CN111876211A - Device and method for separating and recovering greenhouse gas in oilfield associated gas - Google Patents

Device and method for separating and recovering greenhouse gas in oilfield associated gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111876211A
CN111876211A CN202010817639.4A CN202010817639A CN111876211A CN 111876211 A CN111876211 A CN 111876211A CN 202010817639 A CN202010817639 A CN 202010817639A CN 111876211 A CN111876211 A CN 111876211A
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gas
stage
reaction chamber
associated gas
valve
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谢运生
龙雄云
范敏
罗成龙
桂双林
邹武
熊继海
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ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF JIANGXI ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF JIANGXI ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
    • C10L3/104—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J10/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
    • B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/108—Production of gas hydrates

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for separating and recovering greenhouse gas in oilfield associated gas, which comprises a gas-liquid separator, an air compressor, a booster pump, a temperature regulating chamber, a carbon dioxide separator, a stage I reaction chamber, a stage II reaction chamber, an ultrasonic atomizer, a pressure reduction decomposition tank, a first gas circulating pump, an associated gas buffer tank, a second gas circulating pump and a liquid buried tank; the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the air compressor, the booster pump and the carbon dioxide separator, and the bottom of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the liquid buried tank; the stage I reaction chamber and the stage II reaction chamber are respectively communicated with the carbon dioxide separator and the second gas circulating pump through pipelines; two ends of the associated gas buffer tank are respectively communicated with the first gas circulating pump and the second gas circulating pump through pipelines; the bottom of the decompression decomposition tank is provided with a methane output pipeline. The invention makes full use of phase stateNow on CO in associated gas2And the separation is carried out, so that carbon capture, utilization and sealing (CCUS) are realized, and the greenhouse gas emission reduction benefit is good.

Description

Device and method for separating and recovering greenhouse gas in oilfield associated gas
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for separating and recovering greenhouse gas in oil field associated gas, belonging to the technical field of oil field exploitation.
Background
The yield of the associated gas in the oil field is huge, but because the distribution of well sites and sites on land oil fields is dispersed, the associated gas is basically treated in the form of direct discharge to the atmosphere or combustion by a torch in the early development of the oil field, and according to statistics, only the dispersed small oil fields in China can burn up 10 multiplied by 10 every year8m3Not only does this result in waste of associated gas resources, but it also increases greenhouse gas emissions in hundreds of millions. Associated gas mainly comprises two greenhouse gases of methane and carbon dioxide, and with the increasing demand of the country for the environment, two methods are commonly used in oil fields at present: firstly, carry out the heat supply with the boiler of associated gas through pipe connection to well station, nevertheless in the higher summer of temperature, mainly still adopt the mode of burning to handle for the utilization ratio of associated gas is very low. And the other is in a form of a manifold, and the associated gas is transported to a light hydrocarbon plant and is further processed by the light hydrocarbon plant. From the composition, the associated gas contains a large amount of greenhouse gases, mainly methane, and a certain amount of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, so the associated gas is also a part of the oil field yield, is a main yield source of the light hydrocarbon plant on site, and the light hydrocarbon plant is limited by the limit of economic yield and the complexity of process treatment, so the recovery technology cost of the associated gas is higher. The invention provides a device and a method for recovering oilfield associated gas by a hydrate method. The method is based on a well station, realizes the recovery of methane and the separation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and the like at the source of the associated gas, and can effectively simplify the existing associated gas recovery process technology. The recovery of methane isAn energy saving project with good economic benefit, and a greenhouse gas emission reduction project (methane is an important greenhouse gas and has a warming potential of 24), and CO2The separation is a typical carbon capture, utilization and sealing (CCUS) technology, is suitable for developing a carbon emission reduction right transaction project, and has higher social benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides a device and a method for separating and recovering greenhouse gas in oilfield associated gas.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a device for separating and recovering greenhouse gas in oilfield associated gas comprises a gas-liquid separator, an air compressor, a booster pump, a temperature adjusting chamber, a carbon dioxide separator, a stage I reaction chamber, a stage II reaction chamber, an ultrasonic atomizer, a pressure reduction decomposition tank, a first gas circulating pump, an associated gas buffer tank, a second gas circulating pump and a liquid buried tank, wherein the carbon dioxide separator, the stage I reaction chamber, the stage II reaction chamber, the ultrasonic atomizer, the pressure reduction decomposition tank, the first gas circulating pump, the associated gas buffer tank, the second gas circulating pump;
the top of the gas-liquid separator is sequentially communicated with the air compressor, the booster pump and the carbon dioxide separator through pipelines, and the bottom of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the liquid buried tank through a pipeline;
the bottoms of the stage I reaction chamber and the stage II reaction chamber are respectively communicated with the top of the carbon dioxide separator and the second gas circulating pump through pipelines, the middle parts of the stage I reaction chamber and the stage II reaction chamber are respectively communicated with the ultrasonic atomizer and the liquid buried tank through pipelines, and the tops of the stage I reaction chamber and the stage II reaction chamber are respectively communicated with the top of the pressure reduction decomposition tank and the first gas circulating pump through pipelines;
two ends of the associated gas buffer tank are respectively communicated with the first gas circulating pump and the second gas circulating pump through pipelines; and a methane output pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the pressure reduction decomposition tank.
The further technical proposal is that the I-stage reaction chamber comprises an upper cover cap, a cylindrical shell, a lower cover cap with an associated gas inlet, a bracket, a liquid accumulating cylinder, an exhaust pipe and a sealing knob,
the cylindrical shell is internally provided with at least one baffle with an air hole and a spray pipe with a spray outlet, the spray pipe is provided with an ultrasonic atomizer interface extending out of the wall of the reaction chamber, and the ultrasonic atomizer interface is communicated with the ultrasonic atomizer through a pipeline;
the liquid accumulation cylinder is arranged on the bracket, the bracket is arranged in the lower cap, and the upper cap and the lower cap are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reaction chamber; the upper end of the exhaust pipe is mounted on the upper cover cap through a sealing knob, and the lower end of the exhaust pipe is provided with an air hole positioned in the reaction chamber; the liquid accumulation barrel is positioned below the spray pipe and the baffle.
The further technical proposal is that a filter is arranged in the exhaust tube.
The further technical scheme is that a steel wire mesh is arranged in the cylindrical shell.
The further technical scheme is that a thermometer for measuring the temperature of the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell and a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell are arranged on the upper cover cap.
The further technical scheme is that sealing rings are arranged between the upper cover cap and the cylindrical shell and between the lower cover cap and the cylindrical shell.
The further technical scheme is that the cylinder shell is provided with a liquid accumulation outer discharge pipe communicated with the liquid accumulation cylinder, and one end of the liquid accumulation outer discharge pipe is communicated with the liquid buried tank through a pipeline.
The device further comprises a PLC automatic controller, wherein a pressure-reducing decomposition tank outlet valve and a pressure-reducing decomposition tank inlet valve are respectively arranged at two ends of the pressure-reducing decomposition tank, a I-grade associated gas inlet valve, a I-grade ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve and a I-grade effusion discharge control valve are respectively arranged at the bottom and the middle part of the I-grade reaction chamber, a II-grade associated gas inlet valve, a II-grade ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve and a II-grade effusion discharge control valve are respectively arranged at the bottom and the middle part of the II-grade reaction chamber, an ultrasonic atomizer outlet gate valve is arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic atomizer, a I-grade decomposition automatic control valve, a II-grade decomposition automatic control valve and a I-grade decomposition automatic control valve are respectively arranged between the pressure-reducing decomposition tank and the I-grade reaction chamber and between the pressure-reducing decomposition tank and the II-grade reaction chamber, and a I-grade reaction chamber and a II, II-stage automatic air pumping control valve; the PLC is respectively and electrically connected with an outlet valve of the depressurization decomposition tank, an inlet valve of the depressurization decomposition tank, a grade I associated gas inlet valve, an outlet control gate valve of a grade I ultrasonic atomizer, an effluent discharge control valve of the grade I, a grade II associated gas inlet valve, an outlet control gate valve of a grade II ultrasonic atomizer, an effluent discharge control valve of the grade II, an outlet gate valve of the ultrasonic atomizer, an automatic control valve of the grade I decomposition, an automatic control valve of the grade II decomposition, an automatic control valve of the grade I air exhaust and an automatic control valve of the grade II air exhaust.
A method for separating and recovering greenhouse gases in oilfield associated gas comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, associated gas in an oil well is produced from an oil casing annulus through a sleeve gate valve, passes through a first well field master gate valve, a second well field master gate valve and a third well field master gate valve, enters a gas-liquid separator through a gas-liquid separator inlet gate valve, and is separated from water vapor and liquid drops contained in the associated gas;
step two, the water separated by the gas-liquid separator passes through a liquid discharge gate valve and reaches a liquid buried tank; the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator is pressurized into the carbon dioxide separator by a booster pump through a one-way valve and an air compressor, and the temperature of the CO is controlled by a temperature regulating room2So that the pressure of the associated gas exceeds this value, so that CO is present2Changing into liquid state and separating from associated gas;
step three, obtaining CO-free carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide separator2The associated gas respectively enters the I-stage reaction chamber and the II-stage reaction chamber through a one-way valve and an I-stage associated gas inlet valve and an II-stage associated gas inlet valve, and under the action of the ultrasonic atomizer, the methane gas is fully contacted with the water mist and rapidly reacts to generate granular hydrate, so that the methane is separated from the associated gas;
and step four, the decomposed methane enters a pressure reduction decomposition tank for storage, when the methane reaches a certain amount, an outlet valve of the pressure reduction decomposition tank is opened, and a methane output pipeline is opened for further treatment.
The further technical scheme is that the specific starting process of the stage I reaction chamber and the stage II reaction chamber in the third step is as follows:
firstly, opening a grade I associated gas inlet valve, closing a grade II associated gas inlet valve of a grade II reaction chamber, and opening an outlet control gate valve of a grade I ultrasonic atomizer connected with the grade I reaction chamber;
after a period of time, opening the I-stage gas extraction control valve, opening the I-stage gas extraction automatic control valve, starting the first gas circulating pump, rapidly extracting the residual associated gas in the I-stage reaction chamber to the associated gas buffer tank, switching to the I-stage decomposition automatic control valve, opening the inlet valve of the depressurization decomposition tank, and closing the I-stage associated gas inlet valve of the I-stage reaction chamber, so that the methane hydrate in the I-stage reaction chamber is rapidly decomposed;
during the decomposition of the hydrate, opening a II-grade associated gas inlet valve of the II-grade reaction chamber to enable gas in the carbon dioxide separator to enter, starting a second gas circulating pump at the same time, mixing the gas in the associated gas buffer tank with the gas in the carbon dioxide separator to enter the II-grade reaction chamber, and repeating the hydrate generation process of the I-grade reaction chamber;
when the pressure of the I-stage reaction chamber is reduced to 0, the I-stage decomposition automatic valve is closed, the II-stage decomposition automatic valve is opened, the II-stage reaction chamber is switched to the I-stage reaction chamber, and the II-stage reaction chamber starts to decompose the hydrate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. depending on the existing well station mode, a new station does not need to be arranged, the existing station distribution mode is not influenced, and the methane purification links of a light hydrocarbon plant can be reduced;
2. in the process of recovering methane from hydrate, various parameters are automatically and intelligently controlled, so that manual intervention is reduced, and labor force is saved;
3. fully utilizing phase state to realize CO in associated gas2The separation is carried out, so that carbon capture, utilization and sealing storage (CCUS) are realized, and the good greenhouse gas emission reduction benefit is achieved;
4. by utilizing the spray design, the contact surface of methane in the associated gas in the reaction chamber is increased, and the reaction rate is increased;
5. the design of two-stage reaction chambers is adopted, so that the generation and decomposition processes of methane hydrate can be circularly carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the stage I reaction chamber in this embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for separating and recovering greenhouse gas in oilfield associated gas of the present invention comprises a gas-liquid separator 8, an air compressor 19, a booster pump 21, a temperature regulating chamber 24, a carbon dioxide separator 25 arranged in the temperature regulating chamber 24, a stage I reaction chamber 34, a stage II reaction chamber 46, an ultrasonic atomizer 58, a depressurization decomposition tank 61, a first gas circulation pump 64, an associated gas buffer tank 67, a second gas circulation pump 70, and a liquid buried tank 72;
the top of the gas-liquid separator 8 is communicated with the air compressor 19, the booster pump 21 and the carbon dioxide separator 25 in sequence through pipelines, and the bottom of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the liquid buried tank 72 through a pipeline;
the bottoms of the stage I reaction chamber 34 and the stage II reaction chamber 46 are respectively communicated with the top of the carbon dioxide separator 25 and the second gas circulating pump 70 through pipelines, the middle parts of the stage I reaction chamber and the stage II reaction chamber are respectively communicated with the ultrasonic atomizer 58 and the liquid buried tank 72 through pipelines, and the tops of the stage I reaction chamber and the stage II reaction chamber are respectively communicated with the top of the depressurization decomposition tank 61 and the first gas circulating pump 64 through pipelines;
two ends of the associated gas buffer tank 67 are respectively communicated with the first gas circulating pump 64 and the second gas circulating pump 70 through pipelines; the bottom of the pressure-reducing decomposition tank 61 is provided with a methane export pipeline 69.
A bypass line with a bypass gate valve 65 is provided in parallel to the lines at both ends of the first gas circulation pump 64.
When the invention is used on site, the oil well 3 is directly sleeved by a sleeve pipe and the gas-liquid separator 8 is communicated.
As shown in fig. 2, the stage I reaction chamber 34 and the stage II reaction chamber 46 in this embodiment have the same structure, and specifically include an upper cap 3401, a cylindrical housing 3404, a lower cap 3407 with an associated gas inlet 3422, a support 3408, a liquid accumulation cylinder 3409, a suction pipe 3418, a sealing knob 3419,
at least one baffle 3411 with air holes 3412 and a spray pipe 3423 with spray outlets 3414 are arranged in the cylindrical shell 3404, the spray pipe 3423 is provided with an ultrasonic atomizer interface 3413 extending to the outside of the wall of the cylindrical shell 3404, and the ultrasonic atomizer interface 3413 is communicated with the ultrasonic atomizer 58 through a pipeline;
the liquid accumulation cylinder 3409 is mounted on the bracket 3408, the bracket 3408 is placed in the lower cap 3407, and the upper cap 3401 and the lower cap 3407 are respectively mounted at the upper end and the lower end of the cylindrical shell 3404; the upper end of the air suction pipe 3418 is arranged on the upper cover cap 3401 through a sealing knob 3419, and the lower end of the air suction pipe 3418 is provided with an air hole 3420 positioned in the cylindrical shell 3404; the liquid accumulation cylinder 3409 is positioned below the spray pipe 3423 and the baffle 3411.
The core of the reaction chamber is that the contact area of associated gas and water is increased in an effective space, wherein the main function is to atomize water, namely, a spray pipe 3423 is arranged in the reaction chamber, a spray outlet 3414 is arranged on the spray pipe 3423, so that small-sized spraying is realized at different positions, and in order to ensure that the aggregation of liquid drops is reduced in the gas-liquid contact process, a liquid accumulation cylinder 3409 positioned below the spray pipe 3423 collects the liquid drops; an accumulated liquid discharge pipe 3410 communicated with the accumulated liquid cylinder 3409 is arranged on the cylindrical shell 3404, one end of the accumulated liquid discharge pipe 3410 is communicated with the liquid buried tank 72 through a pipeline and is used for periodic discharge, so that associated gas is always contacted with fine liquid drops, and the generation speed of methane hydrate is improved;
in order to improve the disturbance of the gas and further improve the contact area, the steel wire meshes 3421 are arranged above and below the baffle plate with the gas channel 12, so that the disturbance of the gas is improved, the contact area is improved, and an attachment surface is provided for the formation of hydrate particles;
in order to improve the disturbance of the gas, an air exhaust tube 3418 is installed at the top end of the single-stage reaction chamber, an external pump is adopted to exhaust the residual associated gas, so as to realize the circulation of the associated gas, and a filter 3417 is installed in the air exhaust tube 3418 to remove liquid drops in the residual associated gas and prevent the hydrates from being frozen and blocked.
The reaction process of the associated gas in the reaction chamber is as follows: after the associated gas enters from an associated gas inlet 3422, the associated gas enters a liquid spraying pipe 3423 in a steel wire mesh 3421 from an ultrasonic atomizer connector 3413, and the sprayed gas passes through a spraying outlet 3414 to generate small-sized spraying contact at different positions of the reaction chamber, and methane in the associated gas is rapidly combined with water to form solid methane hydrate which is gathered on the surfaces of a baffle 3411 and the steel wire mesh 3421. The reaction is rapidly carried out and finished due to the sufficient contact between the associated gas and the liquid drops. At the top end of the reaction chamber, an external pump rapidly pumps out the residual associated gas through an air pumping pipe 3418, and simultaneously pumps in new associated gas from an associated gas inlet 3422 to separate methane in the associated gas. In the whole process, liquid drops can be generated by atomization, the liquid drops are gathered in the effusion cylinder 3409, and the liquid drops can be discharged by being externally connected with an effusion discharge pipe 3410.
In order to monitor the temperature and pressure in the inner cavity of the reaction chamber in real time, it is preferable that a temperature gauge 3415 for measuring the temperature of the inner cavity of the cylinder housing 3404 and a pressure gauge 3416 for measuring the pressure of the inner cavity of the cylinder housing 3404 are provided on the upper cap 3401.
Since the associated gas is reacted in the reaction chamber, it is necessary to improve the sealing effect of the inner cavity, and therefore, the seal rings 3403 are provided between the upper cap 3401 and the cylindrical case 3404 and between the lower cap 3407 and the cylindrical case 3404.
In order to improve the degree of automation in the apparatus of the present invention, in a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further includes a PLC automatic controller 57, two ends of the depressurization decomposition tank 61 are respectively provided with a depressurization decomposition tank outlet valve 60 and a depressurization decomposition tank inlet valve 62, the bottom and the middle of the stage I reaction chamber 34 are respectively provided with a stage I associated gas inlet valve 44, a stage I ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve 42 and a stage I effusion control valve 43, the bottom and the middle of the stage II reaction chamber 46 are respectively provided with a stage II associated gas inlet valve 56, a stage II ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve 54 and a stage II effusion discharge control valve 55, the bottom of the ultrasonic atomizer 58 is provided with an ultrasonic atomizer outlet gate valve 59, a stage I decomposition automatic control valve 40 and a stage II decomposition automatic control valve 52 are respectively arranged between the depressurization decomposition tank 61 and the stage I reaction chamber 34 and the stage II reaction chamber 46, an automatic stage I pumping control valve 41 and an automatic stage II pumping control valve 53 are respectively arranged between the gas circulating pump 64 and the stage I reaction chamber 34 and the stage II reaction chamber 46; the PLC 57 is respectively and electrically connected with a depressurization decomposition tank outlet valve 60, a depressurization decomposition tank inlet valve 62, a I-grade associated gas inlet valve 44, a I-grade ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve 42, a I-grade effusion discharge control valve 43, a II-grade associated gas inlet valve 56, a II-grade ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve 54, a II-grade effusion discharge control valve 55, an ultrasonic atomizer outlet gate valve 59, a I-grade decomposition automatic control valve 40, a II-grade decomposition automatic control valve 52, a I-grade air-extraction automatic control valve 41 and a II-grade air-extraction automatic control valve 53.
The method for separating and recovering the greenhouse gas in the oilfield associated gas by using the separation and recovery device comprises the following steps:
firstly, crude oil in an oil well 3 is transported to a station to which the crude oil belongs through an oil well production gate valve 1, associated gas is produced from an oil sleeve annulus through a sleeve gate valve 2, passes through a first well field master gate valve 4, a second well field master gate valve 5 and a third well field master gate valve 6, enters a gas-liquid separator 8 through a gas-liquid separator inlet gate valve 7, and is separated from water vapor and liquid drops contained in the associated gas;
step two, the water separated by the gas-liquid separator 8 passes through a liquid discharge gate valve 17 and reaches a liquid buried tank 72;
the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 8 passes through the one-way valve 14, the air compressor 19 and the booster pump 21, is pressurized into the carbon dioxide separator 25, and the temperature of the CO is controlled by the temperature adjusting chamber 242Phase equilibrium pressure (CO)2Liquefaction pressure at 20 ℃ of 5.73MPa) so that the pressure of the associated gas exceeds this value, so that CO2Is changed into liquid state and is separated from associated gas, thereby avoiding CO2And CH4The hydrate is formed together, and the purification of methane gas is interfered;
in particular, CO2The separator should be designed to maintain the medium pressure range due to the CO2Is corrosive and should be preserved. The separation process is monitored by means of a pressure gauge 29 and a temperature display 30 during the separation process, while a reasonable exhaust velocity should be controlled so that the CO is discharged2Has sufficient liquefactionThe time of (d);
or the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 8 can be burnt by a torch 12 through the vent control valve 9 and the torch control gate valve 11, which is an associated gas emergency treatment measure adopted when subsequent related equipment and process faults occur, so that safety accidents are avoided, or a safety valve 10 is adopted to control the gas pressure in the gas-liquid separator 8 so as to prevent the gas-liquid separator from exceeding the working pressure;
wherein liquid CO at the bottom of the carbon dioxide separator 252Is directly connected with a vegetable greenhouse 32 of a well station through a pipeline to ensure CO2The full and reasonable utilization is carried out;
step three, CO-free from the carbon dioxide separator 252The associated gas passes through a check valve 27, and first opens the class I associated gas inlet valve 44, closes the class II associated gas inlet valve 56 of the class II reaction chamber 46, opens the class I ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve 42 connected to the class I reaction chamber 34, and is free of CO2The associated gas enters the I-stage reaction chamber 34, the ultrasonic atomizer 58 sprays into the I-stage reaction chamber 34, and methane in the associated gas is rapidly combined with water to form solid methane hydrate;
after a period of time, opening the I-stage gas extraction control valve 37, opening the I-stage gas extraction automatic control valve 41, starting the first gas circulating pump 64, rapidly extracting the residual associated gas in the I-stage reaction chamber 34 to the associated gas buffer tank 67, switching to the I-stage decomposition automatic control valve 40, opening the depressurization decomposition tank inlet valve 62, and closing the I-stage associated gas inlet valve 44 of the I-stage reaction chamber 34, so that the methane hydrate in the I-stage reaction chamber 34 is rapidly decomposed;
during the hydrate decomposition, the stage II associated gas inlet valve 56 of the stage II reaction chamber 46 is opened, so that the gas in the carbon dioxide separator 25 enters, meanwhile, the second gas circulating pump 70 and the stage II gas pumping control valve 49 are started, the gas in the associated gas buffer tank 67 is mixed with the gas in the carbon dioxide separator 25 and enters the stage II reaction chamber 46, and the hydrate generation process of the stage I reaction chamber is repeated;
when the pressure of the stage I reaction chamber 34 is reduced to 0, the stage I decomposition automatic valve 40 is closed, the stage II decomposition automatic valve 52 is opened, the stage II reaction chamber 46 is switched to the stage I reaction chamber 34, and the stage II reaction chamber 46 starts to decompose the hydrate;
in the two reaction chambers, the decomposition of the hydrate is carried out by decompression decomposition, and due to the small related pressure and the action of a gas circulating pump, the decomposition process has no potential safety hazard and is carried out quickly;
and step four, the decomposed methane enters a pressure reduction decomposition tank 61 for storage, when the methane reaches a certain amount, an outlet valve 60 of the pressure reduction decomposition tank is opened, and a methane output pipeline 69 is opened for further processing.
In the whole process, the PLC automatic controller 57 monitors the pressure changes of the stage I reaction chamber 34 and the stage II reaction chamber 46 through the relevant program setting to adjust the corresponding automatic control valves, thereby realizing continuous methane purification in the whole associated gas.
Throughout the process, the liquid loading in the stage I reaction chamber 34 and the stage II reaction chamber 46 is discharged to the liquid ground tank 72.
The realized functions are as follows:
(1) make full use of CO2The characteristic of liquefying at lower pressure removes CO of associated gas2And CO is mixed2Is applied to the vegetable greenhouse of a well station, realizes CO2The environmental pollution is reduced to the maximum extent by reasonable utilization;
(2) the number of the stage I reaction chambers and the stage II reaction chambers can be increased so as to adapt to the treatment in the associated gas with large discharge;
(3) the I-stage reaction chamber and the II-stage reaction chamber realize the conversion of the two reaction chambers through a hydrate pressure reduction gap, a PLC (programmable logic controller) 57 and an automatic control valve controlled by the PLC, so that the artificial interference can be eliminated, and the workload of staff is reduced;
(4) the spraying mode is more favorable for the rapid generation of methane hydrate, and the separation of methane in associated gas is realized;
(5) after the hydrate is generated, the pressure in the reaction chamber is reduced (but the pressure is reduced to be higher than the equilibrium pressure, so that the hydrate is ensured not to be decomposed) by pumping out residual gas; meanwhile, the pressure of the decompression decomposition tank connected with the pressure reduction decomposition tank is 0, so that the decomposition of the hydrate is very quick, and potential safety hazards do not exist due to low pressure.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The device for separating and recovering the greenhouse gas in the oilfield associated gas is characterized by comprising a gas-liquid separator (8), an air compressor (19), a booster pump (21), a temperature regulating chamber (24), a carbon dioxide separator (25) arranged in the temperature regulating chamber (24), a stage I reaction chamber (34), a stage II reaction chamber (46), an ultrasonic atomizer (58), a pressure reduction decomposition tank (61), a first gas circulating pump (64), an associated gas buffer tank (67), a second gas circulating pump (70) and a liquid buried tank (72);
the top of the gas-liquid separator (8) is sequentially communicated with an air compressor (19), a booster pump (21) and a carbon dioxide separator (25) through pipelines, and the bottom of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with a liquid buried tank (72) through a pipeline;
the bottoms of the stage I reaction chamber (34) and the stage II reaction chamber (46) are respectively communicated with the top of the carbon dioxide separator (25) and the second gas circulating pump (70) through pipelines, the middle parts of the stage I reaction chamber and the stage II reaction chamber are respectively communicated with the ultrasonic atomizer (58) and the liquid buried tank (72) through pipelines, and the tops of the stage I reaction chamber and the stage II reaction chamber are respectively communicated with the top of the depressurization decomposition tank (61) and the first gas circulating pump (64) through pipelines;
two ends of the associated gas buffer tank (67) are respectively communicated with the first gas circulating pump (64) and the second gas circulating pump (70) through pipelines;
the bottom of the pressure reduction decomposition tank (61) is provided with a methane output pipeline (69).
2. The device for separating and recovering the greenhouse gas in the oilfield associated gas according to claim 1, wherein the stage I reaction chamber (34) comprises an upper cover cap (3401), a cylindrical shell (3404), a lower cover cap (3407) with an associated gas inlet (3422), a bracket (3408), a liquid accumulation barrel (3409), a suction pipe (3418) and a sealing knob (3419),
at least one baffle (3411) with air holes (3412) and a spray pipe (3423) with a spray outlet (3414) are arranged in the cylindrical shell (3404), the spray pipe (3423) is provided with an ultrasonic atomizer interface (3413) extending out of the wall of the cylindrical shell (3404), and the ultrasonic atomizer interface (3413) is communicated with the ultrasonic atomizer (58) through a pipeline;
the liquid accumulation cylinder (3409) is arranged on the bracket (3408), the bracket (3408) is arranged in the lower cover cap (3407), and the upper cover cap (3401) and the lower cover cap (3407) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder shell (3404); the upper end of the air suction pipe (3418) is arranged on the upper cover cap (3401) through a sealing knob (3419), and the lower end of the air suction pipe is provided with an air hole (3420) positioned in the cylindrical shell (3404); the liquid collecting cylinder (3409) is positioned below the spraying pipe (3423) and the baffle (3411).
3. The device for separating and recovering the greenhouse gas in the associated gas of the oil field according to the claim 2, characterized in that a filter (3417) is arranged in the gas extraction pipe (3418).
4. The device for separating and recovering the greenhouse gas in the oilfield associated gas according to claim 2, wherein a steel wire mesh (3421) is arranged in the cylindrical shell (3404).
5. The device for separating and recovering the greenhouse gas in the oilfield associated gas according to claim 2, wherein the upper cover cap (3401) is provided with a thermometer (3415) for measuring the temperature of the inner cavity of the cylinder housing (3404) and a pressure gauge (3416) for measuring the pressure of the inner cavity of the cylinder housing (3404).
6. The device for separating and recovering the greenhouse gas in the oilfield associated gas according to claim 2, wherein sealing rings (3403) are arranged between the upper cover cap (3401) and the cylindrical shell (3404) and between the lower cover cap (3407) and the cylindrical shell (3404).
7. The device for separating and recovering the greenhouse gas in the oilfield associated gas according to claim 2, wherein the cylindrical shell (3404) is provided with a liquid accumulation external discharge pipe (3410) communicated with the liquid accumulation cylinder (3409), and one end of the liquid accumulation external discharge pipe (3410) is communicated with the liquid buried tank (72) through a pipeline.
8. The device for separating and recovering greenhouse gas in oilfield associated gas according to claim 7, further comprising a PLC (programmable logic controller) (57), wherein a depressurization decomposition tank outlet valve (60) and a depressurization decomposition tank inlet valve (62) are respectively arranged at two ends of the depressurization decomposition tank (61), a I-stage associated gas inlet valve (44), a I-stage ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve (42) and a I-stage effusion discharge control valve (43) are respectively arranged at the bottom and the middle of the I-stage reaction chamber (34), a II-stage associated gas inlet valve (56), a II-stage ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve (54) and a II-stage effusion discharge control valve (55) are respectively arranged at the bottom and the middle of the II-stage reaction chamber (46), an ultrasonic atomizer outlet gate valve (59) is arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic atomizer (58), and the depressurization decomposition tank (61) and the I-stage reaction chamber (34), An I-grade automatic decomposition control valve (40) and an II-grade automatic decomposition control valve (52) are respectively arranged between the II-grade reaction chambers (46), and an I-grade automatic air-pumping control valve (41) and an II-grade automatic air-pumping control valve (53) are respectively arranged between the gas circulating pump (64) and the I-grade reaction chambers (34) and the II-grade reaction chambers (46); the PLC automatic controller (57) is respectively electrically connected with a depressurization decomposition tank outlet valve (60), a depressurization decomposition tank inlet valve (62), a I-grade associated gas inlet valve (44), a I-grade ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve (42), a I-grade effusion discharge control valve (43), a II-grade associated gas inlet valve (56), a II-grade ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve (54), a II-grade effusion discharge control valve (55), an ultrasonic atomizer outlet gate valve (59), a I-grade decomposition automatic control valve (40), a II-grade decomposition automatic control valve (52), a I-grade air-extracting automatic control valve (41) and a II-grade air-extracting automatic control valve (53).
9. A method for separating and recovering greenhouse gases from oilfield associated gases using the apparatus for separating and recovering greenhouse gases from oilfield associated gases of claim 8, comprising the steps of:
firstly, producing associated gas in an oil well (3) from an oil casing annulus through a casing gate valve (2), passing through a first well field master gate valve (4), a second well field master gate valve (5) and a third well field master gate valve (6), and entering a gas-liquid separator (8) through a gas-liquid separator inlet gate valve (7) to separate water vapor and liquid drops contained in the associated gas;
step two, the water separated by the gas-liquid separator (8) passes through a liquid discharge gate valve 17 and reaches a liquid buried tank 72; the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator (8) passes through a one-way valve (14), an air compressor (19), a booster pump (21) for boosting the gas into a carbon dioxide separator (25), and a temperature adjusting chamber (24) for controlling the temperature of CO2So that the pressure of the associated gas exceeds this value, so that CO is present2Changing into liquid state and separating from associated gas;
step three, CO-free obtained from the carbon dioxide separator (25)2Associated gas passes through a one-way valve (27), passes through a grade I associated gas inlet valve (44) and a grade II associated gas inlet valve (56), respectively enters a grade I reaction chamber (34) and a grade II reaction chamber (46), and under the action of an ultrasonic atomizer (58), methane gas is in full contact with water mist and reacts rapidly to generate granular hydrate, so that methane is separated from the associated gas;
and step four, the decomposed methane enters a pressure reduction decomposition tank (61) for storage, when the methane reaches a certain amount, an outlet valve (60) of the pressure reduction decomposition tank is opened, and a methane output pipeline (69) is opened for further treatment.
10. The method for separating and recovering the greenhouse gas in the oilfield associated gas according to claim 9, wherein the specific starting procedures of the stage I reaction chamber (34) and the stage II reaction chamber (46) in the step three are as follows:
firstly, opening a class I associated gas inlet valve (44), closing a class II associated gas inlet valve (56) of a class II reaction chamber (46), and opening a class I ultrasonic atomizer outlet control gate valve (42) connected with the class I reaction chamber (34);
after a period of time, opening an I-stage air extraction control valve (37), opening an I-stage automatic air extraction control valve (41), starting a first gas circulating pump (64), quickly extracting residual associated gas in an I-stage reaction chamber (34) to an associated gas buffer tank (67), switching to an I-stage decomposition automatic control valve (40), opening a depressurization decomposition tank inlet valve (62), and closing an I-stage associated gas inlet valve (44) of the I-stage reaction chamber (34), so that methane hydrate in the I-stage reaction chamber (3)4 is quickly decomposed;
during the hydrate decomposition, opening a class II associated gas inlet valve (56) of a class II reaction chamber (46) to allow gas in a carbon dioxide separator (25) to enter, simultaneously starting a second gas circulating pump (70), mixing the gas in an associated gas buffer tank (67) with the gas in the carbon dioxide separator (25) to enter the class II reaction chamber (46), and repeating the hydrate generation process of the class I reaction chamber;
when the pressure of the stage I reaction chamber (34) is reduced to 0, the stage I decomposition automatic valve (40) is closed, the stage II decomposition automatic valve (52) is opened, the stage II reaction chamber (46) is switched to the stage I reaction chamber (34), and the stage II reaction chamber (46) starts to decompose the hydrate.
CN202010817639.4A 2020-08-14 2020-08-14 Device and method for separating and recovering greenhouse gas in oilfield associated gas Pending CN111876211A (en)

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