0.03%, S0.025%, B: 0.005%, Nb: 0.03%, RE: 0.05%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean manual water tank is prepared by taking a high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate as a raw material, and the preparation method of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean manual water tank comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking, bending and welding a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.0-3.0mm to prepare a water tank base body;
(2) carrying out shot blasting treatment on the prepared water tank matrix for the first time, wherein the diameter of a stainless steel shot is 0.25mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.6Mpa, and the distance from a spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 300 mm; the diameter of a stainless steel shot adopted by the second shot blasting process is 0.15mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.4Mpa, and the distance from a spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 250 mm;
(3) degreasing and activating the surface of the prepared water tank, washing and drying the surface of the water tank, and coating a high-wear-resistance nano coating with the thickness of 2-3 mu m; the composition of the high wear-resistant nano coating is the same as that of example 1;
(4) the baking temperature of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank is 150 ℃, and the baking time is 30 min.
Example 3
The high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 17.2%, Ni: 5.8%, Mn: 4.2%, Cu: 0.5%, N: 0.46%, Mo: 1.23%, Si: 0.12%, Al: 0.2%, W: 0.24%, C0.025%, P0.03%, S0.025%, B: 0.007%, Nb: 0.06 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean manual water tank is prepared by taking a high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate as a raw material, and the preparation method of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean manual water tank comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking, bending and welding a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.0-3.0mm to prepare a water tank base body;
(2) carrying out shot blasting treatment on the prepared water tank matrix for the first time, wherein the diameter of a stainless steel shot is 0.25mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.7Mpa, and the distance from a spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 300 mm; the diameter of the stainless steel shot adopted by the second shot blasting process is 0.15mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the distance from the spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 250 mm;
(3) degreasing and activating the surface of the prepared water tank, washing and drying the surface of the water tank, and coating a high-wear-resistance nano coating on the surface of the water tank, wherein the thickness of the coating is 8-10 mu m; the composition of the high wear-resistant nano coating is the same as that of example 1;
(4) the baking temperature of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank is 180 ℃, and the baking time is 30 min.
Example 4
The high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 16.1%, Ni: 4.0%, Mn: 6.0%, Cu: 0.9%, N: 0.55%, Mo: 1.35%, Si: 0.05%, Al: 0.28%, W: 0.2%, C0.025%, P0.03%, S0.025%, Nb: 0.09%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean manual water tank is prepared by taking a high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate as a raw material, and the preparation method of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean manual water tank comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking, bending and welding a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.0-3.0mm to prepare a water tank base body;
(2) carrying out shot blasting treatment on the prepared water tank matrix for the first time, wherein the diameter of a stainless steel shot is 0.25mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.8Mpa, and the distance from a spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 300 mm; the diameter of the stainless steel shot adopted by the second shot blasting process is 0.15mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the distance from the spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 250 mm;
(3) degreasing and activating the surface of the prepared water tank, washing and drying the surface of the water tank, and coating a high-wear-resistance nano coating on the surface of the water tank, wherein the thickness of the coating is 6-7 microns; the composition of the high wear-resistant nano coating is the same as that of example 1;
(4) the baking temperature of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank is 170 ℃, and the baking time is 30 min.
Example 5
The high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 17.0%, Ni: 3.3%, Mn: 7.0%, Cu: 1.0%, N: 0.6%, Mo: 1.45%, Si: 0.15%, Al: 0.1%, W: 0.26%, C0.025%, P0.03%, S0.025%, Nb: 0.09%, Ti: 0.06 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean manual water tank is prepared by taking a high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate as a raw material, and the preparation method of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean manual water tank comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking, bending and welding a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.0-3.0mm to prepare a water tank base body;
(2) carrying out shot blasting treatment on the prepared water tank matrix for the first time, wherein the diameter of a stainless steel shot is 0.25mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.8Mpa, and the distance from a spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 300 mm; the diameter of the stainless steel shot adopted by the second shot blasting process is 0.15mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the distance from the spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 250 mm;
(3) degreasing and activating the surface of the prepared water tank, washing and drying the surface of the water tank, and coating a high-wear-resistance nano coating on the surface of the water tank, wherein the thickness of the coating is 3-5 microns; the composition of the high wear-resistant nano coating is the same as that of example 1;
(4) the baking temperature of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank is 160 ℃, and the baking time is 30 min.
Comparative example 1
A nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 18.24%, Ni: 2.52%, Mn: 6.2%, Cu: 1.95%, N: 0.24%, Si: 0.38 percent of iron, 0.073 percent of C, 0.032 percent of P, 0.027 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
A manual water tank is prepared by taking nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel as a raw material, and the preparation method of the manual water tank comprises the following steps:
(1) the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.0-3.0mm is manufactured into a manual water tank after blanking, bending and welding;
(2) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the prepared manual water tank, wherein the diameter of glass sand is 80#, the sand blasting pressure is 0.4Mpa, and the distance from a spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 300 mm;
(3) degreasing and activating the surface of the prepared water tank, washing and drying the surface of the water tank, and coating a high-wear-resistance nano coating on the surface of the water tank, wherein the thickness of the coating is 3-5 microns; the composition of the high wear-resistant nano coating is the same as that of example 1;
(4) the baking temperature of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank is 160 ℃, and the baking time is 30 min.
Comparative example 2
The high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 17.5%, Ni: 4.5%, Mn: 6.0%, Cu: 0.8%, N: 0.45%, Mo: 1.22%, Si: 0.1%, Al: 0.15%, W: 0.2%, C0.025%, P0.03%, S0.025%, Nb: 0.06%, Ti: 0.06 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
A manual water tank is prepared by taking a high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate as a raw material, and the preparation method of the manual water tank comprises the following steps:
(1) the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.0-3.0mm is manufactured into a manual water tank after blanking, bending and welding;
(2) degreasing and activating the surface of the prepared water tank, washing and drying the surface of the water tank, and coating a high-wear-resistance nano coating on the surface of the water tank, wherein the thickness of the coating is 3-5 microns; the composition of the high wear-resistant nano coating is the same as that of example 1;
(3) the baking temperature of the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank is 160 ℃, and the baking time is 30 min.
Comparative example 3
The high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 17.5%, Ni: 4.5%, Mn: 6.0%, Cu: 0.8%, N: 0.45%, Mo: 1.22%, Si: 0.1%, Al: 0.15%, W: 0.2%, C0.025%, P0.03%, S0.025%, Nb: 0.06%, Ti: 0.06 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
A manual water tank is prepared by taking a high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate as a raw material, and the preparation method of the manual water tank comprises the following steps:
(1) the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.0-3.0mm is manufactured into a manual water tank after blanking, bending and welding;
(2) carrying out shot blasting treatment on the manufactured manual water tank for the first time, wherein the diameter of a stainless steel shot is 0.25mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.8Mpa, and the distance from a spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 300 mm; the diameter of the stainless steel shot adopted by the second shot blasting process is 0.15mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the distance from the spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 250 mm.
Comparative example 4
The high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 17.5%, Ni: 4.5%, Mn: 6.0%, Cu: 0.8%, N: 0.45%, Mo: 1.22%, Si: 0.1%, Al: 0.15%, W: 0.2%, C0.025%, P0.03%, S0.025%, Nb: 0.06%, Ti: 0.06 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Taking a high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate as a raw material, blanking, bending and welding the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.0-3.0mm to prepare the manual water tank.
The percentage contents of the components of the examples and comparative examples are as follows:
the scratch resistance of the water tank is related to the hardness of the substrate and the surface treatment process, and is judged by adopting a thimble scratch test. The Vickers hardness of the high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate is executed according to GB/T4340.1-2012 'Vickers hardness test-test method for metal materials', and the coating pencil hardness GB/T6739-; the water contact angle is carried out according to GB/T30447 'the method for measuring the contact angle of the nano film'; the AASS salt spray corrosion resistance performance is executed according to GB/T10125-2012 'artificial atmosphere corrosion test, salt spray test', the AASS acid salt spray test, and the test is stopped when the surface is less than 9 levels. The scratch test was carried out by placing a stylus on the surface of the sample at an angle of 45 °, applying a load of 500g and pushing the sample, and observing the surface for scratches.
The examples and comparative examples were tested for performance and the results are given in the following table:
as can be seen from examples 1 to 5, in the high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel sheets, the Vickers hardness of the substrate significantly increased with the increase in the contents of N and W. Examples 1-5 used the same high abrasion resistant nano-coating, and the measured data of coating pencil hardness not only related to the coating composition, but also related to the coating thickness and the substrate state, the thicker the coating, the lower the pencil hardness, otherwise, the thinner the coating, the higher the pencil hardness; and the higher the substrate hardness, the higher the corresponding coating pencil hardness test data.
Comparative document 1 a water tank base material was sand-blasted and coated with a wear-resistant nano-coating using a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel. The Ni equivalent in the stainless steel is low, a trace amount of ferrite structure can be obtained according to a phase diagram, the N content is lower than that of the high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel, and the alloy does not contain W element for increasing the hardness, so that the test values of the substrate hardness and the coating hardness are far lower than those of the high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel, and obvious scratches are formed by a scratch test.
The comparison document 2 shows that the water tank substrate is the high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel of the invention, shot peening strengthening is not carried out, but a wear-resistant nano coating is coated on the water tank substrate, the hardness of the substrate is lower, slight scratches are formed through testing, and the scratch-resistant effect is general;
comparative example 3 the water tank substrate was the high hardness scratch resistant stainless steel of the present invention, shot peening was performed twice, but the abrasion resistant nano coating was not applied. Because no abrasion-resistant nano-coating is applied, the water contact angle is actually measured to be 86 degrees (less than 90 degrees), and oil stains are easy to adhere. Meanwhile, the water tank is not protected by a coating, and the AASS salt mist corrosion resistant time of the water tank is less than 100 hours.
Comparative example 4 the water bath substrate was a high hardness scratch resistant stainless steel of the present invention, but no two shot peening and no wear-resistant nano-coating was applied. Because no shot peening is performed and no abrasion-resistant nano-coating is applied, the water contact angle of the wire-drawing plate is actually measured to be 82 degrees (less than 90 degrees), and oil stains are easy to adhere. Meanwhile, the AASS salt spray corrosion resistance time of the water tank is actually measured to be 68 hours without the protection of the coating.
According to the embodiment and the comparative example, the scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank is prepared by a high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel plate, two shot blasting treatment strengthening and a high-hardness nano coating triple strengthening technology, so that compared with the traditional straight-line wire drawing stainless steel manual water tank, the stainless steel water tank has the capabilities of resisting scratches of cookware and has an easy-to-clean effect on oil stains. In the absence of any condition, the product has poor performance, such as non-scratch resistance, non-corrosion resistance, easy adhesion of oil stains and the like.
The above examples are only intended to further illustrate the high hardness, scratch resistant stainless steel, the stainless steel water tank and the method for manufacturing the same according to the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the examples, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above examples according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a scratch-resistant and easy-to-clean stainless steel water tank is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: blanking, bending and welding the stainless steel plate to prepare a water tank base body;
step two: carrying out shot blasting treatment on the water tank matrix for two times to obtain a rough surface of a micro-nano structure;
step three: degreasing and activating the surface of the water tank substrate, washing and drying the surface, coating a high-wear-resistance nano coating, and baking to obtain the scratch-resistant stainless steel water tank easy to clean;
the stainless steel plate is made of high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel, and the high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
cr: 16.0 to 18.0%, Ni: 3.0-6.0%, Mn: 4.0-7.0%, Cu: 0.5-1.0%, N: 0.35-0.6%, Mo: 1.1-1.5%, Si: 0.05-0.15%, Al: 0.1-0.3%, W: 0.1-0.3%, C is less than or equal to 0.03%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.03%, one or more modified elements selected from B, Nb, Ti and RE, and the modified elements are B: 0.001-0.01%, Nb: 0.01-0.1%, Ti: 0.01-0.1%, RE: 0.02-0.5%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical composition of the high hardness, scratch resistant stainless steel is, in mass percent:
cr: 16.0-17.5%, Ni: 4.0-6.0%, Mn: 5.0-7.0%, Cu: 0.6-0.9%, N: 0.4-0.6%, Mo: 1.2-1.4%, Si: 0.05-0.1%, Al: 0.1-0.2%, W: 0.1-0.25%, C is less than or equal to 0.03%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.03%, one or more modified elements selected from B, Nb, Ti and RE, and the modified elements are B: 0.001-0.01%, Nb: 0.01-0.1%, Ti: 0.01-0.1%, RE: 0.02-0.5%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. The manufacturing method according to claim 2, characterized in that the chemical composition of the high hardness, scratch resistant stainless steel is, in mass percent:
cr: 16.5-17.5%, Ni: 4.0-5.0%, Mn: 5.5-6.5%, Cu: 0.7-0.9%, N: 0.45-0.55%, Mo: 1.2-1.3%, Si: 0.05-0.1%, Al: 0.1-0.15%, W: 0.15-0.25%, C is less than or equal to 0.03%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.03%, one or more modified elements selected from B, Nb, Ti and RE, and the modified elements are B: 0.001-0.01%, Nb: 0.01-0.1%, Ti: 0.01-0.1%, RE: 0.02-0.5%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the Cr equivalent is 20-22, the Ni equivalent is 20-26, and the alloy structure is an austenite single-phase structure.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the first shot blasting process adopts stainless steel shots with the diameter of 0.2-0.3mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.6-0.8MPa, the distance between a spray gun and the surface of the water tank is 200-400mm, and after the first shot blasting treatment, the surface roughness Ra of the water tank substrate is 10-20 mu m; the second shot blasting process adopts stainless steel shots with the diameter of 0.1-0.15mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.4-0.5MPa, the distance from a spray gun to the surface of the water tank is 150-300mm, and the surface roughness Ra of the water tank substrate is 1-10 mu m after the second shot blasting treatment.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the high-wear-resistance nano coating is a hydrophobic nano coating, and the thickness of the coating is 1-10 mu m.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the high-wear-resistance nano coating is prepared from hydrophobic modified epoxy resin, nano reinforced particles and a curing agent according to the mass percentage of 3-5: 1: 1.5-2, wherein the nano reinforcing particles are at least one of nano silicon carbide particles, nano silicon dioxide particles and nano aluminum oxide particles.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the baking temperature is 150-.
9. A scratch-resistant easy-to-clean stainless steel trough prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: comprises a water tank matrix and a high-wear-resistance nano coating; the water tank matrix is made of the high-hardness scratch-resistant stainless steel, and a rough surface of a micro-nano structure is obtained through shot blasting; the high-wear-resistance nano coating is formed on the surface of the water tank matrix.
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