CN111876542A - Method for controlling later-period furnace service of blast furnace hot air - Google Patents
Method for controlling later-period furnace service of blast furnace hot air Download PDFInfo
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- CN111876542A CN111876542A CN202010464077.XA CN202010464077A CN111876542A CN 111876542 A CN111876542 A CN 111876542A CN 202010464077 A CN202010464077 A CN 202010464077A CN 111876542 A CN111876542 A CN 111876542A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for managing and controlling the later-period furnace service of blast furnace hot air, which comprises the following steps: under normal gas pressure, tracking and controlling the maximum gas burning quantity of the hot blast stove burner; tracking and controlling the changes of a waste gas temperature rising curve and a vault temperature rising curve in the furnace burning process; tracking and controlling the content of CO in the flue gas through an online flue gas analyzer or manual sampling analysis; the temperature of the flue branch pipe and the temperature of the flue main pipe are tracked and controlled, and each step can be independently implemented. The invention can provide prediction and guidance for the energy consumption, the long service life and the maintenance and reconstruction plan of the hot blast stove, realizes the safe and stable operation of the hot blast stove and has good popularization significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace hot blast stove processes, in particular to a method for managing and controlling later-period furnace service of blast furnace hot blast.
Background
The running state of the blast furnace hot blast stove is generally measured by two process parameters of vault temperature and waste gas temperature and hot blast temperature. However, for the hot blast stove in later-stage furnace service, usually, because the internal refractory state and even the structure of the hot blast stove are changed, if the abnormal conditions such as brick collapse, abnormal short-term rapid rise of a waste gas temperature rising curve, CO content in flue gas exceeding a normal level, and irregular instantaneous higher than the end temperature of the waste gas in the later stage of burning (the inlet side of a preheater) are generated, the commonly used process parameters such as vault temperature, waste gas temperature and hot air temperature cannot track and control the running state of the hot blast stove in later stage furnace service, and the existing hot blast stove process technology has no method for controlling the later-stage furnace service of the hot blast stove in the blast furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for controlling the later-period furnace service of the hot blast of the blast furnace, which can provide prediction and guidance for the energy consumption, the long service life and the maintenance and reconstruction plan of the hot blast furnace and achieve the aim of realizing the safe and stable operation of the hot blast furnace.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for managing and controlling the later-period furnace service of blast furnace hot air comprises the following steps:
firstly, tracking and controlling the maximum gas burning quantity of a burner of a hot blast stove under normal gas pressure;
secondly, determining two technological parameter levels of vault temperature and waste gas temperature according to the maximum coal gas burning amount of the hot blast stove burner, and tracking and controlling the changes of a waste gas temperature rising curve and a vault temperature rising curve in the stove burning process;
thirdly, tracking and controlling the content of CO in the flue gas through an online flue gas analyzer or manual sampling analysis;
fourthly, if a large amount of CO is gathered at the positions of the flue branch pipes and the flue main pipe, secondary explosion phenomena can occur, and the temperature of the flue branch pipes and the temperature of the flue main pipe are tracked and controlled;
in the above four steps, each step can be independently performed.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the first step, the maximum gas burning amount of the burner is determined by the design approval quantity, and the two parameters of the vault temperature and the exhaust gas temperature are determined by the comprehensive approval of the design institute according to the target requirements of the wind temperature, the equipment model selection capability and the hot blast stove refractory configuration.
In one embodiment of the invention, under the condition that the refractory and structural operation states of the hot blast stove between a burner and a checker brick of a regenerator are normal, if the operation state of the burner is normal, the maximum gas burning amount, the vault temperature and the waste gas temperature can reach the design target; on the contrary, if the running state of the burner is normal and the temperature of the vault and the temperature of the waste gas cannot reach the design standard, the refractory materials and the structure of the hot blast stove between the burner and the checker bricks of the regenerator need to be detected.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the second step, the standard curve of the exhaust gas temperature rise is a steady step increase, the punctual and positive point before the furnace change reaches the exhaust gas control standard, and a curve without sawteeth is provided, and the heat of the regenerative chamber is fed back to gradually accumulate and rise.
In one embodiment of the invention, the vault temperature rising curve rapidly reaches vault control standard temperature after the furnace burning in a standard state, constant temperature heat storage is carried out for a long time, and the vault temperature is basically kept unchanged or is less than or equal to 10 ℃ in a later stage of controlling the temperature of waste gas in the furnace burning; if the vault temperature does not reach the control standard, and the curve is abnormal, the problems of the combustion state and the maximum combustion capacity of the combustor can be pre-judged under the condition that the heat value of the furnace-burning gas is confirmed to be not abnormal, so that the heat storage capacity and the air temperature capacity are further influenced, particularly, the air temperature difference value is further increased, and the influence on the production of the blast furnace is great.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the third step, foreign matter accumulated on the combustor is cleaned, and maintenance is planned.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the fourth step, the air-fuel ratio of the furnace is increased, it is confirmed that the flue valve is closed in place, and even the flue system is protected by introducing nitrogen.
In an embodiment of the invention, the maximum gas burning amount of the hot blast stove burner cannot meet the original design requirement, and the valve in front of the burner and the penetration condition of the grid hole above the burner are required to be checked.
In one embodiment of the invention, the arch crown temperature rising curve change is in accordance with the principle that the arch crown control temperature is quickly reached, then the waste gas temperature is burnt for a long time for heat storage, and the arch crown temperature is not reduced after the waste gas temperature is reached, and if the maximum gas burning amount of a combustor is not abnormal, a furnace burning control system is checked; the waste gas temperature curve is a gentle and non-abrupt curve, the required temperature of waste gas control is just reached before the waste gas temperature curve reaches the furnace changing, and for the internal combustion type hot blast stove, if the waste gas temperature curve quickly reaches the control temperature in a short time, under the condition that the detection system is confirmed to be abnormal, the situation that the partition wall is short-circuited can be caused.
In one embodiment of the invention, the CO content in the flue gas exceeds the control standard, and the situation can not be solved under the condition of improving the air-fuel ratio, namely the situation that a short circuit exists in a grate region from a burner to the bottom of a regenerator or the combustion effect of the burner is poor, and a large amount of unburned coal gas exists; the hot blast stove burner with normal performance, and the refractory material and the structure of the hot blast stove between the burner and the grate area at the bottom of the regenerative chamber react on the temperature of a flue branch pipe and a flue header pipe which is not higher than the control temperature of combustion waste gas, and if the instantaneous overhigh condition occurs, the condition that the burner has a short circuit to the grate area at the bottom of the regenerative chamber or the combustion effect of the burner is poor, a large amount of unburnt coal gas exists, and the blast is generated.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the trend of the wind temperature capability and the trend of safe operation can be judged by correlating six parameters such as the maximum coal gas burning amount of a burner of the hot blast stove, the rising curve change of the temperature of waste gas and an arch crown, the content of CO in flue gas, the temperature of a branch pipe of a flue, the temperature of a main pipe of the flue and the like with the running state of the burner, the running state of a regenerator (checker brick), the heat storage amount and the wind temperature capability, the running state of the burner, the regenerator and a grate and the running state of a flue system and the like, and finally the running trend of the hot blast stove can be judged. Meanwhile, the system can also provide prediction and guidance for the energy consumption, the long service life and the maintenance and reconstruction plan of the hot blast stove, and achieves the aim of realizing the safe and stable operation of the hot blast stove. The invention can be popularized and applied to the later-stage furnace service management and control of various types of hot blast furnaces of large, medium and small blast furnaces in the iron-making industry; equipment and materials are not required to be added; the method is implemented only by technology on site; the comprehensive judgment efficiency is high and accurate; meanwhile, the system can provide prediction and guidance for the energy consumption, the long service life and the maintenance and reconstruction plan of the hot blast stove, achieves the aim of realizing the safe and stable operation of the hot blast stove, achieves the safe and stable operation of the hot blast stove, and has good popularization significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a method for controlling the late-stage furnace service of a blast furnace hot air according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
It should be noted that all the directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" referred to herein are used with respect to the view of the drawings, and are only for convenience of description, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solution.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a method for managing and controlling the later-period furnace service of hot blast of a blast furnace, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, tracking and controlling the maximum gas burning quantity of a burner of a hot blast stove under normal gas pressure; the maximum gas burning amount of the burner directly determines two process technical parameter levels of the vault temperature and the waste gas temperature of the hot blast stove, and also measures the refractory material and the structural operation state of the hot blast stove between the burner and checker bricks of a regenerator; simultaneously, the air temperature capability of the hot blast stove is also determined;
secondly, determining two technological parameter levels of vault temperature and waste gas temperature according to the maximum coal gas burning amount of the hot blast stove burner, and tracking and controlling the changes of a waste gas temperature rising curve and a vault temperature rising curve in the stove burning process; the change of the waste gas temperature rising curve and the vault temperature rising curve can indirectly reflect the combustion state, the maximum combustion capacity, the subsequent heat storage time, the heat storage amount and the wind temperature capacity (average wind temperature and wind temperature difference), the refractory material of the hot blast stove between the combustor and the checker bricks of the heat storage chamber and the structural operation state of the combustor;
thirdly, tracking and controlling the content of CO in the flue gas through an online flue gas analyzer or manual sampling analysis; the CO content in the flue gas is generally determined by the combustion state of the combustion chamber, refractory materials of the hot blast stove between the combustor and a grate area at the bottom of the regenerative chamber and the structural operation state;
fourthly, if a large amount of CO is gathered at the positions of the flue branch pipes and the flue main pipe, secondary explosion phenomena can occur, and the temperature of the flue branch pipes and the temperature of the flue main pipe (the inlet side of the preheater) are tracked and controlled; the temperature of the flue branch pipe and the temperature of the flue main pipe measure the heat accumulation condition of the regenerator and measure the operation condition of the flue gas in a flue system;
in the above four steps, each step can be independently performed.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the first step, the maximum gas burning amount of the burner is determined by the design approval quantity, and the two parameters of the vault temperature and the exhaust gas temperature are determined by the comprehensive approval of the design institute according to the target requirements of the wind temperature, the equipment model selection capability and the hot blast stove refractory configuration.
In one embodiment of the invention, under the condition that the refractory and structural operation states of the hot blast stove between a burner and a checker brick of a regenerator are normal, if the operation state of the burner is normal, the maximum gas burning amount, the vault temperature and the waste gas temperature can reach the design target; on the contrary, if the running state of the burner is normal and the temperature of the vault and the temperature of the waste gas cannot reach the design standard, the refractory materials and the structure of the hot blast stove between the burner and the checker bricks of the regenerator need to be detected.
It can be understood that the maximum gas burning amount of the burner directly determines two process technical parameter levels of the vault temperature and the waste gas temperature of the hot blast stove, the refractory material and the structural operation state of the hot blast stove between the burner and the checker bricks of the heat storage chamber are also measured, and the air temperature capacity of the hot blast stove is also determined; the main control measures of the first step are as follows: and (3) performing high-temperature detection, analysis and tracking on refractory materials and structures in the hot blast stove at irregular intervals.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the second step, the standard curve of the exhaust gas temperature rise is a steady step increase, the punctual and positive point before the furnace change reaches the exhaust gas control standard, and a curve without sawteeth is fed back, and the heat in the regenerator is gradually accumulated and increased.
It should be noted that the changes of the exhaust gas temperature rising curve and the vault temperature rising curve can indirectly reflect the combustion state of the burner, the maximum combustion capacity, the subsequent heat storage time, the heat storage amount and the wind temperature capacity (average wind temperature and wind temperature difference), the refractory material of the hot blast stove between the burner and the checker bricks of the heat storage chamber and the structural operation state. The specific control measures of the first step are as follows: the inspection and the confirmation of the temperature detection system are enhanced, the furnace system is optimized, and the gas pressure of the furnace is guaranteed.
In an embodiment of the invention, the standard vault temperature rising curve is that the vault control standard temperature is quickly reached after the furnace is fired, the constant temperature is stored for a long time, and the vault temperature is basically kept unchanged or is less than or equal to 10 ℃ at the later stage of controlling the exhaust gas temperature of the furnace. If the vault temperature does not reach the control standard, and the curve is abnormal, the problems of the combustion state and the maximum combustion capacity of the combustor can be pre-judged under the condition that the heat value of the furnace-burning gas is confirmed to be not abnormal, so that the heat storage capacity and the air temperature capacity are further influenced, particularly, the air temperature difference value is further increased, and the influence on the production of the blast furnace is great.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the third step, foreign matter accumulated on the combustor is cleaned, and maintenance is planned.
Specifically, the CO content in the flue gas is generally determined by the combustion state of a burner, refractory materials of the hot blast stove between the burner and a grate area at the bottom of a regenerative chamber and the structural operation state. In the stable combustion stage of the hot blast stove, the CO content in the flue gas of the hot blast stove burner with normal performance is usually less than 1000 PPm. If a large area of foreign matters such as refractory bricks are piled on the combustor, the normal distribution and combustion (segregation) of coal gas in the combustor can be influenced, and the increase of CO which is not completely combusted is caused; the long-time concentrated local combustion of coal gas may cause the damage of refractory materials at the positions from a combustor, a combustion chamber to a regenerator, even cause the perforation or short circuit, and cause a large amount of incompletely combusted CO to directly enter a regenerator flue, so that the content of CO in flue gas exceeds the normal standard and even is more than 10 times.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the fourth step, the air-fuel ratio of the furnace is slightly increased, the flue valve is confirmed to be closed in place, and even the flue system is protected by introducing nitrogen.
Besides the heat accumulation condition of the regenerator, the temperature of the branch flue pipe and the temperature of the main flue pipe also measure the operation condition of the flue gas in the flue system. If a large amount of CO is gathered at the positions of the flue branch pipes and the flue header pipes, secondary explosion phenomena can occur under specific conditions. The detected temperature of the flue branch pipe and the flue main pipe is instantly abnormally and quickly increased to be higher than the standard temperature for controlling the waste gas, and the abnormal increase of the CO content in the flue gas can be predicted.
In an embodiment of the invention, the maximum gas burning amount of the hot blast stove burner cannot meet the original design requirement, and the valve in front of the burner and the penetration condition of the grid hole above the burner are required to be checked.
In one embodiment of the invention, the change of the vault temperature rising curve is in accordance with the principle that the vault control temperature is quickly reached, then the waste gas temperature is burnt for a long time, heat storage is carried out, and the vault temperature is basically not reduced after burning control after the waste gas temperature is reached, and if the maximum gas burning amount of a combustor is not abnormal, a furnace burning control system is checked; the waste gas temperature curve is a gentle and non-abrupt curve, the required temperature of waste gas control is just reached before the waste gas temperature curve reaches the furnace changing, and for the internal combustion type hot blast stove, if the waste gas temperature curve quickly reaches the control temperature in a short time, under the condition that the detection system is confirmed to be abnormal, the situation that the partition wall is short-circuited can be caused.
In an embodiment of the invention, if the content of CO in the flue gas exceeds the control standard and cannot be solved under the condition of improving the air-fuel ratio, a short circuit condition exists in a grate region from a burner to the bottom of a regenerator or the combustion effect of the burner is poor (including the poor combustion effect caused by serious gas segregation due to an upper brick of a burner of an internal combustion type hot blast stove), and a large amount of unburned gas exists;
in an embodiment of the invention, the normal performance of the hot blast stove burner, and the refractory material and the structure of the hot blast stove between the burner and the grate area at the bottom of the regenerative chamber are reflected in that the temperature of a flue branch pipe and a flue header pipe is not higher than the control temperature of combustion waste gas, and if the instantaneous ultrahigh condition occurs, the condition of short circuit exists between the burner and the grate area at the bottom of the regenerative chamber or the combustion effect of the burner is poor, a large amount of unburned gas exists, and the ringing explosion occurs.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows: under normal gas pressure, the maximum gas burning amount of a burner of a hot blast stove determines two process technical parameter levels of the vault temperature and the waste gas temperature, measures the refractory and structural operation state of the hot blast stove between the burner and checker bricks of a regenerator, and determines the wind temperature capacity of the hot blast stove; the change of the rising curves of the waste gas and the vault temperature can indirectly reflect the combustion state, the maximum combustion capacity, the subsequent heat storage time, the heat storage quantity and the wind temperature capacity (average wind temperature and wind temperature difference) of the combustor, and the refractory material and the structural operation state of the hot blast stove between the combustor and the checker bricks of the heat storage chamber; the CO content in the flue gas is usually determined by the combustion state of a burner, refractory materials of a hot blast stove between the burner and a grate subregion at the bottom of a regenerative chamber and the structural operation state; besides the flue branch and flue header temperatures (inlet side of preheater) which measure the heat accumulation of the regenerator, the HIA measures the operating conditions of the flue gas in the flue system. The trend of the wind temperature capability and the trend of safe operation can be judged by associating five parameters such as the maximum gas burning amount of a burner of the hot blast stove, the rising curve change of the temperature of waste gas and an arch crown, the CO content in flue gas, the temperature of a flue branch pipe, the temperature of a flue header pipe and the like with the running state of the burner, the running state of a regenerator (checker brick), the heat storage amount and the wind temperature capability of the burner, the running state of the regenerator-a grate and the running state of a flue system and the like, and finally the running trend of the hot blast stove can be judged. Meanwhile, the system can also provide prediction and guidance for the energy consumption, the long service life and the maintenance and reconstruction plan of the hot blast stove, and achieves the aim of realizing the safe and stable operation of the hot blast stove.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for managing and controlling the later-period furnace service of blast furnace hot air is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, tracking and controlling the maximum gas burning quantity of a burner of a hot blast stove under normal gas pressure;
secondly, tracking and controlling the changes of a waste gas temperature rising curve and a vault temperature rising curve in the furnace burning process;
thirdly, tracking and controlling the content of CO in the flue gas through an online flue gas analyzer or manual sampling analysis;
fourthly, tracking and controlling the temperature of the branch flue pipe and the temperature of the main flue pipe;
in the above four steps, each step can be independently performed.
2. The method for managing and controlling the late-stage furnace service of the hot blast of the blast furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the maximum gas burning quantity of the burner is determined based on the design approval, and the two parameters of the vault temperature and the exhaust gas temperature are determined based on the comprehensive approval of the design institute according to the target requirements of the wind temperature, the equipment model selection capability and the refractory configuration of the hot blast furnace.
3. The method for managing and controlling the late-stage furnace service of the hot blast of the blast furnace according to claim 2, wherein under the condition that the refractory and structural operation states of the hot blast furnace between the burner and the checker bricks of the regenerator are normal, if the operation states of the burner are normal, the maximum gas burning amount, the vault temperature and the exhaust gas temperature can reach the design targets; on the contrary, if the running state of the burner is normal and the temperature of the vault and the temperature of the waste gas cannot reach the design standard, the refractory materials and the structure of the hot blast stove between the burner and the checker bricks of the regenerator need to be detected.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the standard curve of exhaust gas temperature rise is a steady increase, the punctual and positive point before the furnace change reaches the standard of exhaust gas control, and the curve without sawteeth is used to feed back the heat accumulation and rise gradually in the regenerator, and the curve can deduce that the hot blast furnace refractory and the structure between the burner, the combustion chamber and the regenerator checker brick are damaged when severe sawteeth or abnormal situation that the sudden rise exceeds the normal control standard still occurs under the condition that the detection system for temperature removal is checked and removed without abnormal situation, and the capacity of heat accumulation and wind temperature are reduced.
5. The method for managing and controlling the late-stage furnace service of the hot blast of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein the vault temperature rise curve is that the vault control standard temperature is quickly reached after the furnace burning, the constant temperature and heat storage are carried out for a long time, and the vault temperature is basically maintained at the later stage of controlling the exhaust gas temperature of the furnace burning, or the vault temperature is less than or equal to 10 ℃; if the vault temperature does not reach the control standard, and the curve is abnormal, the problems of the combustion state and the maximum combustion capacity of the combustor can be pre-judged under the condition that the heat value of the furnace-burning gas is confirmed to be not abnormal, so that the heat storage capacity and the air temperature capacity are further influenced, particularly, the air temperature difference value is further increased, and the influence on the production of the blast furnace is great.
6. The method for managing and controlling the late-stage furnace service of the hot blast of the blast furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, foreign matters accumulated on the combustor are cleaned and maintenance is planned.
7. The method for managing and controlling the late-stage furnace service of the hot blast of the blast furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the air-fuel ratio of the furnace is increased, the flue valve is confirmed to be closed in place, and even the flue system is protected by introducing nitrogen.
8. The method for managing and controlling the late-stage furnace service of the hot blast of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein the maximum burning amount of the coal gas of the burner of the hot blast furnace does not meet the original design requirement, and the valve in front of the burner and the penetration condition of the grid hole above the burner are required to be checked.
9. The method for managing and controlling the late-stage furnace service of the hot blast of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein the change of the temperature rise curve of the vault is in accordance with the principle that the vault control temperature is quickly reached, then the waste gas temperature is burnt for a long time for heat storage, and the vault temperature is not reduced after the burning control after the waste gas temperature is reached, and if the maximum gas burning amount of a burner is not abnormal, a furnace burning control system is checked; the waste gas temperature curve is a gentle and non-abrupt curve, the required temperature of waste gas control is just reached before the waste gas temperature curve reaches the furnace changing, and for the internal combustion type hot blast stove, if the waste gas temperature curve quickly reaches the control temperature in a short time, under the condition that the detection system is confirmed to be abnormal, the situation that the partition wall is short-circuited can be caused.
10. The method for managing and controlling the late-stage furnace service of the hot blast of the blast furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the CO content in the flue gas exceeds the control standard and can not be solved under the condition of improving the air-fuel ratio, so that the condition of short circuit exists in the grate region from the burner to the bottom of the regenerator or the combustion effect of the burner is poor, and a large amount of unburned coal gas exists; the hot blast stove burner with normal performance, and the refractory material and the structure of the hot blast stove between the burner and the grate area at the bottom of the regenerative chamber react on the temperature of a flue branch pipe and a flue header pipe which is not higher than the control temperature of combustion waste gas, and if the instantaneous overhigh condition occurs, the condition that the burner has a short circuit to the grate area at the bottom of the regenerative chamber or the combustion effect of the burner is poor, a large amount of unburnt coal gas exists, and the blast is generated.
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Application publication date: 20201103 |